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Nielsen SS, Alvarez J, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin-Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortázar Schmidt C, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MÁ, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Roberts HC, Spoolder H, Stahl K, Velarde A, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Earley B, Edwards S, Faucitano L, Marti S, de La Lama GCM, Costa LN, Thomsen PT, Ashe S, Mur L, Van der Stede Y, Herskin M. Welfare of cattle during transport. EFSA J 2022; 20:e07442. [PMID: 36092766 PMCID: PMC9449995 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the framework of its Farm to Fork Strategy, the Commission is undertaking a comprehensive evaluation of the animal welfare legislation. The present Opinion deals with protection of cattle (including calves) during transport. Welfare of cattle during transport by road is the main focus, but other means of transport are also covered. Current practices related to transport of cattle during the different stages (preparation, loading/unloading, transit and journey breaks) are described. Overall, 11 welfare consequences were identified as being highly relevant for the welfare of cattle during transport based on severity, duration and frequency of occurrence: group stress, handling stress, heat stress, injuries, motion stress, prolonged hunger, prolonged thirst, respiratory disorders, restriction of movement, resting problems and sensory overstimulation. These welfare consequences and their animal-based measures are described. A variety of hazards, mainly relating to inexperienced/untrained handlers, inappropriate handling, structural deficiencies of vehicles and facilities, poor driving conditions, unfavourable microclimatic and environmental conditions, and poor husbandry practices leading to these welfare consequences were identified. The Opinion contains general and specific conclusions relating to the different stages of transport for cattle. Recommendations to prevent hazards and to correct or mitigate welfare consequences have been developed. Recommendations were also developed to define quantitative thresholds for microclimatic conditions within the means of transport and spatial thresholds (minimum space allowance). The development of welfare consequences over time was assessed in relation to maximum journey duration. The Opinion covers specific animal transport scenarios identified by the European Commission relating to transport of unweaned calves, cull cows, the export of cattle by livestock vessels, the export of cattle by road, roll-on-roll-off ferries and 'special health status animals', and lists welfare concerns associated with these.
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Effect of lairage duration on cattle behaviors and stockperson actions in the slaughter corridor in Simmental and Swiss Brown breeds. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:139. [PMID: 35316406 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03136-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to investigate the effects of duration of lairage period and breed on behaviors of beef cattle and on stockperson handling actions toward cattle in the slaughter corridor. A total of 85 beef cattle (61 Simmental, 24 Brown Swiss) were allocated to 4 trial groups according to the duration of lairage period (24 h, 15 h, 1 h and no lairage). Animal behaviors and stockperson's handling actions were video recorded during the passage of animal through the slaughter corridor. Time spent in the slaughter corridor ranged between 4.64 and 16.82 min, and cattle lairaged 15 h spent more time in the slaughter corridor than the other groups (P < 0.05). Breed and lairage group had no effect on AWBEH (animal behavior) and AWACT (stockperson actions) scores and frequencies of animal behaviors, except butting. Beef cattle slaughtered without transport and lairage expressed less butting behavior compared to other lairage groups (P < 0.05). The most observed stockperson handling actions were goading, beating, tapping, and tail twisting, respectively. Cattle from L-15 group were exposed to more beating and prodding actions while cattle from L-24 h group were exposed to more pulling action. In conclusion, increasing the lairage period did not contribute to the reduction of stockperson interventions and cattle behaviors indicative of poor welfare in the slaughter corridor. Both stockperson training and facility improvements would greatly improve cattle welfare.
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del Campo Gigena M, Soares de Lima JM, Brito G, Manteca X, Hernández P, Montossi F. Effect of Finishing Diet and Lairage Time on Steers Welfare in Uruguay. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051329. [PMID: 34066914 PMCID: PMC8148579 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The transport and general handling of slaughter animals are associated with a series of events that cause stressful and unfavorable conditions that can compromise animal welfare. All these stressful events start at the farm and end with the death of the animal. In this experiment, we evaluated the effect of two finishing strategies and two contrasting lairage times through the combination of several indicators regarding productivity, physiology, behavior and postmortem variables. Individual temperaments and their impact on welfare and carcass quality were also considered. Animal welfare was not compromised in any diet during the finishing period. Individual temperament had a positive impact on the productivity and on all physiological indicators at different preslaughter stages. For that reason, we consider that it should be given paramount importance when talking about animal welfare. According to our results, with pasture-based animals, without fasting on the farm and after a short time of transportation (3.5 h), a longer preslaughter resting time (15 vs. 3 h) is desirable from the animal welfare perspective. Furthermore, our results suggest that this longer resting period, would also be more convenient from the carcass quality perspective. Abstract The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of two different pasture-based finishing strategies and lairage time on steers welfare in Uruguayan conditions. Sixty Hereford (H) and Braford (B) steers were assigned to two different diets for finishing purposes: (D1) native pasture plus corn grain (1% of live weight) (H n = 15, B n = 15) and (D2) high-quality pasture (H n = 15, B n = 15). The average daily gain was registered every 14 days, and temperaments were individually assessed one week before slaughter by three individual tests: crush score, flight time and exit speed, building a multicriterial temperament index (TIndex). Animals were slaughtered the same day in two groups (50% from D1 and 50% from D2 in each group) after traveling for 3.5 h and staying 15 (long lairage) and 3 h (short lairage) in the lairage pens, respectively. The behaviors were observed during lairage, and physiological indicators were used to assess stress at the farm after transport, after lairage and at slaughter. Bruises incidence and final pH were registered at the abattoir as a means of assessing the overall animal welfare. Calmer animals had higher average daily gains with no differences either between diets or between breeds. Calmer animals also had a lower stress response during all preslaughter stages, regardless of the time in lairage. Transport did not imply psychological stress (cortisol) for any slaughter group, but physical stress was evident after transport in both groups through NEFA and CPK increases. Bruise incidences did not differ between lairage groups. The short lairage group did not have enough time to cope with the environment before slaughter, with the consequent deleterious effects on the carcass pH. Animals from the long lairage group had a higher metabolic response shown through NEFA values, but they had enough time to rest and recover overnight, reaching final pH values lower than 5.8, considered the upper limit of the normal range. According to this experiment, with pasture-based animals without fasting on the farm and after 3.5 h of transportation, a resting period of 15 h in lairage should be better than a 3-h one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia del Campo Gigena
- INIA Tacuarembó, Ruta 5 km 386, C.P.45000 Tacuarembó, Uruguay; (J.M.S.d.L.); (G.B.); (F.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Gustavo Brito
- INIA Tacuarembó, Ruta 5 km 386, C.P.45000 Tacuarembó, Uruguay; (J.M.S.d.L.); (G.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Xavier Manteca
- Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
| | - Pilar Hernández
- Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Fabio Montossi
- INIA Tacuarembó, Ruta 5 km 386, C.P.45000 Tacuarembó, Uruguay; (J.M.S.d.L.); (G.B.); (F.M.)
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Clariget J, Banchero G, Luzardo S, Fernández E, Pérez E, La Manna A, Saravia A, Del Campo M, Ferrés A, Canozzi MEA. Effect of pre-slaughter fasting duration on physiology, carcass and meat quality in beef cattle finished on pastures or feedlot. Res Vet Sci 2021; 136:158-165. [PMID: 33647594 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Pre-slaughter fasting duration affect blood parameters related to stress and metabolism, decrease live and carcass weights and impact beef quality of cattle. In three experiments, 1100 steers and heifers, finished on feedlot or on pasture, were evaluated to assess the influence of the site and duration of fasting before slaughter on physiological, carcass and meat quality traits. Cattle were allocated to one of two fasting duration - long (23-29 h) or short (2-6 h) - and to one of two sites of fasting- farm or abattoir. All animals had access to water ad libitum until slaughter, except during transportation. Cattle were assigned to two (long fasting on abattoir/normal lairage time, short fasting on farm/minimal lairage time) or three (long fasting on abattoir/normal lairage time, short fasting on farm/minimal lairage time, long fasting on farm/minimal lairage time) treatments. Seventeen slaughters were considered in a randomized complete block design. There was no effect of the site of fasting on any variable. Cattle with short fasting duration had higher carcass weights and water consumption than those under long fasting duration. Haematocrit, globulin, total protein, and lactate dehydrogenase at the time of slaughter increased with fasting duration. There was no effect of the duration of fasting on blood ions, meat quality traits, urine pH, liver weight and volume, and skin dry matter. A reduction in the fasting duration returned to farmers and abattoirs 1.2% additional kilograms of carcass, suggesting an improvement in animal welfare according to a better hydration level of cattle at the time of slaughter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Clariget
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Ruta 50 km 11, Colonia 70000, Uruguay
| | - Georgget Banchero
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Ruta 50 km 11, Colonia 70000, Uruguay
| | - Santiago Luzardo
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental Tacuarembó, Ruta 5 km 386, Tacuarembo 45000, Uruguay
| | - Enrique Fernández
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Ruta 50 km 11, Colonia 70000, Uruguay
| | - Eduardo Pérez
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Ruta 50 km 11, Colonia 70000, Uruguay
| | - Alejandro La Manna
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Ruta 50 km 11, Colonia 70000, Uruguay
| | - Anderson Saravia
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Ruta 50 km 11, Colonia 70000, Uruguay
| | - Marcia Del Campo
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental Tacuarembó, Ruta 5 km 386, Tacuarembo 45000, Uruguay
| | - Alvaro Ferrés
- Asociación Uruguaya de Producción de Carne Intensiva Natural (AUPCIN), Brenda 6059, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Maria Eugênia Andrighetto Canozzi
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Ruta 50 km 11, Colonia 70000, Uruguay.
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Hampton JO, Warburton B, Sandøe P. Compassionate versus consequentialist conservation. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2019; 33:751-759. [PMID: 30411399 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ethical treatment of wildlife and consideration of animal welfare have become important themes in conservation, but ethical perspectives on how best to protect wild animals and promote their welfare are diverse. There are advantages to the consequentialist harms ethical framework applied in managing wild herbivores for conservation purposes. To minimize harms while achieving conservation goals, we argue that overabundant wild herbivores should in many cases be managed through consumptive in situ killing. Advantages of this policy are that the negative welfare states imposed on animals last only a short time; remaining animals are not deprived of positive welfare states (e.g., linked to rearing offspring); poor welfare states of animals in overabundant populations are avoided (e.g., starvation); negative welfare impacts on heterospecifics through resource depletion (i.e., competition) are prevented; harvesting meat reduces the number of (agricultural) animals raised to supply meat; and minimal costs maximize funding for other wildlife management and conservation priorities. Alternative ethical approaches to our consequentialist framework include deontology (containing animal rights) and virtue ethics, some of which underpin compassionate conservation. These alternative ethical approaches emphasize the importance of avoiding intentional killing of animals but, if no population reduction occurs, are likely to impose considerable unintentional harms on overabundant wildlife and indirectly harm heterospecifics through ineffective population reduction. If nonlethal control is used, it is likely that overabundant animals would be deprived of positive welfare states and economic costs would be prohibitive. We encourage conservation stakeholders to consider animal-welfare consequentialism as an ethical approach to minimize harms to the animals under their care as well as other animals that policies may affect while at the same time pursuing conservation goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan O Hampton
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Bruce Warburton
- Landcare Research, P.O. Box 69040, Lincoln, 7640, New Zealand
| | - Peter Sandøe
- Department of Food and Resource Economics and Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 25, DK-1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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KOÇKAYA M. Effects of transportation induced stress in electrocardiography data and blood parameters in Kangal Akkaraman sheep breed. MEHMET AKIF ERSOY ÜNIVERSITESI VETERINER FAKÜLTESI DERGISI 2019. [DOI: 10.24880/maeuvfd.544947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Ahmad Mir N, Ashutosh A. Seasonal variation of stress response parameters due to induced transportation stress in goats supplemented with vitamin C and jaggery under tropical Indian climatic conditions. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2018.1557830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashutosh Ashutosh
- Dairy Cattle Physiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
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Abstract
The goal of this review is to present a concise and critical assessment of the literature related to physiologic responses in cattle that are subjected to transportation. Over two-thirds of US cattle are transported. Understanding trends in circulating physiologic parameters is an important part of mitigating the negative effects of transportation. For the producer, linking these effects after transportation to morbidity outcomes within the first 45 days on feed (i.e. especially development of bovine respiratory disease) is critical. Physiologic parameters in circulation are of primary importance and may have value for prediction of bovine respiratory disease on arrival and for the understanding of disease pathogenesis. The results of our literature survey indicated that post-transportation immune function, increased acute phase proteins, glucocorticoids, and inflammation are a pivotal starting point for understanding disease. These potential biomarkers may have utility in identifying disease for targeted therapeutics so that traditional protocols that rely heavily on metaphylaxis can be avoided. Additional research is needed to develop strategies for physiological marker identification, treatment methods, or predictive behaviors to prevent respiratory disease before and after transport. This review examines the significant deleterious effects of transportation handling and stress, and current immune system translation and non-antimicrobial mitigation strategies.
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Marcato F, van den Brand H, Kemp B, van Reenen K. Evaluating Potential Biomarkers of Health and Performance in Veal Calves. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:133. [PMID: 29977895 PMCID: PMC6021515 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Veal calves undergo many challenges in the early stages of their life. Such challenges, including mixing procedures and transportation of calves to the veal farm, may have a negative influence on growth rate, feed intake, metabolism, immunity and disease susceptibility of calves. As a consequence, many hematological, physiological, metabolic and immunological parameters of stressed calves might be altered on arrival at the veal farm. Some of these response variables might be useful as biomarkers of performance of calves at the veal farm as they might provide information about an ongoing disease process, or may predict future diseases. Biomarkers might be helpful to group and manage calves in different risk categories after arrival. By adopting treatment decisions and protocols on a risk-group or individual basis, it would be possible to improve animal health and reduce both disease incidence and antibiotic use. Moreover, the use of biomarkers might be an economically feasible approach as some of them do not need invasive techniques and others can be measured in blood already taken during routine checks. Previous literature mainly assessed the physiological responses of calves to transportation. However, information on the link between on-farm arrival data and future health and performance of veal calves is limited. This review, therefore, examined a wide range of papers and aimed to identify potential biomarkers of future health and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Marcato
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Animal Production Systems Group, Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Henry van den Brand
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Bas Kemp
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Kees van Reenen
- Animal Production Systems Group, Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Ahmad Mir N, Ashutosh A, Ahmad Shergojry S, Ahmed Wani S, Ahmad Sheikh F. Effect of induced transportation stress in goats supplemented with vitamin C and jaggery during hot dry season. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2018.1452591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nazir Ahmad Mir
- Krishi Vigyan Kendra Leh, Sher e Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Ashutosh Ashutosh
- Dairy Cattle Physiology Division, National Dairy Research Instiute, Karnal, India
| | - Shahid Ahmad Shergojry
- Krishi Vigyan Kendra Kulgam, Sher e Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Sajad Ahmed Wani
- Department of Veterinary Extension, Khalsa College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Amritsar, India
| | - Fayaz Ahmad Sheikh
- Animal Nutrition Division, Sher e Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology Kashmir, Srinagar, India
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Jama N, Maphosa V, Hoffman LC, Muchenje V. Effect of sex and time to slaughter (transportation and lairage duration) on the levels of cortisol, creatine kinase and subsequent relationship with pork quality. Meat Sci 2016; 116:43-9. [PMID: 26855163 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The study determined the effect of sex and time to slaughter on cortisol and creatine kinase levels, and pork quality in commercial crossbred pigs. Saliva samples were before collected transportation, on arrival at the abattoir, and after a 20 hour lairage period. Cortisol levels from saliva (SC), serum (SeC) and urine (UC) were determined. Creatine kinase (CK) levels were determined from serum samples. Fifteen boars vs. 15 gilts were immediately slaughtered on arrival (SOA), and the other 15 boars vs. 15 gilts were rested for 20 h before slaughter. Meat quality parameters were also determined. In both sexes, SC significantly increased in response to time to slaughter. There was a significant interaction of sex and time to slaughter on SeC. Gilts had higher CK levels and lower muscle L* values than boars. There were correlations among baseline SC, SeC, UC and most meat quality parameters. Time to slaughter influenced levels of SC, UC, CK and pork quality between boars and gilts.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Jama
- University of Fort Hare, Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, P/Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - V Maphosa
- University of Fort Hare, Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, P/Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - L C Hoffman
- Stellenbosch University, Department of Animal Sciences, P/Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - V Muchenje
- University of Fort Hare, Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, P/Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa.
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12
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Hardstaff JL, Häsler B, Rushton JR. Livestock trade networks for guiding animal health surveillance. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:82. [PMID: 25889738 PMCID: PMC4411738 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0354-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trade in live animals can contribute to the introduction of exotic diseases, the maintenance and spread endemic diseases. Annually millions of animals are moved across Europe for the purposes of breeding, fattening and slaughter. Data on the number of animals moved were obtained from the Directorate General Sanco (DG Sanco) for 2011. These were converted to livestock units to enable direct comparison across species and their movements were mapped, used to calculate the indegrees and outdegrees of 27 European countries and the density and transitivity of movements within Europe. This provided the opportunity to discuss surveillance of European livestock movement taking into account stopping points en-route. Results High density and transitivity of movement for registered equines, breeding and fattening cattle, breeding poultry and pigs for breeding, fattening and slaughter indicates that hazards have the potential to spread quickly within these populations. This is of concern to highly connected countries particularly those where imported animals constitute a large proportion of their national livestock populations, and have a high indegree. The transport of poultry (older than 72 hours) and unweaned animals would require more rest breaks than the movement of weaned animals, which may provide more opportunities for disease transmission. Transitivity is greatest for animals transported for breeding purposes with cattle, pigs and poultry having values of over 50%. Conclusions This paper demonstrated that some species (pigs and poultry) are traded much more frequently and at a larger scale than species such as goats. Some countries are more vulnerable than others due to importing animals from many countries, having imported animals requiring rest-breaks and importing large proportions of their national herd or flock. Such knowledge about the vulnerability of different livestock systems related to trade movements can be used to inform the design of animal health surveillance systems to facilitate the trade in animals between European member states. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-015-0354-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo L Hardstaff
- University of Liverpool- Institute of Infection and Global Health, The Farr Institute@HeRC, 2nd Floor - Block F, Waterhouse building, Liverpool, L69 3GL, UK.
| | - Barbara Häsler
- Leverhulme Centre for Integrative Research on Agriculture and Health, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK.
| | - Jonathan R Rushton
- Department of Production and Population Health, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK.
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Jongman EC, Butler KL. Ease of moving young calves at different ages. Aust Vet J 2012; 91:94-8. [DOI: 10.1111/avj.12014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- EC Jongman
- Animal Welfare Science Centre; DPI Victoria; Sneydes Road; Werribee; Victoria; 3030; Australia
| | - KL Butler
- Biometrics Group; DPI Victoria; Werribee; VIC; Australia
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Brscic M, Leruste H, Heutinck LFM, Bokkers EAM, Wolthuis-Fillerup M, Stockhofe N, Gottardo F, Lensink BJ, Cozzi G, Van Reenen CG. Prevalence of respiratory disorders in veal calves and potential risk factors. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:2753-64. [PMID: 22541506 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to assess the in vivo and postmortem prevalence of respiratory disorders in veal calves and investigate risk factors associated with them. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 174 farms in the 3 major veal meat-producing countries in Europe (50 in France, 100 in the Netherlands, and 24 in Italy). Trained veterinarians visually evaluated individual calves of 1 batch per farm at 3 and 13 wk after arrival and at 2 wk before slaughter to assess the prevalence of hampered respiration, nasal discharge, and coughing. A random sample of lungs belonging to calves of the same batch was monitored at the slaughterhouse for mild to moderate or severe signs of pneumonia, and presence of pleuritis. Data regarding veal calf housing, feeding, and management and specific characteristics of the batch were collected through an interview with the stockperson, and the potential of these as respiratory disease risk factors was assessed. Regardless of the stage of fattening, the prevalence of in vivo signs of respiratory disorders in calves was always <7%. This low prevalence was likely the outcome of the general implementation by veal producers of standardized practices such as prophylaxis, all-in/all-out, and individual daily checks of the calves, which are recognized tools for effective disease prevention and management. However, at postmortem inspection, 13.9% and 7.7% of lungs showed mild to moderate and severe signs of pneumonia, respectively, and 21.4% of the inspected lungs had pleuritis. Thus, even mild clinical signs of respiratory disorder in calves at specific time points during the fattening period may be associated with high prevalence of lungs with lesions at slaughter. Alternatively, clinical symptoms recorded during routine visual inspections of veal calves on-farm may be poor predictors of the true prevalence of respiratory disease in calves. Among all potential risk factors considered, those concerning the characteristics of the batch were predominant but factors related to housing, management and feeding equipment were also relevant. Different risk factors were involved at different stages of the fattening period. Therefore, to overcome respiratory disorders in veal calves, different solutions may apply to different stages of the fattening period.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brscic
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro (PD), Italy.
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Effect of short road journeys on behaviour and some blood variables related to welfare in young bulls. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2012.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Ekiz B, Ekiz EE, Kocak O, Yalcintan H, Yilmaz A. Effect of pre-slaughter management regarding transportation and time in lairage on certain stress parameters, carcass and meat quality characteristics in Kivircik lambs. Meat Sci 2011; 90:967-76. [PMID: 22197098 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2011.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2010] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Thirty Kivircik lambs were used to investigate effect of pre-slaughter treatment on certain haematological and biochemical parameters, carcass and meat quality characteristics. Lambs were divided into three treatments: 75 min transport and lairage for 18 h (TS-L18 h); 75 min transport and lairage for 30 min (TS-L30 min) and no pre-slaughter transport and lairage for 30 min (NTS). Treatment, as a main effect, did not influence haematological and biochemical parameters, but sampling time significantly affected these parameters, except total protein. Plasma cortisol concentration at exsanguination in TS-18 h, TS-30 min and NTS treatments were 117.34, 119.23 and 72.51 ng/ml, respectively. pH of longissimus dorsi muscle was higher in TS-L30 min than other treatments. TS-L30 min lambs had the highest shear force value, the lowest WHC and cooking loss. TS-L30 min treatment yielded the darkest meat immediately after cutting and 1 h later. Meat redness, yellowness and chroma values were similar in treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulent Ekiz
- Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Istanbul University, Veterinary Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.
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GIANNETTO C, FAZIO F, CASELLA S, MARAFIOTI S, GIUDICE E, PICCIONE G. Acute Phase Protein Response during Road Transportation and Lairage at a Slaughterhouse in Feedlot Beef Cattle. J Vet Med Sci 2011; 73:1531-4. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.11-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia GIANNETTO
- Department of Experimental Sciences and Applied Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Messina, University Campus of Annunziata
| | - Francesco FAZIO
- Department of Experimental Sciences and Applied Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Messina, University Campus of Annunziata
| | - Stefania CASELLA
- Department of Experimental Sciences and Applied Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Messina, University Campus of Annunziata
| | - Simona MARAFIOTI
- Department of Experimental Sciences and Applied Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Messina, University Campus of Annunziata
| | - Elisabetta GIUDICE
- Deparment of Veterinary Public Healthy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Messina, University campus of Annunziata
| | - Giuseppe PICCIONE
- Department of Experimental Sciences and Applied Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Messina, University Campus of Annunziata
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18
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Petherick JC, Phillips CJ. Space allowances for confined livestock and their determination from allometric principles. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2008.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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19
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The effect of duration of manual restraint during blood sampling on plasma cortisol levels in calves. Anim Welf 2008. [DOI: 10.1017/s0962728600027883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AbstractMany studies on stress and pain rely, solely or mainly, on plasma Cortisol assessment. Confounding factors, such as handling, may cause a release of Cortisol making the interpretation of the results difficult. We looked at the influence of duration of restraint on the plasma cortisol levels of one-to-two month old calves. Forty-three calves were divided into four groups according to the interval between restraint and blood sampling: i) Group 0, immediate blood-sampling; ii) Group 0.5M, half a minute restraint; iii) Group IM, one minute restraint and iv) Group 2M, two minutes restraint. The only increase in plasma cortisol, compared with all the other groups, was seen with blood sampling after two minutes of restraint. This study provides evidence to suggest that cortisol released as a result of handling stress is not evident if blood sampling is carried out within one minute of restraining calves.
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Pre-slaughter conditions, animal stress and welfare: current status and possible future research. Animal 2008; 2:1501-17. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731108002723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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21
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Partida J, Olleta J, Campo M, Sañudo C, María G. Effect of social dominance on the meat quality of young Friesian bulls. Meat Sci 2007; 76:266-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2006.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2006] [Revised: 11/21/2006] [Accepted: 11/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Krawczel PD, Friend TH, Caldwell DJ, Archer G, Ameiss K. Effects of continuous versus intermittent transport on plasma constituents and antibody response of lambs1. J Anim Sci 2007; 85:468-76. [PMID: 17235032 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2005-226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recommendations for transportation of lambs, horses, calves, and pigs from a committee of the European Commission, which required rest stops of 6 or 24 h, every 8 h, were evaluated using Rambouillet x Suffolk lambs. The lambs of 17.6 +/- 0.5 kg of BW were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: transported for 22 h (continuous; n = 15); transported for 8 h, unloaded and rested for 6 h, transported for 8 h, unloaded and rested for 24 h, transported for 6 h (rested, n = 15); or remained in the home pasture throughout the study (control, n = 16). Off-trailer rest with food and water occurred in novel pens. Food deprivation in the continuous lambs was reflected by a decrease (P < 0.001) in plasma concentrations of glucose and an increase (P < 0.02) in plasma concentrations of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and total bilirubin relative to rested or control lambs. Electrolytes varied within and among all 3 treatments (P < 0.05), but no distinct pattern indicating dehydration was evident. Serum concentrations of cortisol were elevated in continuous and rested lambs compared with control lambs at 22 h (P < 0.05). Plasma immunoglobulin G antibody response to ovalbumin was suppressed (P < 0.05) in the continuous and rested lambs relative to the control lambs. Differences (P < 0.05) between continuous and rested lambs indicated the rest stops were sufficient to maintain BW during transport; however, these results were confounded by the control lambs losing a similar (P = 0.50) percentage of their initial BW as the continuous lambs at 22 h. The rest stops eliminated the physiological indicators of food deprivation and maintained BW but did not alleviate evidence of immunosuppression, and 52 h was required to complete the otherwise 22-h-long trip.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Krawczel
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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