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Pourhabibian S, Iranbakhsh A, Ebadi M, Hassanpour H, Hekmat A. Alteration in the callogenesis, tropane alkaloid formation, and gene expression in Hyoscyamus niger under clinorotation. PROTOPLASMA 2024; 261:293-302. [PMID: 37814140 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-023-01894-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of clinorotation induced by 2-D clinostat on the growth, tropane alkaloid production, gene expression, antioxidant capacity, and cellular defense responses in the callus tissue of Hyoscyamus niger. Callus induction was conducted by putting hypocotyl explants in the MS culture medium supplemented with 1 mgL-1 2,4-D and 1 mgL-1 BAP growth regulators. The sub-cultured calli were placed on a clinostat for 0, 3, 7, and 10 days (2.24 × 10-5 g on the edge of the callus ring). Clinorotation significantly increased callus fresh weight, dry weight, protein, carbohydrate, and proline contents compared to the control, and their maximum contents were obtained after 7 and 10 days. H2O2 level enhanced under clinorotation with a 76.3% rise after 10 days compared to control and positively affected the atropine (77.1%) and scopolamine (69.2%) productions. Hyoscyamine 6-beta hydroxylase and putrescine N-methyltransferase gene expression involved in the tropane alkaloid biosynthesis were upregulated markedly with 14.2 and 17.1-folds increase after 10 days of clinorotation, respectively. The expressions of jasmonic acid, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and ethylene-responsive element-binding transcription factor were upregulated, and the activity of peroxidase and catalase showed a 72.7 and 80% rise after 10 days. These findings suggest that microgravity can enhance callogenesis by stimulating the ROS level, which can impact the antioxidant enzymes, tropane alkaloid formation, and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pourhabibian
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Iranbakhsh
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Ebadi
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Halimeh Hassanpour
- Aerospace Research Institute, Ministry of Science Research and Technology, Tehran, 14665-834, Iran
| | - Azadeh Hekmat
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Totsline N, Kniel KE, Sabagyanam C, Bais HP. Simulated microgravity facilitates stomatal ingression by Salmonella in lettuce and suppresses a biocontrol agent. Sci Rep 2024; 14:898. [PMID: 38195662 PMCID: PMC10776768 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51573-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
As human spaceflight increases in duration, cultivation of crops in spaceflight is crucial to protecting human health under microgravity and elevated oxidative stress. Foodborne pathogens (e.g., Salmonella enterica) carried by leafy green vegetables are a significant cause of human disease. Our previous work showed that Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium suppresses defensive closure of foliar stomata in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) to ingress interior tissues of leaves. While there are no reported occurrences of foodborne disease in spaceflight to date, known foodborne pathogens persist aboard the International Space Station and space-grown lettuce has been colonized by a diverse microbiome including bacterial genera known to contain human pathogens. Interactions between leafy green vegetables and human bacterial pathogens under microgravity conditions present in spaceflight are unknown. Additionally, stomatal dynamics under microgravity conditions need further elucidation. Here, we employ a slow-rotating 2-D clinostat to simulate microgravity upon in-vitro lettuce plants following a foliar inoculation with S. enterica Typhimurium and use confocal microscopy to measure stomatal width in fixed leaf tissue. Our results reveal significant differences in average stomatal aperture width between an unrotated vertical control, plants rotated at 2 revolutions per minute (2 RPM), and 4 RPM, with and without the presence of S. typhimurium. Interestingly, we found stomatal aperture width in the presence of S. typhimurium to be increased under rotation as compared to unrotated inoculated plants. Using confocal Z-stacking, we observed greater average depth of stomatal ingression by S. typhimurium in lettuce under rotation at 4 RPM compared to unrotated and inoculated plants, along with greater in planta populations of S. typhimurium in lettuce rotated at 4 RPM using serial dilution plating of homogenized surface sterilized leaves. Given these findings, we tested the ability of the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) Bacillus subtilis strain UD1022 to transiently restrict stomatal apertures of lettuce both alone and co-inoculated with S. typhimurium under rotated and unrotated conditions as a means of potentially reducing stomatal ingression by S. typhimurium under simulated microgravity. Surprisingly, rotation at 4 RPM strongly inhibited the ability of UD1022 alone to restrict stomatal apertures and attenuated its efficacy as a biocontrol following co-inoculation with S. typhimurium. Our results highlight potential spaceflight food safety issues unique to production of crops in microgravity conditions and suggest microgravity may dramatically reduce the ability of PGPRs to restrict stomatal apertures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Totsline
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19713, USA.
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, 311 AP Biopharma, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, DE, 19713, USA.
| | - Kalmia E Kniel
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19713, USA
| | - Chandran Sabagyanam
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, 311 AP Biopharma, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, DE, 19713, USA
| | - Harsh P Bais
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19713, USA.
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, 311 AP Biopharma, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, DE, 19713, USA.
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Romano LE, van Loon JJWA, Izzo LG, Iovane M, Aronne G. Effects of altered gravity on growth and morphology in Wolffia globosa implications for bioregenerative life support systems and space-based agriculture. Sci Rep 2024; 14:410. [PMID: 38172193 PMCID: PMC10764921 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49680-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the response of plants to varied gravitational conditions is vital for developing effective food production in space bioregenerative life support systems. This study examines the impact of altered gravity conditions on the growth and morphological responses of Wolffia globosa (commonly known as "water lentils" or "duckweed"), assessing its potential as a space crop. Although an experiment testing the effect of simulated microgravity on Wolffia globosa has been previously conducted, for the first time, we investigated the effect of multiple gravity levels on the growth and morphological traits of Wolffia globosa plants. The plant responses to simulated microgravity, simulated partial gravity (Moon), and hypergravity environments were evaluated using random positioning machines and the large-diameter centrifuge. As hypothesized, we observed a slight reaction to different gravitational levels in the growth and morphological traits of Wolffia globosa. The relative growth rates (RGR) of plants subjected to simulated microgravity and partial gravity were reduced when compared to those in other gravity levels. The morphological analysis revealed differences in plant dimensions and frond length-to-width ratios under diverse gravity conditions. Our findings showed that Wolffia globosa is responsive to gravitational changes, with its growth and morphological adaptations being slightly influenced by varying gravitational environments. As for other crop species, growth was reduced by the microgravity conditions; however, RGR remained substantial at 0.33 a day. In conclusion, this study underscores the potential of Wolffia globosa as a space crop and its adaptability to diverse gravitational conditions, contributing to the development of sustainable food production and bioregenerative life support systems for future space exploration missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leone Ermes Romano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy.
| | - Jack J W A van Loon
- Department Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, Amsterdam Movement Sciences and Amsterdam Bone Center (ABC), Amsterdam University Medical Center Location VUmc and Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- TEC-MMG-LIS Lab, European Space Agency (ESA) Technology Center (ESTEC), Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - Luigi Gennaro Izzo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Maurizio Iovane
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Giovanna Aronne
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
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4
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Totsline N, Kniel KE, Bais HP. Microgravity and evasion of plant innate immunity by human bacterial pathogens. NPJ Microgravity 2023; 9:71. [PMID: 37679341 PMCID: PMC10485020 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-023-00323-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Spaceflight microgravity and modeled-microgravity analogs (MMA) broadly alter gene expression and physiology in both pathogens and plants. Research elucidating plant and bacterial responses to normal gravity or microgravity has shown the involvement of both physiological and molecular mechanisms. Under true and simulated microgravity, plants display differential expression of pathogen-defense genes while human bacterial pathogens exhibit increased virulence, antibiotic resistance, stress tolerance, and reduced LD50 in animal hosts. Human bacterial pathogens including Salmonella enterica and E. coli act as cross-kingdom foodborne pathogens by evading and suppressing the innate immunity of plants for colonization of intracellular spaces. It is unknown if evasion and colonization of plants by human pathogens occurs under microgravity and if there is increased infection capability as demonstrated using animal hosts. Understanding the relationship between microgravity, plant immunity, and human pathogens could prevent potentially deadly outbreaks of foodborne disease during spaceflight. This review will summarize (1) alterations to the virulency of human pathogens under microgravity and MMA, (2) alterations to plant physiology and gene expression under microgravity and MMA, (3) suppression and evasion of plant immunity by human pathogens under normal gravity, (4) studies of plant-microbe interactions under microgravity and MMA. A conclusion suggests future study of interactions between plants and human pathogens under microgravity is beneficial to human safety, and an investment in humanity's long and short-term space travel goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Totsline
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, AP Biopharma, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
| | - Kalmia E Kniel
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Harsh P Bais
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, AP Biopharma, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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Wang S, Wang J, Zeng X, Wang T, Yu Z, Wei Y, Cai M, Zhuoma D, Chu XY, Chen YZ, Zhao Y. Database of space life investigations and information on spaceflight plant biology. PLANTA 2023; 258:58. [PMID: 37528331 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Extensive spaceflight life investigations (SLIs) have revealed observable space effects on plants, particularly their growth, nutrition yield, and secondary metabolite production. Knowledge of these effects not only facilitates space agricultural and biopharmaceutical technology development but also provides unique perspectives to ground-based investigations. SLIs are specialized experimental protocols and notable biological phenomena. These require specialized databases, leading to the development of the NASA Science Data Archive, Erasmus Experiment Archive, and NASA GeneLab. The increasing interests of SLIs across diverse fields demand resources with comprehensive content, convenient search facilities, and friendly information presentation. A new database SpaceLID (Space Life Investigation Database http://bidd.group/spacelid/ ) was developed with detailed menu search tools and categorized contents about the phenomena, protocols, and outcomes of 459 SLIs (including 106 plant investigations) of 92 species, where 236 SLIs and 57 plant investigations are uncovered by the existing databases. The usefulness of SpaceLID as an SLI information source is illustrated by the literature-reported analysis of metabolite, nutrition, and symbiosis variations of spaceflight plants. In conclusion, this study extensively investigated the impact of the space environment on plant biology, utilizing SpaceLID as an information source and examining various plant species, including Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa L., and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. The findings provide valuable insights into the effects of space conditions on plant physiology and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Junyong Wang
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Xian Zeng
- Department of Biological Medicines and Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Zijie Yu
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yiqi Wei
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Mengna Cai
- Institute of Civil Design, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | | | - Xin-Yi Chu
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Yu Zong Chen
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102206, China
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Su SH, Levine HG, Masson PH. Brachypodium distachyon Seedlings Display Accession-Specific Morphological and Transcriptomic Responses to the Microgravity Environment of the International Space Station. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030626. [PMID: 36983782 PMCID: PMC10058394 DOI: 10.3390/life13030626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants have been recognized as key components of bioregenerative life support systems for space exploration, and many experiments have been carried out to evaluate their adaptability to spaceflight. Unfortunately, few of these experiments have involved monocot plants, which constitute most of the crops used on Earth as sources of food, feed, and fiber. To better understand the ability of monocot plants to adapt to spaceflight, we germinated and grew Brachypodium distachyon seedlings of the Bd21, Bd21-3, and Gaz8 accessions in a customized growth unit on the International Space Station, along with 1-g ground controls. At the end of a 4-day growth period, seedling organ’s growth and morphologies were quantified, and root and shoot transcriptomic profiles were investigated using RNA-seq. The roots of all three accessions grew more slowly and displayed longer root hairs under microgravity conditions relative to ground control. On the other hand, the shoots of Bd21-3 and Gaz-8 grew at similar rates between conditions, whereas those of Bd21 grew more slowly under microgravity. The three Brachypodium accessions displayed dramatically different transcriptomic responses to microgravity relative to ground controls, with the largest numbers of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) found in Gaz8 (4527), followed by Bd21 (1353) and Bd21-3 (570). Only 47 and six DEGs were shared between accessions for shoots and roots, respectively, including DEGs encoding wall-associated proteins and photosynthesis-related DEGs. Furthermore, DEGs associated with the “Oxidative Stress Response” GO group were up-regulated in the shoots and down-regulated in the roots of Bd21 and Gaz8, indicating that Brachypodium roots and shoots deploy distinct biological strategies to adapt to the microgravity environment. A comparative analysis of the Brachypodium oxidative-stress response DEGs with the Arabidopsis ROS wheel suggests a connection between retrograde signaling, light response, and decreased expression of photosynthesis-related genes in microgravity-exposed shoots. In Gaz8, DEGs were also found to preferentially associate with the “Plant Hormonal Signaling” and “MAP Kinase Signaling” KEGG pathways. Overall, these data indicate that Brachypodium distachyon seedlings exposed to the microgravity environment of ISS display accession- and organ-specific responses that involve oxidative stress response, wall remodeling, photosynthesis inhibition, expression regulation, ribosome biogenesis, and post-translational modifications. The general characteristics of these responses are similar to those displayed by microgravity-exposed Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. However, organ- and accession-specific components of the response dramatically differ both within and between species. These results suggest a need to directly evaluate candidate-crop responses to microgravity to better understand their specific adaptability to this novel environment and develop cultivation strategies allowing them to strive during spaceflight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Heng Su
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 425 G Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Correspondence: (S.-H.S.); (P.H.M.)
| | - Howard G. Levine
- NASA John F. Kennedy Space Center, Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, FL 32899, USA
| | - Patrick H. Masson
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 425 G Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Correspondence: (S.-H.S.); (P.H.M.)
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7
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Kawa B, Śniadek P, Walczak R, Dziuban J. Nanosatellite Payload for Research on Seed Germination in a 3D Printed Micropot. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:1974. [PMID: 36850572 PMCID: PMC9962095 DOI: 10.3390/s23041974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, an autonomous payload proposal for a nanosatellite mission allowing for the cultivation of grains in space was presented. For the first time, a micropot made with 3D printing technology, enabling the parametric determination of plant growth, both on Earth and in the simulated microgravity condition, was presented. A completed system for dosing the nutrient solution and observing the growth of a single grain, where the whole size did not exceed 70 × 50 × 40 mm3, was shown. The cultivation of Lepidium sativum seeds was carried out in the developed system, in terrestrial conditions and simulated microgravity conditions, using the RPM (Random Position Machine) device. The differences in plant growth depending on the environment were observed. It could be seen that the grains grown in simulated microgravity took longer to reach the full development stage of the plant. At the same time, fewer grains reached this stage and only remained at the earlier stages of growth. The conducted research allowed for the presentation of the payload concept for a 3U CubeSat satellite for research into the development of plants in space.
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8
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Hosamani R, Swamy BK, Dsouza A, Sathasivam M. Plant responses to hypergravity: a comprehensive review. PLANTA 2022; 257:17. [PMID: 36534189 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-04051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hypergravity is an effective novel stimulus to elucidate plant gravitational and mechanobiological behaviour. Here, we review the current understanding of phenotypic, physio-biochemical, and molecular plant responses to simulated hypergravity. Plants readily respond to altered gravity conditions, such as microgravity or hypergravity. Hypergravity-a gravitational force higher than that on the Earth's surface (> 1g)-can be simulated using centrifuges. Exposing seeds, seedlings, or plant cell cultures to hypergravity elicits characteristic morphological, physio-biochemical, and molecular changes. While several studies have provided insights into plant responses and underlying mechanisms, much is still elusive, including the interplay of hypergravity with gravitropism. Moreover, hypergravity is of great significance for mechano- and space/gravitational biologists to elucidate fundamental plant behaviour. In this review, we provide an overview of the phenotypic, physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of plants to hypergravity. We then discuss the involvement of hypergravity in plant gravitropism-the directional growth along the gravity vector. Finally, we highlight future research directions to expand our understanding of hypergravity in plant biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravikumar Hosamani
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology (IABT), University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 580005, India.
| | - Basavalingayya K Swamy
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology (IABT), University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 580005, India
| | - Ajwal Dsouza
- Controlled Environment Systems Research Facility, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Malarvizhi Sathasivam
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology (IABT), University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 580005, India
- College of Agriculture, Forestry and Life Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
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9
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Baba AI, Mir MY, Riyazuddin R, Cséplő Á, Rigó G, Fehér A. Plants in Microgravity: Molecular and Technological Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810548. [PMID: 36142459 PMCID: PMC9505700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are vital components of our ecosystem for a balanced life here on Earth, as a source of both food and oxygen for survival. Recent space exploration has extended the field of plant biology, allowing for future studies on life support farming on distant planets. This exploration will utilize life support technologies for long-term human space flights and settlements. Such longer space missions will depend on the supply of clean air, food, and proper waste management. The ubiquitous force of gravity is known to impact plant growth and development. Despite this, we still have limited knowledge about how plants can sense and adapt to microgravity in space. Thus, the ability of plants to survive in microgravity in space settings becomes an intriguing topic to be investigated in detail. The new knowledge could be applied to provide food for astronaut missions to space and could also teach us more about how plants can adapt to unique environments. Here, we briefly review and discuss the current knowledge about plant gravity-sensing mechanisms and the experimental possibilities to research microgravity-effects on plants either on the Earth or in orbit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Imran Baba
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
- Correspondence: or
| | - Mohd Yaqub Mir
- Doctoral School of Neuroscience, Semmelweis University, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
- Theoretical Neuroscience and Complex Systems Group, Department of Computational Sciences, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Riyazuddin Riyazuddin
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Biological Research Centre (BRC), Institute of Plant Biology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Cséplő
- Biological Research Centre (BRC), Institute of Plant Biology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Rigó
- Biological Research Centre (BRC), Institute of Plant Biology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Fehér
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Biological Research Centre (BRC), Institute of Plant Biology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
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10
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Cui J, Yi Z, Fu Y, Liu H. Simulated microgravity shapes the endophytic bacterial community by affecting wheat root metabolism. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:3355-3368. [PMID: 35437853 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To improve nutrient utilization and pathogenic resistance of plants in space, it is crucial to understand the effects of microgravity on the plant root microbiome. However, the finer details of whether and how microgravity affects the root microbiome remain unclear. Here, we found that simulated microgravity elicits no significant changes in fungal community composition and diversity, whether rhizosphere or endophytic. However, simulated microgravity caused a significant change in the composition and diversity of endophytic bacteria of wheat seedlings, but not in rhizosphere bacteria. The alteration of endophytic bacterial communities demonstrates that wheat seedlings adopt strategies to recruit additional endophytic Enterobacteriaceae and increase the stability of the endophytic bacterial network to respond to the challenge of simulated microgravity. Furthermore, our results also suggest that the corresponding changes in endophytic bacteria under simulated microgravity is closely related to a significant decrease in metabolites of the host's carbon metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, benzoxazinoid biosynthesis, and tryptophan metabolism pathways. Our findings reveal details important to our understanding of the impact of gravity on the microbial community of plant seedlings and the theoretical basis for manipulation of microorganisms to ensure efficient plant production in space. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Cui
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhihao Yi
- China School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuming Fu
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.,State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.,International Joint Research Center of Aerospace Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.,State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.,International Joint Research Center of Aerospace Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
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11
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The Memory of Rice Response to Spaceflight Stress: From the Perspective of Metabolomics and Proteomics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063390. [PMID: 35328810 PMCID: PMC8954569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The stress response of plants to spaceflight has been confirmed in contemporary plants, and plants retained the memory of spaceflight through methylation reaction. However, how the progeny plants adapt to this cross-generational stress memory was rarely reported. Here, we used the ShiJian-10 retractable satellite carrying Dongnong416 rice seeds for a 12.5-day on-orbit flight and planted the F2 generation after returning to the ground. We evaluated the agronomic traits of the F2 generation plants and found that the F2 generation plants had no significant differences in plant height and number of tillers. Next, the redox state in F2 plants was evaluated, and it was found that the spaceflight broke the redox state of the F2 generation rice. In order to further illustrate the stress response caused by this redox state imbalance, we conducted proteomics and metabolomics analysis. Proteomics results showed that the redox process in F2 rice interacts with signal transduction, stress response, and other pathways, causing genome instability in the plant, leading to transcription, post-transcriptional modification, protein synthesis, protein modification, and degradation processes were suppressed. The metabolomics results showed that the metabolism of the F2 generation plants was reshaped. These metabolic pathways mainly included amino acid metabolism, sugar metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism, purine metabolism, phenylpropane biosynthesis, and flavonoid metabolism. These metabolic pathways constituted a new metabolic network. This study confirmed that spaceflight affected the metabolic changes in offspring rice, which would help better understand the adaptation mechanism of plants to the space environment.
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Swamy BK, Hosamani R, Sathasivam M, Chandrashekhar SS, Reddy UG, Moger N. Novel hypergravity treatment enhances root phenotype and positively influences physio-biochemical parameters in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Sci Rep 2021; 11:15303. [PMID: 34315977 PMCID: PMC8316474 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94771-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypergravity-an evolutionarily novel environment has been exploited to comprehend the response of living organisms including plants in the context of extra-terrestrial applications. Recently, researchers have shown that hypergravity induces desired phenotypic variability in seedlings. In the present study, we tested the utility of hypergravity as a novel tool in inducing reliable phenotype/s for potential terrestrial crop improvement applications. To investigate, bread wheat seeds (UAS-375 genotype) were subjected to hypergravity treatment (10×g for 12, and 24 h), and evaluated for seedling vigor and plant growth parameters in both laboratory and greenhouse conditions. It was also attempted to elucidate the associated biochemical and hormonal changes at different stages of vegetative growth. Resultant data revealed that hypergravity treatment (10×g for 12 h) significantly enhanced root length, root volume, and root biomass in response to hypergravity. The robust seedling growth phenotype may be attributed to increased alpha-amylase and TDH enzyme activities observed in seeds treated with hypergravity. Elevated total chlorophyll content and Rubisco (55 kDa) protein expression across different stages of vegetative growth in response to hypergravity may impart physiological benefits to wheat growth. Further, hypergravity elicited robust endogenous phytohormones dynamics in root signifying altered phenotype/s. Collectively, this study for the first time describes the utility of hypergravity as a novel tool in inducing reliable root phenotype that could be potentially exploited for improving wheat varieties for better water usage management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basavalingayya K Swamy
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology (IABT), University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, 580005, India
| | - Ravikumar Hosamani
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology (IABT), University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, 580005, India.
| | - Malarvizhi Sathasivam
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology (IABT), University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, 580005, India
| | - S S Chandrashekhar
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, 580005, India
| | - Uday G Reddy
- AICRP on Wheat, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, 580005, India
| | - Narayan Moger
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology (IABT), University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, 580005, India
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