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Identification of immune-related mechanisms of cetuximab induced skin toxicity in colorectal cancer patients. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276497. [PMID: 36269747 PMCID: PMC9586384 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin rash is a well-known predictive marker of the response to cetuximab (Cmab) in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, the mechanism of skin rash development is not well understood. Following exposure to EGFR-targeted therapies, changes in IL-8 levels have been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between skin rash and inflammatory cytokine levels, including IL-8. Between 2014 and 2017, we prospectively enrolled 38 mCRC patients who underwent chemotherapy with either Cmab or bevacizumab (Bmab) at two hospitals. We performed multiplex cytokine ELISA with 20 inflammatory cytokines including E-selectin, GM-CSF, IFN-alpha, IFN-γ, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-17A, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1 alpha, MIP-1 beta, P-selectin, sICAM-1, and TNF-alpha at baseline before cycle 1, 24 h after cycle 1, before cycle 2 (= 14 d), and before cycle 3 (= 28 d). Cytokine levels were compared using ANOVA after log-transformation. IL-8 genotypes in 30 patients treated with Cmab were determined using the polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. Depending on the RAS mutational status, 30 and eight patients were treated with Cmab and Bmab-based chemotherapy, respectively. Skin rash developed in 23 (76.6%) of the 30 patients treated with Cmab plus FOLFIRI, after cycle 1. Only the mean log-transformed serum IL-8 level in patients with skin toxicity was statistically lower (2.83 ± 0.15) than in patients who did not experience skin toxicity (3.65 ± 0.27) and received Bmab (3.10 ± 0.26) (ANOVA test, p value = 0.0341). In addition, IL-8 polymorphism did not affect IL-8 levels, skin toxicity, or tumor response in Cmab treated patients. This study suggests that the inflammatory cytokine levels might be affected by Cmab exposure and are associated with the development of skin rash in mCRC patients. Further studies are warranted to evaluate this interaction in Cmab treated patients.
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Yokozaki H, Koma YI, Shigeoka M, Nishio M. Cancer as a tissue: The significance of cancer-stromal interactions in the development, morphogenesis and progression of human upper digestive tract cancer. Pathol Int 2018; 68:334-352. [PMID: 29671926 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We review the significance of cancer-stromal interactions (CSIs) in the development, morphogenesis and progression of human gastric and esophageal cancer based on the data obtained from co-culture experiments. Orthotopic fibroblasts in the gastric cancer stroma not only promoted their growth by cancer cells but were also responsible for the mobility, morphogenesis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of the cancer cells through CSI. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells could be part of the origin of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) of the gastric cancer providing an advantageous microenvironment for the restoration of cancer stem cells with the induction of the EMT. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) may differentiate from bone marrow-derived monocytes/macrophages within the tumor microenvironment of esophageal cancer and participate in the growth and the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs). Macrophages infiltrated into the intraepithelial neoplastic lesions of the esophagus may function as a biological promoter by promoting the growth and motility of squamous epithelia. Tumor cells build up "cancer as a tissue" by taking advantage of the existing network of growth factors, cytokines and chemokines through the interactions of TAMs, CAFs and cancer cells themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yokozaki
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yu-Ichiro Koma
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Manabu Shigeoka
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mari Nishio
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
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Hosono M, Koma YI, Takase N, Urakawa N, Higashino N, Suemune K, Kodaira H, Nishio M, Shigeoka M, Kakeji Y, Yokozaki H. CXCL8 derived from tumor-associated macrophages and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas contributes to tumor progression by promoting migration and invasion of cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:106071-106088. [PMID: 29285315 PMCID: PMC5739702 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are involved in tumor progression and poor prognosis in several malignancies. We previously demonstrated the interaction between high numbers of infiltrating TAMs and poor prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs). To investigate the significance of TAMs in ESCC, we conducted a cDNA microarray analysis of peripheral blood monocytes (PBMo)-derived macrophages and PBMo-derived macrophages stimulated with conditioned media of TE-series ESCC cell lines (TAM-like PBMo-derived macrophages). C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8) was up-regulated in the TAM-like PBMo-derived macrophages. Here we confirmed a high expression level of CXCL8 in TAM-like PBMo-derived macrophages and the expression of CXCR1/2, known as CXCL8 receptors, in TE-series ESCC cell lines. Recombinant human CXCL8 induced the ESCC cell lines’ migration and invasion by the phosphorylation of Akt and Erk1/2. In indirect co-cultures, not only signal pathway inhibitors but also neutralizing antibodies against CXCL8, CXCR1 and CXCR2 suppressed these phenotypes induced by TAM-like PBMo-derived macrophages. Immunohistochemical analysis of 70 resected ESCC samples showed that high expression levels of CXCL8 in ESCC tissues were significantly associated with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis. These results suggest that CXCL8 up-regulated in the microenvironment may contribute to ESCC progression by promoting cancer cells’ migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Hosono
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.,Division of Gastro-intestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yu-Ichiro Koma
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Takase
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.,Division of Gastro-intestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Naoki Urakawa
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.,Division of Gastro-intestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Nobuhide Higashino
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.,Division of Gastro-intestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kazuki Suemune
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Himiko Kodaira
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Mari Nishio
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Manabu Shigeoka
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kakeji
- Division of Gastro-intestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yokozaki
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
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Dong L, Bai J, Jiang X, Yang MM, Zheng Y, Zhang H, Lin D. The gene polymorphisms of IL-8(-251T/A) and IP-10(-1596C/T) are associated with susceptibility and progression of type 2 diabetic retinopathy in northern Chinese population. Eye (Lond) 2016; 31:601-607. [PMID: 27935598 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2016.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeThe aim of the present study is to investigate the association of the polymorphism of two genes in CXC chemokine family, interleukin-8 (IL-8) and interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), with both susceptibility and progression of DR in T2D population of northern China.Patients and methodsA total of 1043 eligible type 2 diabetic patients from Heilongjiang of northern China were recruited for this study. They were grouped into: with diabetic retinopathy (DR, 528 cases) and without diabetic retinopathy (DNR, 515 cases). Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping of IL-8(-251T/A) and IP-10(-1596C/T) was performed by polymerase chain reaction. Multivariate analysis and stepwise multiple logistic progression analysis were conducted to evaluate the association between gene SNP and DR susceptibility and progression. Pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was applied to assess the strength of the association among study groups.ResultsThe occurring of IL-8(-251) AA genotype was correlated with susceptibility (OR: 2.286, 95% CI: 1.382-3.782, P=0.001) and progression of high-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) (OR: 0.354, 95% CI: 0.162-0.770, P=0.009). Reversely, T allele of IP-10 (-1596) C/T was correlated with a reduced risk of DR (OR: 0.341, 95% CI: 0.249-0.466, P<0.001). However, gene polymorphisms of IL-8-251T/A and IP-10-1596C/T were not associated with diabetic macular edema (DME)(P>0.05).ConclusionsAA genotype of IL-8-251T/A was closely correlated to DR and high-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). -1596T allele of the IP-10 is a beneficial genotype for DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dong
- Key Laboratory of Harbin Medical University Eye Center in Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - J Bai
- Key Laboratory of Harbin Medical University Eye Center in Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - X Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Harbin Medical University Eye Center in Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - M-M Yang
- Key Laboratory of Harbin Medical University Eye Center in Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Y Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Harbin Medical University Eye Center in Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - H Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Harbin Medical University Eye Center in Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - D Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
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Liu Q, Li A, Tian Y, Wu JD, Liu Y, Li T, Chen Y, Han X, Wu K. The CXCL8-CXCR1/2 pathways in cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2016; 31:61-71. [PMID: 27578214 PMCID: PMC6142815 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Persistent infection or chronic inflammation contributes significantly to tumourigenesis and tumour progression. C-X-C motif ligand 8 (CXCL8) is a chemokine that acts as an important multifunctional cytokine to modulate tumour proliferation, invasion and migration in an autocrine or paracrine manner. Studies have suggested that CXCL8 and its cognate receptors, C-X-C chemokine receptor 1 (CXCR1) and CX-C chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2), mediate the initiation and development of various cancers including breast cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, colorectal carcinoma and melanoma. CXCL8 also integrates with multiple intracellular signalling pathways to produce coordinated effects. Neovascularisation, which provides a basis for fostering tumour growth and metastasis, is now recognised as a critical function of CXCL8 in the tumour microenvironment. In this review, we summarize the biological functions and ficlinical significance of the CXCL8 signalling axis in cancer. We also propose that CXCL8 may be a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Anping Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yijun Tian
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jennifer D Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Geriatric, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Tengfei Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xinwei Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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CXC and CC chemokines as angiogenic modulators in nonhaematological tumors. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:768758. [PMID: 24971349 PMCID: PMC4058128 DOI: 10.1155/2014/768758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines are a superfamily of structurally homologous heparin-binding proteins that includes potent inducers and inhibitors of angiogenesis. The imbalance between angiogenic and angiostatic chemokine activities can lead to abnormalities, such as chronic inflammation, dysplastic transformation, and even tumor development and spreading. In this review, we summarize the current literature regarding the role of chemokines as modulators of tumor angiogenesis and their potential role as therapeutic targets in patients with nonhaematological tumors.
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Koellensperger E, Gramley F, Preisner F, Leimer U, Germann G, Dexheimer V. Alterations of gene expression and protein synthesis in co-cultured adipose tissue-derived stem cells and squamous cell-carcinoma cells: consequences for clinical applications. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 5:65. [PMID: 24887580 PMCID: PMC4076640 DOI: 10.1186/scrt454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This is the first study evaluating the interactions of human adipose tissue derived stem cells (ADSCs) and human squamous cell carcinoma cells (SCCs), with regard to a prospective cell-based skin regenerative therapy and a thereby unintended co-localization of ADSCs and SCCs. Methods ADSCs were co-cultured with A431-SCCs and primary SCCs (pSCCs) in a transwell system, and cell-cell interactions were analyzed by assessing doubling time, migration and invasion, angiogenesis, quantitative real time PCR of 229 tumor associated genes, and multiplex protein assays of 20 chemokines and growth factors and eight matrix metalloproteinases (MMPS). Results of co-culture were compared to those of the respective mono-culture. Results ADSCs’ proliferation on the plate was significantly increased when co-cultured with A431-SCCs (P = 0.038). PSCCs and ADSCs significantly decreased their proliferation in co-culture if cultured on the plate (P <0.001 and P = 0.03). The migration of pSCC was significantly increased in co-culture (P = 0.009), as well as that of ADSCs in A431-SCC-co-culture (P = 0.012). The invasive behavior of pSCCs and A431-SCCs was significantly increased in co-culture by a mean of 33% and 35%, respectively (P = 0.038 and P <0.001). Furthermore, conditioned media from co-cultured ADSC-A431-SCCs and co-cultured ADSCs-pSCCs induced tube formation in an angiogenesis assay in vitro. In A431-SCC-co-culture 36 genes were up- and 6 were down-regulated in ADSCs, in A431-SCCs 14 genes were up- and 8 genes were down-regulated. In pSCCs-co-culture 36 genes were up-regulated in ADSCs, two were down-regulated, one gene was up-regulated in pSCC, and three genes were down-regulated. Protein expression analysis revealed that three proteins were exclusively produced in co-culture (CXCL9, IL-1b, and MMP-7). In A431-SCC-co-culture the concentration of 17 proteins was significantly increased compared to the ADSCs mono-culture (2.8- to 357-fold), and 15 proteins were expressed more highly (2.8- to 1,527-fold) compared to the A431-SCCs mono-culture. In pSCC-co-culture the concentration of 10 proteins was increased compared to ADSCs-mono-culture (2.5- to 77-fold) and that of 15 proteins was increased compared to pSCC mono-culture (2.6- to 480-fold). Conclusions This is the first study evaluating the possible interactions of primary human ADSCs with human SCCs, pointing towards a doubtlessly increased oncological risk, which should not be neglected when considering a clinical use of isolated human ADSCs in skin regenerative therapies.
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Sunaga N, Kaira K, Tomizawa Y, Shimizu K, Imai H, Takahashi G, Kakegawa S, Ohtaki Y, Nagashima T, Kasahara N, Kawashima O, Hisada T, Saito R, Yamada M. Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of interleukin-8 expression and its relationship to KRAS mutation in lung adenocarcinoma. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:2047-53. [PMID: 24577055 PMCID: PMC3992490 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: On the basis of our recent findings of oncogenic KRAS-induced interleukin-8 (IL-8) overexpression in non-small cell lung cancer, we assessed the clinicopathological and prognostic significances of IL-8 expression and its relationship to KRAS mutations in lung adenocarcinomas. Methods: IL-8 expression was examined by quantitative RT–PCR using 136 of surgical specimens from lung adenocarcinoma patients. The association between IL-8 expression, clinicopathological features, KRAS or EGFR mutation status and survival was analysed. Results: IL-8 was highly expressed in tumours from elderly patients or smokers and in tumours with pleural involvement or vascular invasion. In a non-smokers' subgroup, IL-8 level positively correlated with age. IL-8 was highly expressed in tumours with KRAS mutations compared with those with EGFR mutations or wild-type EGFR/KRAS. Lung adenocarcinoma patients with high IL-8 showed significantly shorter disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) than those with low IL8. DFS and OS were significantly shorter in the patients with mutant KRAS/high IL-8 than in those with wild-type KRAS/low IL-8. Cox regression analyses demonstrated that elevated IL-8 expression correlated with unfavourable prognosis. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that IL-8 expression is associated with certain clinicopathological features including age and is a potent prognostic marker in lung adenocarcinoma, especially in oncogenic KRAS-driven adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sunaga
- 1] Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma371-8511, Japan [2] Oncology Center, Gunma University Hospital, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - K Kaira
- 1] Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma371-8511, Japan [2] Department of Oncology Clinical Development, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Y Tomizawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Nishigunma Hospital, 2854 Kanai, Shibukawa, Gunma 377-8511, Japan
| | - K Shimizu
- Department of Thoracic and Visceral Organ Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - H Imai
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma371-8511, Japan
| | - G Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Nishigunma Hospital, 2854 Kanai, Shibukawa, Gunma 377-8511, Japan
| | - S Kakegawa
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Nishigunma Hospital, 2854 Kanai, Shibukawa, Gunma 377-8511, Japan
| | - Y Ohtaki
- Department of Thoracic and Visceral Organ Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - T Nagashima
- Department of Thoracic and Visceral Organ Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - N Kasahara
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma371-8511, Japan
| | - O Kawashima
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Nishigunma Hospital, 2854 Kanai, Shibukawa, Gunma 377-8511, Japan
| | - T Hisada
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma371-8511, Japan
| | - R Saito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Nishigunma Hospital, 2854 Kanai, Shibukawa, Gunma 377-8511, Japan
| | - M Yamada
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma371-8511, Japan
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Wang YH, Dong YY, Wang WM, Xie XY, Wang ZM, Chen RX, Chen J, Gao DM, Cui JF, Ren ZG. Vascular endothelial cells facilitated HCC invasion and metastasis through the Akt and NF-κB pathways induced by paracrine cytokines. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2013; 32:51. [PMID: 23941552 PMCID: PMC3751285 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-32-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background It is well documented that cancer cells secrete angiogenic factors to recruit and sustain tumor vascular networks. However, little is known about the effects of endothelial cells on the behavior of tumor cells. The study here was to determine the roles of endothelial cells in HCC cell growth, migration and invasion. Methods A mixture of highly metastatic MHCC97H cells and HUVEC cells, as well as MHCC97H cells alone were subcutaneously injected into nude mice to observe the effects of HUVECs on HCC growth. The biological characteristics of MHCC97H cells respectively treated with conditioned medium (CM) derived from HUVECs and endothelial cell basal medium (EBM) in vitro, such as proliferation, migration and invasion, invasion/metastasis associated gene expression, were comparatively analyzed. Differential cytokines between CM and EBM were screened and identified using human cytokine array. Effects of the interested differential cytokine CCL2, IL-8 and CXCL16 and its related signaling pathways were further investigated in HCC cells. Results Subcutaneous tumorigenicity of MHCC97H cells in nude mice was promoted by HUVECs and its invasion/metastasis associated genes were significantly upregulated. The in vitro, proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells treated with CM were all significantly enhanced as compared to those with EBM stimulation. Simultaneously, PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 pathway in HCC cells were activated by CM. Total of 25 differential cytokines were identified between CM and EBM such as angiopoietin-2, CCL2 (MCP-1), uPA, endostatin, CXCL16, IL-8, pentraxin 3 etc. The selected differential cytokines CCL2, IL-8 and CXCL16 all modulated the expressions of HCC invasion/metastasis genes, especially MMP2 and MMP9. In exposure to CCL2 or CXCL16 alone, upregulation in AKT phosphorylation but no change in ERK phosphorylation were found in MHCC97H cells, moreover the contents of nuclear transcription factor NF-κB were increased as compared to the control. However, no effects on the activation of Akt and ERK pathway in MHCC97H were found in exposure to IL-8. Conclusion This study expands the contribution of endothelial cells to the progression of HCC. It unveils a new paradigm in which endothelial cells function as initiators of molecular crosstalks that enhance survival, migration and invasion of HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Hui Wang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, PR China
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Liu CM, Yeh CJ, Yu CC, Chou MY, Lin CH, Wei LH, Lin CW, Yang SF, Chien MH. Impact of interleukin-8 gene polymorphisms and environmental factors on oral cancer susceptibility in Taiwan. Oral Dis 2011; 18:307-14. [PMID: 22151543 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2011.01882.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Interleukin-8 (IL-8), which is an angiogenic chemokine with a high expression level in tumor tissues, plays important roles in developing many human malignancies including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study was designed to examine the association of IL-8 gene polymorphisms with the susceptibility and clinicopathological characteristics of OSCC. METHODS A total of 270 patients with OSCC and 350 healthy control subjects were recruited. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IL-8 genes were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) genotyping analysis. RESULTS Results showed that four IL-8 SNPs (-251 T/A, +781 C/T, +1633 C/T, and +2767 A/T) were not associated with oral cancer susceptibility as well as clinicopathological parameters. But among 345 smokers, IL-8 polymorphisms carriers with betel quid chewing were found to have a 17.41- to 23.14-fold risk to have oral cancer compared to IL-8 wild-type carriers without betel quid chewing. Among 262 betel quid chewers, IL-8 polymorphisms carriers with smoking have a 10.54- to 20.44-fold risk to have oral cancer compared to those who carried wild type without smoking. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the combination of IL-8 gene polymorphisms and environmental carcinogens might be highly related to the risk of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-M Liu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Zhang Y, Wang L, Zhang M, Jin M, Bai C, Wang X. Potential mechanism of interleukin-8 production from lung cancer cells: an involvement of EGF-EGFR-PI3K-Akt-Erk pathway. J Cell Physiol 2011; 227:35-43. [PMID: 21412767 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tumor inflammatory microenvironment is considered to play the role in the sensitivity of tumor cells to therapies and prognosis of lung cancer patients. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is one of critical chemo-attractants responsible for leukocyte recruitment, cancer proliferation, and angiogenesis. The present study aimed at investigating potential mechanism of IL-8 production from human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) SPC-A1 cells. We initially found that EGF could directly stimulate IL-8 production, proliferation, and bio-behaviors of lung cancer cells through the activation of EGFR, PI3K, Akt, and Erk signal pathway. EGF-stimulated IL-8 production, phosphorylation of Akt and Erk, and cell proliferation and movement could be inhibited by EGFR inhibitor (Erlotinib), PI3K inhibitor (GDC-0941 BEZ-235 and SHBM1009), and ERK1/2 inhibitor (PD98059). Our data indicate that IL-8 production from lung cancer cells could be initiated by their own produced factors, leading to the recruitment of inflammatory cells in the cancer tissue, and the formation of inflammatory microenvironment. Thus, it seems that the signal pathway of EGFR-PI3K-Akt-Erk can be the potential target of therapies for inflammatory microenvironment in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Center for Biomedical Research, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University Medical School, Shanghai, China
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12
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Gioulbasanis I, Patrikidou A, Kitikidou K, Papadimitriou K, Vlachostergios PJ, Tsatsanis C, Margioris AN, Papandreou CN, Mavroudis D, Georgoulias V. Baseline plasma levels of interleukin-8 in stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer patients: relationship with nutritional status and prognosis. Nutr Cancer 2011; 64:41-7. [PMID: 22098075 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2012.630157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-8 promotes cellular proliferation and angiogenesis in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and may be related to cachexia. Our aim was to investigate the relationship of IL-8 levels with nutritional status, and clinical outcome of patients with NSCLC. Patients with metastatic NSCLC referred for first-line therapy were eligible. Baseline IL-8 levels were measured in plasma. The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) was used for the evaluation of the nutritional status, and patients were classified into 3 groups: A (score 24-30) "well nourished," B (score 17-23.5) "risk of malnutrition," and C (0-16.5) "malnourishment." Response to first-line chemotherapy, time-to-tumor progression (TTP), and overall survival (OS) were also recorded. In total, 114 patients (101 males, 88.5%; mean age = 67.5 yr) were evaluated. Performance status was 0-1 in 62% of the patients. According to the MNA, the majority of patients (71%) was either at nutritional risk or malnourished. IL-8 levels were significantly different between MNA groups (P = 0.023) and correlated with TTP (P = 0.013) and OS (P = 0.001) in univariate analysis. Baseline IL-8 levels correlate with the nutritional status of patients with metastatic NSCLC, suggesting that this cytokine may be related with cachexia.
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Morita R, Sato K, Nakano M, Miura H, Odaka H, Nobori K, Kosaka T, Sano M, Watanabe H, Shioya T, Ito H. Endothelial progenitor cells are associated with response to chemotherapy in human non-small-cell lung cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2011; 137:1849-57. [PMID: 21927909 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-011-1043-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play an important role in angiogenesis and tumor growth. However, the clinical relevance of EPCs in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear. Recently, some reports suggested that EPCs correlate with clinical behavior of cancer patients. We assessed the hypothesis that EPCs correlate with efficient of therapy, prognosis, and clinicopathological factors, and EPCs may offer a possible biomarker for treatment outcome in NSCLC. METHODS EPCs labeled with CD34, CD133, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) antibodies were counted by flow cytometry in the peripheral blood of 31 NSCLC patients. We categorized two groups of NSCLC patients according to circulating EPC numbers. We examined age, pathological stage, histological type, Fluoro-D: -glucose Positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), response to therapy, progression-free survival, and tumor size of NSCLC patients and investigated whether these factors correlate with EPC counts. RESULTS Circulating EPC numbers before antitumor therapy were increased in NSCLC patients compared with healthy controls (P < 0.05). In NSCLC patients, therapy was significantly effective in low circulating EPC group compared with that of high (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the low EPC group showed significantly longer progression-free survival times than that of high (P < 0.05). However, no significant associations with age, gender, histological type, pathological stage, or FDG-PET were detected. CONCLUSION Peripheral blood levels of bone marrow-derived EPCs are significantly increased in patients with NSCLC and correlate with response to chemotherapy. EPCs may offer a possible biomarker for efficient of treatment and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Morita
- Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Hondo 1-1-1, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
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Chien MH, Yeh CB, Li YC, Wei LH, Chang JH, Peng YT, Yang SF, Kuo WH. Relationship of interleukin-8 gene polymorphisms with hepatocellular carcinoma susceptibility and pathological development. J Surg Oncol 2011; 104:798-803. [PMID: 21780129 DOI: 10.1002/jso.22037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent malignant neoplasms worldwide, and the second leading cause of death from cancer in Taiwan. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is an angiogenic chemokine with important roles in the development and progression of many human malignancies including HCC. This study investigates the effects of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL-8 gene on the susceptibility and clinicopathological characteristics of HCC. METHODS One hundred thirty-one HCC patients and 340 control subjects were analyzed for four IL-8 SNPs (-251 T/A, +781 C/T, +1633 C/T, and +2767 A/T) using PCR-RFLP genotyping analysis. RESULTS After adjusting for other confounders, results show that individuals with the IL-8 +781 T/T polymorphic genotype had a significantly lower risk of developing HCC than those with the wild-type (C/C) genotype (AOR = 0.346; 95% CI: 0.132-0.909). Multiple regression analysis showed that the presence of T/A or A/A at IL-8 -251 may indicate higher potential risk of hepatitis B infection (AOR = 2.847; 95% CI: 1.083-8.656). Additionally, these four IL-8 SNPs did not associate with liver-related clinicopathological markers in serum. CONCLUSIONS Genetic polymorphism at IL-8 +781 is an important factor in determining susceptibility to HCC in the Taiwanese population.
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Carpagnano GE, Palladino GP, Lacedonia D, Koutelou A, Orlando S, Foschino-Barbaro MP. Neutrophilic airways inflammation in lung cancer: the role of exhaled LTB-4 and IL-8. BMC Cancer 2011; 11:226. [PMID: 21649887 PMCID: PMC3130703 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent advances in lung cancer biology presuppose its inflammatory origin. In this regard, LTB-4 and IL-8 are recognized to play a crucial role in neutrophil recruitment into airways during lung cancer.Notwithstanding the intriguing hypothesis, the exact role of neutrophilic inflammation in tumour biology remains complex and not completely known.The aim of this study was to give our contribution in this field by investigating LTB-4 and IL-8 in the breath condensate of NSCLC patients and verifying their role in cancer development and progression. METHOD We enrolled 50 NSCLC patients and 35 controls. LTB-4 and IL-8 concentrations were measured in the breath condensate and the blood of all the subjects under study using EIA kits. Thirty NSCLC patients and ten controls underwent induced sputum collection and analysis. RESULTS LTB-4 and IL-8 resulted higher in breath condensate and the blood of NSCLC patients compared to controls. Significantly higher concentrations were found as the cancer stages progressed. A positive correlation was observed between exhaled IL-8 and LTB-4 and the percentage of neutrophils in the induced sputum. CONCLUSION The high concentrations of exhaled LTB-4 and IL-8 showed the presence of a neutrophilic inflammation in the airways of NSCLC patients and gave a further support to the inflammatory signalling in lung cancer. These exhaled proteins could represent a suitable non-invasive marker in the diagnosis and monitoring of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna E Carpagnano
- Department of Medical and Occupational Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Disease, University of Foggia, Via degli Aviatori 1, Foggia 71100, Italy.
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Evaluating rational non-cross-resistant combination therapy in advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma: combined mTOR and AKT inhibitor therapy. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2011; 69:185-94. [PMID: 21644050 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-011-1684-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 05/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a regulator of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF), is an established therapy for advanced renal cell cancer (RCC). Inhibition of mTOR results in compensatory AKT activation, a likely resistance mechanism. We evaluated whether addition of the Akt inhibitor perifosine to the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin would synergistically inhibit RCC. METHODS Select RCC cell lines were studied [786-O, A498 (VHL mutant), CAKI-1 (VHL wild type), and 769-P (VHL methylated)] with single agent and combination therapy. Growth inhibition was assessed by MTT and cell cycling by flow cytometry. Phospho-AKT (S473) and HIF-2α were assessed by Western blot. Total RNA was isolated from 786-O cells subjected to single agent and combination treatments. In these cells, genome-wide expression profiles were assessed, and real-time PCR was used to confirm a limited set of expression results. RESULTS Three out of four cell lines (CAKI-1, 769-P, and 786-O) were sensitive to single-agent perifosine with 50% inhibitory concentrations ranging from 5 to 10 μM. Perifosine blocked phosphorylation of AKT induced by rapamycin and inhibited HIF-2α expression in 786-O and CAKI-1. Combined treatment resulted in sub-additive growth inhibition. GeneChip analysis and pathway modeling revealed inhibition of the IL-8 pathway by these agents, concomitant with up-regulation of the KLF2 gene, a known suppressor of HIF1α. CONCLUSIONS Perifosine is active in select RCC lines, abrogating the induction of AKT phosphorylation mediated by mTOR inhibition. Combined mTOR and AKT inhibition resulted in the modulation of pro-angiogenesis pathways, providing a basis for future investigations.
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Liu Z, Xu S, Xiao N, Song C, Zhang H, Li F. [Overexpression of IL-8 and MMP-9 confer high malignant phenotype in patients with non-small cell lung cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2010; 13:795-802. [PMID: 20704821 PMCID: PMC6000553 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2010.08.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
背景与目的 白细胞介素-8(interleukin-8, IL-8)曾被认为是一种具有趋化作用的炎症因子,近年的研究认为它和基质金属蛋白酶-9(matrix metalloproteinase-9, MMP-9)均为与肿瘤生长和转移密切相关的细胞因子,本研究通过检测IL-8、MMP-9在非小细胞肺癌患者组织和血清中的表达,研究二者与临床病理特征之间的联系,分析肺癌组织和血清中IL-8、MMP-9表达的相关性,并探讨IL-8、MMP-9作为肿瘤标志物评估非小细胞肺癌患者病情进展程度的效能。 方法 应用酶联免疫吸附实验(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA)检测141例非小细胞肺癌患者、40例健康人和40例肺良性疾病患者血清中IL-8、MMP-9的水平。采用免疫组化SP法检测95例非小细胞肺癌、21例良性疾病肺组织及25例正常肺组织中IL-8和MMP-9的表达。 结果 IL-8、MMP-9在非小细胞肺癌患者血清和组织的表达水平明显高于肺良性疾病对照组和健康对照组,其差异有统计学意义,且随着临床病理分期的升高而升高。在肺癌患者组织和血清中,IL-8与淋巴转移均有较强的相关性,在肺癌组织中IL-8和MMP-9的表达具有很强的相关性(r=0.765)。 结论 IL-8、MMP-9表达水平与非小细胞肺癌的进展密切相关,特别是IL-8与肺癌的淋巴转移具有明显的相关性,其机制可能是通过上调MMP-9实现的。
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidong Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, China
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Gao LB, Pan XM, Jia J, Liang WB, Rao L, Xue H, Zhu Y, Li SL, Lv ML, Deng W, Chen TY, Wei YG, Zhang L. IL-8 -251A/T polymorphism is associated with decreased cancer risk among population-based studies: evidence from a meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer 2010; 46:1333-43. [PMID: 20400292 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2010.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2009] [Revised: 03/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/15/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that interleukin-8 (IL-8) play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of cancer through the modulation of tumour immune response or enhanced angiogenesis. A single nucleotide polymorphism, -251A/T, has been identified in the promoter region of the IL-8 gene and has been shown to influence its production. Results from previous studies on the association of -251A/T polymorphism with different cancer types remained contradictory. To assess the effect of -251A/T of IL-8 on cancer susceptibility, we conducted a meta-analysis, up to May 2009, of 14,876 cases with different cancer types and 18,465 controls from 45 published case-control studies. Summary odds ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for IL-8 polymorphism and cancer were estimated using fixed- and random-effects models when appropriate. The AA/AT genotypes were associated with a significantly increased risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma when compared with TT genotype (OR=1.48; 95% CI, 1.16-1.89). Moreover, significantly elevated risks were observed in 'other cancers', and also in African population when population is concerned. Interestingly, when stratified separately by population-based studies and hospital-based studies, significantly elevated risk was found among hospital-based studies (OR=1.21, 95% CI, 1.07-1.37), whereas significantly decreased risk was found among population-based studies (OR=0.90, 95% CI, 0.83-0.97). This meta-analysis shows that IL-8 -251A/T polymorphism may play a complex role in cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Bo Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
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Bircan A, Bircan S, Kapucuoglu N, Songur N, Ozturk O, Akkaya A. Maspin, VEGF and p53 expression in small biopsies of primary advanced lung cancer and relationship with clinicopathologic parameters. Pathol Oncol Res 2010; 16:553-61. [PMID: 20349288 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-010-9259-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2009] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Maspin, one of the serine protease inhibitors, has been shown to inhibit tumor progression and metastasis. We aimed to investigate maspin, p53 and VEGF expression in patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), adenocarcinoma (AC) and small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). The study included 28 SCC, 18AC, 17 SCLC biopsy samples. We used the streptavidin biotin immunoperoxidase method to test for maspin, p53 and VEGF antibodies. Medical records of these patients were reviewed from archival files. Cytoplasmic maspin expression was detected in 89.3%, 77.8%, 52.9% of SCC, AC and SCLC, respectively. The rate was significantly higher in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and SCC than SCLC (p = 0.013, p = 0.021, respectively). The mean percentages of maspin expression were significantly higher in NSCLC, SCC and AC than in SCLC (p = 0.0001, p = 0.0001, p = 0.038, respectively). In ACs, maspin and p53 expressions were correlated, although this was not statistically significant (p = 0.053, r = 0.464), and maspin positive cases had a significantly higher T status compared to negative cases (p = 0.036). In SCC, the stage of disease was positively correlated with p53 (p = 0.007, r = 0.536) and negatively correlated with VEGF expression (p = 0.013, r = -0.498). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that stage of disease was a significant independent prognostic parameter in NSCLC (95% confidence interval: 1.067-3.969; p = 0.031). Although maspin expression is higher in SCC and AC, and is related with higher T status in AC, our data did not indicate its prognostic significance. Larger scale studies are needed to reveal the exact role of maspin in lung cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Bircan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260 Cunur, Isparta, Turkey.
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Rotondo R, Barisione G, Mastracci L, Grossi F, Orengo AM, Costa R, Truini M, Fabbi M, Ferrini S, Barbieri O. IL-8 induces exocytosis of arginase 1 by neutrophil polymorphonuclears in nonsmall cell lung cancer. Int J Cancer 2009; 125:887-893. [PMID: 19431148 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Arginase 1 (ARG1) inhibits T-cell proliferation by degrading extracellular arginine, which results in decreased responsiveness of T cells to CD3/TCR stimulation. In humans, ARG1 is stored in inactive form within granules of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and gets activated on release. We studied the role of PMNs-related ARG1 activity in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSLC), in which tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes showed reduced proliferation in response to CD3/TCR triggering. Patients with NSCLC had increased ARG1 plasma levels as compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry showed that tumor-infiltrating PMNs display reduced intracellular ARG1, in comparison to intravascular or peritumoral PMNs, suggesting a role of tumor microenvironment in ARG1 release. Indeed, supernatants of NSCLC cell lines induced exocytosis of ARG1 from PMNs. All (4/4) NSCLC cell lines and all (7/7) CD14- cell samples from NSCLC expressed interleukin (IL)-8 mRNA, whereas TNFalpha mRNA was expressed by 1 cell line and by 2 tumor specimens. Furthermore, all NSCLC cell lines secreted immunoreactive IL-8, albeit at different levels. IL-8 was as effective as TNFalpha in triggering ARG1 release and the 2 cytokines acted synergistically. Secreted ARG1 was biologically active and catabolized extracellular arginine. The supernatant of IL-8 gene-silenced NSCLC cells did not mediate ARG1 release by PMNs. Altogether these findings demonstrate a role of IL-8 in ARG1 exocytosis by PMNs and indicate that, due at least in part to IL-8 secreted by NSCLC cells, PMNs infiltrating NSCLC release ARG1. This phenomenon could contribute to local immune suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Rotondo
- Department of Translational Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
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Sorrentino C, Di Carlo E. Expression of IL-32 in human lung cancer is related to the histotype and metastatic phenotype. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 180:769-79. [PMID: 19628777 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200903-0400oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE A strong link has been recently demonstrated between inflammation and lung cancer. Thus, we investigated whether the proinflammatory cytokine IL-32 may be involved in lung carcinogenesis and hence provide a novel therapeutic target. OBJECTIVES Lung cancer subtypes display different clinical outcomes. We have set out to clarify the role of IL-32 in the physiopathology of the main histotypes. METHODS IL-32 expression, as visualized by immunohistochemistry on 23 premalignant and 148 malignant lesions, was correlated with clinicopathological and survival data. Confocal microscopy, microdissection, and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were used to identify cell sources and expression levels of IL-32. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS IL-32 expression was lacking in the majority of squamous-cell carcinomas (SCC) (76%) and their precursor lesions, but strongly up-regulated in most adenocarcinomas (AC) (73%) and their precursors, 64% of large-cell carcinomas, and 77% of small-cell lung cancers. Lymph node metastases frequently developed from IL-32-expressing lung cancers, and especially (82%) from those endowed with an IL-32-expressing leukocyte infiltrate (TIL) mainly composed of CD68(+) macrophages, CD4(+) T lymphocytes, and DC-SIGN(+) dendritic cells. Expression levels of IL-32 by both TIL and tumor cells (TC), particularly in AC and SCC, were paralleled by those of IL-6, IL-8, and vascular endothelial growth factor in the same cell population and correlated with high intratumor microvessel density and poor clinical outcome. CONCLUSIONS IL-32 is probably implicated in the pathogenesis of most lung cancer histotypes but unlikely in that of SCC. Its TIL and TC expression are both associated with acquisition of an invasive and metastatic phenotype and may be a useful prognostic indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Sorrentino
- Department of Oncology and Neurosciences, Anatomic Pathology Section, G. d'Annunzio University, Italy.
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Tsai-Turton M, Santillan A, Lu D, Bristow RE, Chan KC, Shih IM, Roden RBS. p53 autoantibodies, cytokine levels and ovarian carcinogenesis. Gynecol Oncol 2009; 114:12-7. [PMID: 19398128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2009.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2009] [Revised: 03/20/2009] [Accepted: 03/26/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To address the hypothesis that type II ovarian carcinoma, mutation of p53 and plasma levels of particular cytokines are associated with the generation of p53-specific serum autoantibody (AAb) responses in patients. METHODS Levels of CA125, 17 cytokines and AAbs to tumor-associated antigens including p53 were measured in plasma of 130 gynecologic tumor patients and 84 healthy controls. TP53 exons 4-9 were sequenced in tumor specimens. RESULTS p53 AAbs are associated with high grade, but not low grade ovarian carcinoma. Seropositivity for p53 AAb occurred only in those ovarian carcinoma patients whose tumors contained mutated TP53, regardless of the exon targeted. Higher p53 AAb levels were detected in ovarian carcinoma patients who had higher stage disease, but p53 AAb levels were not correlated with CA125 levels. Among high-grade carcinoma patients, there was no relationship between p53 AAb seropositivity and seropositivity to other tumor-associated antigens tested, CA125 level or survival outcome. Both high and low grade ovarian carcinoma patients exhibited elevated levels of IL6, IL8 and IL10 as compared to healthy volunteers, although increased levels of IL5, MCP1, MIP1 and TNFalpha were associated only with high grade and advanced disease. Higher levels of p53AAb responses were correlated with elevated circulating IL4 and IL12, but reduced IL8 levels. CONCLUSION Type II, but not type I, ovarian carcinoma patients had elevated serum levels of p53 AAb. P53 AAb is associated with mutation of TP53, higher plasma IL4 and IL12 but lower plasma IL8 levels and no survival advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyun Tsai-Turton
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Hsu IL, Su WC, Yan JJ, Chang JM, Lai WW. Angiogenetic biomarkers in non-small cell lung cancer with malignant pleural effusion: correlations with patient survival and pleural effusion control. Lung Cancer 2009; 65:371-6. [PMID: 19157636 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2008.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2008] [Revised: 11/21/2008] [Accepted: 12/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate how the angiogenetic biomarkers vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in the fluid of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with malignant pleural effusion (MPE) correlate with patient survival and pleural effusion control. DESIGN Prospective study. PATIENTS AND METHODS From April 1, 1998 to April 30, 2005, we used thoracoscopic biopsy to collect pleural specimens and pleural effusion from 97 patients with NSCLC and MPE. Paired blood samples were harvested. We used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to evaluate levels of angiogenic factors in MPE and blood, and immunohistochemical staining to evaluate them in pleural specimens. Related data, such as patient survival and PE control, were collected for correlation analysis. RESULTS Smoking and PE VEGF >1350 ng/mL were both significant negative predictors of patient survival. A trapped lung was the only significant factor for poor PE control. The serum level, the amount of PE, and the number of red blood cells in PE correlated well with PE VEGF level. Immunohistochemical staining of pleural samples showed that VEGF was secreted by both mesothelial and tumor cells. The level of PE IL-8 weakly correlated with PE VEGF, and the level of bFGF was not significant. CONCLUSIONS PE VEGF was a useful angiogenetic factor for the amount of fluid in patients with NSCLC and MPE. In addition to smoking, PE VEGF >1350 ng/mL was a significant negative predictor of patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Lin Hsu
- Department of Emergency, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Millar HJ, Nemeth JA, McCabe FL, Pikounis B, Wickstrom E. Circulating human interleukin-8 as an indicator of cancer progression in a nude rat orthotopic human non-small cell lung carcinoma model. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008; 17:2180-7. [PMID: 18708412 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-07-2915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinically relevant animal models of human cancer are necessary for the evaluation of putative therapeutics. We hypothesized that circulating human lung cancer-associated proteins would correlate with physiologic measurements from an orthotopic H460 human non-small cell lung carcinoma model that we developed in immunodeficient rats. Physiologic measurements and serum samples were collected over time. Serum interleukin-8 (IL-8), p53, vascular endothelial growth factor, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 were quantitated for correlation with physiologic measurements. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 and p53 were not significantly detectable. Circulating vascular endothelial growth factor was detected at high levels in some tumor-bearing animals. Human IL-8 was detectable in all tumor-bearing animals and correlated positively with markers of respiratory acidosis (pH, P = 0.012; TCO(2), P = 0.024; pCO(2), P = 0.007; and HCO(3)(-), P = 0.029) and with surface body temperature (P = 0.001) beginning on day 16 after implantation. IL-8 levels negatively correlated with survival (P < 0.001), indicating an association with tumor burden. Circulating human IL-8 might be a useful, clinically relevant circulating tumor protein marker due to its positive correlation with multiple physiologic variables associated with lung cancer progression.
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Boost KA, Sadik CD, Bachmann M, Zwissler B, Pfeilschifter J, Mühl H. IFN-gamma impairs release of IL-8 by IL-1beta-stimulated A549 lung carcinoma cells. BMC Cancer 2008; 8:265. [PMID: 18801189 PMCID: PMC2556346 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-8-265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2008] [Accepted: 09/18/2008] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Production of interferon (IFN)-gamma is key to efficient anti-tumor immunity. The present study was set out to investigate effects of IFNgamma on the release of the potent pro-angiogenic mediator IL-8 by human A549 lung carcinoma cells. METHODS A549 cells were cultured and stimulated with interleukin (IL)-1beta alone or in combination with IFNgamma. IL-8 production by these cells was analyzed with enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA). mRNA-expression was analyzed by real-time PCR and RNase protection assay (RPA), respectively. Expression of inhibitor-kappa Balpha, cellular IL-8, and cyclooxygenase-2 was analyzed by Western blot analysis. RESULTS Here we demonstrate that IFNgamma efficiently reduced IL-8 secretion under the influence of IL-1beta. Surprisingly, real-time PCR analysis and RPA revealed that the inhibitory effect of IFNgamma on IL-8 was not associated with significant changes in mRNA levels. These observations concurred with lack of a modulatory activity of IFNgamma on IL-1beta-induced NF-kappaB activation as assessed by cellular IkappaB levels. Moreover, analysis of intracellular IL-8 suggests that IFNgamma modulated IL-8 secretion by action on the posttranslational level. In contrast to IL-8, IL-1beta-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression and release of IL-6 were not affected by IFNgamma indicating that modulation of IL-1beta action by this cytokine displays specificity. CONCLUSION Data presented herein agree with an angiostatic role of IFNgamma as seen in rodent models of solid tumors and suggest that increasing T helper type 1 (Th1)-like functions in lung cancer patients e.g. by local delivery of IFNgamma may mediate therapeutic benefit via mechanisms that potentially include modulation of pro-angiogenic IL-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim A Boost
- Klinik für Anaesthesiologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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Krzystek-Korpacka M, Matusiewicz M, Diakowska D, Grabowski K, Blachut K, Konieczny D, Kustrzeba-Wojcicka I, Terlecki G, Banas T. Elevation of circulating interleukin-8 is related to lymph node and distant metastases in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas--implication for clinical evaluation of cancer patient. Cytokine 2008; 41:232-9. [PMID: 18182303 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2007.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2007] [Revised: 10/17/2007] [Accepted: 11/26/2007] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The presence of lymph node metastasis (LNM) is an important factor in clinical evaluation of esophageal cancer patients. Biological markers able to support detection of metastatic lymph nodes are sought after. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is overexpressed by many cancers and involved in cancer dissemination. We investigated the relationship between circulating IL-8 and clinicopathological features of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and evaluated the diagnostic potential of IL-8, with reference to the key angiogenic and lymphangiogenic factors: vascular endothelial growth factors A and C (VEGF-A and VEGF-C). We found elevated IL-8 levels in ESCC patients, correlated with tumor size and cancer dissemination, especially LNM. Circulating IL-8 correlated with lymphangiogenic VEGF-C rather then angiogenic VEGF-A. The association weakened in metastatic cancers, suggesting divergent mechanism of IL-8 involvement in the dissemination process. The cytokine levels correlated with platelets and neutrophils, pointing at these cells as possible sources of circulating IL-8. We demonstrated IL-8 that positively correlated with inflammation status of ESCC patients. Circulating IL-8 was a better indicator of ESCC dissemination than VEGF-A or VEGF-C. Yet, the detection rates were not satisfactory enough to allow for the recommendation of IL-8 determination as an adjunct to the clinical evaluation of lymph node involvement in ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Krzystek-Korpacka
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Silesian Piasts University of Medicine, ul. Chalubinskiego 10, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Groskreutz DJ, Monick MM, Yarovinsky TO, Powers LS, Quelle DE, Varga SM, Look DC, Hunninghake GW. Respiratory syncytial virus decreases p53 protein to prolong survival of airway epithelial cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:2741-7. [PMID: 17709487 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.5.2741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a clinically important pathogen. It preferentially infects airway epithelial cells causing bronchiolitis in infants, exacerbations in patients with obstructive lung disease, and life-threatening pneumonia in the immunosuppressed. The p53 protein is a tumor suppressor protein that promotes apoptosis and is tightly regulated for optimal cell growth and survival. A critical negative regulator of p53 is murine double minute 2 (Mdm2), an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets p53 for proteasome degradation. Mdm2 is activated by phospho-Akt, and we previously showed that RSV activates Akt and delays apoptosis in primary human airway epithelial cells. In this study, we explore further the mechanism by which RSV regulates p53 to delay apoptosis but paradoxically enhance inflammation. We found that RSV activates Mdm2 1-6 h after infection resulting in a decrease in p53 6-24 h after infection. The p53 down-regulation correlates with increased airway epithelial cell longevity. Importantly, inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway blocks the activation of Mdm2 by RSV and preserves the p53 response. The effects of RSV infection are antagonized by Nutlin-3, a specific chemical inhibitor that prevents the Mdm2/p53 association. Nutlin-3 treatment increases endogenous p53 expression in RSV infected cells, causing earlier cell death. This same increase in p53 enhances viral replication and limits the inflammatory response as measured by IL-6 protein. These findings reveal that RSV decreases p53 by enhancing Akt/Mdm2-mediated p53 degradation, thereby delaying apoptosis and prolonging survival of airway epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayna J Groskreutz
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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Ben Nasr H, Chahed K, Mestiri S, Bouaouina N, Snoussi K, Chouchane L. Association of IL-8 (−251)T/A polymorphism with susceptibility to and aggressiveness of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Hum Immunol 2007; 68:761-9. [PMID: 17869651 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2007.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2007] [Revised: 06/04/2007] [Accepted: 06/19/2007] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is an angiogenic chemokine that plays a potent role in both development and progression of many human malignancies including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In the present study, we evaluated the susceptibility and prognostic implications of the (-251) T/A genetic variation in IL-8 in NPC. We used the allele-specific polymerase chain reaction to characterize the variation of the IL-8 promoter region for 160 unrelated Tunisian patients with NPC and 169 healthy control subjects. There was a significant association between the homozygotes IL-8 (-251) AA genotype and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (OR = 2.46; P = 0.004). The presence of the IL-8 (-251) AA genotype was highly associated with elevated NPC risk for male patients. A significant association was demonstrated between the IL-8 (-251) AA genotype and the aggressive forms of NPC as defined by large tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and advanced stages. Moreover, the presence of the IL-8 (-251) AA genotype indicated a significant association with decreased overall survival. Our findings suggest that the IL-8 promoter polymorphism is associated with increased nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk, particularly in males, as well as disease progress, supporting our hypothesis for IL-8 involvement in NPC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hela Ben Nasr
- Laboratoire d'Immuno-Oncologie Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
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Wei YS, Lan Y, Tang RG, Xu QQ, Huang Y, Nong HB, Huang WT. Single nucleotide polymorphism and haplotype association of the interleukin-8 gene with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Clin Immunol 2007; 125:309-17. [PMID: 17720627 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2007.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2007] [Revised: 07/20/2007] [Accepted: 07/26/2007] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The cytokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) may play a role in the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) through the modulation of tumor immune response or enhanced angiogenesis. Polymorphism of IL-8 gene, which may affect the production level of cytokine, has been inversely associated with a number of cancers. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the relationship of IL-8 gene polymorphisms and NPC in a Chinese population. We analyzed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IL-8 gene -845 T/C, -738 T/A, -353 A/T, -251 A/T and +678 T/C in 280 patients with NPC and 290 age and sex matched controls, using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primers method (PCR-SSP). There were significant differences in the genotype and allele distribution of -251 A/T polymorphism of the IL-8 gene among cases and controls. The -251 AA and AT genotypes were associated with a significantly increased risk of NPC as compared with the -251 TT genotypes (OR=1.820, 95% CI, 1.120-2.959, P=0.015 and OR=1.590, 95% CI, 1.104-2.290, P=0.013, respectively). Haplotype analysis revealed that the homozygosity of the AAT haplotype (defined by SNPs at positions -353, -251 and +678) of IL-8 gene conveys the highest risk for NPC compared with the homozygosity for the TTC haplotype (OR=1.396; 95% CI, 1.064-1.831; P=0.016). The -251 A/T polymorphism of IL-8 and its haplotype are associated with NPC in a Chinese population. Our data suggests that IL-8 gene may play a role in the development of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Sheng Wei
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China.
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Angelo LS, Kurzrock R. Vascular endothelial growth factor and its relationship to inflammatory mediators. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:2825-30. [PMID: 17504979 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-2416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation occurs in response to host injury or infection, as the result of an autoimmune disease, or in response to the development of a tumor. Although the immune system may be helpful in fighting the tumor, it may also fuel the tumorigenic process. In fact, recent data suggest a strong link between chronic inflammation, angiogenesis, and the development of cancer. For example, inflammation and scarring caused by recurring infections with Mycobacterium tuberculosis may be a cause for cancers of the lung. Inflammatory breast cancer exhibits increased angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis and has a higher metastatic potential than noninflammatory breast cancer. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been proposed as preventives for the development of colon carcinoma and ovarian cancer. Inhibition of nuclear factor-kappaB contributes to the proposed mechanism of action. Inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6, serve as autocrine and paracrine growth factors for several cancers, and high levels of these cytokines may correlate with a poor prognosis and increased production of angiogenic factors. The state of the art of our understanding of this critical interaction is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura S Angelo
- Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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