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Boeira LS, Cád SV, Bezerra JA, Benavente CT, Neta MTSL, Sandes RDD, Narain N. Development of alcohol vinegars macerated with ACAI (Euterpe precatoria Mart.) berries and their quality evaluations with emphasis on color, antioxidant capacity, and volatiles profile. J Food Sci 2023; 88:666-680. [PMID: 36617682 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the Amazonian native acai fruit, a superfruit recognized worldwide, was used through a simple operation of maceration in alcohol vinegar to transform it into an attractive and functional product containing the acai natural colorant and its bioactive compounds. The variables studied were the proportion of alcohol vinegar to acai (8:2 and 1:1) and maceration period (7, 14, and 21 days). The final vinegar was subjected to the determination of color parameters, antioxidant capacity (DPPH, ABTS), total phenolics content (TPC), volatile compounds extracted by stir bar sorptive extraction and identified by gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The alcohol vinegars macerated with acai presented the color according to the content of acai added and maceration period employed, whereas antioxidant capacity and TPC were comparable to vinegars elaborated from fruits and red wine. Sixty volatiles compounds classified into five chemical groups were identified. The principal volatile compounds which contributed to the aroma in the products were 3-methyl-1-butanol, phenylethyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, o-cymene, p-cymenene, isoamyl acetate, and ethyl acetate. The most attractive product regarding the parameters studied was obtained from the use of the proportion of 1:1 of alcohol vinegar:acai and maceration period of 14 days. This product retained the most similar color to acai in natura, the highest values for antioxidant capacity measured by ABTS and TPC while being rich in volatile compounds due to the contributions mainly of alcohols, esters, aldehydes, and terpenes. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This work demonstrates the feasibility to produce an alcohol vinegar with an attractive color and functional properties by the addition of acai resulting in to a wide spectrum of chemical compounds of acai through a very simple operation of maceration during 14 days of a proportion of 1:1 of alcohol vinegar:acai.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lúcia S Boeira
- Institute Federal of Education, Science and Technology of Amazonas (IFAM), Campus Manaus Centro (CMC), Department of Chemistry, Environment and Food, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Sandra V Cád
- Institute Federal of Education, Science and Technology of Amazonas (IFAM), Campus Manaus Centro (CMC), Department of Chemistry, Environment and Food, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline A Bezerra
- Institute Federal of Education, Science and Technology of Amazonas (IFAM), Campus Manaus Centro (CMC), Department of Chemistry, Environment and Food, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - César T Benavente
- National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Maria Terezinha S L Neta
- Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Laboratory of Flavor and Chromatographic Analysis, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Rafael Donizete Dutra Sandes
- Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Laboratory of Flavor and Chromatographic Analysis, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Narendra Narain
- Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Laboratory of Flavor and Chromatographic Analysis, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
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Benarous L, Benarous K, Muhammad G, Ali Z. Deep learning application detecting SARS-CoV-2 key enzymes inhibitors. CLUSTER COMPUTING 2023; 26:1169-1180. [PMID: 35874186 PMCID: PMC9295888 DOI: 10.1007/s10586-022-03656-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The fast spread of the COVID-19 over the world pressured scientists to find its cures. Especially, with the disastrous results, it engendered from human life losses to long-term impacts on infected people's health and the huge financial losses. In addition to the massive efforts made by researchers and medicals on finding safe, smart, fast, and efficient methods to accurately make an early diagnosis of the COVID-19. Some researchers focused on finding drugs to treat the disease and its symptoms, others worked on creating effective vaccines, while several concentrated on finding inhibitors for the key enzymes of the virus, to reduce its spreading and reproduction inside the human body. These enzymes' inhibitors are usually found in aliments, plants, fungi, or even in some drugs. Since these inhibitors slow and halt the replication of the virus in the human body, they can help fight it at an early stage saving the patient from death risk. Moreover, if the human body's immune system gets rid of the virus at the early stage it can be spared from the disastrous sequels it may leave inside the patient's body. Our research aims to find aliments and plants that are rich in these inhibitors. In this paper, we developed a deep learning application that is trained with various aliments, plants, and drugs to detect if a component contains SARS-CoV-2 key inhibitor(s) intending to help them find more sources containing these inhibitors. The application is trained to identify various sources rich in thirteen coronavirus-2 key inhibitors. The sources are currently just aliments, plants, and seeds and the identification is done by their names.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Benarous
- LIM Laboratory (Laboratoire d’informatique Et de Mathématique), Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, University of Amar Telidji, Laghouat, Algeria
- LISSI-Tinc-NET Laboratory, University of Paris-Est Creteil, 94400 Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Khedidja Benarous
- Science Fundamental Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Amar Telidji, Laghouat, Algeria
| | - Ghulam Muhammad
- Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11543 Saudi Arabia
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ UK
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Yuan Y, Tian Y, Gao S, Zhang X, Gao X, He J. Effects of environmental factors and fermentation on red raspberry anthocyanins stability. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Sustainable Green Processing of Grape Pomace Using Micellar Extraction for the Production of Value-Added Hygiene Cosmetics. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082444. [PMID: 35458642 PMCID: PMC9025557 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study sought to evaluate the possibility of using grape pomace, a waste material from wine production, for the preparation of cosmetic components. Following the existing clear research trend related to improving the safety of cleansing cosmetics, an attempt was made to determine the possibility of preparing model shower gels based on grape pomace extract. A new method for producing cosmetic components named loan chemical extraction (LCE) was developed and is described for the first time in this paper. In the LCE method, an extraction medium consisting only of the components from the final product was used. Thus, there were no additional substances in the cosmetics developed, and the formulation was significantly enriched with compounds isolated from grape pomace. Samples of the model shower gels produced were evaluated in terms of their basic parameters related to functionality (e.g., foaming properties, rheological characteristics, color) and their effect on the skin. The results obtained showed that the extracts based on waste grape pomace contained a number of valuable cosmetic compounds (e.g., organic acids, phenolic compounds, amino acids and sugars), and the model products basis on them provided colorful and safe natural cosmetics.
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Méndez Lagunas LL, García Rojas DA, Andrés Grau AM, Barriada Bernal LG, Rodríguez Ramírez J. Content and bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds in blue corn products and tortillas using traditional and ecological nixtamalization. Int J Gastron Food Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgfs.2021.100443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Abstract
Rapeseed (Brassica napus) is one of the most important oil crops worldwide. However, an intriguing new use for rapeseed has recently developed: as an ornamental. Tourism based on blossoming fields of these yellow flowers has become a new economic growth opportunity in China. From a breeding perspective, two main problems currently limit the potential of rapeseed as an ornamental. First, the flowering period is quite short (30 days on average), which limits economic income; second, the flower color in commercial cultivars is currently limited to bright yellow, which may pall quickly for sightseers. This review summarizes the possible problems of using rapeseed as an ornamental, and details factors affecting the flowering period, how the flowering period can be prolonged by integrating optimal cultivation measures or/and spraying with chemical reagents, and ways of creating and breeding rapeseed with diverse flower colors.
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Gonçalves LA, Lorenzo JM, Trindade MA. Fruit and Agro-Industrial Waste Extracts as Potential Antimicrobials in Meat Products: A Brief Review. Foods 2021; 10:1469. [PMID: 34201960 PMCID: PMC8306866 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of antimicrobials in meat products is essential for maintaining microbiological stability. The reformulation by substituting synthetic additives for natural ones is an alternative to provide cleaner label products. Therefore, this work performed a literature search about extracts from fruits and agro-industrial waste with antimicrobial activity that can be applied in meat products. Jabuticaba waste extracts are excellent sources of anthocyanins with antimicrobial and pigmentation potential, capable of being applied in meat products such as fresh sausage, without compromising sensory attributes. Residue from grapes is rich in antimicrobial phytochemicals, mainly catechins, epicatechins, gallic acid and procyanidins. Extracts from different grape by-products and cultivars showed inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli O157: H7 and other bacterial strains. Antimicrobial effects against L. monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, S. aureus and E. coli O157: H7 were identified in Opuntia extracts. In addition, its application in hamburgers reduced (p < 0.05) aerobic mesophilic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas sp. counts, and at a concentration of 2.5%, improved the microbiological stability of salami without causing sensory and texture changes. These data reinforce the possibility of substituting synthetic preservatives for natural versions, a growing trend that requires researching effective concentrations to maintain the sensory and technological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Aline Gonçalves
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, Pirassununga 13635-90, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - José M. Lorenzo
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidad de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain;
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Rúa Galicia N-4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
| | - Marco Antonio Trindade
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, Pirassununga 13635-90, São Paulo, Brazil;
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Shahidi F, Pan Y. Influence of food matrix and food processing on the chemical interaction and bioaccessibility of dietary phytochemicals: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:6421-6445. [PMID: 33787422 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1901650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of phytochemicals-rich foods shows the health effect on some chronic diseases. However, the bioaccessibility of these phytochemicals is extremely low, and they are often consumed in the diet along with the food matrix. The food matrix can be described as a complex assembly of various physical and chemical interactions that take place between the compounds present in the food. Some studies indicated that the physiological response and the health benefits of phytochemicals are resultant in these interactions. Some food substrates inhibit the absorption of phytochemicals via this interaction. Moreover, processing technologies have been developed to facilitate the release and/or to increase the accessibility of phytochemicals in plants or breakdown of the food matrix. Food processing processes may disrupt the activity of phytochemicals or reduce bioaccessibility. Enhancement of functional and sensorial attributes of phytochemicals in the daily diet may be achieved by modifying the food matrix and food processing in appropriate ways. Therefore, this review concisely elaborated on the mechanism and the influence of food matrix in different parts of the digestive tract in the human body, the chemical interaction between phytochemicals and other compounds in a food matrix, and the various food processing technologies on the bioaccessibility and chemical interaction of dietary phytochemicals. Moreover, the enhancing of phytochemical bioaccessibility through food matrix design and the positive/negative of food processing for dietary phytochemicals was also discussed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereidoon Shahidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Yao Pan
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, University of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Donoso A, Rivas C, Zamorano A, Peña Á, Handford M, Aros D. Understanding Alstroemeria pallida Flower Colour: Links between Phenotype, Anthocyanins and Gene Expression. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:plants10010055. [PMID: 33383740 PMCID: PMC7824551 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Flower colour is mainly due to the accumulation of flavonoids, carotenoids and betalains in the petals. Of these pigments, flavonoids are responsible for a wide variety of colours ranging from pale yellow (flavones, flavonols and flavanodiols) to blue-violet (anthocyanins). This character plays a crucial ecological role by attracting and guiding pollinators. Moreover, in the ornamental plants market, colour has been consistently identified as the main feature chosen by consumers when buying flowers. Considering the importance of this character, the aim of this study was to evaluate flower colour in the native Chilean geophyte Alstroemeria pallida, by using three different approaches. Firstly, the phenotype was assessed using both a colour chart and a colourimeter, obtaining CIELab parameters. Secondly, the anthocyanin content of the pigmented tepals was evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and finally, the expression of two key flavonoid genes, chalcone synthase (CHS) and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) was analysed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Visual evaluation of A. pallida flower colour identified 5 accessions, ranging from white (Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) N999D) to pink (RHS 68C). Moreover, this visual evaluation of the accessions correlated highly with the CIELab parameters obtained by colourimetry. An anthocyanidin corresponding to a putative 6-hydroxycyanidin was identified, which was least abundant in the white accession (RHS N999D). Although CHS was not expressed differentially between the accessions, the expression of ANS was significantly higher in the accession with pink flowers (RHS 68C). These results suggest a correlation between phenotype, anthocyanin content and ANS expression for determining flower colour of A. pallida, which could be of interest for further studies, especially those related to the breeding of this species with ornamental value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Donoso
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (A.D.); (C.R.); (A.Z.); (Á.P.)
| | - Constanza Rivas
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (A.D.); (C.R.); (A.Z.); (Á.P.)
| | - Alan Zamorano
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (A.D.); (C.R.); (A.Z.); (Á.P.)
| | - Álvaro Peña
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (A.D.); (C.R.); (A.Z.); (Á.P.)
| | - Michael Handford
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile;
| | - Danilo Aros
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (A.D.); (C.R.); (A.Z.); (Á.P.)
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Impact of Juice Extraction Method (Flash Détente vs. Conventional Must Heating) and Chemical Treatments on Color Stability of Rubired Juice Concentrates under Accelerated Aging Conditions. Foods 2020; 9:foods9091270. [PMID: 32927745 PMCID: PMC7554961 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Low color stability of Rubired food and beverage coloring negatively impacts color yield during production and storage while also limiting the use of this type of food colorant in applications where color stability is a key requirement. This study investigated the impact on color stability of using flash détente (FD) for Rubired color extraction in comparison to a conventional must heating (CMH) extraction process, in conjunction with the use of commercial seed tannin, acetaldehyde, or acid to lower the pH. Rubired concentrate color was evaluated under accelerated aging conditions at 50, 60, and 70 °C, over zero, three, six, and nine days for the different treatments. FD concentrate had lower color stability, with a half-life of 203.3 h and activation energy of 59.2 kJ/mol at 50 °C compared to the CMH concentrate with 233.9 h and 65.2 kJ/mol. FD concentrate generated less 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) during accelerated aging regardless of treatment. Acetaldehyde, low pH, and the combination of these two treatments increased red color stability as well as violet and brown color, whereas seed tannin had no effect. Low pH treatments increased 5-HMF formation and browning, which was detrimental to concentrate quality. Although promising in terms of color stabilization, implementation of these treatments will require development of solutions to mitigate the production of 5-HMF.
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Yang Y, Shen H, Tian Y, You Z, Guo Y. Effect of thermal pasteurization and ultraviolet treatment on the quality parameters of not-from-concentrate apple juice from different varieties. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2019.1569725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yali Yang
- Department of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Hailiang Shen
- Department of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - You Tian
- Department of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Zhe You
- Department of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Yurong Guo
- Department of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, P.R. China
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Panagopoulou EA, Chiou A, Nikolidaki EK, Christea M, Karathanos VT. Corinthian raisins (Vitis vinifera L., var. Apyrena) antioxidant and sugar content as affected by the drying process: a 3-year study. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:915-922. [PMID: 30009464 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corinthian raisins or Corinthian currants are dried grape products that account for approximately 3% of dried vine fruit production worldwide. Greece is the major Corinthian raisin producer. In this study Corinthian raisins were produced by applying two traditional drying methods, i.e. sun and shade drying. The drying process effect on the raisin phytochemical and sugar content was assessed; samples obtained over three consecutive crops were evaluated to prevail over climatic condition variations. RESULTS Total phenolic, flavanol, and anthocyanin content were higher in Corinthian raisins dried under shade as compared with the sun-dried ones; individual anthocyanidin-3-O-glucosides were also qualitatively and quantitatively higher under shade drying in most cases. Differences were observed in Corinthian raisin phytochemical content among the crop years evaluated. The drying process applied did not discriminatively affect the sugar content of Corinthian raisin. CONCLUSION Drying under shade was proven superior to sun drying with respect to Corinthian raisin phytochemicals and could be considered as an appealing drying method for the production of dried raisins and perhaps other dried fruits. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini A Panagopoulou
- Laboratory of Chemistry - Biochemistry - Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonia Chiou
- Laboratory of Chemistry - Biochemistry - Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Eirini K Nikolidaki
- Laboratory of Chemistry - Biochemistry - Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Margarita Christea
- Laboratory of Chemistry - Biochemistry - Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Vaios T Karathanos
- Laboratory of Chemistry - Biochemistry - Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
- Agricultural Cooperatives' Union of Aeghion, Aeghion, Greece
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The study of transcriptome sequencing for flower coloration in different anthesis stages of alpine ornamental herb (Meconopsis 'Lingholm'). Gene 2018; 689:220-226. [PMID: 30572099 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Meconopsis (Papaveraceae) is an interesting alpine herb, mainly distributed in the mountainous area of southwest China and high altitude zone in Tibetan-Himalaya. Different Meconopsis species showed a flower color alteration in different anthesis stages, Meconopsis 'Lingholm' is one of the localized species whose petal color changes from purple to blue during the flowering process. In general, the blue color flower is a rare kind, and usually hard to cultivate artificially. The molecular mechanism of flower color formation and color alteration of alpine flowers were reported by many research workers. To find critical genes that regulate Meconopsis 'Lingholm' color alteration and the mechanism of environmental adaptation, the current study performed transcriptome sequencing by using Meconopsis 'Lingholm' petals from different anthesis stages. There were totally 91,615 unigenes obtained from 31.4 Gb sequencing data, and differentially expressed genes between two consecutive flowering stages were obtained. Bioinformatics studies showed genes regulating petal color alteration were activated. Moreover, the functional analysis showed that Meconopsis 'Lingholm' showed a stress response to mechanical damage, non-biological stimulation and water deficiency in the bud stage, as well as showed a stress response to the cold from cracking stage to blooming stage. Furthermore, RNA-Seq results were verified using nine randomly selected genes by qPCR, which showed same expression trend with sequencing results. During this study, 20 candidate genes identified for further studies, which included five petal color related genes and 15 environmental response genes.
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Farooque S, Rose PM, Benohoud M, Blackburn RS, Rayner CM. Enhancing the Potential Exploitation of Food Waste: Extraction, Purification, and Characterization of Renewable Specialty Chemicals from Blackcurrants ( Ribes nigrum L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:12265-12273. [PMID: 30412401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural colorants were extracted from renewable botanical sources, specifically waste epicarp from the blackcurrant fruit pressing industry. A process was developed which used acidified water extraction followed by a solid-phase extraction (SPE) purification stage which allowed the production of an anthocyanin-rich extract in good yields (ca. 2% w/ w based on dry weight of raw material). The components in the extracts were extensively characterized by HPLC, mass spectrometry, IR, NMR, and UV-vis spectroscopy. HPLC confirmed presence of four anthocyanins: delphinidin-3- O-rutinoside (45%), cyanidin-3- O-rutinoside (31%), and the corresponding glucosides at 16% and 8%, respectively. On sequential liquid-liquid aqueous-organic partitioning of the post-SPE sample, monomeric anthocyanins (54.7%) and polymeric anthocyanins (18%) were found in the aqueous layer with 3- O-rutinosides of myricetin (3.1%) and quercetin (3.2%), while isopropylacetate achieved selective extraction of caffeic acid (3%), p-coumaric acid (5%), and myricetin (2.5%) and quercetin (3.2%) aglycons. 3- O-Glucosides of myricetin (3.1%) and quercetin (2%), along with nigrumin- p-coumarate (1%) and nigrumin ferulate (0.5%) were selectively extracted from the remaining aqueous fraction using ethyl acetate. This allowed for near total quantification of the blackcurrant extract composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sannia Farooque
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , United Kingdom
| | - Paul M Rose
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , United Kingdom
- Sustainable Materials Research Group, School of Design , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , United Kingdom
| | - Meryem Benohoud
- Keracol Limited , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , United Kingdom
| | - Richard S Blackburn
- Sustainable Materials Research Group, School of Design , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , United Kingdom
- Keracol Limited , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , United Kingdom
| | - Christopher M Rayner
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , United Kingdom
- Keracol Limited , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , United Kingdom
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Rose PM, Cantrill V, Benohoud M, Tidder A, Rayner CM, Blackburn RS. Application of Anthocyanins from Blackcurrant ( Ribes nigrum L.) Fruit Waste as Renewable Hair Dyes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:6790-6798. [PMID: 29808681 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
There is much concern about the toxicological effects of synthetic hair dyes. As an alternative approach, renewable waste blackcurrant ( Ribes nigrum L.) fruit skins from the fruit pressing industry were extracted using acidified water with a solid-phase purification stage. Anthocyanin colorants were isolated in good yields (2-3% w/ w) and characterized by HPLC. Sorption of anthocyanins onto hair followed a Freundlich isotherm; anthocyanin-anthocyanin aggregation interactions enabled high buildup on the substrate. Sorption energy of cyanidin-3- O-glucoside (monosaccharide) > cyanidin-3- O-rutinoside (disaccharide), but sorption properties of different anthocyanin glucosides were very similar. Intense blue-colored dyeing on hair could be achieved with λmax-vis at 580 nm, typical of the anionic quinonoid base; it is suggested that hair provides an environment that enables the stabilization of the anionic quinonoid base on adsorption through association with cations in the hair and copigmentation effects. Dyeings were stable to multiple washes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Rose
- Sustainable Materials Research Group, School of Design , University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT , United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT , United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Cantrill
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT , United Kingdom
| | - Meryem Benohoud
- Keracol Limited , University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT , United Kingdom
| | - Alenka Tidder
- Keracol Limited , University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT , United Kingdom
| | - Christopher M Rayner
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT , United Kingdom
- Keracol Limited , University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT , United Kingdom
| | - Richard S Blackburn
- Sustainable Materials Research Group, School of Design , University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT , United Kingdom
- Keracol Limited , University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT , United Kingdom
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16
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Zhao L, Zhang Y, Liu G, Hao S, Wang C, Wang Y. Black rice anthocyanin-rich extract and rosmarinic acid, alone and in combination, protect against DSS-induced colitis in mice. Food Funct 2018; 9:2796-2808. [PMID: 29691532 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01490b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of black rice anthocyanin-rich extract (BRAE) and rosmarinic acid (RA), alone and in combination, on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Results showed that administration of BRAE and RA, alone and in combination, significantly decreased the disease activity index (DAI) and the histological score of colons in DSS-induced colitis mice. Moreover, the administration of BRAE and RA, alone and in combination, not only reduced myeloperoxidase (MPO) and nitric oxide (NO) levels, but also inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. Our results showed that BRAE decreased the histological score and TNF-α mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner, while BRAE + RA dose-dependently attenuated the histological score and mRNA expression of IL-6. However, the benefits of RA were not dose-dependent within the dose range of 25-100 mg kg-1. The combination of BRAE and RA showed better inhibitory effect on the NO content and iNOS mRNA expression than BRAE or RA given alone, and was the most effective in ameliorating DSS-induced colitis at 100 mg kg-1. Notably, the BRAE and RA combination exhibited additive interactions in reducing MPO and NO levels, as well as the expression of some pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-6, IL-1β and iNOS), especially at 100 mg kg-1. In conclusion, dietary BRAE and RA, alone and in combination, alleviate the symptoms and inflammation of DSS-induced colitis in mice, and may provide a promising dietary approach for the management of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
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17
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Ngamwonglumlert L, Devahastin S, Chiewchan N. Natural colorants: Pigment stability and extraction yield enhancement via utilization of appropriate pretreatment and extraction methods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 57:3243-3259. [PMID: 26517806 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1109498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Natural colorants from plant-based materials have gained increasing popularity due to health consciousness of consumers. Among the many steps involved in the production of natural colorants, pigment extraction is one of the most important. Soxhlet extraction, maceration, and hydrodistillation are conventional methods that have been widely used in industry and laboratory for such a purpose. Recently, various non-conventional methods, such as supercritical fluid extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, pulsed-electric field extraction, and enzyme-assisted extraction have emerged as alternatives to conventional methods due to the advantages of the former in terms of smaller solvent consumption, shorter extraction time, and more environment-friendliness. Prior to the extraction step, pretreatment of plant materials to enhance the stability of natural pigments is another important step that must be carefully taken care of. In this paper, a comprehensive review of appropriate pretreatment and extraction methods for chlorophylls, carotenoids, betalains, and anthocyanins, which are major classes of plant pigments, is provided by using pigment stability and extraction yield as assessment criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxsika Ngamwonglumlert
- a Advanced Food Processing Research Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi , Tungkru , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Sakamon Devahastin
- a Advanced Food Processing Research Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi , Tungkru , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Naphaporn Chiewchan
- a Advanced Food Processing Research Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi , Tungkru , Bangkok , Thailand
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18
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The photostability of flavanones, flavonols and flavones and evolution of their antioxidant activity. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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19
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Islam MS, Patras A, Pokharel B, Vergne MJ, Sasges M, Begum A, Rakariyatham K, Pan C, Xiao H. Effect of UV Irradiation on the Nutritional Quality and Cytotoxicity of Apple Juice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:7812-7822. [PMID: 27632812 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
UV-C irradiation operating at 254 nm wavelength on the polyphenolic and vitamin contents of apple juice including cytotoxicity analysis was studied. UV doses ranging from 0 to 150 mJ·cm-2 were selected for the treatments. Polyphenols (catechin, epicatechin, chlorogenic acid, and phloridzin) and vitamins (riboflavin, thiamine hydrochloride, pyridoxal hydrochloride, pyridoxine, pyridoxamine dihydrochloride, cyanocobalamin, choline chloride, biotin, niacin, and niacinamide) were chemically profiled. It was observed that UV treatment of apple juice at disinfection doses caused minor reductions (p < 0.05) in the concentrations of two main polyphenols (i.e., chlorogenic acid and epicatechin). In contrast, significant (p < 0.05) decreases in vitamin concentrations were observed (p < 0.05). The irradiated juice was evaluated for cytotoxic effects. The irradiated apple juice showed no cytotoxic effects on normal intestinal cells, and both irradiated and nonirradiated samples are significantly comparable in inhibiting the growth of human colon cancer cells. Overall, these results indicated that UV-C treatment of apple juice neither significantly degraded polyphenols nor generated cytotoxic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shajedul Islam
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University , Nashville, Tennessee 37209, United States
| | - A Patras
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University , Nashville, Tennessee 37209, United States
| | - B Pokharel
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University , Nashville, Tennessee 37209, United States
| | - M J Vergne
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Lipscomb University , Nashville, Tennessee 37204, United States
| | - M Sasges
- Aquafine Corporation, Valencia, California 91355, United States
| | - A Begum
- Aquafine Corporation, Valencia, California 91355, United States
| | - Kanyasiri Rakariyatham
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Che Pan
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - H Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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20
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Heras-Roger J, Díaz-Romero C, Darias-Martín J. What Gives a Wine Its Strong Red Color? Main Correlations Affecting Copigmentation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:6567-74. [PMID: 27523569 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Copigmentation and enological parameters were studied in a collection of 250 red wines. Although several copigmentation studies have been performed with model solutions, little is known about the actual consequences directly in wine of anthocyanin interactions. To date, some studies have considered relationships between copigmentation and natural wine constituents, but none correlates copigmentation measurements with the real wide concentration in wine. In this work, published hypotheses based on model solutions such as phenolic acid copigmentation ability or the influence of copigmentation factors such as flavonols are empirically evaluated in a large sample of wines for the first time. The study confirms previous results obtained from solutions, whereas other factors suggested as being relevant seem to be unrelated to the studied effect at the concentration range naturally occurring in the wines studied. For instance, the important role of flavonols and hydroxycinnamic acids has been ratified, whereas ethanol, gallic acid, and some metals show significant inverse correlations with copigmentation. Unexpectedly, magnesium content in wine correlates with color, whereas the concentration of traditional copigments, such as quercetin, does not show any correlation with copigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Heras-Roger
- Departamento de Ingenierı́a Quı́mica y Tecnologı́a Farmacéutica, Área de Ciencia y Tecnologı́a de Alimentos, Universidad de La Laguna , 38201 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Carlos Díaz-Romero
- Departamento de Ingenierı́a Quı́mica y Tecnologı́a Farmacéutica, Área de Ciencia y Tecnologı́a de Alimentos, Universidad de La Laguna , 38201 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Jacinto Darias-Martín
- Departamento de Ingenierı́a Quı́mica y Tecnologı́a Farmacéutica, Área de Ciencia y Tecnologı́a de Alimentos, Universidad de La Laguna , 38201 La Laguna, Spain
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21
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Islam MS, Patras A, Pokharel B, Wu Y, Vergne MJ, Shade L, Xiao H, Sasges M. UV-C irradiation as an alternative disinfection technique: Study of its effect on polyphenols and antioxidant activity of apple juice. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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22
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Biosorption of anthocyanins from grape pomace extracts by waste yeast: kinetic and isotherm studies. J FOOD ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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23
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Lo Piero AR. The State of the Art in Biosynthesis of Anthocyanins and Its Regulation in Pigmented Sweet Oranges [(Citrus sinensis) L. Osbeck]. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:4031-4041. [PMID: 25871434 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are water-soluble pigments belonging to the flavonoid compound family involved in nature in several aspects of plant development and defense. By bestowing much of the color and flavor on fruits and vegetables, they are components of the human diet and, thanks to their radical-scavenging properties, are not considered exclusively as food products but also as therapeutic agents. Several cultivars of red (or blood) oranges [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck], such as Tarocco, Moro, and Sanguinello, are characterized by the presence of anthocyanins in both the rind and fruit juice vesicles. The amount and composition of anthocyanins in the pigmented orange cultivar vary greatly depending on variety, maturity, region of cultivation, and many other environmental conditions. Most of the blood orange varieties require a wide day-night thermal range to maximize color formation. Therefore, the production of red oranges characterized by high anthocyanin levels is limited to a few regions and in particular to the Sicilian area around Mount Etna in Italy, where the characteristic climate conditions yield fruits of unique color intensity and quality. In this review, both the basic information and the most recent advances in red orange anthocyanins are reported, with intense attention given to their biosynthesis and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Roberta Lo Piero
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 98, 95123 Catania, Italy
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24
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Zhao D, Tao J. Recent advances on the development and regulation of flower color in ornamental plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:261. [PMID: 25964787 PMCID: PMC4410614 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Flower color is one of the most important features of ornamental plants. Its development and regulation are influenced by many internal and external factors. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of color development and its regulation provides an important theoretical basis and premise for the cultivation and improvement of new color varieties of ornamental plants. This paper outlines the functions of petal tissue structure, as well as the distribution and type of pigments, especially anthocyanins, in color development. The progress of research on flower color regulation with a focus on physical factors, chemical factors, and genetic engineering is introduced. The shortcomings of flower color research and the potential directions for future development are explored to provide a broad background for flower color improvements in ornamental plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun Tao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
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25
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Wang Z, Zhang M, Wu Q. Effects of temperature, pH, and sunlight exposure on the color stability of strawberry juice during processing and storage. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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26
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Yang Y, Yuan X, Xu Y, Yu Z. Purification of Anthocyanins from Extracts of Red Raspberry Using Macroporous Resin. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2013.862632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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27
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Jin SK, Park JH. Effect of the Addition of Schisandra chinensis Powder on the Physico-chemical Characteristics of Sausage. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 26:1753-61. [PMID: 25049766 PMCID: PMC4092880 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The individual and interactive effects of Schisandra chinensis powder (SCP) and sodium nitrite additions on color, pH, water holding capacity, residual nitrite, 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), volatile basic nitrogen, texture properties, fatty acids, amino acids and sensory evaluation of cooked pork sausages were investigated after 20 d of storage at 4°C. The powders (0, 0.5 and 1.0%) were added to sausages either alone or in combination with nitrite (0 and 100 ppm). SCP added-sausages showed lower L* (lightness) and W (whiteness) values, and higher b* (yellowness) values than sausage containing no nitrite, and exhibited the highest a* values at a 0.5% addition (p<0.05). Residual nitrite and TBARS values were found to be significantly reduced as the addition levels of SCP increased (p<0.05). As the addition of SCP increased, the sausage showed gradually decreased brittleness, cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess and chewiness, while adhesiveness increased. Polyunsaturated fatty acid, n-6 and n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio concentrations were significantly higher in sausages containing SCP (p<0.05). The addition of SCP to sausage significantly (p<0.05) increased the ammonia content (by 0.5% SCP) and aromatic amino acid concentrations (by 1.0% SCP) (p<0.05). Inclusion of SCP in sausage meat resulted in a significant deterioration in quality characteristics of flavor, springiness, juiciness and overall acceptability (p<0.05). As expected, the observed changes in a*, W, pH, shear force, texture property, TBARS, fatty acid, amino acid and sensory score of sausages, depended on the rate of addition of nitrite (p<0.05). These results suggest that SCP addition is not an effective way of improving the sensory evaluation of sausages, but may beneficially affect TBARS, nitrite scavenging activity, fatty acid and amino acid content in pork sausages.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Jin
- Department of Animal Resources Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 660-758, Korea
| | - J H Park
- Department of Animal Resources Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 660-758, Korea ; Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam 330-714, Korea
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28
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Rubio-Perez JM, Vidal-Guevara ML, Zafrilla P, Morillas-Ruiz JM. A new antioxidant beverage produced with green tea and apple. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2014; 65:552-7. [PMID: 24601928 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2014.893282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Green tea and apple are natural products with health benefits. These healthy properties are linked closely to the antioxidant compounds, mainly phenolic compounds. These antioxidant compounds have a potential for preventing and treating cancer, cardiovascular, inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases in humans. The aim of the present work was to design a new beverage with high antioxidant power combining extracts of green tea and apple, studying the antioxidant composition and activity, organoleptic properties (colour) and stability status during storage at different temperatures. The majority compounds identified in the beverage were flavan-3-ols, being the (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate which had the highest concentration. After storage, floridzine was the compound with lower decrease of concentration. The new designed beverage had a good colour, and high antioxidant activity and stability at room temperature, so that the beverage needs no refrigeration, showing potential for the development of new healthy functional beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Rubio-Perez
- Departamento de Tecnología de la Alimentación y Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Campus de los Jerónimos, s/n, Guadalupe 30107 , Murcia , España and
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29
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Colour Changes in Brandy Spirits Induced by Light-Emitting Diode Irradiation and Different Temperature Levels. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-014-1271-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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30
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Krüger S, Urmann O, Morlock GE. Development of a planar chromatographic method for quantitation of anthocyanes in pomace, feed, juice and wine. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1289:105-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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31
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A novel beverage rich in antioxidant phenolics: Maqui berry (Aristotelia chilensis) and lemon juice. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2012.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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32
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33
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González-Molina E, Gironés-Vilaplana A, Mena P, Moreno DA, García-Viguera C. New beverages of lemon juice with elderberry and grape concentrates as a source of bioactive compounds. J Food Sci 2012; 77:C727-33. [PMID: 22591199 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02715.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Considering the health potential of lemon and berry fruits, different functional beverages rich in antioxidant phytochemicals, which demonstrated beneficial effects, were developed. To fulfill this objective, lemon juice was combined with 2 different concentrates, elderberry and grape, in a proportion of 5% (w/v). Bioactive composition (flavonoids and vitamin C) and color stability, as well as the antioxidant capacity of mixtures, during a period of 56 d of storage, were studied. A protective role of anthocyanins on ascorbic acid preservation was noted for both lemon-berry blends, keeping vitamin C stable until the end of the storage. In addition, the new drink combining lemon and elderberry performed better than the grape-lemon mixture in terms of health-promoting phytochemicals content, just as in vitro antioxidant capacity and color characteristics. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Beverages made from lemon juice and berries could contribute to develop new drinks with a prolonged preservation of bioactive compounds throughout storage, keeping an attractive color and a high antioxidant activity during long periods of time. The information obtained in the present work is in agreement to the rules of health and safety for juices established by the Directive of European Commission Dir2001/112/CE incorporated to the Spanish law through the RD1050/2003 regulation. Consequently, an improved performance of industrial products would be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena González-Molina
- Dept of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, PO Box 164, E-30100, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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34
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He F, Liang NN, Mu L, Pan QH, Wang J, Reeves MJ, Duan CQ. Anthocyanins and their variation in red wines I. Monomeric anthocyanins and their color expression. Molecules 2012; 17:1571-601. [PMID: 22314380 PMCID: PMC6268338 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17021571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Originating in the grapes, monomeric anthocyanins in young red wines contribute the majority of color and the supposed beneficial health effects related to their consumption, and as such they are recognized as one of the most important groups of phenolic metabolites in red wines. In recent years, our increasing knowledge of the chemical complexity of the monomeric anthocyanins, their stability, together with the phenomena such as self-association and copigmentation that can stabilize and enhance their color has helped to explain their color representation in red wine making and aging. A series of new enological practices were developed to improve the anthocyanin extraction, as well as their color expression and maintenance. This paper summarizes the most recent advances in the studies of the monomeric anthocyanins in red wines, emphasizing their origin, occurrence, color enhancing effects, their degradation and the effect of various enological practices on them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei He
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Na-Na Liang
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lin Mu
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qiu-Hong Pan
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Malcolm J. Reeves
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Faculty of Applied Science, Business and Computing, Eastern Institute of Technology, Napier 4142, New Zealand
| | - Chang-Qing Duan
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +86-10-6273-7136; Fax: +86-10-6273-7136
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Zhao X, Sheng F, Zheng J, Liu R. Composition and stability of anthocyanins from purple Solanum tuberosum and their protective influence on Cr(VI) targeted to bovine serum albumin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:7902-9. [PMID: 21692542 DOI: 10.1021/jf2011408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins from the purple Solanum tuberosum newly cultivated by the Taian Academy of Agricultural Sciences were extracted and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and UV-vis spectroscopy. Four individual anthocyanins were detected as the major components, and the total anthocyanin content was 273.5 ± 14.3 mg of cyanidin-3-glucoside equiv/100 g of dry seeds. Results of color stability showed that the purple S. tuberosum anthocyanins (PSTAs) are more stable under low pH and temperatures. Heat and general food additives have fine compatibility with PSTAs; however, they are very sensitive with oxidant and reduction. The influence of PSTAs on Cr(VI) targeted to bovine serum albumin (BSA) was also studied. The quenching of BSA fluorescence caused by Cr(VI) could be delayed by PSTAs. UV-vis and circular dichroism (CD) data suggested that PSTAs can protect the secondary and tertiary structures of BSA by probably interacting with Cr(VI) in advance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Zhao
- Shandong University , China-America CRC for Environment and Health, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
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36
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Phenolic compounds content and antioxidant activity in pomace from selected red grapes (Vitis vinifera L. and Vitis labrusca L.) widely produced in Brazil. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.12.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Hillmann MCR, Burin VM, Bordignon-Luiz MT. Thermal degradation kinetics of anthocyanins in grape juice and concentrate. Int J Food Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2011.02694.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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GHAFOOR KASHIF, HUI TENG, CHOI YONGHEE. OPTIMIZATION OF ULTRASONIC-ASSISTED EXTRACTION OF TOTAL ANTHOCYANINS FROM GRAPE PEEL USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY. J Food Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2010.00413.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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39
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Brazilian red wines made from the hybrid grape cultivar Isabel: Phenolic composition and antioxidant capacity. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 659:208-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 11/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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CAO SQ, PAN SY, YAO XL, FU HF. Isolation and Purification of Anthocyanins from Blood Oranges by Column Chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1671-2927(09)60085-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Esparza I, Santamaría C, Calvo I, Fernández JM. Significance of CIELAB parameters in the routine analysis of red wines Relevancia de los parámetros CIELAB en el análisis de rutina de vinos tintos. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/19476330903068001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Process and storage stability of anthocyanins and non-anthocyanin phenolics in pectin and gelatin gels enriched with grape pomace extracts. Eur Food Res Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-009-1134-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Cao S, Liu L, Pan S, Lu Q, Xu X. A comparison of two determination methods for studying degradation kinetics of the major anthocyanins from blood orange. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:245-249. [PMID: 19099393 DOI: 10.1021/jf8021964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The thermal degradation of cyanidin 3-(6''-malonyl) glucoside and cyanidin 3-glucoside, which are the two major anthocyanins in blood orange juice, have been investigated using the pH-differential method and RP-HPLC method, respectively. Similar results could be obtained when the degradation kinetics of cyanidin 3-glucoside were studied by either the HPLC method or the pH-differential method. However, contrary results were obtained in the case of cyanidin 3-(6''-malonyl) glucoside. The HPLC analysis indicated that cyanidin 3-(6''-malonyl) glucoside was labile to eliminate a malonyl moiety to form cyanidin 3-glucoside before disappearing during thermal treatment and showed a lower thermal stability than cyanidin 3-glucoside, whereas the result obtained by the pH-differential method actually reflected the content of both cyanidin 3-(6''-malonyl) glucoside and its degradation intermediate. This caused an overestimate of the stability of cyanidin 3-(6''-malonyl) glucoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqian Cao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
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Kunsági-Máté S, Ortmann E, Kollár L, Szabó K, Nikfardjam MP. Effect of ferrous and ferric ions on copigmentation in model solutions. J Mol Struct 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2008.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hartmann A, Patz CD, Andlauer W, Dietrich H, Ludwig M. Influence of processing on quality parameters of strawberries. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:9484-9489. [PMID: 18821768 DOI: 10.1021/jf801555q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
To determine the effects of different processing steps, such as enzymatic treatment of the mash and pasteurization, on selected quality parameters, strawberries were processed to juices and purees. To identify the processing steps causing the highest losses, samples were taken after each step, and ascorbic acid, total phenols, anthocyanins, and antioxidant capacity were analyzed. To assess the antioxidant capacity, three different methods were applied: the trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, showing correlation coefficients of 0.889 to 0.948. The antioxidant capacity decreased with processing steps except heat treatment, which partly caused an increase due to the formation of antioxidant active products. The content of ascorbic acid, in comparison to that in the frozen strawberries, decreased significantly during the processing of the fruit to puree by 77%. In the pressed cloudy juices, the loss of ascorbic acid was 37%. The decline of phenolic compounds, measured as total polyphenols and anthocyanins, was smaller (between 30-40%). Pressing and pasteurization were the most critical steps for the decrease of these compounds. The enzymatic treatment of the mash within 90 min supported the release of secondary plant metabolites, while ascorbic acid is reduced up to 20%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annetta Hartmann
- Institute of Life Technologies, University of Applied Sciences Valais, CH-1950 Sion, Switzerland
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Kunsági-Máté S, Stampel E, Kollár L, Pour Nikfardjam M. The effect of the oxidation state of iron ions on the competitive complexation of malvidin by caffeic or ellagic acid. Food Res Int 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2008.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Prudencio ID, Prudêncio ES, Gris EF, Tomazi T, Bordignon-Luiz MT. Petit suisse manufactured with cheese whey retentate and application of betalains and anthocyanins. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2007.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Koponen JM, Buchert J, Poutanen KS, Törrönen AR. Effect of pectinolytic juice production on the extractability and fate of bilberry and black currant anthocyanins. Eur Food Res Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-007-0745-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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