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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2021-2022. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024. [PMID: 38925550 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry for the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates is a well-established technique and this review is the 12th update of the original article published in 1999 and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2022. As with previous review, this review also includes a few papers that describe methods appropriate to analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. The review follows the same format as previous reviews. It is divided into three sections: (1) general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation, quantification and the use of computer software for structural identification. (2) Applications to various structural types such as oligo- and polysaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals, and (3) other general areas such as medicine, industrial processes, natural products and glycan synthesis where MALDI is extensively used. Much of the material relating to applications is presented in tabular form. MALDI is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis, particularly in its ability to produce single ions from each analyte and advancements in the technique and range of applications show little sign of diminishing.
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Wang Q, Jia D, He J, Sun Y, Qian Y, Ge Q, Qi Y, Wang Q, Hu Y, Wang L, Fang Y, He H, Luo M, Feng L, Si J, Song Z, Wang L, Chen S. Lactobacillus Intestinalis Primes Epithelial Cells to Suppress Colitis-Related Th17 Response by Host-Microbe Retinoic Acid Biosynthesis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303457. [PMID: 37983567 PMCID: PMC10754072 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiome is integral to the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis. A novel probiotic Lactobacillus intestinalis (L. intestinalis) exerts a protective effect against dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in mice. Based on flow cytometry, colitis-associated Th17 cells are the target of L. intestinalis, which is supported by the lack of protective effects of L. intestinalis in T cell-null Rag1-/- mice or upon anti-IL-17-A antibody-treated mice. Although L. intestinalis exerts no direct effect on T cell differentiation, it decreases C/EBPA-driven gut epithelial SAA1 and SAA2 production, which in turn impairs Th17 cell differentiation. Cometabolism of L. intestinalis ALDH and host ALDH1A2 contributed to elevated biosynthesis of retinoic acid (RA), which accounts for the anti-colitis effect in RAR-α -mediated way. In a cohort of ulcerative colitis patients, it is observed that fecal abundance of L. intestinalis is negatively associated with the C/EBPA-SAA1/2-Th17 axis. Finally, L. intestinalis has a synergistic effect with mesalazine in alleviating murine colitis. In conclusion, L. intestinalis and associated metabolites, RA, have potential therapeutic effects for suppressing colonic inflammation by modulating the crosstalk between intestinal epithelia and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi‐Wen Wang
- Department of GastroenterologySir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Ding‐Jia‐Cheng Jia
- Department of GastroenterologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Jia‐Min He
- Department of GastroenterologySir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of GastroenterologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Yun Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyShenzhen University General HospitalShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Qi‐Wei Ge
- Department of GastroenterologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Ya‐Dong Qi
- Department of GastroenterologySir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Qing‐Yi Wang
- Department of GastroenterologySir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Ying‐Ying Hu
- Department of GastroenterologySir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of GastroenterologySir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Yan‐Fei Fang
- Department of GastroenterologySir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Hui‐Qin He
- Department of GastroenterologySir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Man Luo
- Department of NutritionSir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Li‐Jun Feng
- Department of NutritionSir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Jian‐Min Si
- Department of GastroenterologySir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
- Institution of GastroenterologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center of Senescent DiseaseZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Zhang‐Fa Song
- Department of Colorectal SurgerySir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Liang‐Jing Wang
- Department of GastroenterologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310058China
- Institution of GastroenterologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center of Senescent DiseaseZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Shu‐Jie Chen
- Department of GastroenterologySir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
- Institution of GastroenterologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center of Senescent DiseaseZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310058China
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Bakky MAH, Tran NT, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Liang H, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Ma H, Zheng H, Li S. In vitro fermentation of Gracilaria lemaneiformis and its sulfated polysaccharides by rabbitfish gut microbes. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 246:125561. [PMID: 37364810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
This study intended to characterize the Gracilaria lemaneiformis (SW)-derived polysaccharide (GLP) and explore the fermentation aspects of SW and GLP by rabbitfish (Siganus canaliculatus) intestinal microbes. The GLP was mainly composed of galactose and anhydrogalactose (at 2.0:0.75 molar ratio) with the linear mainstay of α-(1 → 4) linked 3,6-anhydro-α-l-galactopyranose and β-(1 → 3)-linked galactopyranose units. The in vitro fermentation results showed that the SW and GLP could reinforce the short-chain fatty (SCFAs) production and change the diversity and composition of gut microbiota. Moreover, GLP boosted the Fusobacteria and reduced the Firmicutes abundance, while SW increased the Proteobacteria abundance. Furthermore, the adequacy of feasibly harmful bacteria (such as Vibrio) declined. Interestingly, most metabolic processes were correlated with the GLP and SW groups than the control and galactooligosaccharide (GOS)-treated groups. In addition, the intestinal microbes degrade the GLP with 88.21 % of the molecular weight reduction from 1.36 × 105 g/mol (at 0 h) to 1.6 × 104 g/mol (at 24 h). Therefore, the findings suggest that the SW and GLP have prebiotic potential and could be applied as functional feed additives in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Akibul Hasan Bakky
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Ngoc Tuan Tran
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Yongsheng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Huifen Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Yilei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Huaiping Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
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Long Z, Zhao S, Xu X, Du W, Chen Q, Hu S. Dynamic Changes in Flavor and Microbiota in Traditionally Fermented Bamboo Shoots ( Chimonobambusa szechuanensis (Rendle) Keng f.). Foods 2023; 12:3035. [PMID: 37628035 PMCID: PMC10453856 DOI: 10.3390/foods12163035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dissecting flavor formation and microbial succession during traditional fermentation help to promote standardized and large-scale production in the sour shoot industry. The principal objective of the present research is to elucidate the interplay between the physicochemical attributes, flavor, and microbial compositions of sour bamboo shoots in the process of fermentation. The findings obtained from the principal component analysis (PCA) indicated notable fluctuations in both the physicochemical parameters and flavor components throughout the 28 day fermentation process. At least 13 volatile compounds (OAV > 1) have been detected as characteristic aroma compounds in sour bamboo shoots. Among these, 2,4-dimethyl Benzaldehyde exhibits the highest OAV (129.73~668.84) and is likely the primary contributor to the sour odor of the bamboo shoots. The analysis of the microbial community in sour bamboo shoots revealed that the most abundant phyla were Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, while the most prevalent genera were Enterococcus, Lactococcus, and Serratia. The results of the correlation analysis revealed that Firmicutes exhibited a positive correlation with various chemical compounds, including 3,6-nonylidene-1-ol, 2,4-dimethyl benzaldehyde, silanediol, dimethyl-, nonanal, and 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentylenediol diisobutyrate. Similarly, Lactococcus was found to be positively correlated with several chemical compounds, such as dimethyl-silanediol, 1-heptanol, 3,6-nonylidene-1-ol, nonanal, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate, dibutyl phthalate, and TA. This study provides a theoretical basis for the standardization of traditional natural fermented sour bamboo production technology, which will help to further improve the flavor and quality of sour bamboo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Long
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China; (Z.L.); (S.Z.); (X.X.); (W.D.); (Q.C.)
- Engineering Research Center for Biomass Resource Utilization and Modification of Sichuan Province, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Shilin Zhao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China; (Z.L.); (S.Z.); (X.X.); (W.D.); (Q.C.)
| | - Xiaofeng Xu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China; (Z.L.); (S.Z.); (X.X.); (W.D.); (Q.C.)
| | - Wanning Du
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China; (Z.L.); (S.Z.); (X.X.); (W.D.); (Q.C.)
| | - Qiyang Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China; (Z.L.); (S.Z.); (X.X.); (W.D.); (Q.C.)
| | - Shanglian Hu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China; (Z.L.); (S.Z.); (X.X.); (W.D.); (Q.C.)
- Engineering Research Center for Biomass Resource Utilization and Modification of Sichuan Province, Mianyang 621010, China
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Li ZR, Luo SQ, Peng YJ, Jin CZ, Liu DC. Effect of long-term application of bioorganic fertilizer on the soil property and bacteria in rice paddy. AMB Express 2023; 13:60. [PMID: 37310515 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-023-01559-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of novel bioorganic fertilizer (BIO) has been established as a weed biocontrol strategy, and reduce herbicides pollution and negatively effects on agricultural ecosystems. However, its long-term influences on soil bacterial communities are unknown. Here, 16 S rRNA sequencing to identify the changes that occur in soil bacterial community and enzyme under BIO treatments after five years in a field experiment. BIO application effectively controlled weeds, however no obvious differences between treatments were observed under BIO-50, BIO-100, BIO-200 and BIO-400 treatment. Anaeromyxobacter and Clostridium_ sensu_ stricto_1 were the two dominant genera among BIO-treated soil samples. The BIO-800 treatment had a slight influence on the species diversity index, which was more remarkable after five years. The seven significantly-different genera between BIO-800 treatment and untreated soils included C._sensu_stricto_1, Syntrophorhabdus, Candidatus_Koribacter, Rhodanobacter, Bryobacter, Haliangium, Anaeromyxobacter. In addition, BIO application had different effects on soil enzymatic activities and chemical properties. The extractable P and pH saliency correlated with Haliangium and C._Koribacter, and C._sensu_stricto_1 observably correlated with exchangeable K, hydrolytic N and organic matter. Taken together, our data suggest that BIO application effectively controlled weeds and a slight influence on soil bacterial communities and enzymes. These findings expand our knowledge of the application of BIO as widely used as a sustainable weed control in rice paddy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu-Ren Li
- Key laboratory of Pesticide Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, P.R. China.
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Weeds, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China.
| | - Si-Quan Luo
- Key laboratory of Pesticide Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, P.R. China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Weeds, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Ya-Jun Peng
- Key laboratory of Pesticide Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, P.R. China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Weeds, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Chen-Zhong Jin
- Key laboratory of Pesticide Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, P.R. China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Weeds, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Du-Cai Liu
- Key laboratory of Pesticide Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, P.R. China.
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Weeds, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China.
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Wang W, Chen C, Zhou C, Tang Z, Luo D, Fu X, Zhu S, Yang X. Effects of glycation with chitooligosaccharide on digestion and fermentation processes of lactoferrin in vitro. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 234:123762. [PMID: 36812963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the digestion and fermentation processes of lactoferrin (LF) glycated with chitooligosaccharide (COS) under a controlled Maillard reaction, utilizing the in vitro digestion and fermentation model, and to compare the results of these processes to LF undertaken without glycation. After gastrointestinal digestion, the products of the LF-COS conjugate were found to have more fragments with lower molecular weight than LF, and the antioxidant capabilities (via ABTS and ORAC assay) of the LF-COS conjugate digesta also increased. In addition, the undigested fractions could be further fermented by the intestinal microbiota. Compared with LF, more short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were generated (from 2397.40 to 2623.10 μg/g), and more species of microbiota (from 451.78 to 568.10) were observed in LF-COS conjugate treatment. Furthermore, the relative abundance of Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium that could utilize carbohydrates and metabolic intermediates to produce SCFAs also increased in LF-COS conjugate than that of LF. Our results demonstrated that glycation with COS under the controlled wet-heat treatment Maillard reaction could modify the digestion of LF and have a potentially positive influence on the intestinal microbiota community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenduo Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Yangjiang 529500, China; SCUT-Zhuhai Institute of Modern Industrial Innovation, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chun Chen
- SCUT-Zhuhai Institute of Modern Industrial Innovation, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, China; Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chunxia Zhou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Yangjiang 529500, China
| | - Zhongsheng Tang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Yangjiang 529500, China
| | - Donghui Luo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Yangjiang 529500, China
| | - Xiong Fu
- SCUT-Zhuhai Institute of Modern Industrial Innovation, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Siming Zhu
- SCUT-Zhuhai Institute of Modern Industrial Innovation, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Xinhe Yang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Yangjiang 529500, China
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Liang Y, Zhang H, Tian L, Shi C, Zheng Y, Wang J, Tan Y, Luo Y, Hong H. Gut microbiota and metabolic profile as affected by Maillard reaction products derived from bighead carp meat hydrolysates with galactose and galacto-oligosaccharides during in vitro pig fecal fermentation. Food Chem 2023; 398:133905. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Yao D, Wu M, Dong Y, Ma L, Wang X, Xu L, Yu Q, Zheng X. In vitro fermentation of fructooligosaccharide and galactooligosaccharide and their effects on gut microbiota and SCFAs in infants. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Guan Z, Feng Q. Chitosan and Chitooligosaccharide: The Promising Non-Plant-Derived Prebiotics with Multiple Biological Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126761. [PMID: 35743209 PMCID: PMC9223384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable chitin is the second-most abundant natural polysaccharide, widely existing in the exoskeletons of crabs, shrimps, insects, and the cell walls of fungi. Chitosan and chitooligosaccharide (COS, also named chitosan oligosaccharide) are the two most important deacetylated derivatives of chitin. Compared with chitin, chitosan and COS not only have more satisfactory physicochemical properties but also exhibit additional biological activities, which cause them to be widely applied in the fields of food, medicine, and agriculture. Additionally, due to their significant ability to improve gut microbiota, chitosan and COS are deemed prospective prebiotics. Here, we introduced the production, physicochemical properties, applications, and pharmacokinetic characteristics of chitosan and COS. Furthermore, we summarized the latest research on their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. Research progress on the prebiotic functions of chitosan and COS is particularly reviewed. We creatively analyzed and discussed the mechanisms and correlations underlying these activities of chitosan and COS and their physicochemical properties. Our work enriched people's understanding of these non-plant-derived prebiotics. Based on this review, the future directions of research on chitosan and COS are explored. Collectively, optimizing the production technology of chitin derivatives and enriching understanding of their biological functions will shed more light on their capability to improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Guan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Human Microbiome, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China;
- School of Life Science, Qilu Normal University, Jinan 250200, China
| | - Qiang Feng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Human Microbiome, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266347, China
- Correspondence:
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Chen M, Jin J, Ji X, Chang K, Li J, Zhao L. Pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and tissue distribution of chitobiose and chitotriose in rats. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:13. [PMID: 38647841 PMCID: PMC10991139 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00500-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharides (COSs) have various physiological activities and broad application prospects; however, their pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution remain unclear. In this study, a sensitive and selective ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) method for determining chitobiose (COS 2) and chitotriose (COS 3) in rat serum and tissues was developed. This method was successfully validated based on FDA guidelines in terms of selectivity, calibration curves (lower limit of quantification was 0.002 µg/mL for COS 2 and 0.02 µg/mL for COS 3), precision (intra-day relative standard deviation of 0.04%-3.55% and inter-day relative standard deviation of 1.94%-11.63%), accuracy (intra-day relative error of - 1.81%-11.06% and inter-day relative error of - 9.41%-8.63%), matrix effects, recovery (97.10%-101.29%), stability, dilution integrity, and carry-over effects. Then, the method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution study of COS 2 and COS 3 after intragastric and intravenous administration. After intragastric administration, COS 2 and COS 3 were rapidly absorbed, reached peak concentrations in the serum after approximately 0.45 h, and showed rapid elimination with clearances greater than 18.82 L/h/kg and half-lives lower than 6 h. The absolute oral bioavailability of COS 2 and COS 3 was 0.32%-0.52%. COS 2 and COS 3 were widely distributed in Wistar rat tissues and could penetrated the blood-brain barrier without tissue accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Chen
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jiayang Jin
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xiaoguo Ji
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Kunlin Chang
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Nutrition, Chang-Zheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Liming Zhao
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai, 200237, China.
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Ji X, Zhu L, Chang K, Zhang R, Chen Y, Yin H, Jin J, Zhao L. Chitooligosaccahrides: Digestion characterization and effect of the degree of polymerization on gut microorganisms to manage the metabolome functional diversity in vitro. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 275:118716. [PMID: 34742440 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of chitooligosaccharides (COS) prevents intestinal microecological disorder. The mechanisms for the effects of different COS on the gut microbiota are currently unclear. This study examined the impact of COS with different degrees of polymerization (DPs) on the gut microbial community and metabolic profile. COS significantly promoted the growth of Bacteroidetes, and inhibited that of Proteobacteria, which were significantly correlated with DPs. COS3 and COS2 enriched the butyrate production in microbial communities composed of Clostridium and Parabacteroides. Microbial communities enriched by DPs 4-6 COS displayed increased diversity in differential metabolite function. Several biomarkers were distinguished significantly, including unsaturated fatty acids, bile acids, indoles and amines, which are mainly related to processes such as fatty acid synthesis and decomposition, bile acid modification, and tryptophan metabolism. The results display the relationship among COS structure-gut microbes-metabolomics, providing a new perspective for COS as a functional food to improve intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguo Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Kunlin Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yijia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Organ Transplant Center, Shanghai Chang-Zheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Jiayang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Liming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai 200237, China.
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Li X, Feng R, Zhou P, Wang L, Luo Z, An S. Construction and characterization of Juglans regia L. polyphenols nanoparticles based on bovine serum albumin and Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides, and their gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation in vitro. Food Funct 2021; 12:10397-10410. [PMID: 34554172 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01993g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the construction and characterization of nanoparticles based on bovine serum albumin and Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides for the delivery of polyphenols isolated from the shells of Juglans regia L. (BSA-JRP-HSP NPs). We also systematically investigated their gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation characteristics in vitro. BSA-JRP-HSP NPs, with amorphous properties and regular spherical morphological features, have a high encapsulation efficiency of 88.47 ± 0.04%, average particle size of 285.7 ± 3.1 nm, and zeta potential of -12.20 ± 0.61 mV, and they exhibit excellent photothermal stabilities and strong mucin adhesion capacity. Through measurements of gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation in vitro, the results suggest that BSA-JRP-HSP NPs presented well-sustained release characteristics for preventing the biodegradation of JRP during gastrointestinal digestion. After gastrointestinal digestion, BSA-JRP-HSP NPs could modulate the composition and structure of gut microbiota, promoting the growth of beneficial bacterial (e.g. Prevotella, Dialister, Akkermansia, etc.) and inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria (e.g. Bacteroides, Phascolarctobacterium, Lachnospiracea incertae sedis, etc.). The production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) including acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid was remarkably enhanced by treatment with BSA-JRP-HSP NPs. This study has proved that BSA-JRP-HSP NPs can serve as a novel candidate for improving the bioavailability of JRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- Skate Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China. .,Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Ru Feng
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China. .,Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China. .,Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Lu Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China. .,Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Zhen Luo
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China. .,Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Siying An
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China. .,Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
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13
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Zhao S, Dien BS, Lindemann SR, Chen MH. Controlling autohydrolysis conditions to produce xylan-derived fibers that modulate gut microbiota responses and metabolic outputs. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 271:118418. [PMID: 34364559 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Autohydrolysis is used for producing xylan-derived oligosaccharides from lignocellulosic biomass. Although numerous studies report optimized autohydrolysis conditions for various plants, few of these studies correlate process parameters with the resulting structural properties to their impact on intestinal bacterial communities. Thus, to further clarify these relationships, beechwood xylan (BWX)-derived substrates, processed under five conditions, were fermented in vitro by human gut microbiota. Autohydrolysis reduced the mean molecular size and substitutions of BWX. Distinct fermentation kinetics were observed with differing processing of BWX substrates, which correlated with impacts on community species evenness. The relative abundances of Bacteroides, Fusicatenibacter, Bifidobacterium, and Megasphaera within the fermentations varied with processing conditions. While the total short-chain fatty acid concentrations were the same among the treatments, processing conditions varied the extent of propionate and butyrate generation. Autolysis parameters may be an important tool for optimizing beneficial effects of xylan-derived fibers on human gut microbiota structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sainan Zhao
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Block N1.2, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Bruce S Dien
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Bioenergy Research Unit, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - Stephen R Lindemann
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, 700 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Ming-Hsu Chen
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Block N1.2, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore.
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Enzymatic Synthesis and Characterization of Different Families of Chitooligosaccharides and Their Bioactive Properties. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11073212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharides (COS) are homo- or hetero-oligomers of D-glucosamine (GlcN) and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) that can be obtained by chitosan or chitin hydrolysis. Their enzymatic production is preferred over other methodologies (physical, chemical, etc.) due to the mild conditions required, the fewer amounts of waste and its efficiency to control product composition. By properly selecting the enzyme (chitinase, chitosanase or nonspecific enzymes) and the substrate properties (degree of deacetylation, molecular weight, etc.), it is possible to direct the synthesis towards any of the three COS types: fully acetylated (faCOS), partially acetylated (paCOS) and fully deacetylated (fdCOS). In this article, we review the main strategies to steer the COS production towards a specific group. The chemical characterization of COS by advanced techniques, e.g., high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, is critical for structure–function studies. The scaling of processes to synthesize specific COS mixtures is difficult due to the low solubility of chitin/chitosan, the heterogeneity of the reaction mixtures, and high amounts of salts. Enzyme immobilization can help to minimize such hurdles. The main bioactive properties of COS are herein reviewed. Finally, the anti-inflammatory activity of three COS mixtures was assayed in murine macrophages after stimulation with lipopolysaccharides.
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