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Ferreira AF, Machado-Simões J, Moniz I, Soares M, Carvalho A, Diniz P, Ramalho-Santos J, Sousa AP, Lopes-da-Costa L, Almeida-Santos T. Chemical reversion of age-related oocyte dysfunction fails to enhance embryo development in a bovine model of postovulatory aging. J Assist Reprod Genet 2024:10.1007/s10815-024-03151-4. [PMID: 38822989 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-024-03151-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE There are no clinical treatments to prevent/revert age-related alterations associated with oocyte competence decline in the context of advanced maternal age. Those alterations have been attributed to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Our study aimed to test the hypothesis that in vitro maturation (IVM) medium supplementation with antioxidants (resveratrol or phloretin) may revert age-related oocyte competence decline. METHODS Bovine immature oocytes were matured in vitro for 23 h (young) and 30 h (aged). Postovulatory aged oocytes (control group) and embryos obtained after fertilization were examined and compared with oocytes supplemented with either 2 μM of resveratrol or 6 μM phloretin (treatment groups) during IVM. RESULTS Aged oocytes had a significantly lower mitochondrial mass and proportion of mitochondrial clustered pattern, lower ooplasmic volume, higher ROS, lower sirtuin-1 protein level, and a lower blastocyst rate in comparison to young oocytes, indicating that postovulatory oocytes have a lower quality and developmental competence, thus validating our experimental model. Supplementation of IVM medium with antioxidants prevented the generation of ROS and restored the active mitochondrial mass and pattern characteristic of younger oocytes. Moreover, sirtuin-1 protein levels were also restored but only following incubation with resveratrol. Despite these findings, the blastocyst rate of treatment groups was not significantly different from the control group, indicating that resveratrol and phloretin could not restore the oocyte competence of postovulatory aged oocytes. CONCLUSION Resveratrol and phloretin can both revert the age-related oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction during postovulatory aging but were insufficient to enhance embryo developmental rates under our experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Filipa Ferreira
- Reproductive Medicine Unit, Gynecology, Obstetrics, Reproduction and Neonatology Department, Unidade Local de Saúde de Coimbra, Praceta, R. Prof. Mota Pinto, Coimbra, 3004-561, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal.
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- EUGIN Coimbra, Filipe Hodart N° 12, 3000-185, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Juliana Machado-Simões
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Moniz
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Soares
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Carvalho
- Reproductive Medicine Unit, Gynecology, Obstetrics, Reproduction and Neonatology Department, Unidade Local de Saúde de Coimbra, Praceta, R. Prof. Mota Pinto, Coimbra, 3004-561, Portugal
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Diniz
- CIISA - Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Ramalho-Santos
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, University of Coimbra, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Sousa
- Reproductive Medicine Unit, Gynecology, Obstetrics, Reproduction and Neonatology Department, Unidade Local de Saúde de Coimbra, Praceta, R. Prof. Mota Pinto, Coimbra, 3004-561, Portugal
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- EUGIN Coimbra, Filipe Hodart N° 12, 3000-185, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís Lopes-da-Costa
- CIISA - Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
- AL4AnimalS - Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Teresa Almeida-Santos
- Reproductive Medicine Unit, Gynecology, Obstetrics, Reproduction and Neonatology Department, Unidade Local de Saúde de Coimbra, Praceta, R. Prof. Mota Pinto, Coimbra, 3004-561, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- EUGIN Coimbra, Filipe Hodart N° 12, 3000-185, Coimbra, Portugal
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McLean S, Lee M, Liu W, Hameed R, Gujjala VA, Zhou X, Kaeberlein M, Kaya A. Molecular Mechanisms of Genotype-Dependent Lifespan Variation Mediated by Caloric Restriction: Insight from Wild Yeast Isolates. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.17.585422. [PMID: 38559208 PMCID: PMC10979966 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.17.585422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) is known to extend lifespan across different species and holds great promise for preventing human age-onset pathologies. However, two major challenges exist. First, despite extensive research, the mechanisms of lifespan extension in response to CR remain elusive. Second, genetic differences causing variations in response to CR and genetic factors contributing to variability of CR response on lifespan are largely unknown. Here, we took advantage of natural genetic variation across 46 diploid wild yeast isolates of Saccharomyces species and the lifespan variation under CR conditions to uncover the molecular factors associated with CR response types. We identified genes and metabolic pathways differentially regulated in CR-responsive versus non-responsive strains. Our analysis revealed that altered mitochondrial function and activation of GCN4-mediated environmental stress response are inevitably linked to lifespan variation in response to CR and a unique mitochondrial metabolite might be utilized as a predictive marker for CR response rate. In sum, our data suggests that the effects of CR on longevity may not be universal, even among the closely related species or strains of a single species. Since mitochondrial-mediated signaling pathways are evolutionarily conserved, the dissection of related genetic pathways will be relevant to understanding the mechanism by which CR elicits its longevity effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha McLean
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284 USA
| | - Mitchell Lee
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Ora Biomedical, Seattle, WA, 98168, USA
| | - Weiqiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Zoology, Beijing, China
| | - Rohil Hameed
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284 USA
| | - Vikas Anil Gujjala
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284 USA
| | - Xuming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Zoology, Beijing, China
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Optispan, Seattle, WA, 98168, USA
| | - Alaattin Kaya
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284 USA
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3
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Narayan VP, Wasana N, Wilson AJ, Chenoweth SF. Misalignment of plastic and evolutionary responses of lifespan to novel carbohydrate diets. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:231732. [PMID: 38234441 PMCID: PMC10791524 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Diet elicits varied effects on longevity across a wide range of animal species where dietary discordance between an organisms' evolutionary and developmental dietary history is increasingly recognized to play a critical role in shaping lifespan. However, whether such changes, predominantly assessed in a single generation, lead to evolutionary shifts in lifespan remains unclear. In this study, we used an experimental evolution approach to test whether changes in an organisms' evolutionary and developmental dietary history, specifically carbohydrate content, causes lifespan evolution in Drosophila serrata. After 30 generations, we investigated the evolutionary potential of lifespan in response to four novel diets that varied systematically in their ratio of carbohydrate-protein content. We also examined developmental plasticity effects using a set of control populations that were raised on the four novel environments allowing us to assess the extent to which plastic responses of lifespan mirrored adaptive responses observed following experimental evolution. Both high- and low-carbohydrate diets elicited plastic effects on lifespan; however, the plastic responses for lifespan to developmental diets bore little resemblance to the evolved responses on evolutionary diets. Understanding the dietary conditions regulating the match/mismatch of plastic and evolved responses will be important in determining whether a particular match/mismatch combination is adaptive for lifespan. While the differences in evolutionary diet by developmental diet interactions are only beginning to be elucidated, this study lays the foundation for future investigations of carbohydrate contributions to evolved and plastic effects on health and lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram P. Narayan
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Nidarshani Wasana
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Alastair J. Wilson
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Stephen F. Chenoweth
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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4
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Dolan E, Koehler K, Areta J, Longman DP, Pontzer H. Energy constraint and compensation: Insights from endurance athletes. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2023; 285:111500. [PMID: 37557979 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.111500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The Constrained Model of Total Energy Expenditure predicts that increased physical activity may not influence total energy expenditure, but instead, induces compensatory energetic savings in other processes. Much remains unknown, however, about concepts of energy expenditure, constraint and compensation in different populations, and it is unclear whether this model applies to endurance athletes, who expend very large amounts of energy during training and competition. Furthermore, it is well-established that some endurance athletes consciously or unconsciously fail to meet their energy requirements via adequate food intake, thus exacerbating the extent of energetic stress that they experience. Within this review we A) Describe unique characteristics of endurance athletes that render them a useful model to investigate energy constraints and compensations, B) Consider the factors that may combine to constrain activity and total energy expenditure, and C) Describe compensations that occur when activity energy expenditure is high and unmet by adequate energy intake. Our main conclusions are as follows: A) Higher activity levels, as observed in endurance athletes, may indeed increase total energy expenditure, albeit to a lesser degree than may be predicted by an additive model, given that some compensation is likely to occur; B) That while a range of factors may combine to constrain sustained high activity levels, the ability to ingest, digest, absorb and deliver sufficient calories from food to the working muscle is likely the primary determinant in most situations and C) That energetic compensation that occurs in the face of high activity expenditure may be primarily driven by low energy availability i.e., the amount of energy available for all biological processes after the demands of exercise have been met, and not by activity expenditure per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eimear Dolan
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group - Center of Lifestyle Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Karsten Koehler
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jose Areta
- Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK. https://twitter.com/jlAreta
| | - Daniel P Longman
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK. https://twitter.com/danny_longman
| | - Herman Pontzer
- Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. https://twitter.com/HermanPontzer
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5
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Martínez Barreiro M, Vázquez Alberdi L, De León L, Avellanal G, Duarte A, Anzibar Fialho M, Baranger J, Calero M, Rubido N, Tanter M, Negreira C, Brum J, Damián JP, Kun A. In Vivo Ultrafast Doppler Imaging Combined with Confocal Microscopy and Behavioral Approaches to Gain Insight into the Central Expression of Peripheral Neuropathy in Trembler-J Mice. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1324. [PMID: 37887034 PMCID: PMC10604841 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The main human hereditary peripheral neuropathy (Charcot-Marie-Tooth, CMT), manifests in progressive sensory and motor deficits. Mutations in the compact myelin protein gene pmp22 cause more than 50% of all CMTs. CMT1E is a subtype of CMT1 myelinopathy carrying micro-mutations in pmp22. The Trembler-J mice have a spontaneous mutation in pmp22 identical to that present in CMT1E human patients. PMP22 is mainly (but not exclusively) expressed in Schwann cells. Some studies have found the presence of pmp22 together with some anomalies in the CNS of CMT patients. Recently, we identified the presence of higher hippocampal pmp22 expression and elevated levels of anxious behavior in TrJ/+ compared to those observed in wt. In the present paper, we delve deeper into the central expression of the neuropathy modeled in Trembler-J analyzing in vivo the cerebrovascular component by Ultrafast Doppler, exploring the vascular structure by scanning laser confocal microscopy, and analyzing the behavioral profile by anxiety and motor difficulty tests. We have found that TrJ/+ hippocampi have increased blood flow and a higher vessel volume compared with the wild type. Together with this, we found an anxiety-like profile in TrJ/+ and the motor difficulties described earlier. We demonstrate that there are specific cerebrovascular hemodynamics associated with a vascular structure and anxious behavior associated with the TrJ/+ clinical phenotype, a model of the human CMT1E disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Martínez Barreiro
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Sistema Nervioso Periférico, Departamento de Proteínas y Ácidos Nucleicos, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay; (M.M.B.); (L.V.A.); (A.D.)
| | - Lucia Vázquez Alberdi
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Sistema Nervioso Periférico, Departamento de Proteínas y Ácidos Nucleicos, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay; (M.M.B.); (L.V.A.); (A.D.)
- Laboratorio de Acústica Ultrasonora, Instituto de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; (M.A.F.); (C.N.); (J.B.)
| | - Lucila De León
- Departamento de Biociencias Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 13000, Uruguay; (L.D.L.); (G.A.); (J.P.D.)
| | - Guadalupe Avellanal
- Departamento de Biociencias Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 13000, Uruguay; (L.D.L.); (G.A.); (J.P.D.)
| | - Andrea Duarte
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Sistema Nervioso Periférico, Departamento de Proteínas y Ácidos Nucleicos, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay; (M.M.B.); (L.V.A.); (A.D.)
| | - Maximiliano Anzibar Fialho
- Laboratorio de Acústica Ultrasonora, Instituto de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; (M.A.F.); (C.N.); (J.B.)
- Física No Lineal, Instituto de Física de Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay;
| | - Jérôme Baranger
- Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm U1273, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS UMR 8063, 75012 Paris, France; (J.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Miguel Calero
- Unidad de Encefalopatías Espongiformes, UFIEC, CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Queen Sofia Foundation—Alzheimer Center, CIEN Foundation, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicolás Rubido
- Física No Lineal, Instituto de Física de Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay;
- Institute for Complex Systems and Mathematical Biology, University of Aberdeen, King’s College, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK
| | - Mickael Tanter
- Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm U1273, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS UMR 8063, 75012 Paris, France; (J.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Carlos Negreira
- Laboratorio de Acústica Ultrasonora, Instituto de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; (M.A.F.); (C.N.); (J.B.)
| | - Javier Brum
- Laboratorio de Acústica Ultrasonora, Instituto de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; (M.A.F.); (C.N.); (J.B.)
| | - Juan Pablo Damián
- Departamento de Biociencias Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 13000, Uruguay; (L.D.L.); (G.A.); (J.P.D.)
| | - Alejandra Kun
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Sistema Nervioso Periférico, Departamento de Proteínas y Ácidos Nucleicos, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay; (M.M.B.); (L.V.A.); (A.D.)
- Sección Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
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Otani Y, Nozaki Y, Mizunoe Y, Kobayashi M, Higami Y. Effect of mitochondrial quantity and quality controls in white adipose tissue on healthy lifespan: Essential roles of GH/IGF-1-independent pathways in caloric restriction-mediated metabolic remodeling. Pathol Int 2023; 73:479-489. [PMID: 37606202 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Long-term caloric restriction is a conventional and reproducible dietary intervention to improve whole body metabolism, suppress age-related pathophysiology, and extend lifespan. The beneficial actions of caloric restriction are widely accepted to be regulated in both growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1-dependent and -independent manners. Although growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1-dependent regulatory mechanisms are well described, those occurring independent of growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1 are poorly understood. In this review, we focus on molecular mechanisms of caloric restriction regulated in a growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1-independent manner. Caloric restriction increases mitochondrial quantity and improves mitochondrial quality by activating an axis involving sterol regulatory element binding protein-c/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α/mitochondrial intermediate peptidase in a growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1-independent manner, particularly in white adipose tissue. Fibroblast growth factor 21 is also involved in this axis. Moreover, the axis may be regulated by lower leptin signaling. Thus, caloric restriction appears to induce beneficial actions partially by regulating mitochondrial quantity and quality in white adipose tissue in a growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1-independent manner.
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Grants
- Fostering Joint International Research (B) / 20KK0 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) / 17H0217 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) / 20H0413 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuina Otani
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuka Nozaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuhei Mizunoe
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaki Kobayashi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for Human Life Innovation, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Higami
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences (RIBS), Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
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Knufinke M, MacArthur MR, Ewald CY, Mitchell SJ. Sex differences in pharmacological interventions and their effects on lifespan and healthspan outcomes: a systematic review. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:1172789. [PMID: 37305228 PMCID: PMC10249017 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1172789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With an increasing aging population, the burden of age-related diseases magnifies. To alleviate this burden, geroprotection has been an area of intense research focus with the development of pharmacological interventions that target lifespan and/or healthspan. However, there are often sex differences, with compounds mostly tested in male animals. Given the importance of considering both sexes in preclinical research, this neglects potential benefits for the female population, as interventions tested in both sexes often show clear sexual dimorphisms in their biological responses. To further understand the prevalence of sex differences in pharmacological geroprotective intervention studies, we performed a systematic review of the literature according to the PRISMA guidelines. Seventy-two studies met our inclusion criteria and were classified into one of five subclasses: FDA-repurposed drugs, novel small molecules, probiotics, traditional Chinese medicine, and antioxidants, vitamins, or other dietary supplements. Interventions were analyzed for their effects on median and maximal lifespan and healthspan markers, including frailty, muscle function and coordination, cognitive function and learning, metabolism, and cancer. With our systematic review, we found that twenty-two out of sixty-four compounds tested were able to prolong both lifespan and healthspan measures. Focusing on the use of female and male mice, and on comparing their outcomes, we found that 40% of studies only used male mice or did not clarify the sex. Notably, of the 36% of pharmacologic interventions that did use both male and female mice, 73% of these studies showed sex-specific outcomes on healthspan and/or lifespan. These data highlight the importance of studying both sexes in the search for geroprotectors, as the biology of aging is not the same in male and female mice. Systematic Review Registration: [website], identifier [registration number].
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8
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Uvdal P, Shashkova S. The Effect of Calorie Restriction on Protein Quality Control in Yeast. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050841. [PMID: 37238710 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Initially, protein aggregates were regarded as a sign of a pathological state of the cell. Later, it was found that these assemblies are formed in response to stress, and that some of them serve as signalling mechanisms. This review has a particular focus on how intracellular protein aggregates are related to altered metabolism caused by different glucose concentrations in the extracellular environment. We summarise the current knowledge of the role of energy homeostasis signalling pathways in the consequent effect on intracellular protein aggregate accumulation and removal. This covers regulation at different levels, including elevated protein degradation and proteasome activity mediated by the Hxk2 protein, the enhanced ubiquitination of aberrant proteins through Torc1/Sch9 and Msn2/Whi2, and the activation of autophagy mediated through ATG genes. Finally, certain proteins form reversible biomolecular aggregates in response to stress and reduced glucose levels, which are used as a signalling mechanism in the cell, controlling major primary energy pathways related to glucose sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petter Uvdal
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
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Wang L, Wang C, Peng Y, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Liu Y, Yin Y. Research progress on anti-stress nutrition strategies in swine. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2023; 13:342-360. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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10
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Öngel ME, Yildiz C, Başer Ö, Yilmaz B, Özilgen M. Thermodynamic Assessment of the Effects of Intermittent Fasting and Fatty Liver Disease Diets on Longevity. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 25:227. [PMID: 36832594 PMCID: PMC9955784 DOI: 10.3390/e25020227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Organisms uptake energy from their diet and maintain a highly organized structure by importing energy and exporting entropy. A fraction of the generated entropy is accumulated in their bodies, thus causing ageing. Hayflick's entropic age concept suggests that the lifespan of organisms is determined by the amount of entropy they generate. Organisms die after reaching their lifespan entropy generation limit. On the basis of the lifespan entropy generation concept, this study suggests that an intermittent fasting diet, which means skipping some meals without increasing the calories uptake in the other courses, may increase longevity. More than 1.32 million people died in 2017 because of chronic liver diseases, and a quarter of the world's population has non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. There are no specific dietary guidelines available for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases but shifting to a healthier diet is recommended as the primary treatment. A healthy obese person may generate 119.9 kJ/kg K per year of entropy and generate a total of 4796 kJ/kg K entropy in the first 40 years of life. If obese persons continue to consume the same diet, they may have 94 years of life expectancy. After age 40, Child-Pugh Score A, B, and C NAFLD patients may generate 126.2, 149.9, and 272.5 kJ/kg K year of entropy and have 92, 84, and 64 years of life expectancy, respectively. If they were to make a major recommended shift in their diet, the life expectancy of Child-Pugh Score A, B, and C patients may increase by 29, 32, and 43 years, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melek Ece Öngel
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Kayısdagi, Atasehir, Istanbul 34755, Turkey
| | - Cennet Yildiz
- Department of Food Engineering, Yeditepe University, Kayısdagi, Atasehir, Istanbul 34755, Turkey
| | - Özge Başer
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Kayısdagi, Atasehir, Istanbul 34755, Turkey
| | - Bayram Yilmaz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Kayısdagi, Atasehir, Istanbul 34755, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Özilgen
- Department of Food Engineering, Yeditepe University, Kayısdagi, Atasehir, Istanbul 34755, Turkey
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11
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Ramaker ME, Corcoran DL, Apsley AT, Kobor MS, Kraus VB, Kraus WE, Lin DTS, Orenduff MC, Pieper CF, Waziry R, Huffman KM, Belsky DW. Epigenome-wide Association Study Analysis of Calorie Restriction in Humans, CALERIETM Trial Analysis. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022; 77:2395-2401. [PMID: 35965483 PMCID: PMC9799188 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) increases healthy life span and is accompanied by slowing or reversal of aging-associated DNA methylation (DNAm) changes in animal models. In the Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIETM) human trial, we evaluated associations of CR and changes in whole-blood DNAm. CALERIETM randomized 220 healthy, nonobese adults in a 2:1 allocation to 2 years of CR or ad libitum (AL) diet. The average CR in the treatment group through 24 months of follow-up was 12%. Whole blood (baseline, 12, and 24 months) DNAm profiles were measured. Epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) analysis tested CR-induced changes from baseline to 12 and 24 months in the n = 197 participants with available DNAm data. CR treatment was not associated with epigenome-wide significant (false discovery rate [FDR] < 0.05) DNAm changes at the individual-CpG-site level. Secondary analysis of sets of CpG sites identified in published EWAS revealed that CR induced DNAm changes opposite to those associated with higher body mass index and cigarette smoking (p < .003 at 12- and 24-month follow-ups). In contrast, CR altered DNAm at chronological-age-associated CpG sites in the direction of older age (p < .003 at 12- and 24-month follow-ups). Although individual CpG site DNAm changes in response to CR were not identified, analyses of sets CpGs identified in prior EWAS revealed CR-induced changes to blood DNAm. Altered CpG sets were enriched for insulin production, glucose tolerance, inflammation, and DNA-binding and DNA-regulation pathways, several of which are known to be modified by CR. DNAm changes may contribute to CR effects on aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Ramaker
- Duke University Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - David L Corcoran
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Abner T Apsley
- Behavioral Health Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Biosciences Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael S Kobor
- BC Children’s Hopsital Research Institute (BCCHR), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Program in Child and Brain Development, CIFA, MaRS Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- The Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Virginia B Kraus
- Duke University Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - William E Kraus
- Duke University Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - David T S Lin
- BC Children’s Hopsital Research Institute (BCCHR), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Melissa C Orenduff
- Duke University Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carl F Pieper
- Center for Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Reem Waziry
- Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kim M Huffman
- Duke University Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel W Belsky
- Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
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12
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NAD + Metabolism and Interventions in Premature Renal Aging and Chronic Kidney Disease. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010021. [PMID: 36611814 PMCID: PMC9818486 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature aging causes morphological and functional changes in the kidney, leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD is a global public health issue with far-reaching consequences, including cardio-vascular complications, increased frailty, shortened lifespan and a heightened risk of kidney failure. Dialysis or transplantation are lifesaving therapies, but they can also be debilitating. Currently, no cure is available for CKD, despite ongoing efforts to identify clinical biomarkers of premature renal aging and molecular pathways of disease progression. Kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) have high energy demand, and disruption of their energy homeostasis has been linked to the progression of kidney disease. Consequently, metabolic reprogramming of PTECs is gaining interest as a therapeutic tool. Preclinical and clinical evidence is emerging that NAD+ homeostasis, crucial for PTECs' oxidative metabolism, is impaired in CKD, and administration of dietary NAD+ precursors could have a prophylactic role against age-related kidney disease. This review describes the biology of NAD+ in the kidney, including its precursors and cellular roles, and discusses the importance of NAD+ homeostasis for renal health. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive summary of preclinical and clinical studies aimed at increasing NAD+ levels in premature renal aging and CKD.
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13
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Mc Auley MT. Dietary restriction and ageing: Recent evolutionary perspectives. Mech Ageing Dev 2022; 208:111741. [PMID: 36167215 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) represents one of the most robust interventions for extending lifespan. It is not known how DR increases lifespan. The prevailing evolutionary hypothesis suggests the DR response redirects metabolic resources towards somatic maintenance at the expense of investment in reproduction. Consequently, DR acts as a proximate mechanism which promotes a pro-longevity phenotype. This idea is known as resource reallocation. However, growing findings suggest this paradigm could be incomplete. It has been argued that during DR it is not always possible to identify a trade-off between reproduction and lifespan. It is also suggested the relationship between reproduction and somatic maintenance can be uncoupled by the removal or inclusion of specific nutrients. These findings have created an imperative to re-explore the nexus between DR and evolutionary theory. In this review I will address this evolutionary conundrum. My overarching objectives are fourfold: (1) to outline some of the evidence for and against resource reallocation; (2) to examine recent findings which have necessitated a theoretical re-evaluation of the link between life history theory and DR; (3) to present alternatives to the resource reallocation model; (4) to present emerging variables which potentially influence how DR effects evolutionary trade-offs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Mc Auley
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Thornton Science Park, University of Chester, Parkgate Road, Chester CH1 4BJ, UK.
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14
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Gold DA, Sinclair DA. Sirtuin Evolution at the Dawn of Animal Life. Mol Biol Evol 2022; 39:6692537. [PMID: 36065792 PMCID: PMC9486876 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msac192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are a family of proteins that protect against cellular injury and aging; understanding their evolution should reveal fundamental mechanisms governing longevity. “Early-branching” animals such as sea sponges and jellyfish have been understudied in previous analyses of sirtuin diversity. These organisms not only hold important positions at the base of the evolutionary tree, but also have unique aging dynamics that defy convention, such as quasi-immortality and high regenerative capacity. In this study, we survey the evolution of sirtuin proteins in animals, with a focus on the oldest living lineages. We describe previously unrecognized expansions of “Class IV” and “Class I” sirtuins around the origin of animals, raising the number of sirtuin families in the last common ancestor to at least nine. Most of these undescribed sirtuins have been lost in vertebrates and other bilaterian animals. Our work also clarifies the evolution of PNC1 and NAMPT enzymes that carry out the rate-limiting step in sirtuin-related NAD+ biosynthesis. The genes for PNC1 and NAMPT enzymes were both present in the first animals, with the genes being lost a minimum of 11 and 13 times, respectively, over the course of animal evolution. We propose that species with these ancestral gene repertoires are ideal model organisms for studying the genetic regulation of animal longevity and will provide clues to increasing longevity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Gold
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences. University of California, Davis. Davis, CA, USA
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15
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Bai K, Jiang L, Li Q, Zhang J, Zhang L, Wang T. Dietary dimethylglycine sodium salt supplementation alleviates redox status imbalance and intestinal dysfunction in weaned piglets with intrauterine growth restriction. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2022; 10:188-197. [PMID: 35785256 PMCID: PMC9207221 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
There are few studies on the mechanism of redox status imbalance and intestinal dysfunction in intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) newborn piglets. Here, we investigated the mechanism of jejunum dysfunction in weaned piglets with IUGR and the mechanism through which dimethylglycine sodium salt (DMG-Na) supplementation improving the imbalance of their redox status. In this work, a total of 10 normal birth weight (NBW) newborn piglets and 20 IUGR newborn piglets were obtained. After weaning at 21 d, they were assigned to 3 groups (n = 10/group): NBW weaned piglets fed standard basal diets (NBWC); one IUGR weaned piglets fed standard basal diets (IUGRC); another IUGR weaned piglets from the same litter fed standard basal diets plus 0.1% DMG-Na (IUGRD). The piglets in these 3 groups were sacrificed at 49 d of age, and the blood and jejunum samples were collected immediately. The growth performance values in the IUGRC group were lower (P < 0.05) than those in the NBWC group. Jejunum histomorphological parameters, inflammatory cytokines, and digestive enzyme activity as well as serum immunoglobulin were lower (P < 0.05) in the IUGRC group than those in the NBWC group. Compared with these in the NBWC group, the redox status of serum, jejunum, and mitochondria and the expression levels of jejunum redox status-related, cell adhesion-related, and mitochondrial function-related genes and proteins were suppressed in the IUGRC group (P < 0.05). However, compared with those in the IUGRC group, the growth performance values, jejunum histomorphological parameters, inflammatory cytokines, digestive enzyme activity, serum immunoglobulin, redox status of serum, jejunum, and mitochondria, and the expression levels of jejunum redox status-related, cell adhesion-related, and mitochondrial function-related genes and proteins were improved (P < 0.05) in the IUGRD group. In conclusion, dietary DMG-Na supplementation alleviates redox status imbalance and intestinal dysfunction in IUGR weaned piglets mainly by activating the sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγcoactivator-1α (PGC1α) pathway, thereby improving their unfavorable body state.
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16
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Vo TTT, Huynh TD, Wang CS, Lai KH, Lin ZC, Lin WN, Chen YL, Peng TY, Wu HC, Lee IT. The Potential Implications of Hydrogen Sulfide in Aging and Age-Related Diseases through the Lens of Mitohormesis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081619. [PMID: 36009338 PMCID: PMC9404924 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing increases in the global life expectancy and the incidence of chronic diseases as a direct consequence have highlighted a demand to develop effective strategies for promoting the health of the aging population. Understanding conserved mechanisms of aging across species is believed helpful for the development of approaches to delay the progression of aging and the onset of age-related diseases. Mitochondrial hormesis (or mitohormesis), which can be defined as an evolutionary-based adaptive response to low-level stress, is emerging as a promising paradigm in the field of anti-aging. Depending on the severity of the perceived stress, there are varying levels of hormetic response existing in the mitochondria called mitochondrial stress response. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a volatile, flammable, and toxic gas, with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. However, H2S is now recognized an important gaseous signaling molecule to both physiology and pathophysiology in biological systems. Recent studies that elucidate the importance of H2S as a therapeutic molecule has suggested its protective effects beyond the traditional understanding of its antioxidant properties. H2S can also be crucial for the activation of mitochondrial stress response, postulating a potential mechanism for combating aging and age-related diseases. Therefore, this review focuses on highlighting the involvement of H2S and its sulfur-containing derivatives in the induction of mitochondrial stress response, suggesting a novel possibility of mitohormesis through which this gaseous signaling molecule may promote the healthspan and lifespan of an organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thuy Tien Vo
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Thao Duy Huynh
- Lab of Biomaterial, Department of Histology, Embryology, and Genetics, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City 72500, Vietnam
| | - Ching-Shuen Wang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Hung Lai
- PhD Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Chan Lin
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, and Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi City, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ning Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Lien Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yu Peng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Cheng Wu
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - I-Ta Lee
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-27361661 (ext. 5162); Fax: +886-2-27362295
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17
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Bevere M, Di Cola G, Santangelo C, Grazioli E, Marramiero L, Pignatelli P, Bondi D, Mrakic-Sposta S. Redox-based disruption of cellular hormesis and promotion of degenerative pathways: perspectives on ageing processes. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022; 77:2195-2206. [PMID: 35973816 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work aims to link the redox and cell-centric theories of chronic processes in human biology, focusing on ageing. A synthetic overview of cellular redox pathways will be integrated by the concept of hormesis, which disruption leads to several physiopathological processes. The onset of age-related diseases due to the restriction of homeodynamic capacity will be herein considered in a redox fashion. Up-to-date arguments on hormetic agents, such as geroprotectors, dietary interventions, and physical exercise are refining the presented theoretical framework, integrated by insights from extracellular vesicles, microbiota, pollutants, and timing mechanisms. The broad concepts of exposome encompass the redox-based alteration of cellular hormesis for providing meaningful perspectives on redox biogerontology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Bevere
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Laboratory of Functional Biotechnologies, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giulia Di Cola
- Cancer Genetics Unit, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Milano, Italy
| | - Carmen Santangelo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Elisa Grazioli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy.,Department of Human, Movement Sciences and Health, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Roma, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Marramiero
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Pamela Pignatelli
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy.,Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Danilo Bondi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Simona Mrakic-Sposta
- Institute of Clinical Physiology National Research Council (ICF-CNR), Milano, Italy
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18
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Leonov A, Feldman R, Piano A, Arlia-Ciommo A, Junio JAB, Orfanos E, Tafakori T, Lutchman V, Mohammad K, Elsaser S, Orfali S, Rajen H, Titorenko VI. Diverse geroprotectors differently affect a mechanism linking cellular aging to cellular quiescence in budding yeast. Oncotarget 2022; 13:918-943. [PMID: 35937500 PMCID: PMC9348708 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Leonov
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Rachel Feldman
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Amanda Piano
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | | | | | - Emmanuel Orfanos
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Tala Tafakori
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Vicky Lutchman
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Karamat Mohammad
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Sarah Elsaser
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Sandra Orfali
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Harshvardhan Rajen
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
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19
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Sikder S, Arunkumar G, Melters DP, Dalal Y. Breaking the aging epigenetic barrier. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:943519. [PMID: 35966762 PMCID: PMC9366916 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.943519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is an inexorable event occurring universally for all organisms characterized by the progressive loss of cell function. However, less is known about the key events occurring inside the nucleus in the process of aging. The advent of chromosome capture techniques and extensive modern sequencing technologies have illuminated a rather dynamic structure of chromatin inside the nucleus. As cells advance along their life cycle, chromatin condensation states alter which leads to a different epigenetic landscape, correlated with modified gene expression. The exact factors mediating these changes in the chromatin structure and function remain elusive in the context of aging cells. The accumulation of DNA damage, reactive oxygen species and loss of genomic integrity as cells cease to divide can contribute to a tumor stimulating environment. In this review, we focus on genomic and epigenomic changes occurring in an aged cell which can contribute to age-related tumor formation.
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20
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Promislow D, Anderson RM, Scheffer M, Crespi B, DeGregori J, Harris K, Horowitz BN, Levine ME, Riolo MA, Schneider DS, Spencer SL, Valenzano DR, Hochberg ME. Resilience integrates concepts in aging research. iScience 2022; 25:104199. [PMID: 35494229 PMCID: PMC9044173 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging research is unparalleled in the breadth of disciplines it encompasses, from evolutionary studies examining the forces that shape aging to molecular studies uncovering the underlying mechanisms of age-related functional decline. Despite a common focus to advance our understanding of aging, these disciplines have proceeded along distinct paths with little cross-talk. We propose that the concept of resilience can bridge this gap. Resilience describes the ability of a system to respond to perturbations by returning to its original state. Although resilience has been applied in a few individual disciplines in aging research such as frailty and cognitive decline, it has not been explored as a unifying conceptual framework that is able to connect distinct research fields. We argue that because a resilience-based framework can cross broad physiological levels and time scales it can provide the missing links that connect these diverse disciplines. The resulting framework will facilitate predictive modeling and validation and influence targets and directions in research on the biology of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Promislow
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Corresponding author
| | - Rozalyn M. Anderson
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- GRECC, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Corresponding author
| | - Marten Scheffer
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
- Corresponding author
| | - Bernard Crespi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - James DeGregori
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kelley Harris
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Morgan E. Levine
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06524, USA
| | | | - David S. Schneider
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sabrina L. Spencer
- Department of Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Dario Riccardo Valenzano
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael E. Hochberg
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, 34095 France
- Corresponding author
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21
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Distinct and additive effects of calorie restriction and rapamycin in aging skeletal muscle. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2025. [PMID: 35440545 PMCID: PMC9018781 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29714-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Preserving skeletal muscle function is essential to maintain life quality at high age. Calorie restriction (CR) potently extends health and lifespan, but is largely unachievable in humans, making “CR mimetics” of great interest. CR targets nutrient-sensing pathways centering on mTORC1. The mTORC1 inhibitor, rapamycin, is considered a potential CR mimetic and is proven to counteract age-related muscle loss. Therefore, we tested whether rapamycin acts via similar mechanisms as CR to slow muscle aging. Here we show that long-term CR and rapamycin unexpectedly display distinct gene expression profiles in geriatric mouse skeletal muscle, despite both benefiting aging muscles. Furthermore, CR improves muscle integrity in mice with nutrient-insensitive, sustained muscle mTORC1 activity and rapamycin provides additive benefits to CR in naturally aging mouse muscles. We conclude that rapamycin and CR exert distinct, compounding effects in aging skeletal muscle, thus opening the possibility of parallel interventions to counteract muscle aging. The anti-aging intervention calorie restriction (CR) is thought to act via the nutrient-sensing multiprotein complex mTORC1. Here the authors show that the mTORC1-inhibitor rapamycin and CR use largely distinct mechanisms to slow mouse muscle aging.
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22
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Park JW, Jeong J, Bae YS. Protein Kinase CK2 Is Upregulated by Calorie Restriction and Induces Autophagy. Mol Cells 2022; 45:112-121. [PMID: 34949740 PMCID: PMC8926869 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2021.0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) and the activation of autophagy extend healthspan by delaying the onset of age-associated diseases in most living organisms. Because protein kinase CK2 (CK2) downregulation induces cellular senescence and nematode aging, we investigated CK2's role in CR and autophagy. This study indicated that CR upregulated CK2's expression, thereby causing SIRT1 and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. CK2α overexpression, including antisense inhibitors of miR-186, miR-216b, miR-337-3p, and miR-760, stimulated autophagy initiation and nucleation markers (increase in ATG5, ATG7, LC3BII, beclin-1, and Ulk1, and decrease in SQSTM1/p62). The SIRT1 deacetylase, AKT, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), AMPK, and forkhead homeobox type O (FoxO) 3a were involved in CK2-mediated autophagy. The treatment with the AKT inhibitor triciribine, the AMPK activator AICAR, or the SIRT1 activator resveratrol rescued a reduction in the expression of lgg-1 (the Caenorhabditis elegans ortholog of LC3B), bec-1 (the C. elegans ortholog of beclin-1), and unc-51 (the C. elegans ortholog of Ulk1), mediated by kin-10 (the C. elegans ortholog of CK2β) knockdown in nematodes. Thus, this study indicated that CK2 acted as a positive regulator in CR and autophagy, thereby suggesting that these four miRs' antisense inhibitors can be used as CR mimetics or autophagy inducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Woo Park
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Jihyeon Jeong
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Young-Seuk Bae
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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Curcumin and Ethanol Effects in Trembler-J Schwann Cell Culture. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040515. [PMID: 35454103 PMCID: PMC9025918 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) syndrome is the most common progressive human motor and sensory peripheral neuropathy. CMT type 1E is a demyelinating neuropathy affecting Schwann cells due to peripheral-myelin-protein-22 (PMP22) mutations, modelized by Trembler-J mice. Curcumin, a natural polyphenol compound obtained from turmeric (Curcuma longa), exhibits dose- and time-varying antitumor, antioxidant and neuroprotective properties, however, the neurotherapeutic actions of curcumin remain elusive. Here, we propose curcumin as a possible natural treatment capable of enhancing cellular detoxification mechanisms, resulting in an improvement of the neurodegenerative Trembler-J phenotype. Using a refined method for obtaining enriched Schwann cell cultures, we evaluated the neurotherapeutic action of low dose curcumin treatment on the PMP22 expression, and on the chaperones and autophagy/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways in Trembler-J and wild-type genotypes. In wild-type Schwann cells, the action of curcumin resulted in strong stimulation of the chaperone and macroautophagy pathway, whereas the modulation of ribophagy showed a mild effect. However, despite the promising neuroprotective effects for the treatment of neurological diseases, we demonstrate that the action of curcumin in Trembler-J Schwann cells could be impaired due to the irreversible impact of ethanol used as a common curcumin vehicle necessary for administration. These results contribute to expanding our still limited understanding of PMP22 biology in neurobiology and expose the intrinsic lability of the neurodegenerative Trembler-J genotype. Furthermore, they unravel interesting physiological mechanisms of cellular resilience relevant to the pharmacological treatment of the neurodegenerative Tremble J phenotype with curcumin and ethanol. We conclude that the analysis of the effects of the vehicle itself is an essential and inescapable step to comprehensibly assess the effects and full potential of curcumin treatment for therapeutic purposes.
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Maldonado M, Chen J, Duan H, Zhou S, Yang L, Raja MA, Huang T, Jiang G, Zhong Y. Effects of caloric overload before caloric restriction in the murine heart. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:2695-2719. [PMID: 35347086 PMCID: PMC9004582 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of caloric restriction (CR) against cardiac aging and for prevention of cardiovascular diseases are numerous. However, to our knowledge, there is no scientific evidence about how a high-calorie diet (HCD) background influences the mechanisms underlying CR in whole heart tissue (WHT) in experimental murine models. In the current study, CR-treated mice with different alimentary backgrounds were subjected to transthoracic echocardiographic measurements. WHT was then analyzed to determine cardiac energetics, telomerase activity, the expression of energy-sensing networks, tissue-specific adiponectin, and cardiac precursor/cardiac stem cell markers. Animals with a balanced diet consumption before CR presented marked cardiac remodeling with improved ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS), enhanced OXPHOS complex I, III, and IV, and CKMT2 enzymatic activity. Mice fed an HCD before CR presented moderate changes in cardiac geometry with diminished EF and FS values, but improved OXPHOS complex IV and CKMT2 activity. Differences in cardiac remodeling, left ventricular systolic/diastolic performance, and mitochondrial energetics, found in the CR-treated mice with contrasting alimentary backgrounds, were corroborated by inconsistencies in the expression of mitochondrial-biogenesis-related markers and associated regulatory networks. In particular, disruption of eNOS and AMPK -PGC-1α-mTOR-related axes. The impact of a past habit of caloric overload on the effects of CR in the WHT is a scarcely explored subject that requires deeper study in combination with analyses of other tissues and organs at higher levels of organization within the organ system. Such research will eventually lead to the development of preventative and therapeutic strategies to promote health and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Maldonado
- Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Jianying Chen
- Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Huiqin Duan
- Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Shuling Zhou
- Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Lujun Yang
- Translational Medical Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Mazhar Ali Raja
- Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Tianhua Huang
- Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Gu Jiang
- Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Ying Zhong
- Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Chengdu 610066, China
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Long Non-Coding RNA KCNQ1OT1 Regulates Protein Kinase CK2 Via miR-760 in Senescence and Calorie Restriction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031888. [PMID: 35163809 PMCID: PMC8836653 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important biological roles. Here, the roles of the lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 in cellular senescence and calorie restriction were determined. KCNQ1OT1 knockdown mediated various senescence markers (increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining, the p53-p21Cip1/WAF1 pathway, H3K9 trimethylation, and expression of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype) and reactive oxygen species generation via CK2α downregulation in human cancer HCT116 and MCF-7 cells. Additionally, KCNQ1OT1 was downregulated during replicative senescence, and its silencing induced senescence in human lung fibroblast IMR-90 cells. Additionally, an miR-760 mimic suppressed KCNQ1OT1-mediated CK2α upregulation, indicating that KCNQ1OT1 upregulated CK2α by sponging miR-760. Finally, the KCNQ1OT1–miR-760 axis was involved in both lipopolysaccharide-mediated CK2α reduction and calorie restriction (CR)-mediated CK2α induction in these cells. Therefore, for the first time, this study demonstrates that the KCNQ1OT1–miR-760–CK2α pathway plays essential roles in senescence and CR, thereby suggesting that KCNQ1OT1 is a novel therapeutic target for an alternative treatment that mimics the effects of anti-aging and CR.
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ROS-Induced Oxidative Damage and Mitochondrial Dysfunction Mediated by Inhibition of SIRT3 in Cultured Cochlear Cells. Neural Plast 2022; 2022:5567174. [PMID: 35096052 PMCID: PMC8791755 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5567174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is one of the most common causes of disability worldwide. Previous evidence suggests that reactive oxygen species (ROS) may play an important role in the occurrence and development of SNHL, while its mechanism remains unclear. We cultured dissected organs of Corti in medium containing different concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, and 1.25 mM) of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and established a four-concentration model of 0, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 mM to study different degrees of damage. We examined ROS-induced mitochondrial damage and the role of sirtuin 3 (SIRT3). Our results revealed that the number of ribbon synapses and hair cells appeared significantly concentration-dependent decrease with exposure to H2O2. Outer hair cells (OHCs) and inner hair cells (IHCs) began to be lost, and activation of apoptosis of hair cells (HCs) was observed at 0.75 mM and 1 mM H2O2, respectively. In contrast with the control group, the accumulation of ROS was significantly higher, and the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was lower in the H2O2-treated groups. Furthermore, the expression of SIRT3, FOXO3A, and SOD2 proteins declined, except for an initial elevation of SIRT3 between 0 and 0.75 mM H2O2. Administration of the selective SIRT3 inhibitor 3-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl) pyridine resulted in increased damage to the cochlea, including loss of ribbon synapses and hair cells, apoptosis of hair cells, more production of ROS, and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. Thoroughly, our results highlight that ROS-induced mitochondrial oxidative damage drives hair cell degeneration and apoptosis. Furthermore, SIRT3 is crucial for preserving mitochondrial function and protecting the cochlea from oxidative damage and may represent a possible therapeutic target for SNHL.
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Ahmad AA, Draves SO, Rosca M. Mitochondria in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112945. [PMID: 34831168 PMCID: PMC8616075 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD) in the USA. The pathogenesis of DKD is multifactorial and involves activation of multiple signaling pathways with merging outcomes including thickening of the basement membrane, podocyte loss, mesangial expansion, tubular atrophy, and interstitial inflammation and fibrosis. The glomerulo-tubular balance and tubule-glomerular feedback support an increased glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption, with the latter relying heavily on ATP and increasing the energy demand. There is evidence that alterations in mitochondrial bioenergetics in kidney cells lead to these pathologic changes and contribute to the progression of DKD towards ESRD. This review will focus on the dialogue between alterations in bioenergetics in glomerular and tubular cells and its role in the development of DKD. Alterations in energy substrate selection, electron transport chain, ATP generation, oxidative stress, redox status, protein posttranslational modifications, mitochondrial dynamics, and quality control will be discussed. Understanding the role of bioenergetics in the progression of diabetic DKD may provide novel therapeutic approaches to delay its progression to ESRD.
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Mizunoe Y, Kobayashi M, Saito H, Goto A, Migitaka R, Miura K, Okita N, Sudo Y, Tagawa R, Yoshida M, Umemori A, Nakagawa Y, Shimano H, Higami Y. Prolonged caloric restriction ameliorates age-related atrophy in slow and fast muscle fibers of rat soleus muscle. Exp Gerontol 2021; 154:111519. [PMID: 34416335 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aging causes loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, which is called sarcopenia. While sarcopenia impairs the quality of life of older adults and is a major factor in long-term hospitalization, its detailed pathogenic mechanism and preventive measures remain to be identified. Caloric restriction (CR) suppresses age-related physiological and pathological changes in many species and prolongs the average and healthy life expectancy. It has recently been reported that CR suppresses the onset of sarcopenia; however, few studies have analyzed the effects of long-term CR on age-related skeletal muscle atrophy. Thus, we investigated the aging and CR effects on soleus (SOL) muscles of 9-, 24-, and 29-month-old ad libitum-fed rats (9AL, 24AL, and 29AL, respectively) and of 29-month-old CR (29CR) rats. The total muscle cross sectional area (mCSA) of the entire SOL muscle significantly decreased in the 29AL rats, but not in the 24AL rats, compared with the 9AL rats. SOL muscle of the 29AL rats exhibited marked muscle fiber atrophy and increases in the number of muscle fibers with a central nucleus, in fibrosis, and in adipocyte infiltration. Additionally, although the decrease in the single muscle fiber cross-sectional area (fCSA) and the muscle fibers' number occurred in both slow-type and fast-type muscle fibers, the degree of atrophy was more remarkable in the fast-type fibers. However, CR suppressed the muscle fiber atrophy observed in the 29AL rats' SOL muscle by preserving the mCSA and the number of muscle fibers that declined with aging, and by decreasing the number of muscle fibers with a central nucleus, fibrosis and denervated muscle fibers. Overall, these results revealed that advanced aging separately reduces the number and fCSA of each muscle fiber type, but long-term CR can ameliorate this age-related sarcopenic muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhei Mizunoe
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masaki Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology & Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroki Saito
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology & Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akifumi Goto
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology & Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryota Migitaka
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology & Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kumi Miura
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology & Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Okita
- Division of Pathological Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, Sanyo-onoda, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yuka Sudo
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology & Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryoma Tagawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology & Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Miki Yoshida
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology & Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ai Umemori
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology & Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Nakagawa
- Division of Complex Biosystem Research, Department of Research and Development, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shimano
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Higami
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology & Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan.
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Mulvey L, Wilkie SE, Borland G, Griffiths K, Sinclair A, McGuinness D, Watson DG, Selman C. Strain-specific metabolic responses to long-term caloric restriction in female ILSXISS recombinant inbred mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 535:111376. [PMID: 34246728 PMCID: PMC8417819 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The role that genetic background may play in the responsiveness of organisms to interventions such as caloric restriction (CR) is underappreciated but potentially important. We investigated the impact of genetic background on a suite of metabolic parameters in female recombinant inbred ILSXISS mouse strains previously reported to show divergent lifespan responses to 40% CR (TejJ89-lifespan extension; TejJ48-lifespan unaffected; TejJ114-lifespan shortening). Body mass was reduced across all strains following 10 months of 40% CR, although this loss (relative to ad libitum controls) was greater in TejJ114 relative to the other strains. Gonadal white adipose tissue (gWAT) mass was similarly reduced across all strains following 40% CR, but brown adipose tissue (BAT) mass increased only in strains TejJ89 and TejJ48. Surprisingly, glucose tolerance was improved most notably by CR in TejJ114, while both strains TejJ89 and TejJ114 were hyperinsulinemic following CR relative to their AL controls. We subsequently undertook an unbiased metabolomic approach in gWAT and BAT tissue derived from strains TejJ89 and TejJ114 mice under AL and 40% CR. In gWAT from TejJ89 a significant reduction in several long chain unsaturated fatty acids was observed following 40% CR, but gWAT from TejJ114 appeared relatively unresponsive to CR with far fewer metabolites changing. Phosphatidylethanoloamine lipids within the BAT were typically elevated in TejJ89 following CR, while some phosphatidylglycerol lipids were decreased. However, BAT from strain TejJ114 again appeared unresponsive to CR. These data highlight strain-specific metabolic differences exist in ILSXISS mice following 40% CR. We suggest that precisely how different fat depots respond dynamically to CR may be an important factor in the variable longevity under 40% CR reported in these mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna Mulvey
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Stephen E Wilkie
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Gillian Borland
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Kate Griffiths
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Amy Sinclair
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Dagmara McGuinness
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - David G Watson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, The John Arbuthnott Building, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Colin Selman
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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Gene expression correlates of advanced epigenetic age and psychopathology in postmortem cortical tissue. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 15:100371. [PMID: 34458511 PMCID: PMC8377489 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric stress has been associated with accelerated epigenetic aging (i.e., when estimates of cellular age based on DNA methylation exceed chronological age) in both blood and brain tissue. Little is known about the downstream biological effects of accelerated epigenetic age on gene expression. In this study we examined associations between DNA methylation-derived estimates of cellular age that range from decelerated to accelerated relative to chronological age (“DNAm age residuals”) and transcriptome-wide gene expression. This was examined using tissue from three post-mortem cortical regions (ventromedial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and motor cortex, n = 97) from the VA National PTSD Brain Bank. In addition, we examined how posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol-use disorders (AUD) moderated the association between DNAm age residuals and gene expression. Transcriptome-wide results across brain regions, psychiatric diagnoses, and cohorts (full sample and male and female subsets) revealed experiment-wide differential expression of 11 genes in association with PTSD or AUD in interaction with DNAm age residuals. This included the inflammation-related genes IL1B, RCOR2, and GCNT1. Candidate gene class analyses and gene network enrichment analyses further supported differential expression of inflammation/immune gene networks as well as glucocorticoid, circadian, and oxidative stress-related genes. Gene co-expression network modules suggested enrichment of myelination related processes and oligodendrocyte enrichment in association with DNAm age residuals in the presence of psychopathology. Collectively, results suggest that psychiatric stress accentuates the association between advanced epigenetic age and expression of inflammation genes in the brain. This highlights the role of inflammatory processes in the pathophysiology of accelerated cellular aging and suggests that inflammatory pathways may link accelerated cellular aging to premature disease onset and neurodegeneration, particularly in stressed populations. This suggests that anti-inflammatory interventions may be an important direction to pursue in evaluating ways to prevent or delay cellular aging and increase resilience to diseases of aging.
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Bai K, Jiang L, Li Q, Zhang J, Zhang L, Wang T. Dietary dimethylglycine sodium salt supplementation improves growth performance, redox status, and skeletal muscle function of intrauterine growth-restricted weaned piglets. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6295646. [PMID: 34107017 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Few studies have focused on the role of dimethylglycine sodium (DMG-Na) salt in protecting the redox status of skeletal muscle, although it is reported to be beneficial in animal husbandry. This study investigated the beneficial effects of DMG-Na salt on the growth performance, longissimus dorsi muscle (LM) redox status, and mitochondrial function in weaning piglets that were intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR). Ten normal birth weight (NBW) newborn piglets (1.53 ± 0.04 kg) and 20 IUGR newborn piglets (0.76 ± 0.06 kg) from 10 sows were obtained. All piglets were weaned at 21 d of age and allocated to the three groups with 10 replicates per group: NBW weaned piglets fed a common basal diet (N); IUGR weaned piglets fed a common basal diet (I); IUGR weaned piglets fed a common basal diet supplemented with 0.1% DMG-Na (ID). They were slaughtered at 49 d of age to collect the serum and LM samples. Compared with the N group, the growth performance, LM structure, serum, and, within the LM, mitochondrial redox status, mitochondrial respiratory chain complex activity, energy metabolites, redox status-related, cell adhesion-related, and mitochondrial function-related gene expression, and protein expression deteriorated in group I (P < 0.05). The ID group showed improved growth performance, LM structure, serum, and, within the LM, mitochondrial redox status, mitochondrial respiratory chain complex activity, energy metabolites, redox status-related, cell adhesion-related, and mitochondrial function-related gene expression, and protein expression compared with those in the I group (P < 0.05). The above results indicated that the DMG-Na salt treatment could improve the LM redox status and mitochondrial function in IUGR weaned piglets via the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/sirtuin 1/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγcoactivator-1α network, thus improving their growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Bai
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Luyi Jiang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Qiming Li
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Jingfei Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Lili Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Tian Wang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, P. R. China
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Joshi P, Perni M, Limbocker R, Mannini B, Casford S, Chia S, Habchi J, Labbadia J, Dobson CM, Vendruscolo M. Two human metabolites rescue a C. elegans model of Alzheimer's disease via a cytosolic unfolded protein response. Commun Biol 2021; 4:843. [PMID: 34234268 PMCID: PMC8263720 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02218-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related changes in cellular metabolism can affect brain homeostasis, creating conditions that are permissive to the onset and progression of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Although the roles of metabolites have been extensively studied with regard to cellular signaling pathways, their effects on protein aggregation remain relatively unexplored. By computationally analysing the Human Metabolome Database, we identified two endogenous metabolites, carnosine and kynurenic acid, that inhibit the aggregation of the amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) and rescue a C. elegans model of Alzheimer's disease. We found that these metabolites act by triggering a cytosolic unfolded protein response through the transcription factor HSF-1 and downstream chaperones HSP40/J-proteins DNJ-12 and DNJ-19. These results help rationalise previous observations regarding the possible anti-ageing benefits of these metabolites by providing a mechanism for their action. Taken together, our findings provide a link between metabolite homeostasis and protein homeostasis, which could inspire preventative interventions against neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Joshi
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, Centre for Misfolding Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK ,grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Present Address: The California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3-Berkeley), University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Michele Perni
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, Centre for Misfolding Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ryan Limbocker
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, Centre for Misfolding Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK ,grid.419884.80000 0001 2287 2270Present Address: Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY USA
| | - Benedetta Mannini
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, Centre for Misfolding Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sam Casford
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, Centre for Misfolding Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sean Chia
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, Centre for Misfolding Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Johnny Habchi
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, Centre for Misfolding Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Johnathan Labbadia
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher M. Dobson
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, Centre for Misfolding Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michele Vendruscolo
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, Centre for Misfolding Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Wauters R, Britton SJ, Verstrepen KJ. Old yeasts, young beer-The industrial relevance of yeast chronological life span. Yeast 2021; 38:339-351. [PMID: 33978982 PMCID: PMC8252602 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Much like other living organisms, yeast cells have a limited life span, in terms of both the maximal length of time a cell can stay alive (chronological life span) and the maximal number of cell divisions it can undergo (replicative life span). Over the past years, intensive research revealed that the life span of yeast depends on both the genetic background of the cells and environmental factors. Specifically, the presence of stress factors, reactive oxygen species, and the availability of nutrients profoundly impact life span, and signaling cascades involved in the response to these factors, including the target of rapamycin (TOR) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) pathways, play a central role. Interestingly, yeast life span also has direct implications for its use in industrial processes. In beer brewing, for example, the inoculation of finished beer with live yeast cells, a process called "bottle conditioning" helps improve the product's shelf life by clearing undesirable carbonyl compounds such as furfural and 2-methylpropanal that cause staling. However, this effect depends on the reductive metabolism of living cells and is thus inherently limited by the cells' chronological life span. Here, we review the mechanisms underlying chronological life span in yeast. We also discuss how this insight connects to industrial observations and ultimately opens new routes towards superior industrial yeasts that can help improve a product's shelf life and thus contribute to a more sustainable industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Wauters
- Laboratory for Systems BiologyVIB Center for MicrobiologyLeuvenBelgium
- CMPG Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Department M2SKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Scott J. Britton
- Research and DevelopmentDuvel MoortgatPuurs‐Sint‐AmandsBelgium
- International Centre for Brewing and Distilling, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Physical SciencesHeriot‐Watt UniversityEdinburghUK
| | - Kevin J. Verstrepen
- Laboratory for Systems BiologyVIB Center for MicrobiologyLeuvenBelgium
- CMPG Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Department M2SKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
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Rackova L, Mach M, Brnoliakova Z. An update in toxicology of ageing. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 84:103611. [PMID: 33581363 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The field of ageing research has been rapidly advancing in recent decades and it had provided insight into the complexity of ageing phenomenon. However, as the organism-environment interaction appears to significantly affect the organismal pace of ageing, the systematic approach for gerontogenic risk assessment of environmental factors has yet to be established. This puts demand on development of effective biomarker of ageing, as a relevant tool to quantify effects of gerontogenic exposures, contingent on multidisciplinary research approach. Here we review the current knowledge regarding the main endogenous gerontogenic pathways involved in acceleration of ageing through environmental exposures. These include inflammatory and oxidative stress-triggered processes, dysregulation of maintenance of cellular anabolism and catabolism and loss of protein homeostasis. The most effective biomarkers showing specificity and relevancy to ageing phenotypes are summarized, as well. The crucial part of this review was dedicated to the comprehensive overview of environmental gerontogens including various types of radiation, certain types of pesticides, heavy metals, drugs and addictive substances, unhealthy dietary patterns, and sedentary life as well as psychosocial stress. The reported effects in vitro and in vivo of both recognized and potential gerontogens are described with respect to the up-to-date knowledge in geroscience. Finally, hormetic and ageing decelerating effects of environmental factors are briefly discussed, as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Rackova
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Mojmir Mach
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Brnoliakova
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Dietary restriction transforms the mammalian protein persulfidome in a tissue-specific and cystathionine γ-lyase-dependent manner. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1745. [PMID: 33741971 PMCID: PMC7979915 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22001-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a cytoprotective redox-active metabolite that signals through protein persulfidation (R-SSnH). Despite the known importance of persulfidation, tissue-specific persulfidome profiles and their associated functions are not well characterized, specifically under conditions and interventions known to modulate H2S production. We hypothesize that dietary restriction (DR), which increases lifespan and can boost H2S production, expands tissue-specific persulfidomes. Here, we find protein persulfidation enriched in liver, kidney, muscle, and brain but decreased in heart of young and aged male mice under two forms of DR, with DR promoting persulfidation in numerous metabolic and aging-related pathways. Mice lacking cystathionine γ-lyase (CGL) have overall decreased tissue protein persulfidation numbers and fail to functionally augment persulfidomes in response to DR, predominantly in kidney, muscle, and brain. Here, we define tissue- and CGL-dependent persulfidomes and how diet transforms their makeup, underscoring the breadth for DR and H2S to impact biological processes and organismal health. Dietary restriction (DR) can increase protein persulfidation but the tissue specificity of this process is not well understood. Here, the authors compare organ-specific protein persulfidomes in young and aged mice under DR, and show that DR-dependent persulfidome changes depend on cystathionine γ-lyase.
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Pardo R, Velilla M, Herrero L, Cervela L, Ribeiro ML, Simó R, Villena JA. Calorie Restriction and SIRT1 Overexpression Induce Different Gene Expression Profiles in White Adipose Tissue in Association with Metabolic Improvement. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2000672. [PMID: 33686759 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Calorie restriction (CR) exerts multiple effects on health, including the amelioration of systemic insulin resistance. Although the precise mechanisms by which CR improves glucose homeostasis remain poorly defined, SIRT1 has been suggested to act as a central mediator of the cellular responses to CR. Here, we aim at identifying the mechanisms by which CR and SIRT1 modulate white adipose tissue (WAT) function, a key tissue in the control of glucose homeostasis. MATERIAL AND METHODS A gene expression profiling study using DNA microarrays is conducted in WAT of control and SIRT1 transgenic mice fed ad libitum (AL) and mice subjected to 40% CR. RESULTS Gene expression profiling reveals a relatively low degree of overlap between the transcriptional programs regulated by SIRT1 and CR. Gene networks related to extracellular matrix appear commonly downregulated by SIRT1/CR, whereas mitochondrial biogenesis is enhanced exclusively by CR. Moreover, WAT inflammation is reduced by CR and SIRT1, although their anti-inflammatory effects appeared to be achieved by regulating different gene networks related to the immune system. CONCLUDING REMARKS In WAT, SIRT1 does not mediate most of the effects of CR on gene expression. Still, gene networks differentially regulated by SIRT1 and CR converge to reduce WAT inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Pardo
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Obesity, Vall d'Hebron - Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Marc Velilla
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Obesity, Vall d'Hebron - Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Laura Herrero
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,CIBEROBN, CIBER on Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Luis Cervela
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Obesity, Vall d'Hebron - Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Marcelo L Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Obesity, Vall d'Hebron - Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08035, Spain.,Post Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade São Francisco (USF), Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Rafael Simó
- Group of Diabetes and Metabolism, Vall d'Hebron - Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08035, Spain.,CIBERDEM, CIBER on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Josep A Villena
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Obesity, Vall d'Hebron - Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08035, Spain.,CIBERDEM, CIBER on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
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Late-life intermittent fasting decreases aging-related frailty and increases renal hydrogen sulfide production in a sexually dimorphic manner. GeroScience 2021; 43:1527-1554. [PMID: 33675469 PMCID: PMC8492807 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00330-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Global average life expectancy continues to rise. As aging increases the likelihood of frailty, which encompasses metabolic, musculoskeletal, and cognitive deficits, there is a need for effective anti-aging treatments. It is well established in model organisms that dietary restriction (DR), such as caloric restriction or protein restriction, enhances health and lifespan. However, DR is not widely implemented in the clinic due to patient compliance and its lack of mechanistic underpinnings. Thus, the present study tested the effects of a somewhat more clinically applicable and adoptable DR regimen, every-other-day (EOD) intermittent fasting, on frailty in 20-month-old male and female C57BL/6 mice. Frailty was determined by a series of metabolic, musculoskeletal, and cognitive tasks performed prior to and toward the end of the 2.5-month dietary intervention. Late-life EOD fasting attenuated overall energy intake, hypothalamic inflammatory gene expression, and frailty in males. However, it failed to reduce overall caloric intake and had a little positive effect in females. Given that the selected benefits of DR are dependent on augmented production of the gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and that renal H2S production declines with age, we tested the effects of EOD fasting on renal H2S production capacity and its connection to frailty in males. EOD fasting boosted renal H2S production, which positively correlated with improvements in multiple components of frailty tasks. Therefore, late-life initiated EOD fasting is sufficient to reduce aging-related frailty, at least in males, and suggests that renal H2S production capacity may modulate the effects of late-life EOD fasting on frailty.
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Mladenovic Djordjevic A, Loncarevic-Vasiljkovic N, Gonos ES. Dietary Restriction and Oxidative Stress: Friends or Enemies? Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:421-438. [PMID: 32242468 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Significance: It is well established that lifestyle and dietary habits have a tremendous impact on life span, the rate of aging, and the onset/progression of age-related diseases. Specifically, dietary restriction (DR) and other healthy dietary patterns are usually accompanied by physical activity and differ from Western diet that is rich in fat and sugars. Moreover, as the generation of reactive oxidative species is the major causative factor of aging, while DR could modify the level of oxidative stress, it has been proposed that DR increases both survival and longevity. Recent Advances: Despite the documented links between DR, aging, and oxidative stress, many issues remain to be addressed. For instance, the free radical theory of aging is under "re-evaluation," while DR as a golden standard for prolonging life span and ameliorating the effects of aging is also under debate. Critical Issues: This review article pays special attention to highlight the link between DR and oxidative stress in both aging and age-related diseases. We discuss in particular DR's capability to counteract the consequences of oxidative stress and the molecular mechanisms involved in these processes. Future Directions: Although DR is undoubtedly beneficial, several considerations must be taken into account when designing the best dietary intervention. Use of intermittent fasting, daily food reduction, or DR mimetics? Future research should unravel the pros and cons of all these processes. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 421-438.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Mladenovic Djordjevic
- Department for Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic," National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Natasa Loncarevic-Vasiljkovic
- Department for Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic," National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Efstathios S Gonos
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
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Neff E, Dharmarajan G. The direct and indirect effects of copper on vector-borne disease dynamics. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 269:116213. [PMID: 33302085 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metal pollution is a growing concern that affects the health of humans and animals globally. Copper is an essential insect micronutrient required for respiration, pigmentation and oxidative stress protection but can also act as a potentially toxic trace element. While several studies have focused on the negative fitness effects of copper on the aquatic larvae of mosquitoes, the effects of larval copper exposure on adult mosquito fitness (i.e., survival and fecundity) and their ability to transmit parasites (i.e., vector competence) remains unclear. Here, using a well-studied model vector-parasite system, the mosquito Aedes aegypti and parasite Dirofilaria immitis, we show that sublethal copper exposure in larval mosquitoes alters adult female fecundity and vector competence. Specifically, mosquitoes exposed to copper had a hormetic fecundity response and mosquitoes exposed to 600 μg/L of copper had significantly fewer infective parasite larvae than control mosquitoes not exposed to copper. Thus, exposure of mosquito larvae to copper levels far below EPA-mandated safe drinking water limits (1300 μg/L) can impact vector-borne disease dynamics not only by reducing mosquito abundance (through increased larval mortality), but also by reducing parasite transmission risk. Our results also demonstrated that larval copper is retained through metamorphosis to adulthood in mosquitoes, indicating that these insects could transfer copper from aquatic to terrestrial foodwebs, especially in urban areas where they are abundant. To our knowledge this is the first study to directly link metal exposure with vector competence (i.e., ability to transmit parasites) in any vector-parasite system. Additionally, it also demonstrates unequivocally that mosquitoes can transfer contaminants from aquatic to terrestrial ecosystems. These results have broad implications for public health because they directly linking contaminants and vector-borne disease dynamics, as well as linking mosquitoes and contaminant dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Neff
- Savannah River Ecology Lab, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC, 29801, USA; Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Guha Dharmarajan
- Savannah River Ecology Lab, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC, 29801, USA
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40
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Resveratrol confers neuroprotection against high-fat diet in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease via modulation of proteolytic mechanisms. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 89:108569. [PMID: 33321185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cumulative evidence indicates that excessive consumption of calories from saturated fat contributes to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we assess the triggering and progression of AD pathology induced by a high-fat diet (HFD), and the effects of resveratrol, a polyphenol found in common dietary sources with pleiotropic neuroprotective activities. Over 16 weeks, male wild type (WT) and AD transgenic 5XFAD mice were fed a control diet, HFD (60% kcal from fat), or HFD supplemented with 0.1% resveratrol. Resveratrol protected against HFD-induced memory loss in WT mice and prevented memory loss in 5XFAD mice. Resveratrol also reduced the amyloid burden aggravated by HFD in 5XFAD, and protected against HFD-induced tau pathology in both WT and 5XFAD strains. At the mechanistic level, resveratrol inhibited the HFD-increased amyloidogenic processing of the amyloid precursor protein in both strains; it also restored abnormal high levels in the proteolytic activity of the ubiquitin-proteasome system induced by HFD, suggesting the presence of a compensatory mechanism to counteract the accumulation of aberrant proteins. Thus, our data suggest that resveratrol can correct the harmful effects of HFD in the brain and may be a potential therapeutic agent against obesity-related disorders and AD pathology.
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Blackstone NW, Gutterman JU. Can natural selection and druggable targets synergize? Of nutrient scarcity, cancer, and the evolution of cooperation. Bioessays 2020; 43:e2000160. [PMID: 33165962 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Since the dawn of molecular biology, cancer therapy has focused on druggable targets. Despite some remarkable successes, cell-level evolution remains a potent antagonist to this approach. We suggest that a deeper understanding of the breakdown of cooperation can synergize the evolutionary and druggable-targets approaches. Complexity requires cooperation, whether between cells of different species (symbiosis) or between cells of the same organism (multicellularity). Both forms of cooperation may be associated with nutrient scarcity, which in turn may be associated with a chemiosmotic metabolism. A variety of examples from modern organisms supports these generalities. Indeed, mammalian cancers-unicellular, glycolytic, and fast-replicating-parallel these examples. Nutrient scarcity, chemiosmosis, and associated signaling may favor cooperation, while under conditions of nutrient abundance a fermentative metabolism may signal the breakdown of cooperation. Manipulating this metabolic milieu may potentiate the effects of targeted therapeutics. Specific opportunities are discussed in this regard, including avicins, a novel plant product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil W Blackstone
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | - Jordan U Gutterman
- Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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42
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Sex-related differences in behavioural markers in adult mice for the prediction of lifespan. Biogerontology 2020; 22:49-62. [PMID: 33064225 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-020-09902-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Finding biomarkers to assess the rate of ageing and consequently, to forecast individual lifespan is a challenge in ageing research. We recently published a mathematical model for lifespan prediction in adult female mice using behavioural parameters such as internal locomotion and time spent in open arms in the hole board (HB) and elevated plus maze (EPM) tests, respectively. Nevertheless, it is still not known if these behavioural variables could be useful in forecasting lifespan in male mice. Therefore, two groups of ICR-CD1 mice, male and female were subjected to the EPM, HB and T-maze tests at the adult age. Mice were monitored until they died and individual lifespans were registered. In general, adult male mice showed more anxiety-like behaviours than females. The mathematical model previously developed in females was validated with the female cohort, but found to be suboptimal for lifespan prediction in males. Thus, a new model for male lifespan prediction was constructed including the behavioural variables that were predictive of lifespan in males: time in the central platform of the EPM, inner locomotion, number of groomings and number and duration of head-dippings in the HB. These results confirm that the higher the anxiety-like behaviour at the adult age, the shorter the lifespan.
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Lu J, Li Y, Mollinari C, Garaci E, Merlo D, Pei G. Amyloid-β Oligomers-induced Mitochondrial DNA Repair Impairment Contributes to Altered Human Neural Stem Cell Differentiation. Curr Alzheimer Res 2020; 16:934-949. [PMID: 31642778 DOI: 10.2174/1567205016666191023104036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyloid-β42 oligomers (Aβ42O), the proximate effectors of neurotoxicity observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD), can induce mitochondrial oxidative stress and impair mitochondrial function besides causing mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage. Aβ42O also regulate the proliferative and differentiative properties of stem cells. OBJECTIVE We aimed to study whether Aβ42O-induced mtDNA damage is involved in the regulation of stem cell differentiation. METHOD Human iPSCs-derived neural stem cell (NSC) was applied to investigate the effect of Aβ42O on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and DNA damage using mitoSOX staining and long-range PCR lesion assay, respectively. mtDNA repair activity was measured by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) in vitro assay using mitochondria isolates and the expression and localization of NHEJ components were determined by Western blot and immunofluorescence assay. The expressions of Tuj-1 and GFAP, detected by immunofluorescence and qPCR, respectively, were examined as an index of neurons and astrocytes production. RESULTS We show that in NSC Aβ42O treatment induces ROS production and mtDNA damage and impairs DNA end joining activity. NHEJ components, such as Ku70/80, DNA-PKcs, and XRCC4, are localized in mitochondria and silencing of XRCC4 significantly exacerbates the effect of Aβ42O on mtDNA integrity. On the contrary, pre-treatment with Phytic Acid (IP6), which specifically stimulates DNA-PK-dependent end-joining, inhibits Aβ42O-induced mtDNA damage and neuronal differentiation alteration. CONCLUSION Aβ42O-induced mtDNA repair impairment may change cell fate thus shifting human NSC differentiation toward an astrocytic lineage. Repair stimulation counteracts Aβ42O neurotoxicity, suggesting mtDNA repair pathway as a potential target for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders like AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Cristiana Mollinari
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Garaci
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy.,Telematic University San Raffaele, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Merlo
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy
| | - Gang Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Mugel SG, Naug D. Metabolic rate shapes phenotypic covariance among physiological, behavioral, and life-history traits in honeybees. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-020-02901-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Makino N, Maeda T. Calorie restriction delays cardiac senescence and improves cardiac function in obese diabetic rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 476:221-229. [PMID: 32918706 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03899-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate the impact of caloric restriction (CR) on cardiac senescence in an animal model of diabetes and examine the signal transduction mechanisms for changes in cell survival as well as cardiac function. Male 8-week-old Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty (OLETF) diabetic rats were divided into 2 groups: a group fed ad libitum (AL), and a group fed with CR (30% energy reduction). Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) non-diabetic rats were used as controls. LETO rats were divided into 3 groups: a high fat diet (HFD) group with a 22% increase in caloric intake, a CR group, and a group fed AL. At 40 weeks of age, the telomere length was significantly shorter in the heart tissue of HFD rats but was not altered by CR in experimental rats with or without CR, however, telomerase activity in both strains of CR rats was significantly elevated. Protein expression of IGF-1, Sirt 1 and phospho-FoxO1 was increased in both CR groups. Echocardiography showed that CR preserved LV diastolic function with a significantly shorter E-wave deceleration time and a greater E/A ratio compared with the AL groups. These findings suggest that CR protocol increased telomerase activity without changing of telomere length, enhanced autophagy and improved LV diastolic function in animal model of diabetes rats. It is finally suggested that those impacts may be important for the maintenance of normal cardiac function and for delayed cardiac aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Makino
- Division of Cardiology and Clinical Gerontology, Department of Internal Medicine, Beppu Hospital, Kyushu University, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu, 874-0838, Japan.
| | - Toyoki Maeda
- Division of Cardiology and Clinical Gerontology, Department of Internal Medicine, Beppu Hospital, Kyushu University, 4546 Tsurumihara, Beppu, 874-0838, Japan
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Bozzetti F, Stanga Z. Does nutrition for cancer patients feed the tumour? A clinical perspective. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 153:103061. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Waldman HS, Heatherly AJ, Killen LG, Hollingsworth A, Koh Y, OʼNeal EK. A 3-Week, Low-Carbohydrate, High-Fat Diet Improves Multiple Serum Inflammatory Markers in Endurance-Trained Males. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 36:2502-2508. [PMID: 32826835 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Waldman, HS, Heatherly, AJ, Killen, LG, Hollingsworth, A, Koh, Y, and O'Neal, EK. A three-week, low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet improves multiple serum inflammatory markers in endurance-trained males. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-This study examined the effects of a low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet (LCHF) on inflammatory marker responses in middle-aged endurance athletes. Eight male runners maintained their habitual mixed diet (HMD) in the first phase of the study before switching to a noncalorically restricted LCHF diet (∼70% of kcals from fat; carbohydrate <50 g) for 3 weeks. Subjects completed a 50-minute fixed pace treadmill running protocol in a hot environment, followed by a 5-km outdoor time trial. Fasting serum samples were collected immediately after exercise and heat stress restriction, and again 24 hours after the exercise/heat stressor. Thirty inflammation markers were assessed using the multiplex flow immunoassay technique. Seven markers (BAFF/TNFSF-13, sCD30/TNFRSF8, sCD163, Chitinase3-like1, gp130SIL-6Rβ, sTNFR-1, and sTNFR-2) reached statistical significance (p < 0.05) favoring LCHF before exercise, and sCD30/TNFRSF8 favored (p < 0.05) LCHF before (HMD = 459 ± 111; LCHF = 296 ± 100) and after (HMD = 385 ± 104; LCHF = 285 ± 104 pg·ml) exercise. Although the current dietary intervention was short in duration, LCHF seems to offer some protection against multiple chronic inflammation markers for physically active men between ages 30 and 50 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter S Waldman
- Department of Kinesiology, Human Performance Lab, University of North Alabama, Florence, Alabama
| | - Alexander J Heatherly
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee
| | - Lauren G Killen
- Department of Kinesiology, Human Performance Lab, University of North Alabama, Florence, Alabama
| | | | - Yunsuk Koh
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, Texas
| | - Eric K OʼNeal
- Department of Kinesiology, Human Performance Lab, University of North Alabama, Florence, Alabama
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Abstract
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression contribute significantly to global disability and possess high social and health burden. Management is dominated by pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy; nevertheless, such treatments prevent or treat less than half of the patients, suggesting that alternative approaches are required. Emerging data suggest that diet may be an adjustable risk factor for psychiatric disorders. Caloric restriction (CR) possesses protective effects in almost all organs including the brain. However, the precise molecular pathways of these effects remain uncertain. In this review, we will discuss the putative neurobiological mechanisms of CR on the brain. The article will address also the molecular basis of the antidepressant effects of CR, primarily including ghrelin signaling, CREB neurotropic effects and ketone bodies production. Then we will highlight the probable effect of CR on the neuroinflammation, which emerges as a key pathogenetic factor for the majority of neuropsychiatric disorders. Finally, we discuss the so called caloric restriction mimetics, compounds that reproduce properties of CR. Further research will be required to verify the safety and efficacy of CR before a general approval can be proposed to introduce it and its mimetics in clinical practice for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Mohammad K, Baratang Junio JA, Tafakori T, Orfanos E, Titorenko VI. Mechanisms that Link Chronological Aging to Cellular Quiescence in Budding Yeast. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134717. [PMID: 32630624 PMCID: PMC7369985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
After Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells cultured in a medium with glucose consume glucose, the sub-populations of quiescent and non-quiescent cells develop in the budding yeast culture. An age-related chronology of quiescent and non-quiescent yeast cells within this culture is discussed here. We also describe various hallmarks of quiescent and non-quiescent yeast cells. A complex aging-associated program underlies cellular quiescence in budding yeast. This quiescence program includes a cascade of consecutive cellular events orchestrated by an intricate signaling network. We examine here how caloric restriction, a low-calorie diet that extends lifespan and healthspan in yeast and other eukaryotes, influences the cellular quiescence program in S. cerevisiae. One of the main objectives of this review is to stimulate an exploration of the mechanisms that link cellular quiescence to chronological aging of budding yeast. Yeast chronological aging is defined by the length of time during which a yeast cell remains viable after its growth and division are arrested, and it becomes quiescent. We propose a hypothesis on how caloric restriction can slow chronological aging of S. cerevisiae by altering the chronology and properties of quiescent cells. Our hypothesis posits that caloric restriction delays yeast chronological aging by targeting four different processes within quiescent cells.
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