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Cardona Jimenez ME, Gabilondo J, Bodoira RM, Agudelo Laverde LM, Santagapita PR. Extraction of bioactive compounds from pecan nutshell: An added-value and low-cost alternative for an industrial waste. Food Chem 2024; 453:139596. [PMID: 38759441 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The pecan nutshell [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh) C. Koch] (PNS) is a source of bioactives with important beneficial properties for the human health. PNS represents between 40-50 % of total mass of the nut, resulting as waste without any added value for the food industry. Even though a variety of methods were already developed for bioactive extraction from this waste, unconventional methodologies, or those which apart from green chemistry principles, were discarded considering the cost of production, the sustainable development goals of United Nations and the feasibility of real inclusion of the technology in the food chain. Then, to add-value to this waste, a low-cost, green and easy-scalable extraction methodology was developed based on the determination of seven relevant factors by means of a factorial design and a Response Surface Methodology, allowing the extraction of bioactives with antioxidant capacity. The pecan nutshell extract had a high concentration of phenolic compounds (166 mg gallic acid equivalents-GAE/g dry weight-dw), flavonoids (90 mg catechin equivalent-CE/g dw) and condensed tannins (189 mg CE/g dw) -related also to the polymeric color (74.6 %)-, with high antioxidant capacities of ABTS+. radical inhibition (3665 µmol Trolox Equivalent-TE/g dw) and of iron reduction (1305 µmol TE/g dw). Several compounds associated with these determinations were identified by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS, such as [Epi]catechin-[Epi]catechin-[Epi]gallocatechin, myricetin, dihydroquercetins, dimers A and B of protoanthocyanidins, ellagitannins and ellagic acid derivatives. Hence, through the methodology developed here, we obtained a phenolic rich extract with possible benefits for human health, and of high industrial scalability for this co-product transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Esteban Cardona Jimenez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Gabilondo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Estación Experimental Agropecuaria (EEA), San Pedro, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Romina Mariana Bodoira
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos Córdoba (ICYTAC) - CONICET - UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Patricio Román Santagapita
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Yang H, Wu B, Yang Q, Tan T, Shang D, Chen J, Cao C, Xu C. Urolithin C suppresses colorectal cancer progression via the AKT/mTOR pathway. J Nat Med 2024:10.1007/s11418-024-01821-2. [PMID: 38849679 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-024-01821-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Urolithin families are gut-microbial metabolites of ellagic acid (EA). Although urolithin A (UA) and urolithin B (UB) were reported to have antiproliferative activities in cancer cells, the role and related mechanisms of urolithin C (UC) in colorectal cancer (CRC) have not yet been clarified. In this study, we assess the antitumor activities of UC in vitro and in vivo and further explore the underlying mechanisms in CRC cell lines. We found that UC inhibited the proliferation and migration of CRC cells, induced apoptosis, and arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase in vitro, and UC inhibited tumor growth in a subcutaneous transplantation tumor model in vivo. Mechanically, UC blocked the activation of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway by decreasing the expression of Y-box binding protein 1(YBX1). The AKT agonist SC79 could reverse the suppression of cell proliferation in UC-treated CRC cells. In conclusion, our research revealed that UC could prevent the progression of CRC by blocking AKT/mTOR signaling, suggesting that it may have potential therapeutic values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haochi Yang
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Binghuo Wu
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610047, China
- Yu-Yue Pathology Scientific Research Centre, Chongqing, 400039, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Biotherapy Centre, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Tian Tan
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Dan Shang
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610047, China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610047, China
| | - Chenhui Cao
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Centre, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610042, China.
| | - Chuan Xu
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610047, China.
- Yu-Yue Pathology Scientific Research Centre, Chongqing, 400039, China.
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China.
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Senavirathna T, Shafaei A, Lareu R, Balmer L. Unlocking the Therapeutic Potential of Ellagic Acid for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:485. [PMID: 38671932 PMCID: PMC11047720 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is in epidemic proportions in many parts of the world, contributing to increasing rates of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD represents a range of conditions from the initial stage of fatty liver to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which can progress to severe fibrosis, through to hepatocellular carcinoma. There currently exists no treatment for the long-term management of NAFLD/NASH, however, dietary interventions have been investigated for the treatment of NASH, including several polyphenolic compounds. Ellagic acid is one such polyphenolic compound. Nutraceutical food abundant in ellagic acid undergoes initial hydrolysis to free ellagic acid within the stomach and small intestine. The proposed mechanism of action of ellagic acid extends beyond its initial therapeutic potential, as it is further broken down by the gut microbiome into urolithin. Both ellagic acid and urolithin have been found to alleviate oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis, which are associated with NAFLD/NASH. While progress has been made in understanding the pharmacological and biological activity of ellagic acid and its involvement in NAFLD/NASH, it has yet to be fully elucidated. Thus, the aim of this review is to summarise the currently available literature elucidating the therapeutic potential of ellagic acid and its microbial-derived metabolite urolithin in NAFLD/NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharani Senavirathna
- Centre for Precision Health, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA 6027, Australia;
| | - Armaghan Shafaei
- Centre for Integrative Metabolomics and Computational Biology, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA 6027, Australia;
| | - Ricky Lareu
- Curtin Medical School and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Lois Balmer
- Centre for Precision Health, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA 6027, Australia;
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Chen S, Chung LH, Chen S, Jiang Z, Li N, Hu J, Liao WM, He J. Efficient Lead Removal by Assembly of Bio-Derived Ellagate Framework, Which Enables Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO 2 to Formate. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2400978. [PMID: 38593307 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) poisoning and CO2-induced global warming represent two exemplary environmental and energy issues threatening humanity. Various biomass-derived materials are reported to take up Pb and convert CO2 electrochemically into low-valent carbon species, but these works address the problems separately rather than settle the issues simultaneously. In this work, cheap, natural ellagic acid (EA) extracted from common plants is adopted to assemble a stable metal-organic framework (MOF), EA-Pb, by effective capture of Pb2+ ions in an aqueous medium (removal rate close to 99%). EA-Pb represents the first structurally well-defined Pb-based MOF showing selective electrocatalytic CO2-to-HCOO- conversion with Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 95.37% at -1.08 V versus RHE. The catalytic mechanism is studied by 13CO2 labeling, in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), and theoretical calculation. The use of EA-Pb as an electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction represents a 2-in-1 solution of converting detrimental wastes (Pb2+) as well as natural resources (EA) into wealth (electrocatalytic EA-Pb) for addressing the global warming issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Lai-Hon Chung
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shaoru Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhixin Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jieying Hu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Ming Liao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jun He
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, Jieyang, 515200, P. R. China
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Isla KKY, Tanae MM, de Lima-Landman MTR, de Magalhães PM, Lapa AJ, Souccar C. Vasorelaxant effects of ellagitannins isolated from Cuphea carthagenensis. PLANTA MEDICA 2024; 90:276-285. [PMID: 38272038 DOI: 10.1055/a-2240-7372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Cuphea carthagenensis (Jacq.) J. F. Macbr. is a popular plant in Brazilian folk medicine owing to its hypotensive and central nervous system depressant effects. This study aimed to validate the hypotensive effect of the plant's aqueous extract (AE) in rats and examine the vascular actions of three hydrolyzable tannins, oenothein B, woodfordin C, and eucalbanin B, isolated from AE. Systolic blood pressure in unanesthetized rats was determined using the non-invasive tail-cuff method. Oral treatment of normotensive rats with 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg/day AE induced a dose-related hypotensive effect after 1 week. In rat aortic rings pre-contracted with noradrenaline, all ellagitannins (20 - 180 µM) induced a concentration-related vasorelaxation. This effect was blocked by either removing the endothelium or pre-incubating with NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (10 µM), an inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase. In KCl-depolarized rat portal vein preparations, the investigated compounds did not affect significantly the maximal contractile responses and pD2 values of the concentration-response curves to CaCl2. Our results demonstrated the hypotensive effect of C. carthagenensis AE in unanesthetized rats. All isolated ellagitannins induced vasorelaxation in vitro via activating NO synthesis/NO release from endothelial cells, without altering the Ca2+ influx in vascular smooth muscle preparations. Considering the low oral bioavailability of ellagitannins, the determined in vitro actions of these compounds are unlikely to account for the hypotensive effect of AE in vivo. It remains to be determined the role of the bioactive ellagitannin-derived metabolites in the hypotensive effect observed after oral treatment of unanesthetized rats with the plant extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Katiuska Yamaguchi Isla
- Department of Pharmacology, Section of Natural Products, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mirtes Midori Tanae
- Department of Pharmacology, Section of Natural Products, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Melillo de Magalhães
- Multidisciplinary Center for Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Research, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antônio José Lapa
- Department of Pharmacology, Section of Natural Products, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caden Souccar
- Department of Pharmacology, Section of Natural Products, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Park SH, Kang MK, Kim DY, Lim SS, Kang IJ, Kang YH. Ellagic acid, a functional food component, ameliorates functionality of reverse cholesterol transport in murine model of atherosclerosis. Nutr Res Pract 2024; 18:194-209. [PMID: 38584811 PMCID: PMC10995779 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2024.18.2.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES High levels of plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol are an important determinant of atherosclerotic lesion formation. The disruption of cholesterol efflux or reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) in peripheral tissues and macrophages may promote atherogenesis. The aim of the current study was to examine whether bioactive ellagic acid, a functional food component, improved RCT functionality and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) function in diet-induced atherogenesis of apolipoproteins E (apoE) knockout (KO) mice. MATERIALS/METHODS Wild type mice and apoE KO mice were fed a high-cholesterol Paigen diet for 10 weeks to induce hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis, and concomitantly received 10 mg/kg ellagic acid via gavage. RESULTS Supplying ellagic acid enhanced induction of apoE and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter G1 in oxidized LDL-exposed macrophages, facilitating cholesterol efflux associated with RCT. Oral administration of ellagic acid to apoE KO mice fed on Paigen diet improved hypercholesterolemia with reduced atherogenic index. This compound enhanced the expression of ABC transporters in peritoneal macrophages isolated from apoE KO mice fed on Paigen diet, indicating increased cholesterol efflux. Plasma levels of cholesterol ester transport protein and phospholipid transport protein involved in RCT were elevated in mice lack of apoE gene, which was substantially reduced by supplementing ellagic acid to Paigen diet-fed mice. In addition, ellagic acid attenuated hepatic lipid accumulation in apoE KO mice, evidenced by staining of hematoxylin and eosin and oil red O. Furthermore, the supplementation of 10 mg/kg ellagic acid favorably influenced the transcriptional levels of hepatic LDL receptor and scavenger receptor-B1 in Paigen diet-fed apoE KO mice. CONCLUSION Ellagic acid may be an athero-protective dietary compound encumbering diet-induced atherogenesis though improving the RCT functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin-Hye Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Min-Kyung Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea
| | - Dong Yeon Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea
| | - Soon Sung Lim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Il-Jun Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Young-Hee Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
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Žitek Makoter T, Tancer Verboten M, Mirt I, Zupančić K, Cör Andrejč D, Knez Ž, Knez Marevci M. Beneficial Effects of Castanea sativa Wood Extract on the Human Body and Possible Food and Pharmaceutical Applications. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:914. [PMID: 38611444 PMCID: PMC11013190 DOI: 10.3390/plants13070914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this review was to investigate the potential use of Castanea sativa wood extract as a food supplement and to evaluate its beneficial properties for human health. The results of the limited amount of studies suggest promising properties, including potential anti-inflammatory effects. The literature indicates that the extract, which is rich in bioactive compounds such as tannins, offers promising therapeutic possibilities for the treatment of conditions associated with chronic inflammation. Consequently, interest in its use in food and pharmaceuticals is growing. Phytochemical studies have reported antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, and anti-inflammatory, anticancer, hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, and neuroprotective activities. A suitable extraction method and solvent is crucial for the isolation of bioactive compounds, being green extraction technologies outstanding for the industrial recovery of chestnut wood's bioactive compounds. Nevertheless, it is important to emphasize the importance of adhering to regulatory guidelines and obtaining the necessary approvals from regulatory authorities to ensure product safety and compliance. The regulation of herbal medicinal products with proven efficacy and traditional herbal medicinal products is well defined, monitored by authorized bodies, and subject to strict control measures. It is noteworthy that medicinal products are subject to stringent quality testing to ensure safety and efficacy in use, whereas there are no comparable regulatory standards and specific labeling requirements for dietary supplements. When using herbal products, compliance with established standards in health research is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taja Žitek Makoter
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.Ž.M.); (D.C.A.); (Ž.K.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska 8, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | | | - Ivan Mirt
- Tanin Sevnica, Hermanova 1, SI-8290 Sevnica, Slovenia; (I.M.); (K.Z.)
| | - Katarina Zupančić
- Tanin Sevnica, Hermanova 1, SI-8290 Sevnica, Slovenia; (I.M.); (K.Z.)
| | - Darija Cör Andrejč
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.Ž.M.); (D.C.A.); (Ž.K.)
| | - Željko Knez
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.Ž.M.); (D.C.A.); (Ž.K.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska 8, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Maša Knez Marevci
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.Ž.M.); (D.C.A.); (Ž.K.)
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Qian C, Li H, Hou Z, Liang Z. Effects of different drying methods on Rubus chingii Hu fruit during processing. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24512. [PMID: 38312685 PMCID: PMC10835160 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, the dried fruits of Rubus chingii Hu (Chinese name: Fu-Pen-Zi; FPZ) were processed and dried by three methods-in the shade, the sun, and the oven. The composition regarding the standard ingredient, color, and antioxidant capacities were investigated pro- and post-processing. The technique of headspace-solid-phase-microextraction-gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) and flavoromics were used to analyze the flavor-conferring metabolites of FPZ. The results obtained revealed that the highest use value and antioxidant capacities were detected in the FPZ fruits processed and dried in the shade. A total of 358 metabolites were detected from them mainly consisting of terpenoids, heterocyclic compounds, and esters. In differential analysis, the down-regulation of the metabolites was much greater than their up-regulation after all three drying methods. In an evaluation of the characteristic compounds and flavors produced after the three methods, there were variations mainly regarding the green and fruity odors. Therefore, considerable insights may be obtained for the development of novel agricultural methods and applications in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries by analyzing and comparing the variations in the chemical composition detected pre- and post-processing of the FPZ fruits. This paper provides a scientific basis for quality control in fruits and their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Qian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Hongfa Li
- Hanguang Primary Processing Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 311700, China
| | - Zhuoni Hou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
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Purgatorio R, Boccarelli A, Pisani L, de Candia M, Catto M, Altomare CD. A Critical Appraisal of the Protective Activity of Polyphenolic Antioxidants against Iatrogenic Effects of Anticancer Chemotherapeutics. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:133. [PMID: 38275658 PMCID: PMC10812703 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyphenolic compounds, encompassing flavonoids (e.g., quercetin, rutin, and cyanidin) and non-flavonoids (e.g., gallic acid, resveratrol, and curcumin), show several health-related beneficial effects, which include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antiviral, and anticarcinogenic properties, as well as the prevention of coronary heart diseases. Polyphenols have also been investigated for their counteraction against the adverse effects of common anticancer chemotherapeutics. This review evaluates the outcomes of clinical studies (and related preclinical data) over the last ten years, with a focus on the use of polyphenols in chemotherapy as auxiliary agents acting against oxidative stress toxicity induced by antitumor drugs. While further clinical studies are needed to establish adequate doses and optimal delivery systems, the improvement in polyphenols' metabolic stability and bioavailability, through the implementation of nanotechnologies that are currently being investigated, could improve therapeutic applications of their pharmaceutical or nutraceutical preparations in tumor chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Purgatorio
- Department of Pharmacy—Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (R.P.); (L.P.); (M.d.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Angelina Boccarelli
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Leonardo Pisani
- Department of Pharmacy—Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (R.P.); (L.P.); (M.d.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Modesto de Candia
- Department of Pharmacy—Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (R.P.); (L.P.); (M.d.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Marco Catto
- Department of Pharmacy—Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (R.P.); (L.P.); (M.d.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Cosimo D. Altomare
- Department of Pharmacy—Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (R.P.); (L.P.); (M.d.C.); (M.C.)
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10
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Marrone G, Di Lauro M, Izzo F, Cornali K, Masci C, Vita C, Occhiuto F, Di Daniele N, De Lorenzo A, Noce A. Possible Beneficial Effects of Hydrolyzable Tannins Deriving from Castanea sativa L. in Internal Medicine. Nutrients 2023; 16:45. [PMID: 38201875 PMCID: PMC10780656 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydrolyzable tannins (HTs) deriving from chestnuts have demonstrated, through numerous studies, the ability to exert multiple beneficial effects, including antioxidant and antimicrobial effects, on the lipid metabolism and cancer cells. The latter effect is very fascinating, since different polyphenols deriving from chestnuts were able to synergistically induce the inhibition of cancerous cells through multiple pathways. Moreover, the main mechanisms by which tannins induce antioxidant functions include: the reduction in oxidative stress, the ability to scavenge free radicals, and the modulation of specific enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase. HTs have also been shown to exert significant antimicrobial activity by suppressing microbial growth. The actions on the lipid metabolism are several, among which is the inhibition of lipid accumulation. Thus, tannins seem to induce a cardioprotective effect. In fact, through various mechanisms, such as the relaxation of the vascular smooth muscle, HTs were proven to be efficient against arterial hypertension. Therefore, the great number of studies in this field prove the growing interest on the utilization of natural bioactive compounds, such as HTs deriving from natural sources or obtained by circular economy models, as potential nutraceuticals or adjuvants therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Marrone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (M.D.L.); (F.I.); (K.C.); (C.M.); (N.D.D.)
| | - Manuela Di Lauro
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (M.D.L.); (F.I.); (K.C.); (C.M.); (N.D.D.)
| | - Francesco Izzo
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (M.D.L.); (F.I.); (K.C.); (C.M.); (N.D.D.)
| | - Kevin Cornali
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (M.D.L.); (F.I.); (K.C.); (C.M.); (N.D.D.)
| | - Claudia Masci
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (M.D.L.); (F.I.); (K.C.); (C.M.); (N.D.D.)
| | - Chiara Vita
- QuMAP (Quality of Goods and Product Reliability), University of Florence, PIN, 59100 Prato, Italy;
- Department of Economics, Management and Business Law, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Umberto I, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Occhiuto
- Ph.D. School of Applied Medical-Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Di Daniele
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (M.D.L.); (F.I.); (K.C.); (C.M.); (N.D.D.)
- Fondazione Leonardo per le Scienze Mediche Onlus, Policlinico Abano, 35031 Abano Terme, Italy
| | - Antonino De Lorenzo
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Noce
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (M.D.L.); (F.I.); (K.C.); (C.M.); (N.D.D.)
- UOSD Nephrology and Dialysis, Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
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11
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Zhao H, Song G, Zhu H, Qian H, Pan X, Song X, Xie Y, Liu C. Pharmacological Effects of Urolithin A and Its Role in Muscle Health and Performance: Current Knowledge and Prospects. Nutrients 2023; 15:4441. [PMID: 37892516 PMCID: PMC10609777 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Urolithin A (UA) is a naturally occurring compound derived from the metabolism of gut microbiota, which has attracted considerable research attention due to its pharmacological effects and potential implications in muscle health and performance. Recent studies have demonstrated that Urolithin A exhibits diverse biological activities, encompassing anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tumor, and anti-aging properties. In terms of muscle health, accumulating evidence suggests that Urolithin A may promote muscle protein synthesis and muscle growth through various pathways, offering promise in mitigating muscle atrophy. Moreover, Urolithin A exhibits the potential to enhance muscle health and performance by improving mitochondrial function and regulating autophagy. Nonetheless, further comprehensive investigations are still warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of Urolithin A and to assess its feasibility and safety in human subjects, thereby advancing its potential applications in the realms of muscle health and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Zhao
- Department of Physical Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China;
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (H.Z.); (H.Q.)
| | - Ge Song
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (G.S.); (X.P.)
| | - Hongkang Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (H.Z.); (H.Q.)
| | - He Qian
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (H.Z.); (H.Q.)
| | - Xinliang Pan
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (G.S.); (X.P.)
| | - Xiaoneng Song
- Department of Physical Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China;
| | - Yijie Xie
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214062, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (G.S.); (X.P.)
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12
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Davidson M, Louvet F, Meudec E, Landolt C, Grenier K, Périno S, Ouk TS, Saad N. Optimized Single-Step Recovery of Lipophilic and Hydrophilic Compounds from Raspberry, Strawberry and Blackberry Pomaces Using a Simultaneous Ultrasound-Enzyme-Assisted Extraction (UEAE). Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1793. [PMID: 37891873 PMCID: PMC10603877 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
An ultrasound-enzyme-assisted extraction (UEAE) was optimized to extract, simultaneously, the hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds from three berry pomaces (raspberry, strawberry and blackberry). First, an enzyme screening designated a thermostable alkaline protease as the most suitable enzyme to recover, in an aqueous medium, the highest yields of polyphenols and oil in the most efficient way. Secondly, the selected enzyme was coupled to ultrasounds (US) in sequential and simultaneous combinations. The simultaneous US-alkaline enzyme combination was selected as a one-single-step process and was then optimized by definitive screening design (DSD). The optimized parameters were: US amplitude, 20% (raspberry pomace) or 70% (strawberry and blackberry pomaces); pH, 8; E/S ratio, 1% (w/w); S/L ratio, 6% (w/v); extraction time, 30 min; temperature, 60 °C. Compared to conventional extractions using organic solvents, the UEAE extracted all the polyphenols, with around 75% of the active polyphenols (measured by the DPPH● method) and up to 75% of the initial oil from the berry pomaces. Characterized lipophilic compounds were rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), tocols and phytosterols. The polyphenolics were analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS; characteristic ellagitannins of the Rosaceae family (sanguiin H-6 or agrimoniin, sanguiin H-10, …) and ellagic acid conjugates were found as the major components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morag Davidson
- Univ. Limoges, LABCiS, UR 22722, F-87000 Limoges, France; (M.D.); (C.L.); (K.G.); (T.-S.O.)
| | - François Louvet
- ENSIL-ENSCI Formation: Céramique Industrielle, ESTER, Université de Limoges, 87068 Limoges, France;
| | - Emmanuelle Meudec
- SPO, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, 34060 Montpellier, France;
- INRAE, PROBE Research Infrastructure, Polyphenol Analytical Facility, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Cornelia Landolt
- Univ. Limoges, LABCiS, UR 22722, F-87000 Limoges, France; (M.D.); (C.L.); (K.G.); (T.-S.O.)
| | - Karine Grenier
- Univ. Limoges, LABCiS, UR 22722, F-87000 Limoges, France; (M.D.); (C.L.); (K.G.); (T.-S.O.)
| | - Sandrine Périno
- Équipe GREEN, UMR 408 SQPOV, Avignon Université, F-84000 Avignon, France;
| | - Tan-Sothéa Ouk
- Univ. Limoges, LABCiS, UR 22722, F-87000 Limoges, France; (M.D.); (C.L.); (K.G.); (T.-S.O.)
| | - Naïma Saad
- Univ. Limoges, LABCiS, UR 22722, F-87000 Limoges, France; (M.D.); (C.L.); (K.G.); (T.-S.O.)
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13
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Pacheco LV, Parada J, Pérez-Correa JR, Mariotti-Celis MS, Simirgiotis M. Cochayuyo ( Durvillaea incurvata) Extracts: Their Impact on Starch Breakdown and Antioxidant Activity in Pasta during In Vitro Digestion. Foods 2023; 12:3326. [PMID: 37761035 PMCID: PMC10529413 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds, notably cochayuyo (Durvillaea incurvata), are recognized for their rich macro- and micronutrient content, along with their inhibitory effects on the α-glucosidase enzyme. The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of this inhibition in actual starchy food products under in vitro gastrointestinal conditions. This study utilized freeze-dried cochayuyo, extracted using hot pressurized liquid extraction with 50% ethanol at 120 °C and 1500 psi. The inhibition mechanism of α-glucosidase was determined, and the polyphenol composition of the extract was analyzed using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. This study further evaluated the extract's impact on starch digestibility, total phenolic content, and antioxidant capacity in pasta (noodles) as representative starchy food under gastrointestinal conditions. The results indicate that the α-glucosidase inhibition mechanism is of mixed type. Phenolic compounds, primarily tetraphloroethol, could contribute to this anti-enzymatic activity. The extract was observed to decrease starch digestibility, indicated by a lower rate constant (0.0158 vs. 0.0261 min-1) and digested starch at an infinite time (77.4 vs. 80.5 g/100 g). A significant increase (~1200 vs. ~390 µmol TROLOX/100 g) in antioxidant activity was also noted during digestion when the extract was used. Thus, this study suggests that the cochayuyo extract can reduce starch digestion and enhance antioxidant capacity under gastrointestinal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz Verónica Pacheco
- Graduate School, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile;
| | - Javier Parada
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - José R. Pérez-Correa
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7810000, Chile;
| | | | - Mario Simirgiotis
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile;
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14
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Iqbal I, Wilairatana P, Saqib F, Nasir B, Wahid M, Latif MF, Iqbal A, Naz R, Mubarak MS. Plant Polyphenols and Their Potential Benefits on Cardiovascular Health: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:6403. [PMID: 37687232 PMCID: PMC10490098 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fruits, vegetables, and other food items contain phytochemicals or secondary metabolites which may be considered non-essential nutrients but have medicinal importance. These dietary phytochemicals exhibit chemopreventive and therapeutic effects against numerous diseases. Polyphenols are secondary metabolites found in vegetables, fruits, and grains. These compounds exhibit several health benefits such as immune modulators, vasodilators, and antioxidants. This review focuses on recent studies on using dietary polyphenols to treat cardiovascular disorders, atherosclerosis, and vascular endothelium deficits. We focus on exploring the safety of highly effective polyphenols to ensure their maximum impact on cardiac abnormalities and discuss recent epidemiological evidence and intervention trials related to these properties. Kaempferol, quercetin, and resveratrol prevent oxidative stress by regulating proteins that induce oxidation in heart tissues. In addition, polyphenols modulate the tone of the endothelium of vessels by releasing nitric oxide (NO) and reducing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation to prevent atherosclerosis. In cardiomyocytes, polyphenols suppress the expression of inflammatory markers and inhibit the production of inflammation markers to exert an anti-inflammatory response. Consequently, heart diseases such as strokes, hypertension, heart failure, and ischemic heart disease could be prevented by dietary polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iram Iqbal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (I.I.); (M.W.); (M.F.L.); (R.N.)
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Fatima Saqib
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Bushra Nasir
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan;
| | - Muqeet Wahid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (I.I.); (M.W.); (M.F.L.); (R.N.)
| | - Muhammad Farhaj Latif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (I.I.); (M.W.); (M.F.L.); (R.N.)
| | - Ahmar Iqbal
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030600, China;
| | - Rabia Naz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (I.I.); (M.W.); (M.F.L.); (R.N.)
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15
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Girotra M, Chiang YH, Charmoy M, Ginefra P, Hope HC, Bataclan C, Yu YR, Schyrr F, Franco F, Geiger H, Cherix S, Ho PC, Naveiras O, Auwerx J, Held W, Vannini N. Induction of mitochondrial recycling reverts age-associated decline of the hematopoietic and immune systems. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:1057-1066. [PMID: 37653255 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00473-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Aging compromises hematopoietic and immune system functions, making older adults especially susceptible to hematopoietic failure, infections and tumor development, and thus representing an important medical target for a broad range of diseases. During aging, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) lose their blood reconstitution capability and commit preferentially toward the myeloid lineage (myeloid bias)1,2. These processes are accompanied by an aberrant accumulation of mitochondria in HSCs3. The administration of the mitochondrial modulator urolithin A corrects mitochondrial function in HSCs and completely restores the blood reconstitution capability of 'old' HSCs. Moreover, urolithin A-supplemented food restores lymphoid compartments, boosts HSC function and improves the immune response against viral infection in old mice. Altogether our results demonstrate that boosting mitochondrial recycling reverts the aging phenotype in the hematopoietic and immune systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukul Girotra
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Yi-Hsuan Chiang
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Charmoy
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Pierpaolo Ginefra
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Helen Carrasco Hope
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Charles Bataclan
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne and ISREC, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yi-Ru Yu
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Frederica Schyrr
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne and ISREC, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabien Franco
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Hartmut Geiger
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stephane Cherix
- Orthopedic and Traumatology Service, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ping-Chih Ho
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Olaia Naveiras
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne and ISREC, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Hematology Service, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Werner Held
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Vannini
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.
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16
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Beltrán D, Frutos-Lisón MD, García-Villalba R, Yuste JE, García V, Espín JC, Selma MV, Tomás-Barberán FA. NMR Spectroscopic Identification of Urolithin G, a Novel Trihydroxy Urolithin Produced by Human Intestinal Enterocloster Species. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:11921-11928. [PMID: 37494568 PMCID: PMC10416303 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Urolithins are gut microbiota metabolites of ellagic acid. Here, we have identified and chemically characterized a novel urolithin produced from urolithin D (3,4,8,9-tetrahydroxy urolithin) by in vitro incubation with different human gut Enterocloster species under anaerobic conditions. Urolithin G (3,4,8-trihydroxy urolithin) was identified by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, UV, HRMS, and 2D NMR. For the identification, NMR spectra of other known urolithins were also recorded and compared. Urolithin G was present in the feces of 12% of volunteers in an overweight-obese group after consuming an ellagitannin-rich pomegranate extract. The production of urolithin G required a bacterial 9-dehydroxylase activity and was not specific to the known human urolithin metabotypes A and B. The ability to produce urolithin G could be considered an additional metabolic feature for volunteer stratification and bioactivity studies. This is the first urolithin with a catechol group in ring A while having only one hydroxyl in ring B, a unique feature not found in human and animal samples so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Beltrán
- Quality,
Safety and Bioactivity of Plant-Derived Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, University Campus, Edif. 25, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - María D. Frutos-Lisón
- Quality,
Safety and Bioactivity of Plant-Derived Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, University Campus, Edif. 25, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Rocío García-Villalba
- Quality,
Safety and Bioactivity of Plant-Derived Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, University Campus, Edif. 25, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - Juan C. Espín
- Quality,
Safety and Bioactivity of Plant-Derived Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, University Campus, Edif. 25, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - María V. Selma
- Quality,
Safety and Bioactivity of Plant-Derived Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, University Campus, Edif. 25, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco A. Tomás-Barberán
- Quality,
Safety and Bioactivity of Plant-Derived Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, University Campus, Edif. 25, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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17
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Yu W, Sun W, Zhang Y, Shen C, Cao X, Song P, Zhu X, Liu M, Yang Y. Plasmon-enhanced fluorescence for ellagic acid detection based on surface structure of gold nanoparticles. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:4901-4909. [PMID: 37341782 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04792-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Ellagic acid (EA), as a natural polyphenolic acid, is considered a naturally occurring inhibitor of carcinogenesis. Herein, we developed a plasmon-enhanced fluorescence (PEF) probe for EA detection based on silica-coated gold nanoparticles (Au NPs). A silica shell was designed to control the distance between silica quantum dots (Si QDs) and Au NPs. The experimental results indicated that an 8.8-fold fluorescence enhancement was obtained compared with the original Si QDs. Three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (3D-FDTD) simulations further demonstrated that the local electric field enhancement around Au NPs led to the fluorescence enhancement. In addition, the fluorescent sensor was applied for the sensitive detection of EA with a detection limit of 0.14 μM. It can be used to detect EA in pomegranate rind with a recovery rate of 100.26-107.93%. It can also be applied to the analysis of other substances by changing the identification substances. These experimental results indicated that the probe provides a good option for clinical analysis and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidao Yu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Sun
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yukai Zhang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Caihong Shen
- National Engineering Research Center of Solid-State Brewing, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China
- Luzhou Laojiao Co. Ltd, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaonian Cao
- National Engineering Research Center of Solid-State Brewing, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China
- Luzhou Laojiao Co. Ltd, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Song
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Miao Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Solid-State Brewing, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China.
- Luzhou Laojiao Co. Ltd, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yaqiong Yang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Zuccari G, Alfei S. Development of Phytochemical Delivery Systems by Nano-Suspension and Nano-Emulsion Techniques. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9824. [PMID: 37372971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The awareness of the existence of plant bioactive compounds, namely, phytochemicals (PHYs), with health properties is progressively expanding. Therefore, their massive introduction in the normal diet and in food supplements and their use as natural therapeutics to treat several diseases are increasingly emphasized by several sectors. In particular, most PHYs possessing antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiulcer, anti-cholesterol, hypoglycemic, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant properties have been isolated from plants. Additionally, their secondary modification with new functionalities to further improve their intrinsic beneficial effects has been extensively investigated. Unfortunately, although the idea of exploiting PHYs as therapeutics is amazing, its realization is far from simple, and the possibility of employing them as efficient clinically administrable drugs is almost utopic. Most PHYs are insoluble in water, and, especially when introduced orally, they hardly manage to pass through physiological barriers and scarcely reach the site of action in therapeutic concentrations. Their degradation by enzymatic and microbial digestion, as well as their rapid metabolism and excretion, strongly limits their in vivo activity. To overcome these drawbacks, several nanotechnological approaches have been used, and many nanosized PHY-loaded delivery systems have been developed. This paper, by reporting various case studies, reviews the foremost nanosuspension- and nanoemulsion-based techniques developed for formulating the most relevant PHYs into more bioavailable nanoparticles (NPs) that are suitable or promising for clinical application, mainly by oral administration. In addition, the acute and chronic toxic effects due to exposure to NPs reported so far, the possible nanotoxicity that could result from their massive employment, and ongoing actions to improve knowledge in this field are discussed. The state of the art concerning the actual clinical application of both PHYs and the nanotechnologically engineered PHYs is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guendalina Zuccari
- Department of Pharmacy (DiFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, I-16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Silvana Alfei
- Department of Pharmacy (DiFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, I-16148 Genova, Italy
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19
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Li Z, Yu H, Liu C, Wang C, Zeng X, Yan J, Sun Y. Efficiency co-delivery of ellagic acid and oxygen by a non-invasive liposome for ameliorating diabetic retinopathy. Int J Pharm 2023; 641:122987. [PMID: 37207860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the serious complications of diabetes, which has become the fourth leading cause of vision loss worldwide. Current treatment of DR relies on intravitreal injections of antiangiogenic agents, which has made considerable achievements in reducing visual impairment. However, long-term invasive injections require advanced technology and can lead to poor patient compliance as well as the incidence of ocular complications including bleeding, endophthalmitis, retinal detachment and others. Hence, we developed non-invasive liposomes (EA-Hb/TAT&isoDGR-Lipo) for efficiency co-delivery of ellagic acid and oxygen, which can be administered intravenously or by eye drops. Among that, ellagic acid (EA), as an aldose reductase inhibitor, could remove excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by high glucose for preventing retinal cell apoptosis, as well as reduce retinal angiogenesis through the blockage of VEGFR2 signaling pathway; carried oxygen could ameliorate DR hypoxia, and further enhanced the anti-neovascularization efficacy. Our results showed that EA-Hb/TAT&isoDGR-Lipo not only effectively protected retinal cells from high glucose-induced damage, but also inhibited VEGF-induced vascular endothelial cells migration, invasion, and tube formation in vitro. In addition, in a hypoxic cell model, EA-Hb/TAT&isoDGR-Lipo could reverse retinal cell hypoxia, thereby reducing the expression of VEGF. Significantly, after being administered as an injection or eye drops, EA-Hb/TAT&isoDGR-Lipo obviously ameliorated the structure (central retinal thickness and retinal vascular network) of retina by eliminating ROS and down-regulating the expression of GFAP, HIF-1α, VEGF and p-VEGFR2 in a DR mouse model. In summary, EA-Hb/TAT&isoDGR-Lipo holds great potentials in improvement of DR, which provides a novel approach for the treatment of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Hongli Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Chaolong Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Changduo Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Xianhu Zeng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Jianqin Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
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20
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Liu T, Qiao N, Ning F, Huang X, Luo L. Identification and characterization of plant-derived biomarkers and physicochemical variations in the maturation process of Triadica cochinchinensis honey based on UPLC-QTOF-MS metabolomics analysis. Food Chem 2023; 408:135197. [PMID: 36527917 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The maturation patterns of nectar into honey are not well understood. The current work selected Triadica cochinchinensis honey (TCH) at three maturity stages to systematically investigate the variation patterns in physicochemical parameters and metabolites. Based on both targeted and untargeted metabolomics analyses, the N1, N5, N10-(E)-tricoumaryl spermidine was identified as the plant-derived characteristic compound in TCH. A total of 26 compounds were quantified by UPLC-QTOF-MS using an external standard calibration method. Two patterns of the honey maturation process were identified based on the 723 metabolite signature transformations. The first was that the levels of plant-derived compounds with strong reducing activity were reduced, such as spermidine, flavonoids, and their derivatives. In contrast, the second pattern was that the maturation process of honey was accompanied by the formation of lactone glycoside analogs and organic acids, which may be facilitated by the enzymatic transformation of enzymes secreted by the bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China
| | - Ning Qiao
- Ganzhou Customs, Ganzhou 341000, PR China
| | - Fangjian Ning
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Xueyong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China
| | - Liping Luo
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China.
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21
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Pinto CJG, Ávila-Gálvez MÁ, Lian Y, Moura-Alves P, Nunes Dos Santos C. Targeting the aryl hydrocarbon receptor by gut phenolic metabolites: A strategy towards gut inflammation. Redox Biol 2023; 61:102622. [PMID: 36812782 PMCID: PMC9958510 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor able to control complex transcriptional processes in several cell types, which has been correlated with various diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Numerous studies have described different compounds as ligands of this receptor, like xenobiotics, natural compounds, and several host-derived metabolites. Dietary (poly)phenols have been studied regarding their pleiotropic activities (e.g., neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory), but their AHR modulatory capabilities have also been considered. However, dietary (poly)phenols are submitted to extensive metabolism in the gut (e.g., gut microbiota). Thus, the resulting gut phenolic metabolites could be key players modulating AHR since they are the ones that reach the cells and may exert effects on the AHR throughout the gut and other organs. This review aims at a comprehensive search for the most abundant gut phenolic metabolites detected and quantified in humans to understand how many have been described as AHR modulators and what could be their impact on inflammatory gut processes. Even though several phenolic compounds have been studied regarding their anti-inflammatory capacities, only 1 gut phenolic metabolite, described as AHR modulator, has been evaluated on intestinal inflammatory models. Searching for AHR ligands could be a novel strategy against IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina J G Pinto
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS
- FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - María Ángeles Ávila-Gálvez
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS
- FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Yilong Lian
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 7DQ, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Pedro Moura-Alves
- IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 7DQ, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Cláudia Nunes Dos Santos
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS
- FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, Oeiras, Portugal.
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22
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Matsumura Y, Kitabatake M, Kayano SI, Ito T. Dietary Phenolic Compounds: Their Health Benefits and Association with the Gut Microbiota. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040880. [PMID: 37107256 PMCID: PMC10135282 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress causes various diseases, such as type II diabetes and dyslipidemia, while antioxidants in foods may prevent a number of diseases and delay aging by exerting their effects in vivo. Phenolic compounds are phytochemicals such as flavonoids which consist of flavonols, flavones, flavanonols, flavanones, anthocyanidins, isoflavones, lignans, stilbenoids, curcuminoids, phenolic acids, and tannins. They have phenolic hydroxyl groups in their molecular structures. These compounds are present in most plants, are abundant in nature, and contribute to the bitterness and color of various foods. Dietary phenolic compounds, such as quercetin in onions and sesamin in sesame, exhibit antioxidant activity and help prevent cell aging and diseases. In addition, other kinds of compounds, such as tannins, have larger molecular weights, and many unexplained aspects still exist. The antioxidant activities of phenolic compounds may be beneficial for human health. On the other hand, metabolism by intestinal bacteria changes the structures of these compounds with antioxidant properties, and the resulting metabolites exert their effects in vivo. In recent years, it has become possible to analyze the composition of the intestinal microbiota. The augmentation of the intestinal microbiota by the intake of phenolic compounds has been implicated in disease prevention and symptom recovery. Furthermore, the “brain–gut axis”, which is a communication system between the gut microbiome and brain, is attracting increasing attention, and research has revealed that the gut microbiota and dietary phenolic compounds affect brain homeostasis. In this review, we discuss the usefulness of dietary phenolic compounds with antioxidant activities against some diseases, their biotransformation by the gut microbiota, the augmentation of the intestinal microflora, and their effects on the brain–gut axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Matsumura
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kio University, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara 635-0832, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kitabatake
- Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Kayano
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kio University, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara 635-0832, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Ito
- Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
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23
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Parilli-Moser I, Domínguez-López I, Vallverdú-Queralt A, Hurtado-Barroso S, Lamuela-Raventós RM. Urinary Phenolic Metabolites Associated with Peanut Consumption May Have a Beneficial Impact on Vascular Health Biomarkers. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030698. [PMID: 36978946 PMCID: PMC10045820 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds in peanuts may moderate inflammation and endothelial function. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the association of urinary phenolic metabolites (UPMs) with vascular biomarkers after peanut product consumption. A three-arm parallel-group randomized controlled trial was conducted in 63 healthy young adults who consumed 25 g/day of skin roasted peanuts (SRP), 32 g/day of peanut butter (PB), or 32 g/day of a control butter for six months. UPMs were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Additionally, urinary eicosanoids, prostacyclin I2 (PGI2), and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) were determined using two competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Consumers of SRP and PB presented significantly higher excretion of UPMs (enterodiol glucuronide (p = 0.018 and p = 0.031), 3-hydroxybenzoic acid (p = 0.002 and p < 0.001), vanillic acid sulfate (p = 0.048 and p = 0.006), p-coumaric acid (p = 0.046 and p = 0.016), coumaric acid glucuronide I (p = 0.001 and p = 0.030) and II (p = 0.003 and p = 0.036), and isoferulic acid (p = 0.013 and p = 0.015) in comparison with the control group. An improvement in PGI2 (p = 0.037) levels and the TXA2:PGI2 ratio (p = 0.008) was also observed after the peanut interventions compared to the control. Interestingly, UPMs with significantly higher post-intervention levels were correlated with an improvement in vascular biomarkers, lower TXA2 (r from −0.25 to −0.48, p < 0.050) and TXA2:PGI2 ratio (r from −0.25 to −0.43, p < 0.050) and higher PGI2 (r from 0.24 to 0.36, p < 0.050). These findings suggest that the UPMs with higher excretion after peanut product consumption could have a positive impact on vascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Parilli-Moser
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences XIA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Domínguez-López
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences XIA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Vallverdú-Queralt
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences XIA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Hurtado-Barroso
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Lamuela-Raventós
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences XIA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-403-4843
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24
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In Silico and In Vitro Study of Antioxidant Potential of Urolithins. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030697. [PMID: 36978945 PMCID: PMC10045577 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, quantum chemical calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) were performed to predict the antioxidant potential of four bioactive gut microbiota metabolites of the natural polyphenols ellagitannins (ETs) and ellagic acid (EA), also known as urolithins (UROs). In order to evaluate their ability to counter the effect of oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as the hydroperoxyl radical (•OOH), different reaction mechanisms were investigated, considering water and lipid-like environments. Through our in silico results, it emerged that at physiological pH, the scavenging activity of all urolithins, except urolithin B, are higher than that of trolox and other potent antioxidants existing in nature, such as EA, α-mangostin, allicin, caffeine and melatonin. These findings were confirmed by experimental assays.
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25
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Xin Kwok AL, Balasooriya H, Ng K. Efficacy of ellagic acid and ellagitannins on diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis of preclinical and clinical trials. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
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26
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Ares AM, Toribio L, García-Villalba R, Villalgordo JM, Althobaiti Y, Tomás-Barberán FA, Bernal J. Separation of Isomeric Forms of Urolithin Glucuronides Using Supercritical Fluid Chromatography. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:3033-3039. [PMID: 36719954 PMCID: PMC9936581 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Urolithins are gut microbiota metabolites produced in humans after consuming foods containing ellagitannins and ellagic acid. Three urolithin metabotypes have been reported for different individuals depending on the final urolithins produced. After absorption, they are conjugated with glucuronic acid (phase II metabolism), and these are the main circulating metabolites in plasma and reach different tissues. Different regioisomeric isomers of urolithin glucuronides have been described. Still, their identification and quantification in humans have not been properly reported due to resolution limitations in their analysis by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. In the present study, we report a novel method for separating these isomers using supercritical fluid chromatography. With this method, urolithin A 3- and 8-glucuronide, isourolithin A 3- and 9- glucuronide, and urolithin B 3-glucuronide (8-hydroxy urolithin 3-glucuronide; 3-hydroxy urolithin 8-glucuronide; 3-hydroxyurolithin 9-glucuronide; 9-hydroxyurolithin 3-glucuronide; and urolithin 3-glucuronide) were separated in less than 15 min. The proposed method was applied to successfully analyze these metabolites in urine samples from different volunteers belonging to different metabotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Ares
- I.
U. CINQUIMA, Analytical Chemistry Group (TESEA), Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, Valladolid 47011, Spain
| | - Laura Toribio
- I.
U. CINQUIMA, Analytical Chemistry Group (TESEA), Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, Valladolid 47011, Spain
| | - Rocío García-Villalba
- CEBAS-CSIC,
Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant-Derived
Foods, P.O. Box 164, Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Jose M. Villalgordo
- Eurofins-VillaPharma
Research S.L.; Parque Tecnológico de Fuente Álamo, Fuente Álamo, Murcia E-30320, Spain
| | - Yusuf Althobaiti
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Francisco A. Tomás-Barberán
- CEBAS-CSIC,
Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant-Derived
Foods, P.O. Box 164, Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - José Bernal
- I.
U. CINQUIMA, Analytical Chemistry Group (TESEA), Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, Valladolid 47011, Spain
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27
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Zhou J, Wang M, Bäuerl C, Cortés-Macías E, Calvo-Lerma J, Carmen Collado M, Barba FJ. The impact of liquid-pressurized extracts of Spirulina, Chlorella and Phaedactylum tricornutum on in vitro antioxidant, antiinflammatory and bacterial growth effects and gut microbiota modulation. Food Chem 2023; 401:134083. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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28
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Banc R, Rusu ME, Filip L, Popa DS. The Impact of Ellagitannins and Their Metabolites through Gut Microbiome on the Gut Health and Brain Wellness within the Gut-Brain Axis. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020270. [PMID: 36673365 PMCID: PMC9858309 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ellagitannins (ETs) are a large group of bioactive compounds found in plant-source foods, such as pomegranates, berries, and nuts. The consumption of ETs has often been associated with positive effects on many pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative syndromes, and cancer. Although multiple biological activities (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, chemopreventive) have been discussed for ETs, their limited bioavailability prevents reaching significant concentrations in systemic circulation. Instead, urolithins, ET gut microbiota-derived metabolites, are better absorbed and could be the bioactive molecules responsible for the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities or anti-tumor cell progression. In this review, we examined the dietary sources, metabolism, and bioavailability of ETs, and analyzed the last recent findings on ETs, ellagic acid, and urolithins, their intestinal and brain activities, the potential mechanisms of action, and the connection between the ET microbiota metabolism and the consequences detected on the gut-brain axis. The current in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies indicate that ET-rich foods, individual gut microbiomes, or urolithin types could modulate signaling pathways and promote beneficial health effects. A better understanding of the role of these metabolites in disease pathogenesis may assist in the prevention or treatment of pathologies targeting the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Banc
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marius Emil Rusu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-264-450-555
| | - Lorena Filip
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniela-Saveta Popa
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Li J, Huang X, He L, Li C, Jing H, Lin J, Ma C, Li X. Effect of ellagic acid on body weight, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbiota, and urolithin A metabolism in Thoroughbred horses. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad232. [PMID: 37422771 PMCID: PMC10612130 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of ellagic acid (EA) supplementation on body weight (BW), nutrient digestibility, fecal microbiota, blood biochemical indices, and urolithin A metabolism in 1-yr-old Thoroughbred horses. A group of 18 1-yr-old Thoroughbred horses, with an average weight of 339.00 ± 30.11 kg, were randomly allocated into three groups of six horses each (three males and three females). The control group (n = 6) received only the basal diet, whereas test groups I (n = 6) and II (n = 6) were fed the basal diet supplemented with 15 mg/kg BW/d and 30 mg/kg BW/d of EA, respectively, for 40-d. The results showed that test group I and II horses had a significant increase in total weight gain by 49.47% and 62.74%, respectively, compared to the control group. The digestibility of various components in the diets of the test group horses was improved, including dry matter, organic matter, gross energy, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and calcium. Additionally, the digestibility of crude protein and phosphorus (P) in test group II horses increased significantly by 10.96% and 33.56% (P < 0.05), respectively. Moreover, EA supplementation significantly increased the fecal abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes (P < 0.05), Fibrobacterota, p-251-o5, Desemzia incerta (P < 0.05), and Fibrobacter sp. (P < 0.05), while reducing the abundance of Proteobacteria, Pseudomonadaceae, Pseudomonas, and Cupriavidus pauculus (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Fecal samples from test group II showed 89.47%, 100%, and 86.15% increases in the concentrations of acetic acid, valeric acid, and total volatile fatty acids, respectively. In addition, the plasma levels of total protein, and globulin increased significantly in test groups I (7.88% and 11.35%, respectively) and II (13.44% and 16.07%, respectively) compared to those in the control group (P < 0.05). The concentration of urolithin A in fecal and urine samples was positively correlated with increasing doses of EA. These findings suggest that supplemental feeding of EA improved nutrient digestibility, blood biochemical indices, and fecal microbiota in 1-yr-old Thoroughbred horses, promoting growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Li
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Herbivore Nutrition for Meat & Milk Production, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China
| | - Xinxin Huang
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Herbivore Nutrition for Meat & Milk Production, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China
| | - Linjiao He
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Herbivore Nutrition for Meat & Milk Production, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China
| | - Chao Li
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Herbivore Nutrition for Meat & Milk Production, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China
| | - Hongxin Jing
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Herbivore Nutrition for Meat & Milk Production, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China
| | - Jianwei Lin
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Herbivore Nutrition for Meat & Milk Production, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China
| | - Chaoyu Ma
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Herbivore Nutrition for Meat & Milk Production, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China
| | - Xiaobin Li
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Herbivore Nutrition for Meat & Milk Production, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Horse Breeding and Exercise Physiology, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China
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30
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Kipkemoi DJ, Ireri AM, Ngugi MP. Cognition Enhancing Potential of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Amaranthus dubius in Mice. J Evid Based Integr Med 2023; 28:2515690X231211661. [PMID: 37960857 PMCID: PMC10644747 DOI: 10.1177/2515690x231211661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Amaranthus dubius is a vegetable consumed for its nutritional content in Kenya. In herbal medicine, A. dubius is utilized to relief fever, anemia and hemorrhage. Additionally, it is utilized to manage cognitive dysfunction and is considered to augment brain function, but there is no empirical evidence to support this claim. The contemporary study investigated cognitive enhancing potential of A. dubius in mice model of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like dementia induced with ketamine. Cognitively damaged mice were treated with aqueous extract of A. dubius leaf upon which passive avoidance task (PAT) was used to assess the cognitive performance. At the end of passive avoidance test, brains of the mice were dissected to evaluate the possibility of the extract to inhibit hallmarks that propagate AD namely oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase activity. Additionally, characterization of secondary metabolites was done using liquid chromatograph- mass spectrometry analysis. During PAT test, extract-treated mice showed significantly increased step-through latencies than AD mice, depicting ability of A. dubius to reverse ketamine-induced cognitive decline. Further, the extract remarkably lowered malondialdehyde levels to normal levels and effectively inhibited acetylcholinesterase enzyme. The study showed that A. dubius extract is endowed with phytoconstituents that possess anti-oxidant and anticholinesterase activities. Thus, this study confirmed promising therapeutic effects of 200, 300 and 400 mg/kg bw of A. dubius extract with potential to alleviate cognitive disarray observed in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Jepkosgei Kipkemoi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Anthony Murithi Ireri
- Department of Educational Psychology, School of Education, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mathew Piero Ngugi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
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31
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Siebeneichler TJ, Hoffmann JF, Galli V, Zambiazi RC. Composition and impact of pre- and post-harvest treatments/factors in pecan nuts quality. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Al-Dujaili EAS, Casey C, Stockton A. Antioxidant Properties and Beneficial Cardiovascular Effects of a Natural Extract of Pomegranate in Healthy Volunteers: A Randomized Preliminary Single-Blind Controlled Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2124. [PMID: 36358496 PMCID: PMC9686489 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Pomegranates are known to possess anti-hypertensive, anti-atherogenic and cardioprotective effects mainly due to their pleiotropic effects on various cellular pathways, especially those triggered by oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of natural standardized pomegranate (PE) extract on cardiovascular risk factors in 24 healthy volunteers who participated in a randomized, single-blind placebo-controlled study. There were 12 subjects in the PE group and 12 in the placebo group. Variables were measured at baseline and after 14 and 28 days of supplementation are anthropometry, BP, pulse wave velocity, fat and lean body mass, salivary and urinary cortisol, and cortisone, total phenolics, antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation. Urinary total phenolics excretion and antioxidant capacity were significantly increased after 14 and 28 days of PE intake. At day 28, there were also statistically significant decreases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), pulse wave velocity, body fat and fat mass, as well as an increase in lean body mass. Significant changes in the placebo group were not found. Glucocorticoid levels showed a significant decrease in saliva cortisol at day 28 (morning) in the PE group, and cortisol/cortisone ratio was significantly decreased following 28 days of PE intake at morning, noon, and evening. Urine free cortisol was significantly reduced at day 14. These findings suggest that pomegranate extract intake may improve antioxidant and oxidative stress status and play a beneficial role in the attenuation of some cardiovascular risk factors. Future studies should concentrate on overweight and older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad A. S. Al-Dujaili
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK
| | - Ciara Casey
- Dietetics, Nutrition and Biological Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh EH21 6UU, Scotland, UK
| | - Angela Stockton
- Dietetics, Nutrition and Biological Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh EH21 6UU, Scotland, UK
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A comparative study of antimicrobial, anti-quorum sensing, anti-biofilm, anti-swarming, and antioxidant activities in flower extracts of pecan (Carya illinoinensis) and chestnut (Castanea sativa). Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:589. [PMID: 36053379 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03172-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance, which has increased rapidly in recent years because of uncontrolled and unconscious antibiotic consumption, poses a major threat to public health. The inadequacy of existing antibiotics has increased the need for new, effective, and less toxic antibiotic raw materials or antibiotic derivatives. Pecan (Carya illinoinensis) and Chestnut (Castanea sativa) flowers possess abundant pollen contents and exhibit similar morphological features. The purpose of this study was to compare these two flower extracts in terms of their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Total phenolic content, total flavonoid contents, and phenolic components were also analyzed in aquatic and ethanolic extracts. Antioxidant activities were measured using ferric reducing/antioxidant capacity (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) methods. Antimicrobial and antifungal activities were compared by means of agar diffusion tests against bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Acinetobacter haemolyticus, and Chromobacterium violaceum, and the yeasts Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis. Anti-quorum sensing (anti-QS), anti-biofilm, and anti-swarming (SW) activities were also studied against Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 31532, Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01, respectively. Both extracts were rich in ellagic acid and gallic acid and exhibited similar antioxidant properties. Both flower extracts exhibited high antimicrobial and antifungal activities as well as anti-biofilm, anti-QS, and anti-SW activities.
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Enzyme inhibitory activities of phenolic compounds in pecan and the effect on starch digestion. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 220:117-123. [PMID: 35963356 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pecan has been widely recognized for its high phenolic content and related health benefits. Previous studies indicated that pecan consumption might be beneficial in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The objective of this study was to investigate the enzyme inhibitory activities of pecan phenolic compounds (PPC) and the effect in starch hydrolysis by in vitro simulation digestion. PPC was extracted with a solvent mixture from pecan powder and freeze-dried. PPC was tested for the inhibitory effects on α-amylase and α-glucosidase via enzyme kinetics study. Static in vitro digestion trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of intake of PPC and pecan powder on starch digestion. PPC displayed a potent inhibition effect against α-amylase and α-glucosidase with IC50 of 77.9 μg/mL and 9.02 μg/mL, respectively. Both PPC and pecan powder inhibited starch hydrolysis during in vitro digestion. However, the level of inhibition was lower than that from the catalytic kinetics study, and PPC exhibited a higher inhibition effect than pecan powder. The results confirmed the potential of PPC as a novel enzyme inhibitor for T2DM management. The information is helpful to promote the intake of pecan nuts for health-enhancing effects.
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Bortolomedi BM, Paglarini CS, Brod FCA. Bioactive compounds in kombucha: A review of substrate effect and fermentation conditions. Food Chem 2022; 385:132719. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Activation of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 2 and cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein in Cultured Neurons by the Macrocyclic Ellagitannin Oenothein B. NEUROSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/neurosci3030028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The findings of our recent in vivo study indicated that the oral administration of oenothein B, a unique macrocyclic ellagitannin, activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 2 and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in the mouse brain. A large hydrophilic oenothein B is unable to reach the brain, suggesting that any metabolite(s) of oenothein B might function in the brain. (2) Results: The addition of oenothein B to the culture medium of rat cortical neurons induced the prompt and significant activation of ERK2 and CREB. (3) Conclusions: The activation of ERK2 and CREB is crucial for synaptic transmission and learning/memory formation in the brain. The present results suggest oenothein B exerts neurotrophic/neuroprotective effects in the brain through the modulation of neuronal signaling pathways, if it reaches the brain.
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37
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Beneficial health effects of polyphenols metabolized by fermentation. Food Sci Biotechnol 2022; 31:1027-1040. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01112-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Avramia I, Amariei S. Formulation, Characterization and Optimization of β–Glucan and Pomegranate Juice Based Films for Its Potential in Diabetes. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102142. [PMID: 35631282 PMCID: PMC9144072 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop films based on β–glucans in association with pomegranate juice for its potential in metabolic disorders such as diabetes due to plenty of bioactive compounds from the film composition. Initially, a Box-Behnken design was generated by varying the level of β–glucan content (0.5, 1, 1.5 g), sodium alginate (0.2, 0.4, 0.6 g) and pomegranate juice (10, 20, 30 mL) for development of films. Subsequently, glycerin was added as 25% of the total dry matter. The optimization of the films prepared by the solvent casting method was conducted based on the different responses such as: water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), water vapor permeability (WVP), thickness, density, moisture content, solubility, film opacity and color. The water activity profile and FT–IR analysis were performed in all tests. The model was used to determine the optimal experimental values considering that the optimal film will make a sustained contribution to diabetes. The optimal values of the film sample made of β–glucans, sodium alginate, pomegranate juice and glycerin make it befitting for packaging dry powdered pharmaceuticals. Finally, antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, UV barrier properties and microcrack and pore detections through SEM were also investigated for the optimal film sample.
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Villalgordo JM, Trulli L, García-Villalba R, García V, Althobaiti Y, Tomás-Barberán FA. Novel Regioselective Synthesis of Urolithin Glucuronides─Human Gut Microbiota Cometabolites of Ellagitannins and Ellagic Acid. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:5819-5828. [PMID: 35533350 PMCID: PMC9121390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Urolithins (dibenzo-pyran-[b,d]-6 one derivatives) are human gut microbiota metabolites produced from the natural food antioxidant ellagic acid. Urolithins are better absorbed than ellagic acid and demonstrate biological activities that suggest that they are responsible for the health effects observed after consuming ellagitannin- and ellagic acid-containing foods. Urolithins occur in the systemic circulation as glucuronide conjugates following phase II metabolism. These phase II conjugates are essential for testing the urolithin mechanisms of action in human cell line bioassays. Urolithin glucuronides are not commercially available, and their biosynthesis leads to mixtures of regional isomers. This study describes a novel and regioselective synthesis of urolithin A (3,8-dihydroxy urolithin) 3- and 8-glucuronides and isourolithin A (3,9-dihydroxy urolithin) 3- and 9-glucuronides. The metabolites were characterized using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and UV spectrophotometry. The presence of these metabolites in human subjects belonging to different urolithin metabotypes was also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M. Villalgordo
- Eurofins-VillaPharma
Research S.L., Parque Tecnológico
de Fuente Alamo, E-30320 Fuente Alamo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Laura Trulli
- Eurofins-VillaPharma
Research S.L., Parque Tecnológico
de Fuente Alamo, E-30320 Fuente Alamo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Rocío García-Villalba
- CEBAS-CSIC, Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant-Derived Foods, P.O. Box 164, Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Victor García
- CEBAS-CSIC, Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant-Derived Foods, P.O. Box 164, Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Yusuf Althobaiti
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of
Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Francisco A. Tomás-Barberán
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of
Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- CEBAS-CSIC, Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant-Derived Foods, P.O. Box 164, Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain
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40
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Shi H, Yang J, Li J. Pomegranate peel polyphenols interaction with intestinal flora and its metabolic transformation. Xenobiotica 2022; 52:442-452. [PMID: 35506342 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2022.2073291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
1. Pomegranate peel polyphenols (PPPs) have anti-oxidation, anti-atherosclerosis, anti-obesity effect, and so on. However, few studies have been conducted on the absorption and transformation of pomegranate polyphenols in the gut and the biologically active forms that ultimately work in the body.2. In this study, PPPs (300 mg/kg/day) were given to normal rats and relatively sterile rats by gavage respectively. The relatively sterile rats were obtained by neomycin sulfate (250 mg/kg/day) gavage to rats. The purpose of this study is to elaborate the relationship between intestinal flora and polyphenol metabolism of pomegranate peel, and to quantitatively analyze the transformation process of its metabolite urolithin in rats.3. The results showed that decreased bacterial diversity could significantly reduce the abundance of PPPs metabolites in feces and urine in relatively sterile rats. PPPs can regulate intestinal flora structure, significantly enhance the content of Clostrida Firmicutes (P < 0.05), and effectively promote acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, iso-butyric acid and valeric acid production in rat (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 or P< 0.001). PPPs can significantly elevate the relative proportion of Ruminococcaceae (P < 0.05). Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014 and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 can promote the metabolic transformation of PPPs and make the utilization of Urolithin A more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidan Shi
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.,University Key Laboratory of Food Processing Byproducts for Advanced Development and High Value Utilization, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Junqi Yang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.,University Key Laboratory of Food Processing Byproducts for Advanced Development and High Value Utilization, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianke Li
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.,University Key Laboratory of Food Processing Byproducts for Advanced Development and High Value Utilization, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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41
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Is consumption of pomegranate supplementation effective on oxidative stress biomarkers including MDA, ox-LDL, POX 1, GPX, TAC, and TBRAS? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Curr Probl Cardiol 2022:101198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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42
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Radović J, Suručić R, Niketić M, Kundaković-Vasović T. Alchemilla viridiflora Rothm.: the potent natural inhibitor of angiotensin I-converting enzyme. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:1893-1903. [PMID: 35348979 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04410-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alchemilla viridiflora Rothm., Rosaceae is a herbaceous plant widespread in central Greece, Bulgaria, North Macedonia and Serbia with Kosovo. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis leads to the identification of 20 compounds in methanol extract, mainly ellagitannins and flavonoid glycosides. Given that various plant extracts have traditionally been used to treat hypertension and that some of the analyzed methanol extract constituents have beneficial cardiovascular effects, we hypothesized that some of these effects are achieved by inhibiting angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE). The dose-dependent ACE inhibitory activities of A. viridiflora and miquelianin were observed with an IC50 of 2.51 ± 0.00 µg/mL of A. viridiflora extract compared to the IC50 of 5.4139 ± 0.00 µM for miquelianin. The contribution of the single compounds to the tested activity was further analyzed through the in silico experimental approach. Computational docking results showed that tiliroside, ellagic acid pentose and galloyl-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-glucose exhibited even better binding affinity for the ACE active site than miquelianin, for which ACE activity was confirmed by an in vitro assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Radović
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Relja Suručić
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Banja Luka-Faculty of Medicine, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska
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43
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Wei W, Peng C, Gu R, Yan X, Ye J, Xu Z, Sheng X, Huang G, Guo Y. Urolithin A attenuates RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by co-regulating the p38 MAPK and Nrf2 signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 921:174865. [PMID: 35231470 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
As a critical regulator of bone resorption. osteoclastogenesis is closely associated with osteoporosis (OP) and commonly induced by receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), suggesting that suppression of inflammation may improve OP. Urolithin A (UroA), an active metabolite of ellagic acid, is known to exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects. However, whether UroA attenuates osteoclastogenesis remains unclear. Using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bone loss model, we evaluated the effects of UroA on inflammatory osteoclastogenesis in mice and explored the potential mechanism from RANKL-related signaling pathway. UroA significantly improved LPS-induced bone loss and rescued the imbalance in bone microarchitecture parameters. Hematoxylin&eosin (H&E) and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining of femurs showed that UroA suppressed LPS-induced osteoclastogenesis accompanied by the activation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling. In RANKL-triggered mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), UroA inhibited the formation of osteoclasts and Fibrous actin rings (F-actin rings), and decreased TRAP activity. Moreover, UroA significantly decreased mRNA and protein expression of major inflammatory cytokines in LPS-challenged RAW264.7 cells by decreasing the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal regulated kinase1/2 (Erk1/2), and p38. Furthermore, UroA may activate the Nrf2 signaling pathway by increasing mRNA and protein expression of antioxidant proteins. We conclude that UroA attenuated RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by suppressing the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and inducing Nrf2 nuclear translocation. Thus, supplementation with UroA may help alleviate inflammation-induced bone loss and bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chenjian Peng
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210001, China
| | - Renjun Gu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiwu Yan
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jiapeng Ye
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhuicheng Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xianjie Sheng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Guicheng Huang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yang Guo
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Sharifi-Rad J, Quispe C, Castillo CMS, Caroca R, Lazo-Vélez MA, Antonyak H, Polishchuk A, Lysiuk R, Oliinyk P, De Masi L, Bontempo P, Martorell M, Daştan SD, Rigano D, Wink M, Cho WC. Ellagic Acid: A Review on Its Natural Sources, Chemical Stability, and Therapeutic Potential. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3848084. [PMID: 35237379 PMCID: PMC8885183 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3848084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ellagic acid (EA) is a bioactive polyphenolic compound naturally occurring as secondary metabolite in many plant taxa. EA content is considerable in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) and in wood and bark of some tree species. Structurally, EA is a dilactone of hexahydroxydiphenic acid (HHDP), a dimeric gallic acid derivative, produced mainly by hydrolysis of ellagitannins, a widely distributed group of secondary metabolites. EA is attracting attention due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, and antiproliferative properties. EA displayed pharmacological effects in various in vitro and in vivo model systems. Furthermore, EA has also been well documented for its antiallergic, antiatherosclerotic, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, and neuroprotective properties. This review reports on the health-promoting effects of EA, along with possible mechanisms of its action in maintaining the health status, by summarizing the literature related to the therapeutic potential of this polyphenolic in the treatment of several human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Quispe
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Avda. Arturo Prat 2120, Iquique 1110939, Chile
| | | | - Rodrigo Caroca
- Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Group, Science and Technology Faculty, Universidad del Azuay, Av. 24 de Mayo 7-77, Cuenca, Ecuador
- Universidad del Azuay, Grupos Estratégicos de Investigación en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición Industrial (GEICA-UDA), Av. 24 de Mayo 7-77, Apartado 01.01.981, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Marco A. Lazo-Vélez
- Universidad del Azuay, Grupos Estratégicos de Investigación en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición Industrial (GEICA-UDA), Av. 24 de Mayo 7-77, Apartado 01.01.981, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Roman Lysiuk
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Petro Oliinyk
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Luigi De Masi
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Bontempo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, 4070386 Concepción, Chile
| | - Sevgi Durna Daştan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
- Beekeeping Development Application and Research Center, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
| | - Daniela Rigano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, 49 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Michael Wink
- Heidelberg University, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, INF 329, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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45
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Contente ML, Annunziata F, Cannazza P, Donzella S, Pinna C, Romano D, Tamborini L, Barbosa FG, Molinari F, Pinto A. Biocatalytic Approaches for an Efficient and Sustainable Preparation of Polyphenols and Their Derivatives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13669-13681. [PMID: 34762407 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Many sectors of industry, such as food, cosmetics, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals, have increased their interest in polyphenols due to their beneficial properties. These molecules are widely found in Nature (plants) and can be obtained through direct extraction from vegetable matrices. Polyphenols introduced through the diet may be metabolized in the human body via different biotransformations leading to compounds having different bioactivities. In this context, enzyme-catalyzed reactions are the most suitable approach to produce modified polyphenols that not only can be studied for their bioactivity but also can be labeled as green, natural products. This review aims to give an overview of the potential of biocatalysis as a powerful tool for the modification of polyphenols to enhance their bioaccessibility, bioavailability, biological activity or modification of their physicochemical properties. The main polyphenol transformations occurring during their metabolism in the human body have been also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Letizia Contente
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Annunziata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Cannazza
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Donzella
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Pinna
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Romano
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Tamborini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francisco Geraldo Barbosa
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Sciences Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE 60455-970, Brazil
| | - Francesco Molinari
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Pinto
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
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46
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Guerreiro C, Brandão E, de Jesus M, Gonçalves L, Pérez-Gregório R, Mateus N, de Freitas V, Soares S. New insights into the oral interactions of different families of phenolic compounds: Deepening the astringency mouthfeels. Food Chem 2021; 375:131642. [PMID: 34838404 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Astringency is a tactile sensation of puckering, tightening and dryness in the oral cavity, commonly induced by polyphenols. In this study, the interaction of two phenolic compound mixtures, one rich in gallotannins and the other in flavonols, with two oral models (tongue (HSC3) or buccal mucosa (TR146) was evaluated. Results provided evidence that gallotannins and flavonols seem to bind in a different way to the different oral constituents and models used. Gallotannins seems to bind more to the tongue than to the buccal mucosa cell line, but this difference is overcome by the presence of salivary proteins. Conversely, for the flavonol mixture, the presence of salivary proteins seems to restrain the interaction with oral cell lines. Structure-binding activity relationships were evidenced within each mixture: for gallotannins, interactions seem to increase along with the galloylation degree while for flavonol it was observed that increasing numbers of glucose residues decreased the binding activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Guerreiro
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto 689, Portugal
| | - Elsa Brandão
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto 689, Portugal
| | - Mónica de Jesus
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto 689, Portugal
| | - Leonor Gonçalves
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto 689, Portugal
| | - Rosa Pérez-Gregório
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto 689, Portugal
| | - Nuno Mateus
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto 689, Portugal
| | - Victor de Freitas
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto 689, Portugal
| | - Susana Soares
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto 689, Portugal.
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The Kinetics of Two-Step Ellagitannin Extraction from the By-products of Selected Processed Fruits of the family Rosaceae. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-02121-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe paper presents the kinetics of two-step ellagitannin (ET) extraction with an aqueous acetone solution from two technological types of pomace from selected berry fruits of the Rosaceae family. ETs were identified and quantified using HPLC–MS and HPLC–DAD. The results revealed the extraction kinetics of total ETs, their high and low molecular weight fractions (≤ 1569 Da and > 1569 Da), and individual ETs characteristic of the examined fruits. ET extraction proceeded at a faster rate in the first step, regardless of the tested pomace. For all pomace variants, the mean extraction half time t1/2 was 48 min in the first step and 70 min in the second step. The fruit species and the technological type of pomace were not found to exert a definite effect on the kinetics of ET extraction. Statistical analysis demonstrated that the molecular weight of ETs did not influence the kinetics of their extraction, either. It was shown that the technological type of pomace had a significant impact on the extraction rate of both low molecular weight (LMW) and high molecular weight (HMW) ETs in the first extraction step, with the mean t1/2 being 44 min for pomace from juice production and 63 min for pomace from puree production.
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48
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Rai DK, Tzima K. A Review on Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Applications on Anthocyanin and Ellagitannin Metabolites of Blackberries and Raspberries. Foods 2021; 10:foods10092150. [PMID: 34574260 PMCID: PMC8467619 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Berries have been widely assessed for their beneficial health effects, predominately due to their high (poly)phenol content of anthocyanins and ellagitannins. After ellagitannins and ellagic acid are metabolized by the gut microbiome, a class of compounds known as urolithins are produced, which exert potential advantageous health effects. Anthocyanins, on the other hand, undergo a complex metabolic pathway after their interaction with microbial and endogenous enzymes, forming a broad range of metabolites and catabolic products. In most cases, in vitro models and cell lines are used to generate metabolites, whereas their assessment in vivo is currently limited. Thus far, several analytical methods have been developed for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of phenolic metabolites in berries, including liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and other hyphenated techniques, and have been undoubtedly valuable tools for the detailed metabolite characterization and profiling. In this review, a compilation of studies providing information on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of (poly)phenol metabolites in blackberries and raspberries after the utilization of in vitro and in vivo methods is presented. The different analytical techniques employed are assessed, focusing on the fate of the produced metabolic compounds in order to provide evidence on their characteristics, formation, and beneficial effects.
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49
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Alfei S, Schito AM, Zuccari G. Nanotechnological Manipulation of Nutraceuticals and Phytochemicals for Healthy Purposes: Established Advantages vs. Still Undefined Risks. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2262. [PMID: 34301020 PMCID: PMC8309409 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous foods, plants, and their bioactive constituents (BACs), named nutraceuticals and phytochemicals by experts, have shown many beneficial effects including antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiulcer, anti-cholesterol, hypoglycemic, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant activities. Producers, consumers, and the market of food- and plant-related compounds are increasingly attracted by health-promoting foods and plants, thus requiring a wider and more fruitful exploitation of the healthy properties of their BACs. The demand for new BACs and for the development of novel functional foods and BACs-based food additives is pressing from various sectors. Unfortunately, low stability, poor water solubility, opsonization, and fast metabolism in vivo hinder the effective exploitation of the potential of BACs. To overcome these issues, researchers have engineered nanomaterials, obtaining food-grade delivery systems, and edible food- and plant-related nanoparticles (NPs) acting as color, flavor, and preservative additives and natural therapeutics. Here, we have reviewed the nanotechnological transformations of several BACs implemented to increase their bioavailability, to mask any unpleasant taste and flavors, to be included as active ingredients in food or food packaging, to improve food appearance, quality, and resistance to deterioration due to storage. The pending issue regarding the possible toxic effect of NPs, whose knowledge is still limited, has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Alfei
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano, 16148 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Anna Maria Schito
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, I-16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Guendalina Zuccari
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano, 16148 Genoa, Italy;
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Singh RK, Kumar S, Tomar MS, Verma PK, Kumar A, Kumar S, Kumar N, Singh JP, Acharya A. Putative role of natural products as Protein Kinase C modulator in different disease conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 29:397-414. [PMID: 34216003 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-021-00401-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Protein kinase C (PKC) is a promising drug target for various therapeutic areas. Natural products derived from plants, animals, microorganisms, and marine organisms have been used by humans as medicine from prehistoric times. Recently, several compounds derived from plants have been found to modulate PKC activities through competitive binding with ATP binding site, and other allosteric regions of PKC. As a result fresh race has been started in academia and pharmaceutical companies to develop an effective naturally derived small-molecule inhibitor to target PKC activities. Herein, in this review, we have discussed several natural products and their derivatives, which are reported to have an impact on PKC signaling cascade. METHODS All information presented in this review article regarding the regulation of PKC by natural products has been acquired by a systematic search of various electronic databases, including ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of science, ResearchGate, and PubMed. The keywords PKC, natural products, curcumin, rottlerin, quercetin, ellagic acid, epigallocatechin-3 gallate, ingenol 3 angelate, resveratrol, protocatechuic acid, tannic acid, PKC modulators from marine organism, bryostatin, staurosporine, midostaurin, sangivamycin, and other relevant key words were explored. RESULTS The natural products and their derivatives including curcumin, rottlerin, quercetin, ellagic acid, epigallocatechin-3 gallate, ingenol 3 angelate, resveratrol, bryostatin, staurosporine, and midostaurin play a major role in the management of PKC activity during various disease progression. CONCLUSION Based on the comprehensive literature survey, it could be concluded that various natural products can regulate PKC activity during disease progression. However, extensive research is needed to circumvent the challenge of isoform specific regulation of PKC by natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Kant Singh
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, BHU, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | | | - Munendra Singh Tomar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado, Denver, USA
| | | | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, BHU, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, BHU, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, BHU, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Jai Prakash Singh
- Department of Panchkarma, Institute of Medical Science, BHU, Varanasi, India, 221005
| | - Arbind Acharya
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, BHU, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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