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Albarico FPJB, Lim YC, Chen CF, Wang MH, Chen CW, Dong CD. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in 55-120 μm phytoplankton. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 198:115860. [PMID: 38039576 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
A baseline study was undertaken on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in phytoplankton. Plankton samples from six stations (duplicates) in Kaohsiung Harbor (KH), Taiwan along with a phytoplankton control sample afar from the harbor, were collected. We applied size-fractionation to isolate phytoplankton (55-120 μm), followed by sedimentation and centrifugation to remove abiogenic particulates. The phytoplankton was freeze-dried, extracted with acetone: n-hexane (1:1, v/v), and analyzed using GC-MS. ΣPAHs in phytoplankton ranged between 5204 and 28,903 ng/g dry weight (mean: 12,150 ng/g). The ΣPAHs in KH were >7 times than the control site (C1: 3972 ng/g). Cluster analysis showed spatial gradients (northern < southern KH). Accumulated PAHs in phytoplankton were from petrogenic (fishing ports and ships) and pyrogenic (river outflows), dominated by lower-ring PAHs, likely due to their higher bioavailability in the dissolved phase. We present a practical phytoplankton isolation technique for more accurate phytoplankton PAH concentrations with insights into their distribution and sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Paolo Jay B Albarico
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; College of Fisheries and Allied Sciences, Northern Negros State College of Science and Technology, Sagay City 6122, Philippines
| | - Yee Cheng Lim
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Feng Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Huang Wang
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan.
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Guigue C, Tesán-Onrubia JA, Guyomarc'h L, Bănaru D, Carlotti F, Pagano M, Chifflet S, Malengros D, Chouba L, Tronczynski J, Tedetti M. Hydrocarbons in size-fractionated plankton of the Mediterranean Sea (MERITE-HIPPOCAMPE campaign). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 194:115386. [PMID: 37591021 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs and PAHs, respectively) were analyzed in the dissolved fraction (<0.7 μm) of surface water and in various particulate/planktonic size fractions (0.7-60, 60-200, 200-500 and 500-1000 μm) collected at the deep chlorophyll maximum, along a North-South transect in the Mediterranean Sea in spring 2019 (MERITE-HIPPOCAMPE campaign). Suspended particulate matter, biomass, total chlorophyll a, particulate organic carbon, C and N isotopic ratios, and lipid biomarkers were also determined to help characterizing the size-fractionated plankton and highlight the potential link with the content in AHs and PAHs in these size fractions. Ʃ28AH concentrations ranged 18-489 ng L-1 for water, 3.9-72 μg g-1 dry weight (dw) for the size fraction 0.7-60 μm, and 3.4-55 μg g-1 dw for the fractions 60-200, 200-500 and 500-1000 μm. AH molecular profiles revealed that they were mainly of biogenic origin. Ʃ14PAH concentrations were 0.9-16 ng L-1 for water, and Ʃ27PAH concentrations were 53-220 ng g-1 dw for the fraction 0.7-60 μm and 35-255 ng g-1 dw for the three higher fractions, phenanthrene being the most abundant compound in planktonic compartment. Two processes were evidenced concerning the PAH patterns, the bioreduction, i.e., the decrease in concentrations from the small size fractions (0.7-60 and 60-200 μm) to the higher ones (200-500 μm and 500-1000 μm), and the biodilution, i.e., the decrease in concentrations in plankton at higher suspended matter or biomass, especially for the 0.7-60 and 60-200-μm size fractions. We estimated the biological pump fluxes of Ʃ27PAHs below 100-m depth in the Western Mediterranean Sea at 15 ± 10 ng m-2 day-1, which is comparable to those previously reported in the South Pacific and Indian Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Guigue
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France.
| | | | - Léa Guyomarc'h
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
| | - Daniela Bănaru
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
| | - François Carlotti
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Pagano
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
| | - Sandrine Chifflet
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
| | - Deny Malengros
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
| | - Lassaad Chouba
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), 28, rue 2 mars 1934, Salammbô 2025, Tunisia
| | - Jacek Tronczynski
- Ifremer, CCEM Contamination Chimique des Ecosystèmes Marins, F-44311 Nantes, France
| | - Marc Tedetti
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
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Koljančić N, Samelak I, Balaban M, Špánik I. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry in assessment of road run‐off sediment quality parameters. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202200003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nemanja Koljančić
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Ivan Samelak
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics University of Banja Luka Banja Luka Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Milica Balaban
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics University of Banja Luka Banja Luka Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ivan Špánik
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava Bratislava Slovakia
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Vieweg I, Bender ML, Semenchuk PR, Hop H, Nahrgang J. Effects of chronic crude oil exposure on the fitness of polar cod (Boreogadus saida) through changes in growth, energy reserves and survival. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 174:105545. [PMID: 34999412 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Climate models predict extended periods with sea-ice free Arctic waters during the next decade, which will allow more shipping activity and easier access to petroleum resources. Increased industrial activities raise concerns about the biological effects of accidental petroleum release on key species of the Arctic marine ecosystem, such as the polar cod (Boreogadus saida). This study examines effects on physiological traits related to the fitness of adult polar cod, such as growth, survival, and lipid parameters. Fish were exposed to environmentally-relevant crude oil doses through their diet over an 8-month period, concurrent with reproductive development. In liver tissue, lipid class composition differed between treatments while in gonad tissue, lipid class composition varied between sexes, but not treatments. Crude oil did not affect growth and survival, which indicated that polar cod were relatively robust to dietary crude oil exposure at doses tested (0.11-1.14 μg crude oil/g fish/day) in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ireen Vieweg
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Morgan Lizabeth Bender
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Philipp Robert Semenchuk
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway; Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation Ecology and Landscape Ecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Rennweg 14, 1030, Vienna, Australia
| | - Haakon Hop
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, N-9296, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jasmine Nahrgang
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
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Hou Y, Li Y, Liu Y, Li G, Zhang Z. Effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the UV-induced fluorescence spectra of crude oil films on the sea surface. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 146:977-984. [PMID: 31426245 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As the main fluorescent substances in oils, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are the basis of ultraviolet (UV)-induced fluorescence spectroscopy methods to detect oil films on the sea surface. The relative contents of PAHs in six crude oil samples and their effects on ultraviolet fluorescence spectra were studied. The PAHs were divided into four categories according to their fluorescence characteristics. Naphthalene series dominated the fluorescence spectra, which led to a main peak at 320-350 nm, but this showed no relationship with PAH content. The six oil samples could not be distinguished by differences in the fluorescence spectra in this range, but could be distinguished by the fluorescence spectra in the 350-380 nm band. The relative contents of dibenzothiophene and phenanthrene series showed significant positive correlations (R2 = 0.96) with fluorescence intensity. Fluorescence spectroscopy combined with GC-MS can be used to distinguish and identify crude oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Hou
- College of Navigation, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Navigation, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Guannan Li
- College of Navigation, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Zhenduo Zhang
- College of Navigation, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
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6
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Bender ML, Frantzen M, Vieweg I, Falk-Petersen IB, Johnsen HK, Rudolfsen G, Tollefsen KE, Dubourg P, Nahrgang J. Effects of chronic dietary petroleum exposure on reproductive development in polar cod (Boreogadus saida). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 180:196-208. [PMID: 27723571 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Increasing human activities in the Arctic raise the risk of petroleum pollution, thus posing an elevated risk for Arctic organisms to be chronically exposed to petroleum compounds. The endocrine disrupting properties of some of these compounds (i.e. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs]) present in crude oil may have negative effects on the long and energy intensive reproductive development of polar cod (Boreogadus saida), an Arctic keystone species. In the present study, selected reproductive parameters were examined in feral polar cod exposed to crude oil via a natural diet (0.11, 0.57 and 1.14μg crude oil/g fish/day [corresponding to low, medium and high treatments, respectively]) for 31 weeks prior to spawning. Fish maturing in the current reproductive period made up 92% of the experimental population while 5% were immature and 3% were identified as resting fish. Phase I metabolism of PAHs, indicated by ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, showed a dose-dependent increase in high and medium crude oil treatments at week 6 and 22, respectively. Decreasing EROD activity and increasing PAH bile metabolite concentrations over the experimental period may be explained by reproductive maturity stage. Significant alterations in sperm motility were observed in crude oil exposed males compared to the controls. The investigated somatic indices (gonad and hepatic), germ cell development and plasma steroid levels (estradiol-17β [females], testosterone [males and females] and 11-ketotestosterone [males]) were not significantly altered by chronic dietary exposure to crude oil. The environmentally realistic doses polar cod were chronically exposed to in this study were likely not high enough to induce adverse effects in this ecologically important fish species. This study elucidated many baseline aspects of polar cod reproductive physiology and emphasized the influence of maturation state on biomarkers of PAH biotransformation (EROD and PAH bile metabolites).
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Lizabeth Bender
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | | | - Ireen Vieweg
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Helge Kreutzer Johnsen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Geir Rudolfsen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Paul Dubourg
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jasmine Nahrgang
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
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7
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Apostolopoulou MV, Monteyne E, Krikonis K, Pavlopoulos K, Roose P, Dehairs F. n-Alkanes and stable C, N isotopic compositions as identifiers of organic matter sources in Posidonia oceanica meadows of Alexandroupolis Gulf, NE Greece. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 99:346-355. [PMID: 26194407 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed n-alkane contents and their stable carbon isotope composition, as well as the carbon and nitrogen isotope composition (δ(13)C, δ(15)N) of sediment organic matter and different tissues of Posidonia oceanica seagrass sampled in Alexandroupolis Gulf (A.G.), north-eastern Greece, during 2007-2011. n-Alkane contents in P. oceanica and in sediments showed similar temporal trends, but relative to bulk organic carbon content, n-alkanes were much more enriched in sediments compared to seagrass tissue. Individual n-alkanes in sediments had similar values than seagrass roots and rhizomes and were more depleted in (13)C compared to seagrass leaves and sheaths, with δ(13)C values ranging from -35‰ to -28‰ and from -25‰ to -20‰, respectively. n-Alkane indexes such as the Carbon Preference Index, carbon number maximum, and n-alkane proxy 1 (C23+C25/C23+C25+C29+C31) indicate strong inputs of terrestrial organic matter, while the presence of unresolved complex mixtures suggests potential oil pollution in some sampled areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Venetia Apostolopoulou
- Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry and Earth System Sciences Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Els Monteyne
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Operational Directorate Natural Environments, ECOCHEM, 3e & 23e Linieregimentsplein, B-8400 Ostend, Belgium.
| | | | - Kosmas Pavlopoulos
- Department of Geography and Planning, Paris-Sorbonne University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 38044, Al Reem Island, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Patrick Roose
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Operational Directorate Natural Environments, ECOCHEM, 3e & 23e Linieregimentsplein, B-8400 Ostend, Belgium.
| | - Frank Dehairs
- Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry and Earth System Sciences Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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Acosta-González A, Martirani-von Abercron SM, Rosselló-Móra R, Wittich RM, Marqués S. The effect of oil spills on the bacterial diversity and catabolic function in coastal sediments: a case study on the Prestige oil spill. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:15200-14. [PMID: 25869434 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4458-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The accident of the Prestige oil tanker in 2002 contaminated approximately 900 km of the coastline along the northern Spanish shore, as well as parts of Portugal and France coast, with a mixture of heavy crude oil consisting of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alkanes, asphaltenes and resins. The capacity of the autochthonous bacterial communities to respond to the oil spill was assessed indirectly by determining the hydrocarbon profiles of weathered oil samples collected along the shore, as well as through isotope ratios of seawater-dissolved CO2, and directly by analyses of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis fingerprints and 16S rRNA gene libraries. Overall, the results evidenced biodegradation of crude oil components mediated by natural bacterial communities, with a bias towards lighter and less substituted compounds. The changes observed in the Proteobacteria, the most abundant phylum in marine sediments, were related to the metabolic profiles of the sediment. The presence of crude oil in the supratidal and intertidal zones increased the abundance of Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria, dominated by the groups Sphingomonadaceae, Rhodobacteraceae and Chromatiales, whilst Gamma- and Deltaproteobacteria were more relevant in subtidal zones. The phylum Actinobacteria, and particularly the genus Rhodococcus, was a key player in the microbial response to the spill, especially in the degradation of the alkane fraction. The addition of inorganic fertilizers enhanced total biodegradation rates, suggesting that, in these environments, nutrients were insufficient to support significant growth after the huge increase in carbon sources, as evidenced in other spills. The presence of bacterial communities able to respond to a massive oil input in this area was consistent with the important history of pollution of the region by crude oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Acosta-González
- Department of Environmental Protection, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de La Sabana, Autopista Norte km 7, Chía, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Sophie-Marie Martirani-von Abercron
- Department of Environmental Protection, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Ramon Rosselló-Móra
- Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats, IMEDEA, CSIC-UIB, C/. Miquel Marqués 21, 07190, Esporles, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Regina-Michaela Wittich
- Department of Environmental Protection, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Silvia Marqués
- Department of Environmental Protection, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain.
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9
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Häder DP, Villafañe VE, Helbling EW. Productivity of aquatic primary producers under global climate change. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015; 13:1370-92. [PMID: 25191675 DOI: 10.1039/c3pp50418b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The productivity of aquatic primary producers depends on a number of biotic and abiotic factors, such as pH, CO2 concentration, temperature, nutrient availability, solar UV and PAR irradiances, mixing frequency as well as herbivore pressure and the presence of viruses, among others. The effects of these factors, within a climate change context, may be additive, synergistic or antagonistic. Since some of them, e.g. solar radiation and temperature, vary along a latitudinal gradient, this perspective about the effects of global climate change on primary producers will consider ecosystems individually, separated into polar (Arctic and Antarctic), temperate and tropical waters. As coastal waters are characterized by lower light penetration and higher DOM and nutrient concentrations, they are considered in a separate section. Freshwater systems are also governed by different conditions and therefore also treated in their own section. Overall, we show that although there are general common trends of changes in variables associated with global change (e.g. the impact of UVR on photosynthesis tends to decrease with increasing temperature and nutrient input), the responses of aquatic primary producers have great variability in the different ecosystems across latitudes. This is mainly due to direct or indirect effects associated with physico-chemical changes that occur within water bodies. Therefore we stress the need for regional predictions on the responses of primary producers to climate change as it is not warranted to extrapolate from one system to another.
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Zhou P, Chen C, Ye J, Shen W, Xiong X, Hu P, Fang H, Huang C, Sun Y. Combining molecular fingerprints with multidimensional scaling analyses to identify the source of spilled oil from highly similar suspected oils. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 93:121-129. [PMID: 25765488 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Oil fingerprints have been a powerful tool widely used for determining the source of spilled oil. In most cases, this tool works well. However, it is usually difficult to identify the source if the oil spill accident occurs during offshore petroleum exploration due to the highly similar physiochemical characteristics of suspected oils from the same drilling platform. In this report, a case study from the waters of the South China Sea is presented, and multidimensional scaling analysis (MDS) is introduced to demonstrate how oil fingerprints can be combined with mathematical methods to identify the source of spilled oil from highly similar suspected sources. The results suggest that the MDS calculation based on oil fingerprints and subsequently integrated with specific biomarkers in spilled oils is the most effective method with a great potential for determining the source in terms of highly similar suspected oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyu Zhou
- South China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Changshu Chen
- South China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Jianjun Ye
- South China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Wenjie Shen
- School of Earth Science and Geological Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources & Geological Processes, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Xiong
- South China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Ping Hu
- South China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Hongda Fang
- South China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Chuguang Huang
- South China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Yongge Sun
- Department of Earth Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China.
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11
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Romero-Lopez J, Lopez-Rodas V, Costas E. Estimating the capability of microalgae to physiological acclimatization and genetic adaptation to petroleum and diesel oil contamination. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 124-125:227-237. [PMID: 22982500 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing scientific interest in how phytoplankton reacts to petroleum contamination, since crude oil and its derivatives are generating extensive contamination of aquatic environments. However, toxic effects of short-term petroleum exposure are more widely known than the adaptation of phytoplankton to long-term petroleum exposure. An analysis of short-term and long-term effects of petroleum exposure was done using experimental populations of freshwater (Scenedesmus intermedius and Microcystis aeruginosa) and marine (Dunaliella tertiolecta) microalgae isolated from pristine sites without crude oil product contamination. These strains were exposed to increased levels of petroleum and diesel oil. Short-term exposure to petroleum or diesel oil revealed a rapid inhibition of photosynthetic performance and cell proliferation in freshwater and marine phytoplankton species. A broad degree of inter-specific variation in lethal contamination level was observed. When different strains were exposed to petroleum or diesel oil over the long-term, the cultures showed massive destruction of the sensitive cells. Nonetheless, after further incubation, some cultures were able to grow again due to cells that were resistant to the toxins. By means of a fluctuation analysis, discrimination between cells that had become resistant due to physiological acclimatization and resistant cells arising from rare spontaneous mutations was accomplished. In addition, an analysis was done as to the maximum capacity of adaptation to a gradual contamination process. An experimental ratchet protocol was used, which maintains a strong selection pressure in a temporal scale up to several months over very large experimental populations of microalgae. Microalgae are able to survive to petroleum contamination as a result of physiological acclimatization without genetic changes. However, when petroleum concentration exceeds the physiological limits, survival depends exclusively on the occurrence on mutations that confer resistance and subsequent selection of these mutants. Finally, it is certain that further mutations and selection will ultimately determine adaptation of microalgae to the environmental forcing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Romero-Lopez
- Genetica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Radović JR, Rial D, Lyons BP, Harman C, Viñas L, Beiras R, Readman JW, Thomas KV, Bayona JM. Post-incident monitoring to evaluate environmental damage from shipping incidents: chemical and biological assessments. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2012; 109:136-153. [PMID: 22705812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Oil and chemical spills in the marine environment are an issue of growing concern. Oil exploration and exploitation is moving from the continental shelf to deeper waters, and to northern latitudes where the risk of an oil spill is potentially greater and may affect pristine ecosystems. Moreover, a growing number of chemical products are transported by sea and maritime incidents of hazardous and noxious substances (HNS) are expected to increase. Consequently, it seems timely to review all of the experience gained from past spills to be able to cope with appropriate response and mitigation strategies to combat future incidents. Accordingly, this overview is focused on the dissemination of the most successful approaches to both detect and assess accidental releases using chemical as well as biological approaches for spills of either oil or HNS in the marine environment. Aerial surveillance, sampling techniques for water, suspended particles, sediments and biota are reviewed. Early warning bioassays and biomarkers to assess spills are also presented. Finally, research needs and gaps in knowledge are discussed.
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Neuparth T, Moreira SM, Santos MM, Reis-Henriques MA. Review of oil and HNS accidental spills in Europe: identifying major environmental monitoring gaps and drawing priorities. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2012; 64:1085-1095. [PMID: 22498315 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2011] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The European Atlantic area has been the scene of a number of extensive shipping incidents with immediate and potential long-term impacts to marine ecosystems. The occurrence of accidental spills at sea requires an effective response that must include a well executed monitoring programme to assess the environmental contamination and damage of the affected marine habitats. Despite a number of conventions and protocols developed by international and national authorities that focused on the preparedness and response to oil and HNS spills, much remains to be done, particularly in relation to the effectiveness of the environmental monitoring programmes implemented after oil and HNS spills. Hence, the present study reviews the status of the environmental monitoring programmes established following the major spill incidents over the last years in European waters, aiming at identifying the key monitoring gaps and drawing priorities for an effective environmental monitoring of accidental spills.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Neuparth
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 177, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
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Viñas L, Franco A, Blanco X, Bargiela J, Soriano JA, Perez-Fernandez B, Gonzalez JJ. Temporal and spatial changes of PAH concentrations in Mytilus galloprovincialis from Ria de Vigo (NW Spain). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 19:529-539. [PMID: 21842344 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-011-0584-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to establish the temporal trends and spatial distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Ria de Vigo by means of studying the PAH burden in wild mussels. The samples were collected in eight sites along the margins of the Ria de Vigo during November from 1998 to 2008 and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon contents were determined using high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence derivatization (HPLC-FLD). Quality of chemical analysis was guaranteed by participation in QUASIMEME intercalibration exercises carried out during the period of analysis. The concentrations for the sum of 13 PAHs were in the range 24-480 μg/kg dw, typical of an urban and industrialized area (50-500 μg/kg dw) except for a punctual input in La Guía in 1998 that led to a concentration above 1,000 μg/kg dw. In general, the sites in the outermost section of the estuary (ría) showed the lowest values, with an increasing gradient in the medium and inner parts of the ría. Temporal patterns show, in general, a downward trend. The relative proportion of 3 and 4 ring PAHs also varies with the site, the former being predominant in the outermost area and the latter in the medium and inner parts of the ría. This is consistently related with the sources and processes taking place in different areas of the estuary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Viñas
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, IEO (Instituto Español de Oceanografía), Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, Spain.
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15
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Huang YJ, Jiang ZB, Zeng JN, Chen QZ, Zhao YQ, Liao YB, Shou L, Xu XQ. The chronic effects of oil pollution on marine phytoplankton in a subtropical bay, China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2011; 176:517-530. [PMID: 20640504 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-010-1601-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 06/27/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of crude oil water accommodated fraction (WAF) on marine phytoplankton community, natural phytoplankton collected seasonally from the Yueqing bay were exposed to eight groups of crude oil WAF for 15 days under laboratory conditions. Chlorophyll a and cell density were measured, and species of phytoplankton were identified every 24 h to reflect the change of phytoplankton community. The results showed that (1) High concentrations (≥ 2.28 mg l(-1)) of oil pollution would greatly restrain phytoplankton growth (p<0.001), decrease chlorophyll a content and cell density, whereas low concentrations (≤ 1.21 mg l(-1)) did not restrain its growth but rather promoted the phytoplankton growth. (2) The biodiversity, evenness, and species number of phytoplankton were all significantly influenced by crude oil WAF in all seasons (p<0.001). (3) The dominant species changes were different under different pollutant concentrations in different seasons. Different species had different tolerances to the oil pollution, thus leading to abnormal succession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, No. 36 Northern Baochu Road, Hangzhou, 310012, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Carrera-Martinez D, Mateos-Sanz A, Lopez-Rodas V, Costas E. Adaptation of microalgae to a gradient of continuous petroleum contamination. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2011; 101:342-350. [PMID: 21216344 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Revised: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In order to study adaptation of microalgae to petroleum contamination, we have examined an environmental stress gradient by crude oil contamination in the Arroyo Minero River (AMR), Argentina. Underground crude oil has constantly leaked out since 1915 as a consequence of test drilling for possible petroleum exploitation. Numerous microalgae species proliferated in AMR upstream of the crude oil spill. In contrast, only four microalgal species were detected in the crude oil spill area. Species richness increases again downstream. Microalgae biomass in the crude oil spill area is dominated by a mesophile species, Scenedesmus sp. Effects of oil samples from AMR spill on photosynthetic performance and growth were studied using laboratory cultures of two Scenedesmus sp. strains. One strain (Se-co) was isolated from the crude oil spill area. The other strain (Se-pr) was isolated from a pristine area without petroleum contamination. Crude oil has undetectable effects on Se-co strain. In contrast crude oil rapidly destroys Se-pr strain. However, Se-pr strain can adapt to low doses of petroleum (≤ 3% v/v total hydrocarbons/water) by means of physiological acclimatization. In contrast, only rare crude oil-resistant mutants are able to grow under high levels of crude oil (≥ 10% v/v total hydrocarbons/water). These crude oil-resistant mutants have arisen through rare spontaneous mutations that occur prior to crude oil exposure. Species richness in different areas of AMR is closely connected to the kind of mechanism (genetic adaptation vs. physiological acclimatization) that allows adaptation. Resistant-mutants are enough to assure the survival of microalgal species under catastrophic crude oil spill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Carrera-Martinez
- AlgasGen Biotecnología, EBT-UCM, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Puerta de Hierro s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
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17
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Tim-Tim ALS, Morgado F, Moreira S, Rangel R, Nogueira AJA, Soares AMVM, Guilhermino L. Cholinesterase and glutathione S-transferase activities of three mollusc species from the NW Portuguese coast in relation to the 'Prestige' oil spill. CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 77:1465-1475. [PMID: 19889444 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2009] [Revised: 09/06/2009] [Accepted: 10/11/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In November 2002, the tanker 'Prestige' released about 19,000 tonnes of a heavy fuel oil (no. 6) before sinking with about 58,000 tonnes of its cargo, 135 miles from Cabo Finisterra (Spain). A considerable part of the released fuel oil reached the Galician coast, causing a heavy black tide and an ecological disaster. Although the black tide did not reach the NW coast of Portugal, it is possible that some of the fuel oil or its components also arrived to this area directly through the sea water and/or indirectly through the food chain. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate possible changes in two widely used biomarkers, the activity of the enzymes cholinesterases (ChE) and glutathione S-transferases (GST), of three molluscs (Mytilus galloprovincialis, Nucella lapillus and Monodonta lineata) from wild populations of the NW Portuguese coast in relation to the 'Prestige' oil spill. Molluscs were collected seasonally before (autumn 2002) and after (winter 2002/2003), spring and summer 2003) the oil spill at several sites along the Portuguese NW coast. Enzymatic activities determined before the accident were compared with those determined at different times after the oil spill taking into consideration abiotic factors. Information from different parameters was integrated by Redundancy Analysis and Principal Response Curves (PRC). Results show that GST and ChE activities were influenced by abiotic factors. Despite this influence, the results of PRC analysis also suggest that some of the fuel oil reached the NW Portuguese coast changing the patterns of ChE and GST activities of local populations of rocky shore species. Furthermore, the present study highlights the need of long-term monitoring with wild populations to assess both historical and punctual effects of pollution in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L S Tim-Tim
- CIIMAR-Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Rua dos Bragas no. 177, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
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Viñas L, Franco MA, González JJ. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon composition of sediments in the Ría de Vigo (NW Spain). ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2009; 57:42-49. [PMID: 18825447 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-008-9230-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2008] [Accepted: 09/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Individual parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were identified and quantified in samples of recent sediments at 32 stations in the Ria de Vigo (NW Spain) and its adjacent shelf by high-performance liquid chromatography and a fluorescence detector. This area suffers the pressure of nearly 500,000 inhabitants and includes a number of important marine organisms. The total concentration for the sum of the 13 PAHs quantified were in the range 28-3203 ng/g. The highest concentrations were found near the city of Vigo, where marinas and dockyards as well as highways with a high traffic flow are established. Low PAH concentrations were determined in the outermost part of the estuary, far from the anthropogenic influence. PAH isomers concentration ratios were assessed, indicating that the main source of these compounds in the whole area is pyrolysis. When compared with the EACs, threshold effect level, and probable effect level values, only the samples from the inner part of the ría can occasionally present adverse biological effects due to the PAH concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Viñas
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Vigo Coastal Centre, Spain.
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Viñas L, Franco MA, Soriano JA, González JJ, Ortiz L, Bayona JM, Albaigés J. Accumulation trends of petroleum hydrocarbons in commercial shellfish from the Galician coast (NW Spain) affected by the Prestige oil spill. CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 75:534-541. [PMID: 19150729 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Accepted: 12/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons were determined in three species of commercial shellfish, namely razor shells (Ensis arcuatus and Ensis siliqua), goose barnacle (Pollicipes cornucopia) and sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus), living in different habitats and exhibiting different feeding behaviors. The samples were collected monthly, from January 2003 to October 2004, in three stations of the Galicia coast (NW Spain), following the Prestige oil spill, with the aim of assessing their response to the spill and, therefore, their suitability for monitoring purposes. The aliphatic fractions were mostly dominated by biogenic hydrocarbons, reflecting the diet composition of the organisms and their low metabolic capacity. The presence of oil was assessed by the determination of chemical markers. The analysis of the aromatic fractions revealed the occurrence of 3-6 ring parent and alkylated PAHs, consistent with a mixed petrogenic-pyrolytic origin, with the common feature of the predominance of chrysene in all samples collected after the spill. However, the distributions exhibited both temporal and interspecies variations. The PAH concentrations (Sigma13) increased significantly after the spill and decreased 6-7 months later close to background levels for the region. One year after the accident, the median values were: 58 microg/kg for razor shells, 26 microg/kg for barnacles, and 25 microg/kg for sea urchins. The temporal evolution of the PAH concentrations along the survey period was used to estimate loss rates for bioavailable PAHs in barnacles and sea urchins after the spill. Half-life values were in the order of 30 and 60 d, respectively. The results of the study demonstrate that barnacles can be suitable species for oil spill monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Viñas
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Cabo Estai-Canido, 36200 Vigo, Spain.
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Fernandes D, Andreu-Sánchez O, Bebianno MJ, Porte C. Assessment of pollution along the Northern Iberian shelf by the combined use of chemical and biochemical markers in two representative fish species. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2008; 155:327-335. [PMID: 18162268 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2007] [Revised: 11/05/2007] [Accepted: 11/11/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Muscle concentrations of organochlorinated compounds as well as biliary levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and alkylphenols (APEs) were determined in two different fish species, the four-spotted megrim (Lepidorhombus boscii) and the pouting (Trisopterus luscus) collected along the Northern Iberian coast. Additionally, a set of biochemical markers namely, 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD), UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) and catalase (CAT) were measured in liver subcellular fractions. Chemical analysis indicated geographical differences in pollutant loads that were further reinforced by biomarker responses. Thus, EROD activity showed a good correlation with the amount of PCBs bioaccumulated in muscle tissue of both fish species. Elevated UGT activity was observed in those individuals highly exposed to APEs and 1-naphthol. The study reinforces the need to select representative sentinel species from different habitats for biomonitoring purposes and provides further support for the use of biomarkers in assessing the health of coastal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Fernandes
- CIMA, University of Algarve, FCMA, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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Lobón CM, Fernández C, Arrontes J, Rico JM, Acuña JL, Anadón R, Monteoliva JA. Effects of the 'Prestige' oil spill on macroalgal assemblages: large-scale comparison. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2008; 56:1192-1200. [PMID: 18353402 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2007] [Revised: 01/22/2008] [Accepted: 02/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
An assessment of the effects of the 'Prestige' oil spill on intertidal, macroalgal assemblages was carried out comparing abundance data obtained before and after the spill. Four zones in the North and Northwest coast of Spain were sampled, one of them located at the immediate vicinity of the spill, the zone most heavily oiled. Macroalgal assemblages had similar structure between years. Neither critical decrease in abundance of the dominant macroalgae, nor increase in opportunistic species were found. Some differences in abundance were observed, but they did not show any pattern, being more likely the result of the natural variability of the assemblage. Extensive, but not intense fuel deposition on the shores and a limited use of aggressive cleanup methods are suggested as possible causes for the lack of the effects in these assemblages after the 'Prestige' oil spill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M Lobón
- Dpto. de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Unidad de Ecología, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Catedrático Rodrigo Uría s/n, 33071 Oviedo, Spain.
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