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Chia MA, Lorenzi AS, Ameh I, Dauda S, Cordeiro-Araújo MK, Agee JT, Okpanachi IY, Adesalu AT. Susceptibility of phytoplankton to the increasing presence of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in the aquatic environment: A review. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 234:105809. [PMID: 33780670 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Human and veterinary pharmaceuticals either in the form of un-metabolized, incompletely metabolized, and metabolized drugs are increasingly present in aquatic ecosystems. These active pharmaceutical ingredients from pharmaceutical industries, hospitals, agricultural, and domestic discharges find their way into water systems - where they adversely affect non-target organisms like phytoplankton. Different aspects of phytoplankton life; ranging from growth, reproduction, morphology, physiology, biochemical composition, oxidative response, proteomics, and transcriptomics are altered by pharmaceuticals. This review discusses the currently available information on the susceptibility of phytoplankton to the ever-increasing presence of pharmaceutical products in the aquatic environment by focusing on the effect of APIs on the physiology, metabolome, and proteome profiles of phytoplankton. We also highlight gaps in literature concerning the salient underlining biochemical interactions between phytoplankton communities and pharmaceuticals that require an in-depth investigation. This is all in a bid to understand the imminent dangers of the contamination of water bodies with pharmaceutical products and how this process unfavorably affects aquatic food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriana Sturion Lorenzi
- Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Ilu Ameh
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Africa Centre of Excellence for Neglected Tropical Diseases and Forensic Biotechnology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Suleiman Dauda
- Department of Botany, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Botany, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis km 235. Zip Code 13.565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Micheline Kézia Cordeiro-Araújo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, São Dimas, Zip Code 13.418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Jerry Tersoo Agee
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Africa Centre of Excellence for Neglected Tropical Diseases and Forensic Biotechnology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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Liu Y, Yang M, Zheng L, Nguyen H, Ni L, Song S, Sui Y. Antioxidant responses of triangle sail mussel Hyriopsis cumingii exposed to toxic Microcystis aeruginosa and thermal stress. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 743:140754. [PMID: 32758840 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) and thermal stress as climate changes become more common in global water ecosystem, especially under eutrophic habitats. Here our study examined the combined impacts of bloom forming cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa and thermal stress on the antioxidant responses of the ecologically important species triangle sail mussel Hyriopsis cumingii. The differential responses of a series of enzymes, e.g. superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), as well as signal metabolites including reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) involved in antioxidant defense mechanisms were analyzed during 14 d exposure to toxic cyanobacterium M. aeruginosa and 7 d depuration period. The activities of SOD and GPx as well as the content of ROS and MDA in H. cumingii increased, while CAT activity reduced due to M. aeruginosa exposure. Thermal stress resulted in decrease of CAT, the accumulation of GSH and the enhance of GST and SOD. Meanwhile, the interactive effects among M. aeruginosa, thermal stress and time were also observed on most parameters except for GST activity. The total amount of microcystins (MC) in sail mussels increased with concentrations of exposed M. aeruginosa, independently of the presence or absence of thermal stress. Although around 50% of MC in mussels dropped in the depuration period, most parameters showed alterations because of cyanobacteria exposure and thermal stress. Overall, these findings suggested that toxic cyanobacteria or thermal stress induces oxidative stress and severely affects the enzymes activities and intermediates level associated with antioxidant defense mechanisms in sail mussels respectively. More importantly, the toxic impacts on sail mussels could be intensified by their combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Liu
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Min Yang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Liang Zheng
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Haidang Nguyen
- Research Institute for Aquaculture No.1, Bac Ninh 16315, Viet Nam
| | - Liangping Ni
- Yueqing Guangyu Biological Technology Co., LTD, Wenzhou 325608, China
| | - Shanshan Song
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 239556, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Yanming Sui
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China; Department of Ocean Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
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Loise de Morais Calado S, Esterhuizen-Londt M, Cristina Silva de Assis H, Pflugmacher S. Phytoremediation: green technology for the removal of mixed contaminants of a water supply reservoir. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2019; 21:372-379. [PMID: 30656959 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2018.1524843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Iraí Reservoir, a water supply in Brazil, is constantly impacted by anthropogenic activities such as waste inputs from agriculture, hospitals and urbanization, resulting toxic cyanobacterial blooms causing economic, social and environmental problems. This study assessed the concentration of some common contaminants of the Iraí Reservoir, namely paracetamol, diclofenac and microcystin-LR and tested whether a laboratory scale Green Liver System® would serve as a suitable technology to remove these contaminants. Further, the study investigated whether the pollutants caused adverse effects to the macrophytes using catalase as a biomarker for oxidative stress and investigated whether biotransformation (glutathione S-transferase) was a main route for detoxification. Egeria densa, Ceratophyllum demersum and Myriophyllum aquaticum were exposed to a mixture of the three contaminants for 14 days in a concentration range similar to those detected in the reservoir. The plants removed 93% of diclofenac and 100% of MC-LR after 14 days. Paracetamol could not be detected. Catalase and glutathione S-transferase enzyme activities remained unaltered after the 14-day exposure, indicating that the mixture did not cause oxidative stress. The study showed that the aquatic macrophytes used are suitable tools to apply in a Green Liver System® for the remediation of mixed pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maranda Esterhuizen-Londt
- b Ecotoxicology in an Urban Environment, Ecosystems and Environmental Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences , University of Helsinki , Lahti , Finland
| | | | - Stephan Pflugmacher
- b Ecotoxicology in an Urban Environment, Ecosystems and Environmental Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences , University of Helsinki , Lahti , Finland
- c Joint Laboratory of Applied Ecotoxicology , Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe (KIST) , Saarbrücken , Germany
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Špoljarić Maronić D, Štolfa Čamagajevac I, Horvatić J, Žuna Pfeiffer T, Stević F, Žarković N, Waeg G, Jaganjac M. S-metolachlor promotes oxidative stress in green microalga Parachlorella kessleri - A potential environmental and health risk for higher organisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 637-638:41-49. [PMID: 29751315 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The estimation of the toxic influences of herbicide products on non-target aquatic organisms is essential for evaluation of environmental contamination. We assessed the effects of the herbicide S-metolachlor (S-MET) on unicellular green microalga Parachlorella kessleri during 4-72 in vitro exposure to concentrations in the range 2-200μg/L. The results have shown that S-MET had a significant effect on algae, even in doses 10 and 20 times lower than the EC50 values obtained for P. kessleri (EC50-72h=1090μg/L). It generates reactive oxygen species in algae, decreases their growth and photosynthetic pigment concentration, changes their ultrastructure and alters the cellular antioxidant defence capacities. The levels of protein adducts with the reactive aldehyde 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), the end-product of lipid peroxidation, were significantly elevated in S-MET treated cells revealing the insufficient effectiveness of P. kessleri antioxidant mechanisms and persistent lipid peroxidation. Since algae are fundamental aquatic food component, the damaged algal cells, still capable of dividing while having persistently increased content of HNE upon S-MET contamination could represent an important environmental toxic factor that might further affect higher organisms in the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dubravka Špoljarić Maronić
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Ivna Štolfa Čamagajevac
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Janja Horvatić
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Tanja Žuna Pfeiffer
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Filip Stević
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Neven Žarković
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Bijenicka 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Georg Waeg
- University of Graz, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Humboldtstraße 50, AT-8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Morana Jaganjac
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Bijenicka 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; Anti Doping Lab Qatar, Life Science and Research Division, Sports City Road, P.O. Box 27775, Doha, Qatar.
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Akter S, Vehniäinen M, Kankaanpää HT, Lamminmäki U. Rapid and Highly Sensitive Non-Competitive Immunoassay for Specific Detection of Nodularin. Microorganisms 2017; 5:microorganisms5030058. [PMID: 28895936 PMCID: PMC5620649 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms5030058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nodularin (NOD) is a cyclic penta-peptide hepatotoxin mainly produced by Nodularia spumigena, reported from the brackish water bodies of various parts of the world. It can accumulate in the food chain and, for safety reasons, levels of NOD not only in water bodies but also in food matrices are of interest. Here, we report on a non-competitive immunoassay for the specific detection of NOD. A phage display technique was utilized to interrogate a synthetic antibody phage library for binders recognizing NOD bound to an anti-ADDA (3-Amino-9-methoxy-2,6,8-trimethyl-10-phenyldeca-4(E),6(E)-dienoic acid) monoclonal antibody (Mab). One of the obtained immunocomplex binders, designated SA32C11, showed very high specificity towards nodularin-R (NOD-R) over to the tested 10 different microcystins (microcystin-LR, -dmLR, -RR, -dmRR, -YR, -LY, -LF, -LW, -LA, -WR). It was expressed in Escherichia coli as a single chain antibody fragment (scFv) fusion protein and used to establish a time-resolved fluorometry-based assay in combination with the anti-ADDA Mab. The detection limit (blank + 3SD) of the immunoassay, with a total assay time of 1 h 10 min, is 0.03 µg/L of NOD-R. This represents the most sensitive immunoassay method for the specific detection of NOD reported so far. The assay was tested for its performance to detect NOD using spiked (0.1 to 3 µg/L of NOD-R) water samples including brackish sea and coastal water and the recovery ranged from 79 to 127%. Furthermore, a panel of environmental samples, including water from different sources, fish and other marine tissue specimens, were analyzed for NOD using the assay. The assay has potential as a rapid screening tool for the analysis of a large number of water samples for the presence of NOD. It can also find applications in the analysis of the bioaccumulation of NOD in marine organisms and in the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultana Akter
- Molecular Biotechnology and Diagnostics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Markus Vehniäinen
- Molecular Biotechnology and Diagnostics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Harri T Kankaanpää
- Marine Research Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, Hakuninmaantie 6, FI-00430 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Urpo Lamminmäki
- Molecular Biotechnology and Diagnostics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
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Rantamäki S, Meriluoto J, Spoof L, Puputti EM, Tyystjärvi T, Tyystjärvi E. Oxygen produced by cyanobacteria in simulated Archaean conditions partly oxidizes ferrous iron but mostly escapes-conclusions about early evolution. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2016; 130:103-111. [PMID: 26895438 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0231-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The Earth has had a permanently oxic atmosphere only since the great oxygenation event (GOE) 2.3-2.4 billion years ago but recent geochemical research has revealed short periods of oxygen in the atmosphere up to a billion years earlier before the permanent oxygenation. If these "whiffs" of oxygen truly occurred, then oxygen-evolving (proto)cyanobacteria must have existed throughout the Archaean aeon. Trapping of oxygen by ferrous iron and other reduced substances present in Archaean oceans has often been suggested to explain why the oxygen content of the atmosphere remained negligible before the GOE although cyanobacteria produced oxygen. We tested this hypothesis by growing cyanobacteria in anaerobic high-CO2 atmosphere in a medium with a high concentration of ferrous iron. Microcystins are known to chelate iron, which prompted us also to test the effects of microcystins and nodularins on iron tolerance. The results show that all tested cyanobacteria, especially nitrogen-fixing species grown in the absence of nitrate, and irrespective of the ability to produce cyanotoxins, were iron sensitive in aerobic conditions but tolerated high concentrations of iron in anaerobicity. This result suggests that current cyanobacteria would have tolerated the high-iron content of Archaean oceans. However, only 1 % of the oxygen produced by the cyanobacterial culture was trapped by iron, suggesting that large-scale cyanobacterial photosynthesis would have oxygenated the atmosphere even if cyanobacteria grew in a reducing ocean. Recent genomic analysis suggesting that ability to colonize seawater is a secondary trait in cyanobacteria may offer a partial explanation for the sustained inefficiency of cyanobacterial photosynthesis during the Archaean aeon, as fresh water has always covered a very small fraction of the Earth's surface. If oxygenic photosynthesis originated in fresh water, then the GOE marks the adaptation of cyanobacteria to seawater, and the late-Proterozoic increase in oxygen concentration of the atmosphere is caused by full oxidation of the oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Rantamäki
- Department of Biochemistry/Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Jussi Meriluoto
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6 A, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Lisa Spoof
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6 A, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Eeva-Maija Puputti
- Department of Biochemistry/Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Taina Tyystjärvi
- Department of Biochemistry/Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Esa Tyystjärvi
- Department of Biochemistry/Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland.
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Rajamani K, Renju VC, Sethupathy S, Thirugnanasambandan SS. Ameliorative effect of polyphenols from Padina boergesenii against ferric nitrilotriacetate induced renal oxidative damage: With inhibition of oxidative hemolysis and in vitro free radicals. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2015; 30:865-76. [PMID: 24458998 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Revised: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activities of diethyl ether (DEE) and methanol (M) extracts from brown alga Padina boergesenii using in vitro and in vivo antioxidant assay, which may help to relate the antioxidant properties with the possible outline of its ameliorative effect. M extract showed higher radical scavenging activity through ferric reducing antioxidant power 139.11 µmol tannic acid equivalent/g; DPPH 71.32 ± 0.56%; deoxyribose radical 88.31 ± 0.47%, and total antioxidant activity 0.47 ± 0.02 mg ascorbic acid equivalents/g. Oxidative red blood cell (RBC) hemolysis inhibition rate was significantly higher in M extract (150 mg/kg body weight) in reference to total phenolic content (r = 0.935). Rats administered with DEE and M extracts (150 mg/kg body weight) for seven days before the administration of ferric nitrilotriacetate (9 mg of Fe/mg/kg bodyweight). Rats pretreated with extracts significantly changed the level of renal microsomal lipid peroxidation, glutathione, and antioxidant enzymes in post-mitochondrial supernatant (P < 0.05). Ameliorative effect of extracts against renal oxidative damage was evident in rat kidney through changes in necrotic and epithelial cells. HPTLC technique has identified the presence of rutin with reference to retardation factor (Rf ) in both the extracts. These findings support the source of polyphenols (rutin) from P. boergesenii had potent antioxidant activity; further work on isolation of bioactive compounds can be channeled to develop as a natural antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan Rajamani
- Department of Marine Sciences, Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, 608 502, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UBC James Hogg Research Centre, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver-V6Z 1Y6, British Columbia, Canada
| | - V C Renju
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Rajah Muthiah Medical College, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Sethupathy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Rajah Muthiah Medical College, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Somasundaram S Thirugnanasambandan
- Department of Marine Sciences, Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, 608 502, Tamil Nadu, India
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Turja R, Guimarães L, Nevala A, Kankaanpää H, Korpinen S, Lehtonen KK. Cumulative effects of exposure to cyanobacteria bloom extracts and benzo[a]pyrene on antioxidant defence biomarkers in Gammarus oceanicus (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Toxicon 2014; 78:68-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Zhang H, Shao D, Wu Y, Dai B, Cai C, Fang W, Ye B, Zhang Y, liu J, Jia X. Regulation of nodularin-induced apoptosis by epigallocatechin-3-gallate on fish lymphocytes in vitro. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 34:1085-1093. [PMID: 23403155 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Nodularin is one of the most conspicuous and widespread pollutants that elicit water ecological hazards to fish, causing serious damage on the immune system and physiological functions. Nodularin can cause oxidative stress-induced apoptosis on fish lymphocytes. The regulatory effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) at 10, 100, and 1000 μg/L levels on the antioxidant defense system and apoptosis of Carassius auratus lymphocytes exposed to a high dose of nodularin (100 μg/L) were quantified in vitro. EGCG reduced nodularin-induced oxidative damage on fish immune cells. This compound significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase and the level of glutathione but decreased the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde. Flow cytometry results showed that the percentages of apoptotic cells after treatment with 10, 100, and 1000 μg/L EGCG for 12 h reached 27.9%, 19.1%, and 13.7%, respectively. By contrast, the nodularin alone-induced group showed a high percentage of apoptosis (44.2%). Western blot analysis showed the increased expression of bcl-2 and the decreased expression of bax and caspase-3 in EGCG-treated fish lymphocytes. EGCG also inhibited the potential collapse of the mitochondrial membrane. Overall, EGCG can inhibit nodularin-induced apoptosis and protect the normal immunity of fish by regulating bax/bcl-2 and blocking the downstream of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway with increased intracellular antioxidant enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangjun Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Xuelin Road 16#, Xiasha Gaojiao Dongqu, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310036, China.
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Liu Y, Guan Y, Gao B, Yue Q. Antioxidant responses and degradation of two antibiotic contaminants in Microcystis aeruginosa. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 86:23-30. [PMID: 23017252 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 09/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria may interact with antibiotic contaminants in aquatic environments, but the interaction effects and mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, aqueous culture of Microcystis aeruginosa was exposed to 50ng/l-1μg/l of spiramycin and amoxicillin for seven days. The influences of antibiotics on the antioxidant system of M. aeruginosa and the degradation of antibiotics by M. aeruginosa were investigated. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in spiramycin-treated M. aeruginosa were stimulated by up to 2.2 folds, while the activities of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) were inhibited by spiramycin at test concentrations of 500ng/l-1μg/l, with a decrease of up to 71% and 76% compared to the control, respectively. The activities of SOD, POD and CAT in M. aeruginosa were stimulated by amoxicillin during the whole exposure period, with respective increases of up to 60%, 30% and 120% relative to the control. At test concentrations of 500ng/l-1μg/l, the higher MDA contents in spiramycin-treated M. aeruginosa indicated a higher toxicity of spiramycin than amoxicillin, possibly due to the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide caused by the inhibited activities of POD and CAT under exposure to spiramycin. The increase of glutathione content, the stimulation of glutathione S-transferase activity and the degradation of each antibiotic were observed in M. aeruginosa during the 7-day exposure. At the end of exposure, 12.5%-32.9% of spiramycin and 30.5%-33.6% of amoxicillin could be degraded by M. aeruginosa from the culture medium, indicating the ability of M. aeruginosa to eliminate coexisting contaminants via detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
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Spoljaric D, Cipak A, Horvatic J, Andrisic L, Waeg G, Zarkovic N, Jaganjac M. Endogenous 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal in microalga Chlorella kessleri acts as a bioactive indicator of pollution with common herbicides and growth regulating factor of hormesis. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2011; 105:552-558. [PMID: 21937009 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 08/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, i.e. excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leads to lipid peroxidation and to formation of reactive aldehydes (e.g. 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal; HNE), which act as second messengers of free radicals. It was previously shown that herbicides can induce ROS production in algal cells. In the current paper, the unicellular green microalga Chlorella kessleri was used to study the effect of two herbicides (S-metolachlor and terbuthylazine) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) on oxidative stress induction, HNE formation, chlorophyll content and the cell growth. Production of HNE was detected in this study for the first time in the cells of unicellular green algae using the antibody specific for the HNE-histidine adducts revealing the HNE-histidine adducts even in untreated, control C. kessleri. Exposure of algal cells to herbicides and H(2)O(2) increased the ROS production, modifying production of HNE. Namely, 4h upon treatment the levels of HNE-histidine conjugates were below controls. However, their amount increased afterwards. The increase of HNE levels in algae was followed by their increased growth rate, as was previously described for human carcinoma cells. Hence, changes in the cellular HNE content upon herbicide treatment inducing lipid oxidative stress and alterations in cellular growth rate of C. kessleri resemble adaptation of malignant cells to the HNE treatment. Therefore, as an addition to the standard toxicity tests, the evaluation of HNE-protein adducts in C. kessleri might indicate environmental pollution with lipid peroxidation-inducing herbicides. Finally, C. kessleri might be a convenient experimental model to further study cellular hormetic adaptation to oxidative stress-derived aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dubravka Spoljaric
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.
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Lehtimäki N, Shunmugam S, Jokela J, Wahlsten M, Carmel D, Keränen M, Sivonen K, Aro EM, Allahverdiyeva Y, Mulo P. Nodularin uptake and induction of oxidative stress in spinach (Spinachia oleracea). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 168:594-600. [PMID: 21093957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2010.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Revised: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The bloom-forming cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena produces toxic compounds, including nodularin, which is known to have adverse effects on various organisms. We monitored the primary effects of nodularin exposure on physiological parameters in Spinachia oleracea. We present the first evidence for the uptake of nodularin by a terrestrial plant, and show that the exposure of spinach to cyanobacterial crude water extract from nodularin-producing strain AV1 results in inhibition of growth and bleaching of the leaves. Despite drastic effects on phenotype and survival, nodularin did not disturb the photosynthetic performance of plants or the structure of the photosynthetic machinery in the chloroplast thylakoid membrane. Nevertheless, the nodularin-exposed plants suffered from oxidative stress, as evidenced by a high level of oxidative modifications targeted to various proteins, altered levels of enzymes involved in scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and increased levels of α-tocopherol, which is an important antioxidant. Moreover, the high level of cytochrome oxidase (COX II), a typical marker for mitochondrial respiratory protein complexes, suggests that the respiratory capacity is increased in the leaves of nodularin-exposed plants. Actively respiring plant mitochondria, in turn, may produce ROS at high rates. Although the accumulation of ROS and induction of the ROS scavenging network enable the survival of the plant upon toxin exposure, the upregulation of the enzymatic defense system is likely to increase energetic costs, reducing growth and the ultimate fitness of the plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Lehtimäki
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, FIN 20014 Turku, Finland
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Wahl M, Jormalainen V, Eriksson BK, Coyer JA, Molis M, Schubert H, Dethier M, Karez R, Kruse I, Lenz M, Pearson G, Rohde S, Wikström SA, Olsen JL. Stress ecology in fucus: abiotic, biotic and genetic interactions. ADVANCES IN MARINE BIOLOGY 2011; 59:37-105. [PMID: 21724018 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385536-7.00002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Stress regimes defined as the synchronous or sequential action of abiotic and biotic stresses determine the performance and distribution of species. The natural patterns of stress to which species are more or less well adapted have recently started to shift and alter under the influence of global change. This was the motivation to review our knowledge on the stress ecology of a benthic key player, the macroalgal genus Fucus. We first provide a comprehensive review of the genus as an ecological model including what is currently known about the major lineages of Fucus species with respect to hybridization, ecotypic differentiation and speciation; as well as life history, population structure and geographic distribution. We then review our current understanding of both extrinsic (abiotic/biotic) and intrinsic (genetic) stress(es) on Fucus species and how they interact with each other. It is concluded that (i) interactive stress effects appear to be equally distributed over additive, antagonistic and synergistic categories at the level of single experiments, but are predominantly additive when averaged over all studies in a meta-analysis of 41 experiments; (ii) juvenile and adult responses to stress frequently differ and (iii) several species or particular populations of Fucus may be relatively unaffected by climate change as a consequence of pre-adapted ecotypes that collectively express wide physiological tolerences. Future research on Fucus should (i) include additional species, (ii) include marginal populations as models for responses to environmental stress; (iii) assess a wider range of stress combinations, including their temporal fluctuations; (iv) better differentiate between stress sensitivity of juvenile versus adult stages; (v) include a functional genomic component in order to better integrate Fucus' ecological and evolutionary responses to stress regimes and (vi) utilize a multivariate modelling approach in order to develop and understand interaction networks.
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El Ghazali I, Saqrane S, Carvalho AP, Ouahid Y, Del Campo FF, Oudra B, Vasconcelos V. Effect of different microcystin profiles on toxin bioaccumulation in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) larvae via Artemia nauplii. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2010; 73:762-770. [PMID: 20045191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2009] [Revised: 12/06/2009] [Accepted: 12/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a 12-day growth trial was conducted to compare the effect of the variation in microcystin (MC) composition in two Microcystis aeruginosa bloom samples on the growth performance and MC accumulation/transfer in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) larvae. Fish were fed Artemia salina nauplii that had been preexposed to extracts from two M. aeruginosa natural blooms with different microcystins (MCs) profiles. Bloom A had MC-LR as major toxin (74.05%) while bloom B had a diversity of MC (MC-RR; MC-(H4)YR; MC-YR; MC-LR; MC-FR; MC-WR) with no dominance of MC-LR. Newly-hatched Artemia nauplii were exposed separately to the two M. aeruginosa extracts A and B (100 microg L(-1)EqMC-LR) for 2h. The MC concentration in the nauplii was 73.60+/-7.88ngEqMC-LRg(-1)FW (n=4, mean+/-SE) for bloom A and 87.04+/-10.31ngEqMC-LRg(-1)FW for bloom B. These contaminated nauplii were given at the same ration to different groups (A and B) of fish larvae. Larval weight and length from day 9 were significantly different between groups A and B, and in both cases lower than that of a control group fed non-exposed nauplii. MCs accumulation by larvae, inversely correlated with the growth performance, was also significantly different between groups A and B (37.43+/-2.61 and 54.55+/-3.01ngEqMC-LRg(-1) FW, respectively, at the end of the experimental period). These results indicate that MC profile of a bloom may have differential effects on toxin accumulation/transfer and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issam El Ghazali
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Biology and Biotechnology of Microorganisms, Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology Unit, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia Marrakech, University Cadi Ayyad, PO Box 2390, Marrakech 40000, Morocco
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Labine M, Minuk G. Cyanobacterial toxins and liver diseaseThis article is one of a selection of papers published in a special issue celebrating the 125th anniversary of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Manitoba. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2009; 87:773-88. [DOI: 10.1139/y09-081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Blue-green algae, also known as cyanobacteria, produce a variety of toxins, some of which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of severe and potentially life-threatening diseases in humans. As the growth of cyanobacteria within freshwater lakes increases worldwide, it is important to review our present understanding of their toxicity and potential carcinogenicity to gain insight into how these organisms impact human health. This review addresses each of these topics, with special emphasis given to cyanobacterial hepatotoxins within freshwater environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.A. Labine
- Section of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - G.Y. Minuk
- Section of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
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Kankaanpää H, Leiniö S, Olin M, Sjövall O, Meriluoto J, Lehtonen KK. Accumulation and depuration of cyanobacterial toxin nodularin and biomarker responses in the mussel Mytilus edulis. CHEMOSPHERE 2007; 68:1210-7. [PMID: 17363031 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2006] [Revised: 01/26/2007] [Accepted: 01/29/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) were exposed to an extract made of natural cyanobacterial mixture containing toxic cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena (70-110 microg nodularin l(-1), 24-h exposure followed by 144-h depuration period in clean water). Toxin concentration increased from initial 400 to 1100 mg kg(-1) after 24-h exposure, measured by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE), a biomarker of direct neurotoxic effects, showed inhibition after 12 and 24h exposure but returned to control level during the depuration period. Catalase (CAT) activity, an indicator of oxidative stress, showed significantly elevated levels in exposed mussels but only 72 h after the end of the exposure. No change in the activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) involved in conjugation reactions could be observed. A gradual yet incomplete elimination of nodularin (from 1100 to 600 mg kg(-1)) was observed during the depuration period, and the tissue levels were 30% lower in clean water after 24 h. The observed increase in oxidative stress indicated by elevated CAT activity is likely connected to detoxification reactions leading to the production of reactive oxygen species, including an apparent time lag in this specific enzymatic defence response. That no change in GST activity was observed suggests that this enzyme is not significantly involved in the detoxification process of nodularin-containing cyanobacterial extract in M. edulis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harri Kankaanpää
- Finnish Institute of Marine Research, Erik Palménin aukio 1, FI-00561 Helsinki, Finland.
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