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Shang J, Zhao M, Yan S. Comprehensive analysis of cyanobacterial secondary metabolites distribution and toxicity in urban water bodies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 932:173023. [PMID: 38719060 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
This study addresses the increasing concern regarding cyanotoxin contamination of water bodies, highlighting the diversity of these toxins and their potential health implications. Cyanobacteria, which are prevalent in aquatic environments, produce toxic metabolites, raising concerns regarding human exposure and associated health risks, including a potential increase in cancer risk. Although existing research has primarily focused on well-known cyanotoxins, recent technological advancements have revealed numerous unknown cyanotoxins, necessitating a comprehensive assessment of multiple toxin categories. To enhance the cyanotoxin databases, we optimized the CyanoMetDB cyanobacterial secondary metabolites database by incorporating secondary fragmentation patterns using the Mass Frontier fragmentation data prediction software. Water samples from diverse locations in Shanghai were analyzed using high-resolution mass spectrometry. Subsequently, the toxicity of cyanobacterial metabolites in the water samples was examined through acute toxicity assays using the crustacean Thamnocephalus platyurus. After 24 h of exposure, the semi-lethal concentrations (LC50) of the water samples ranged from 0.31 mg L-1 to 1.78 mg L-1 (MC-LR equivalent concentration). Our findings revealed a critical correlation between the overall concentration of cyanobacterial metabolites and toxicity. The robust framework and insights of this study underscore the need for an inclusive approach to water quality management, emphasizing continuous efforts to refine detection methods and comprehend the broader ecological impact of cyanobacterial blooms on aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Shang
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Mengzhe Zhao
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Shuwen Yan
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China.
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2
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Lu Z, Qin G, Gan S, Liu H, Macreadie PI, Cheah W, Wang F. Blue carbon sink capacity of mangroves determined by leaves and their associated microbiome. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17007. [PMID: 37916453 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Mangroves play a globally significant role in carbon capture and storage, known as blue carbon ecosystems. Yet, there are fundamental biogeochemical processes of mangrove blue carbon formation that are inadequately understood, such as the mechanisms by which mangrove afforestation regulates the microbial-driven transfer of carbon from leaf to below-ground blue carbon pool. In this study, we addressed this knowledge gap by investigating: (1) the mangrove leaf characteristics using state-of-the-art FT-ICR-MS; (2) the microbial biomass and their transformation patterns of assimilated plant-carbon; and (3) the degradation potentials of plant-derived carbon in soils of an introduced (Sonneratia apetala) and a native mangrove (Kandelia obovata). We found that biogeochemical cycling took entirely different pathways for S. apetala and K. obovata. Blue carbon accumulation and the proportion of plant-carbon for native mangroves were high, with microbes (dominated by K-strategists) allocating the assimilated-carbon to starch and sucrose metabolism. Conversely, microbes with S. apetala adopted an r-strategy and increased protein- and nucleotide-biosynthetic potentials. These divergent biogeochemical pathways were related to leaf characteristics, with S. apetala leaves characterized by lower molecular-weight, C:N ratio, and lignin content than K. obovata. Moreover, anaerobic-degradation potentials for lignin were high in old-aged soils, but the overall degradation potentials of plant carbon were age-independent, explaining that S. apetala age had no significant influences on the contribution of plant-carbon to blue carbon. We propose that for introduced mangroves, newly fallen leaves release nutrient-rich organic matter that favors growth of r-strategists, which rapidly consume carbon to fuel growth, increasing the proportion of microbial-carbon to blue carbon. In contrast, lignin-rich native mangrove leaves shape K-strategist-dominated microbial communities, which grow slowly and store assimilated-carbon in cells, ultimately promoting the contribution of plant-carbon to the remarkable accumulation of blue carbon. Our study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of microbial community responses during reforestation in mangrove ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Lu
- Xiaoliang Research Station of Tropical Coastal Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, the CAS Engineering Laboratory for Ecological Restoration of Island and Coastal Ecosystems, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Guoming Qin
- Xiaoliang Research Station of Tropical Coastal Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, the CAS Engineering Laboratory for Ecological Restoration of Island and Coastal Ecosystems, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Shuchai Gan
- Xiaoliang Research Station of Tropical Coastal Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, the CAS Engineering Laboratory for Ecological Restoration of Island and Coastal Ecosystems, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Department of Ocean Sciences and Division of Life Sciences, School of Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Peter I Macreadie
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood Campus, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wee Cheah
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Faming Wang
- Xiaoliang Research Station of Tropical Coastal Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, the CAS Engineering Laboratory for Ecological Restoration of Island and Coastal Ecosystems, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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3
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Benredjem L, Morais J, Hentschke GS, Abdi A, Berredjem H, Vasconcelos V. First Polyphasic Study of Cheffia Reservoir (Algeria) Cyanobacteria Isolates Reveals Toxic Picocyanobacteria Genotype. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2664. [PMID: 38004676 PMCID: PMC10673316 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Monitoring water supply requires, among other quality indicators, the identification of the cyanobacteria community and taking into account their potential impact in terms of water quality. In this work, cyanobacteria strains were isolated from the Cheffia Reservoir and identified based on morphological features, the 16S rRNA gene, phylogenetic analysis, and toxin production by polymerase chain reaction PCR screening of the genes involved in the biosynthesis of cyanotoxins (mcyA, mcyE, sxtA, sxtG, sxtI, cyrJ, and anaC). Thirteen strains representing six different genera: Aphanothece, Microcystis, Geitlerinema, Lyngbya, Microcoleus, and Pseudanabaena were obtained. The results demonstrated the importance of morphological features in determining the genus or the species when incongruence between the morphological and phylogenetic analysis occurs and only the utility of the 16S rRNA gene in determining higher taxonomic levels. The phylogenetic analysis confirmed the polyphyly of cyanobacteria for the Microcystis and Oscillatoriales genera. Unexpectedly, Aphanothece sp. CR 11 had the genetic potential to produce microcystins. Our study gives new insight into species with picoplanktonic (or small) cell size and potentially toxic genotypes in this ecosystem. Thus, conventional water treatment methods in this ecosystem have to be adapted, indicating the requirement for pre-treatment methods that can effectively eliminate picocyanobacteria while preserving cell integrity to prevent toxin release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamia Benredjem
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Abbes Laghrour University of Khenchela, BP 1252 Road of Batna, Khenchela 40004, Algeria;
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar University, BP 12, Annaba 23000, Algeria; (A.A.); (H.B.)
| | - João Morais
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (J.M.); (G.S.H.)
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Guilherme Scotta Hentschke
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (J.M.); (G.S.H.)
| | - Akila Abdi
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar University, BP 12, Annaba 23000, Algeria; (A.A.); (H.B.)
| | - Hajira Berredjem
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar University, BP 12, Annaba 23000, Algeria; (A.A.); (H.B.)
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (J.M.); (G.S.H.)
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Falfushynska H, Kasianchuk N, Siemens E, Henao E, Rzymski P. A Review of Common Cyanotoxins and Their Effects on Fish. TOXICS 2023; 11:toxics11020118. [PMID: 36850993 PMCID: PMC9961407 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Global warming and human-induced eutrophication drive the occurrence of various cyanotoxins in aquatic environments. These metabolites reveal diversified mechanisms of action, encompassing cyto-, neuro-, hepato-, nephro-, and neurotoxicity, and pose a threat to aquatic biota and human health. In the present paper, we review data on the occurrence of the most studied cyanotoxins, microcystins, nodularins, cylindrospermopsin, anatoxins, and saxitoxins, in the aquatic environment, as well as their potential bioaccumulation and toxicity in fish. Microcystins are the most studied among all known cyanotoxins, although other toxic cyanobacterial metabolites are also commonly identified in aquatic environments and can reveal high toxicity in fish. Except for primary toxicity signs, cyanotoxins adversely affect the antioxidant system and anti-/pro-oxidant balance. Cyanotoxins also negatively impact the mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum by increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, fish exposed to microcystins and cylindrospermopsin exhibit various immunomodulatory, inflammatory, and endocrine responses. Even though cyanotoxins exert a complex pressure on fish, numerous aspects are yet to be the subject of in-depth investigation. Metabolites other than microcystins should be studied more thoroughly to understand the long-term effects in fish and provide a robust background for monitoring and management actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Falfushynska
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Faculty of Electrical, Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Anhalt University for Applied Sciences, 06366 Köthen, Germany
| | - Nadiia Kasianchuk
- Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61712 Poznan, Poland
| | - Eduard Siemens
- Faculty of Electrical, Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Anhalt University for Applied Sciences, 06366 Köthen, Germany
| | - Eliana Henao
- Research Group Integrated Management of Ecosystems and Biodiversity XIUÂ, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja 150003, Colombia
| | - Piotr Rzymski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61701 Poznan, Poland
- Integrated Science Association (ISA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), 61701 Poznań, Poland
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Moreira C, Gomes C, Vasconcelos V, Antunes A. Risk assessment of cyanobacteria toxic metabolites on freshwater ecosystems applying molecular methods. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:219-227. [PMID: 35902522 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21814-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria, ancient prokaryotes, interfere with ecosystem water quality through the production of cyanotoxins and bloom formation. Therefore, for water safety and public health reasons, the application of faster, sensitive, and specific tools on its risk assessment is demanded. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) coupled with DNA sequencing can be a helpful tool for the presence and potential to cyanotoxicity. To achieve these, seven waterbodies located on the North and Center regions of Portugal were sampled for two monitoring periods (2017 and 2018). Thus, given the five risk levels proposed (none up to four cyanotoxins - mcyA, cyrC, anaC, sxtI - being detected per risk level), results showed that the great majority of the ecosystems analyzed on the presence of blooms and under climate change phenomenon (heat waves) had an elevated risk (up to four cyanotoxins being detected) corresponding to a situation of high potential of cyanotoxicity. In the opposite conditions (i.e., absence of blooms and heat waves), the risk was lowered to none or only one cyanotoxin being detected. Two ecosystems escaped this trend and demonstrated little to no alterations among risk levels from 1 year to another corresponding to a high potential of cyanotoxicity and cyanotoxins persistence in comparison to other studied ecosystems. Overall, the risk assessment undertaken suggests that other ecosystems ecological variables (physical, hydrological, or chemical) are interfering on the occurrence and persistence of cyanotoxins biosynthesis genes. Given the observed conditions (eutrophic status, bloom occurrence, and heat waves) of the analyzed ecosystems, cyanobacterial potential for toxicity seems to have increased, suggesting a need of the incorporation of other cyanotoxins apart of the regulated microcystins-LR on cyanotoxins surveillance programs of Portugal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Moreira
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cidália Gomes
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Agostinho Antunes
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208, Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
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Savadova-Ratkus K, Mazur-Marzec H, Karosienė J, Sivonen K, Suurnäkki S, Kasperovičienė J, Paškauskas R, Koreivienė J. Cyanobacteria and Their Metabolites in Mono- and Polidominant Shallow Eutrophic Temperate Lakes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15341. [PMID: 36430059 PMCID: PMC9690872 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Monodominant (one species dominates) or polidominant (multiple species dominate) cyanobacterial blooms are pronounced in productive freshwater ecosystems and pose a potential threat to the biota due to the synthesis of toxins. Seasonal changes in cyanobacteria species and cyanometabolites composition were studied in two shallow temperate eutrophic lakes. Data on cyanobacteria biomass and diversity of dominant species in the lakes were combined with chemical and molecular analyses of fifteen potentially toxin-producing cyanobacteria species (248 isolates from the lakes). Anatoxin-a, saxitoxin, microcystins and other non-ribosomal peptides formed the diverse profiles in monodominant (Planktothrix agardhii) and polidominant (Aphanizomenon gracile, Limnothrix spp. and Planktolyngbya limnetica) lakes. However, the harmfulness of the blooms depended on the ability of the dominant species to synthesize cyanometabolites. It was confirmed that P. agardhii produced a greater amount and diverse range of MCs and other NRPs. In the polidominant lake, isolates of the co-dominant A. gracile, L. planctonica and P. limnetica synthesized no or only small amounts of cyanometabolites. In general, the profile of cyanometabolites was greater in cyanobacteria isolates than in environmental samples, indicating a high potential for toxic cyanobacteria bloom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenija Savadova-Ratkus
- Laboratory of Algology and Microbial Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos Str. 2, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Hanna Mazur-Marzec
- Division of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, M. J. Piłsudskiego 46, PL-81378 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Jūratė Karosienė
- Laboratory of Algology and Microbial Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos Str. 2, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kaarina Sivonen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, Biocenter 1, P.O. Box 56, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suvi Suurnäkki
- Nanoscience Center, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FIN-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jūratė Kasperovičienė
- Laboratory of Algology and Microbial Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos Str. 2, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ričardas Paškauskas
- Laboratory of Algology and Microbial Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos Str. 2, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Judita Koreivienė
- Laboratory of Algology and Microbial Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos Str. 2, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
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Microbial Natural Products with Antiviral Activities, Including Anti-SARS-CoV-2: A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134305. [PMID: 35807550 PMCID: PMC9268554 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus, which caused the COVID-19 infection, was discovered two and a half years ago. It caused a global pandemic, resulting in millions of deaths and substantial damage to the worldwide economy. Currently, only a few vaccines and antiviral drugs are available to combat SARS-CoV-2. However, there has been an increase in virus-related research, including exploring new drugs and their repurposing. Since discovering penicillin, natural products, particularly those derived from microbes, have been viewed as an abundant source of lead compounds for drug discovery. These compounds treat bacterial, fungal, parasitic, and viral infections. This review incorporates evidence from the available research publications on isolated and identified natural products derived from microbes with anti-hepatitis, anti-herpes simplex, anti-HIV, anti-influenza, anti-respiratory syncytial virus, and anti-SARS-CoV-2 properties. About 131 compounds with in vitro antiviral activity and 1 compound with both in vitro and in vivo activity have been isolated from microorganisms, and the mechanism of action for some of these compounds has been described. Recent reports have shown that natural products produced by the microbes, such as aurasperone A, neochinulin A and B, and aspulvinone D, M, and R, have potent in vitro anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity, targeting the main protease (Mpro). In the near and distant future, these molecules could be used to develop antiviral drugs for treating infections and preventing the spread of disease.
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Dos Santos Machado L, Dörr F, Dörr FA, Frascareli D, Melo DS, Gontijo ESJ, Friese K, Pinto E, Rosa AH, Pompêo MM, Moschini-Carlos V. Permanent occurrence of Raphidiopsis raciborskii and cyanotoxins in a subtropical reservoir polluted by domestic effluents (Itupararanga reservoir, São Paulo, Brazil). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:18653-18664. [PMID: 34697712 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16994-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Toxic cyanobacteria blooms are a frequent problem in subtropical reservoirs and freshwater systems. The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence of potentially toxic cyanobacteria and the environmental conditions associated with the presence of cyanotoxins in a Brazilian subtropical reservoir. Five collections were carried out at seven sampling locations in the reservoir, during the rainy and dry seasons, between the years 2016 and 2017. There was permanent occurrence of Raphidiopsis raciborskii (Woloszynska) Aguilera, Berrendero Gómez, Kastovsky, Echenique & Salerno (Phycologia 57(2):130-146, 2018), ranging between dominant and abundant, with an average biomass of 38.8 ± 29.9 mg L-1. Also abundant were Dolichospermum solitarium, D. planctonicum, Planktothrix isothrix, and Aphanizomenon gracile. Saxitoxin (STX) was detected in all the collected samples (0.11 ± 0.05 µg L-1). Microcystin (MC) was also detected, but at lower concentrations (0.01 ± 0.0 µg L-1). Low availability of NO3- and phosphorus limitation had significant effects on the R. raciborskii biomass and the levels of STX and MC. It was observed that R. raciborskii was sensitive to thermal stratification, at the same time that STX levels were higher. This suggested that STX was produced under conditions that restricted the growth of R. raciborskii. These are important findings, because they add information about the permanent occurrence of STX and R. raciborskii in an aquatic ecosystem limited by phosphorus, vulnerable to climatic variations, and polluted by domestic effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabiane Dörr
- Laboratory of Toxin and Algae Natural Products, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe Augusto Dörr
- Laboratory of Toxin and Algae Natural Products, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniele Frascareli
- ICT, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Sorocaba Campus, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Darllene S Melo
- ICT, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Sorocaba Campus, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Erik S J Gontijo
- ICT, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Sorocaba Campus, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Kurt Friese
- Lake Research Department, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Brueckstr 3a, 39114, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ernani Pinto
- Laboratory of Toxin and Algae Natural Products, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Henrique Rosa
- ICT, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Sorocaba Campus, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Marcelo M Pompêo
- Department of Ecology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Moreira C, Pimentel A, Vasconcelos V, Antunes A. Preliminary evidence on the presence of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins from culture enrichments followed by PCR analysis: new perspectives from Africa (Mali) and South Pacific (Fiji) countries. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:31731-31745. [PMID: 33608790 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12662-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are a group of microorganisms that can be found in a diverse range of biogeographical areas and produce potent and damaging cyanotoxins, which reveal importance for continuous studies and surveillance efforts. In this study, we analyzed worldwide two-month culture-enriched water samples collected from 12 distinct countries (Costa Rica, Cuba, Fiji, France, Indonesia, Mali, Portugal, South Africa, Spain, Thailand, USA, Vietnam) including two undisclosed areas (Fiji and Mali). We performed a PCR-based molecular multi-step scheme that consisted in the detection of the main cyanobacterial species, genera, and cyanotoxins biosynthesis genes. Results from this study indicate that Microcystis aeruginosa followed by Planktothrix agardhii were the most prevalent species of all the 12 countries analyzed. Cylindrospermospis raciborskii was detected in Costa Rica, while P. agardhii was detected in Fiji and South Africa. M. aeruginosa was detected in Fiji and Mali. Regarding the main cyanotoxins biosynthesis genes, a cyrC gene fragment (cylindrospermopsins) was amplified in the African continent (South Africa), while anaC (anatoxin-a) was detected in two distinct locations, Mali and Vietnam. Saxitoxins biosynthesis gene was also detected in Fiji and Vietnam. Microcystins biosynthesis gene (mcyA) was co-detected with anatoxin-a biosynthesis gene in Mali and with saxitoxins biosynthesis gene (sxtI) in Portugal. This study therefore constitutes a major contribution to the global biogeography of cyanobacteria and its cyanotoxins and recommends continuous vigilance of toxic cyanobacteria particularly in the more undisclosed areas of the world. The PCR analysis data obtained in our 2-month culture-enriched water samples supports molecular methods as a preliminary tool in the environmental surveillance of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in undisclosed locations, particularly since the several positive amplifications detected may indicate that though samples were collected under non-bloom conditions, if environmental conditions change in the ecosystem, there is a risk that bloom-forming species may arose along with their detected cyanotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Moreira
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Pimentel
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Agostinho Antunes
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208, Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
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Jones MR, Pinto E, Torres MA, Dörr F, Mazur-Marzec H, Szubert K, Tartaglione L, Dell'Aversano C, Miles CO, Beach DG, McCarron P, Sivonen K, Fewer DP, Jokela J, Janssen EML. CyanoMetDB, a comprehensive public database of secondary metabolites from cyanobacteria. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 196:117017. [PMID: 33765498 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Harmful cyanobacterial blooms, which frequently contain toxic secondary metabolites, are reported in aquatic environments around the world. More than two thousand cyanobacterial secondary metabolites have been reported from diverse sources over the past fifty years. A comprehensive, publically-accessible database detailing these secondary metabolites would facilitate research into their occurrence, functions and toxicological risks. To address this need we created CyanoMetDB, a highly curated, flat-file, openly-accessible database of cyanobacterial secondary metabolites collated from 850 peer-reviewed articles published between 1967 and 2020. CyanoMetDB contains 2010 cyanobacterial metabolites and 99 structurally related compounds. This has nearly doubled the number of entries with complete literature metadata and structural composition information compared to previously available open access databases. The dataset includes microcytsins, cyanopeptolins, other depsipeptides, anabaenopeptins, microginins, aeruginosins, cyclamides, cryptophycins, saxitoxins, spumigins, microviridins, and anatoxins among other metabolite classes. A comprehensive database dedicated to cyanobacterial secondary metabolites facilitates: (1) the detection and dereplication of known cyanobacterial toxins and secondary metabolites; (2) the identification of novel natural products from cyanobacteria; (3) research on biosynthesis of cyanobacterial secondary metabolites, including substructure searches; and (4) the investigation of their abundance, persistence, and toxicity in natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin R Jones
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Ernani Pinto
- Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, CEP 13418-260 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana A Torres
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, CEP 05508-900, São Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiane Dörr
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, CEP 05508-900, São Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - Hanna Mazur-Marzec
- Division of Marine Biotechnology, University of Gdansk, Al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Karolina Szubert
- Division of Marine Biotechnology, University of Gdansk, Al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Luciana Tartaglione
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Carmela Dell'Aversano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Christopher O Miles
- Biotoxin Metrology, National Research Council Canada, 1411 Oxford Street, Nova Scotia, Halifax B3H 3Z1, Canada
| | - Daniel G Beach
- Biotoxin Metrology, National Research Council Canada, 1411 Oxford Street, Nova Scotia, Halifax B3H 3Z1, Canada
| | - Pearse McCarron
- Biotoxin Metrology, National Research Council Canada, 1411 Oxford Street, Nova Scotia, Halifax B3H 3Z1, Canada
| | - Kaarina Sivonen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - David P Fewer
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jouni Jokela
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elisabeth M-L Janssen
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland.
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11
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Vega L, Jaimes J, Morales D, Martínez D, Cruz-Saavedra L, Muñoz M, Ramírez JD. Microbial Communities' Characterization in Urban Recreational Surface Waters Using Next Generation Sequencing. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2021; 81:847-863. [PMID: 33392628 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01649-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microbial communities in surface waters used for recreational purposes are indicators of contamination and risk of contact with human pathogens. Hence, monitoring microbial communities in recreational waters is important for potential public health threats to humans. Such monitoring is rare in Colombia, even in its capital, Bogotá, the most populous city in the country. This city encompasses metropolitan and linear parks with recreational water bodies that are used frequently by the public, and the presence of pathogens can compromise the health of the citizens. Therefore, we examined the bacterial, and eukaryotic communities in urban recreational lakes (URL) in four metropolitan parks in Bogotá, Colombia. Samples from four metropolitan parks (Los Novios, Simon Bolivar, El Tunal, and Timiza) and one stream contaminated with sewage from a linear park (El Virrey) were collected. We used amplicon next-generation sequencing of the 16S-rRNA gene and 18S-rRNA gene to characterize microbial communities followed by bioinformatics analyses. In addition, general water quality parameters-pH, hardness, acidity, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, and nitrites-were recorded using a commercial kit. Genera of pathogens, including Legionella, Pseudomonas, Mycobacterium, Candida, and Naegleria, were found in lake waters. The stream El Virrey was, however, the only surface water that showed an abundance of fecal bacteria, often associated with low oxygen concentrations. All water bodies showed a predominance of fungal phyla, except for the lake at Timiza. This lake showed the highest pH, and its ecological dynamics are likely different from other water bodies. Likewise, some URLs displayed a greater abundance of cyanobacteria, including toxin-producing species. Algal genera associated with eutrophication were predominant among primary producing microorganisms. This study shows for the first time the description of the bacterial and eukaryotic communities of some URLs and a stream in Bogotá. The URLs and the stream harbored various pathogens that might pose a risk to the citizen's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Vega
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas- UR (GIMUR), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, 110221, Colombia
| | - Jesús Jaimes
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas- UR (GIMUR), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, 110221, Colombia
| | - Duvan Morales
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas- UR (GIMUR), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, 110221, Colombia
| | - David Martínez
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas- UR (GIMUR), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, 110221, Colombia
| | - Lissa Cruz-Saavedra
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas- UR (GIMUR), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, 110221, Colombia
| | - Marina Muñoz
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas- UR (GIMUR), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, 110221, Colombia
| | - Juan David Ramírez
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas- UR (GIMUR), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, 110221, Colombia.
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12
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18S rRNA Analysis Reveals High Diversity of Phytoplankton with Emphasis on a Naked Dinoflagellate Gymnodinium sp. at the Han River (Korea). DIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/d13020073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biomonitoring of phytoplankton communities in freshwater ecosystems is imperative for efficient water quality management. In the present study, we present the seasonal diversity of phytoplankton from the non-reservoir area of the Han River (Korea), assessed using the 18S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Our results uncovered a considerably high eukaryotic diversity, which was predominantly represented by phytoplankton in all the seasons (38–63%). Of these, the diatoms, Cyclostephanos tholiformis, Stephanodiscus hantzschii, and Stephanodiscus sp., were frequently detected in spring and winter. Interestingly, for the first time in the Han River, we detected a large number of operational taxonomic unit (OTU) reads belonging to the naked dinoflagellate Gymnodinium sp., which dominated in autumn (15.8%) and was observed only in that season. Molecular cloning and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed the presence of Gymnodinium sp. in the samples collected in 2012 and 2019. Moreover, a comparison of the present data with our previous data from a reservoir area (Paldang Dam) revealed similar patterns of phytoplankton communities. This molecular approach revealed a prospective toxic species that was not detected through microscopy. Collectively, resolving phytoplankton communities at a level relevant for water quality management will provide a valuable reference for future studies on phytoplankton for environmental monitoring.
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13
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Riba M, Kiss-Szikszai A, Gonda S, Parizsa P, Deák B, Török P, Valkó O, Felföldi T, Vasas G. Chemotyping of terrestrial Nostoc-like isolates from alkali grassland areas by non-targeted peptide analysis. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Moreira C, Gomes C, Vasconcelos V, Antunes A. Cyanotoxins Occurrence in Portugal: A New Report on Their Recent Multiplication. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12030154. [PMID: 32121468 PMCID: PMC7150953 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12030154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Historical reports show that in Portugal, cyanotoxins reports were mainly in the Center (cylindrospermopsins) and South (cylindrospermopsins, saxitoxins) regions of the country apart from the well distributed microcystins. Therefore, in our study, seven freshwater ecosystems located in the North and Center Regions of Portugal were screened between April and September of 2017 for the main cyanotoxins (microcystins, cylindrospermopsins, anatoxin-a, and saxitoxins) by a two methods approach that combined the application of molecular (PCR) and immunological (ELISA) assays. Results from our survey reveal that both methods revealed the presence of all main cyanotoxins. ELISA results showed that 48% of the samples were above (1.6-18.8 μg/L) the guideline value established for microcystins (1 μg/L), while in the remaining cyanotoxins, 33% of the samples were above (1.1-6.8 μg/L) the guideline value established for anatoxin-a (1 μg/L). Further, for saxitoxins, only one sample gave a value above (4.3 μg/L) the guideline (3 μg/L) and this corresponded to a North Region ecosystem. In the cytotoxin cylindrospermopsins, none of the samples were above the guideline established value (1 μg/L). This study will improve the risk assessment strategy in Portugal, as well as advance water quality and water management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Moreira
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4050-208 Porto, Portugal; (C.M.); (C.G.); (V.V.)
| | - Cidália Gomes
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4050-208 Porto, Portugal; (C.M.); (C.G.); (V.V.)
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4050-208 Porto, Portugal; (C.M.); (C.G.); (V.V.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Agostinho Antunes
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4050-208 Porto, Portugal; (C.M.); (C.G.); (V.V.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-223-401-813
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15
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D.C. Oliveira E, Castelo-Branco R, Silva L, Silva N, Azevedo J, Vasconcelos V, Faustino S, Cunha A. First Detection of Microcystin-LR in the Amazon River at the Drinking Water Treatment Plant of the Municipality of Macapá, Brazil. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E669. [PMID: 31731712 PMCID: PMC6891726 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11110669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Human poisoning by microcystin has been recorded in many countries, including Brazil, where fatal cases have already occurred. The Amazon River is the main source of drinking water in municipalities such as Macapá, where there is no monitoring of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins. This study investigated the presence of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in samples from a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) that catches water from the Amazon River. The toxin analyses employed ELISA, LC/MS, and molecular screening for genes involved in the production of cyanotoxins. The sampling was carried out monthly from April 2015 to April 2016 at the intake (raw water) and exit (treated water) of the DWTP. This study reports the first detection of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) in the Amazon River, the world's largest river, and in its treated water destined for drinking water purposes in Macapá, Brazil. The cyanobacterial density and MC-LR concentration were both low during the year. However, Limnothrix planctonica showed a density peak (± 900 cells mL-1) in the quarter of June-August 2015, when MC-LR was registered (2.1 µg L-1). Statistical analyses indicate that L. planctonica may produce the microcystin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elane D.C. Oliveira
- Institute of Scientific and Technological Research of the State of Amapá, Macapá, 68.903-197 Amapá, Brazil (L.S.); (N.S.)
- Bionorte Post-Graduate Program, UNIFAP, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, 68903-419 Amapá, Brazil; (S.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Raquel Castelo-Branco
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (R.C.-B.); (J.A.)
| | - Luis Silva
- Institute of Scientific and Technological Research of the State of Amapá, Macapá, 68.903-197 Amapá, Brazil (L.S.); (N.S.)
| | - Natalina Silva
- Institute of Scientific and Technological Research of the State of Amapá, Macapá, 68.903-197 Amapá, Brazil (L.S.); (N.S.)
| | - Joana Azevedo
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (R.C.-B.); (J.A.)
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (R.C.-B.); (J.A.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4069-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Silvia Faustino
- Bionorte Post-Graduate Program, UNIFAP, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, 68903-419 Amapá, Brazil; (S.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Alan Cunha
- Bionorte Post-Graduate Program, UNIFAP, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, 68903-419 Amapá, Brazil; (S.F.); (A.C.)
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16
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The Diversity of Cyanobacterial Toxins on Structural Characterization, Distribution and Identification: A Systematic Review. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11090530. [PMID: 31547379 PMCID: PMC6784007 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11090530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread distribution of cyanobacteria in the aquatic environment is increasing the risk of water pollution caused by cyanotoxins, which poses a serious threat to human health. However, the structural characterization, distribution and identification techniques of cyanotoxins have not been comprehensively reviewed in previous studies. This paper aims to elaborate the existing information systematically on the diversity of cyanotoxins to identify valuable research avenues. According to the chemical structure, cyanotoxins are mainly classified into cyclic peptides, alkaloids, lipopeptides, nonprotein amino acids and lipoglycans. In terms of global distribution, the amount of cyanotoxins are unbalanced in different areas. The diversity of cyanotoxins is more obviously found in many developed countries than that in undeveloped countries. Moreover, the threat of cyanotoxins has promoted the development of identification and detection technology. Many emerging methods have been developed to detect cyanotoxins in the environment. This communication provides a comprehensive review of the diversity of cyanotoxins, and the detection and identification technology was discussed. This detailed information will be a valuable resource for identifying the various types of cyanotoxins which threaten the environment of different areas. The ability to accurately identify specific cyanotoxins is an obvious and essential aspect of cyanobacterial research.
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17
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Batista AMM, Figueredo CC, Giani A. Variability in a permanent cyanobacterial bloom: species-specific responses to environmental drivers. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2019; 94:5115560. [PMID: 30289447 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiy197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms are characterized by intense growth of one or few species that will dominate the phytoplankton community for periods of few months to an entire year or more. However, even during persistent blooms, important seasonal changes among dominant species can be observed. Pampulha reservoir is a tropical eutrophic reservoir presenting permanent blooms. To identify the main species in this environment, a closer analysis performed by microscopy and 16S-rRNA DGGE revealed Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii as highly dominant throughout the year. The second most abundant group comprised species belonging to the Microcystis genus. They followed a well-defined seasonal pattern described by interesting species-specific ecological trends. During thermal stratification in the rainy/warmer season, C. raciborskii dominated in the water column, while Microcystis spp. were abundant at the end of the dry season, a period characterized by higher total phosphorus concentrations. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed the two dominant taxa and their seasonal trends. The results showed that cyanobacteria major controlling factors were strongly species dependent, shifting from physical/climate related (stratification) to more chemical driven (nutrients/eutrophication). Identifying these drivers is therefore essential for the understanding of the bloom dynamics and the real risks associated with each species, and to eventually adopt the most appropriate and effective management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M M Batista
- Department of Botany, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-010, Brazil
| | - C C Figueredo
- Department of Botany, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-010, Brazil
| | - A Giani
- Department of Botany, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-010, Brazil
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18
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Janssen EML. Cyanobacterial peptides beyond microcystins - A review on co-occurrence, toxicity, and challenges for risk assessment. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 151:488-499. [PMID: 30641464 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial bloom events that produce natural toxins occur in freshwaters across the globe, yet the potential risk of many cyanobacterial metabolites remains mostly unknown. Only microcystins, one class of cyanopeptides, have been studied intensively and the wealth of evidence regarding exposure concentrations and toxicity led to their inclusion in risk management frameworks for water quality. However, cyanobacteria produce an incredible diversity of hundreds of cyanopeptides beyond the class of microcystins. The question arises, whether the other cyanopeptides are in fact of no human and ecological concern or whether these compounds merely received (too) little attention thus far. Current observations suggest that an assessment of their (eco)toxicological risk is indeed relevant: First, other cyanopeptides, including cyanopeptolins and anabaenopeptins, can occur just as frequently and at similar nanomolar concentrations as microcystins in surface waters. Second, cyanopeptolins, anabaenopeptins, aeruginosins and microginins inhibit proteases in the nanomolar range, in contrast to protein phosphatase inhibition by microcystins. Cyanopeptolins, aeruginosins, and aerucyclamide also show toxicity against grazers in the micromolar range comparable to microcystins. The key challenge for a comprehensive risk assessment of cyanopeptides remains their large structural diversity, lack of reference standards, and high analytical requirements for identification and quantification. One way forward would be a prevalence study to identify the priority candidates of tentatively abundant, persistent, and toxic cyanopeptides to make comprehensive risk assessments more manageable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth M-L Janssen
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Eawag, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland.
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19
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Pessi IS, Pushkareva E, Lara Y, Borderie F, Wilmotte A, Elster J. Marked Succession of Cyanobacterial Communities Following Glacier Retreat in the High Arctic. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2019; 77:136-147. [PMID: 29796758 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-018-1203-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are important colonizers of recently deglaciated proglacial soil but an in-depth investigation of cyanobacterial succession following glacier retreat has not yet been carried out. Here, we report on the successional trajectories of cyanobacterial communities in biological soil crusts (BSCs) along a 100-year deglaciation gradient in three glacier forefields in central Svalbard, High Arctic. Distance from the glacier terminus was used as a proxy for soil age (years since deglaciation), and cyanobacterial abundance and community composition were evaluated by epifluorescence microscopy and pyrosequencing of partial 16S rRNA gene sequences, respectively. Succession was characterized by a decrease in phylotype richness and a marked shift in community structure, resulting in a clear separation between early (10-20 years since deglaciation), mid (30-50 years), and late (80-100 years) communities. Changes in cyanobacterial community structure were mainly connected with soil age and associated shifts in soil chemical composition (mainly moisture, SOC, SMN, K, and Na concentrations). Phylotypes associated with early communities were related either to potentially novel lineages (< 97.5% similar to sequences currently available in GenBank) or lineages predominantly restricted to polar and alpine biotopes, suggesting that the initial colonization of proglacial soil is accomplished by cyanobacteria transported from nearby glacial environments. Late communities, on the other hand, included more widely distributed genotypes, which appear to establish only after the microenvironment has been modified by the pioneering taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor S Pessi
- InBioS - Centre for Protein Engineering, University of Liège, Allée du Six Août 13, B6a, Quartier Agora, Sart-Tilman, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 9), 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Ekaterina Pushkareva
- Centre for Polar Ecology, University of South Bohemia, Na Zlaté Stoce 3, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Yannick Lara
- InBioS - Centre for Protein Engineering, University of Liège, Allée du Six Août 13, B6a, Quartier Agora, Sart-Tilman, 4000, Liège, Belgium
- UR Geology - Palaeobiogeology-Palaeobotany-Palaeopalynology, University of Liège, Allée du Six Août14, B18, Quartier Agora, Sart-Tilman, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Fabien Borderie
- InBioS - Centre for Protein Engineering, University of Liège, Allée du Six Août 13, B6a, Quartier Agora, Sart-Tilman, 4000, Liège, Belgium
- Laboratoire Chrono-environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté UsC INRA, Campus La Bouloie, Route de Gray 16, 25030, Besançon, France
| | - Annick Wilmotte
- InBioS - Centre for Protein Engineering, University of Liège, Allée du Six Août 13, B6a, Quartier Agora, Sart-Tilman, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Josef Elster
- Centre for Polar Ecology, University of South Bohemia, Na Zlaté Stoce 3, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dukelská 135, 37982, Třeboň, Czech Republic
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20
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Ramos V, Morais J, Castelo-Branco R, Pinheiro Â, Martins J, Regueiras A, Pereira AL, Lopes VR, Frazão B, Gomes D, Moreira C, Costa MS, Brûle S, Faustino S, Martins R, Saker M, Osswald J, Leão PN, Vasconcelos VM. Cyanobacterial diversity held in microbial biological resource centers as a biotechnological asset: the case study of the newly established LEGE culture collection. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY 2018; 30:1437-1451. [PMID: 29899596 PMCID: PMC5982461 DOI: 10.1007/s10811-017-1369-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are a well-known source of bioproducts which renders culturable strains a valuable resource for biotechnology purposes. We describe here the establishment of a cyanobacterial culture collection (CC) and present the first version of the strain catalog and its online database (http://lege.ciimar.up.pt/). The LEGE CC holds 386 strains, mainly collected in coastal (48%), estuarine (11%), and fresh (34%) water bodies, for the most part from Portugal (84%). By following the most recent taxonomic classification, LEGE CC strains were classified into at least 46 genera from six orders (41% belong to the Synechococcales), several of them are unique among the phylogenetic diversity of the cyanobacteria. For all strains, primary data were obtained and secondary data were surveyed and reviewed, which can be reached through the strain sheets either in the catalog or in the online database. An overview on the notable biodiversity of LEGE CC strains is showcased, including a searchable phylogenetic tree and images for all strains. With this work, 80% of the LEGE CC strains have now their 16S rRNA gene sequences deposited in GenBank. Also, based in primary data, it is demonstrated that several LEGE CC strains are a promising source of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Through a review of previously published data, it is exposed that LEGE CC strains have the potential or actual capacity to produce a variety of biotechnologically interesting compounds, including common cyanotoxins or unprecedented bioactive molecules. Phylogenetic diversity of LEGE CC strains does not entirely reflect chemodiversity. Further bioprospecting should, therefore, account for strain specificity of the valuable cyanobacterial holdings of LEGE CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Ramos
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Morais
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Raquel Castelo-Branco
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Ângela Pinheiro
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Joana Martins
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Ana Regueiras
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana L. Pereira
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Viviana R. Lopes
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bárbara Frazão
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- IPMA-Portuguese Institute of Sea and Atmosphere, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-006 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Dina Gomes
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristiana Moreira
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Maria Sofia Costa
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Sébastien Brûle
- Master 2 Biotechnologie, Université de Bretagne-Sud, BP 92116, 56000 Lorient/Vannes, France
| | - Silvia Faustino
- Laboratory of Algae Cultivation and Bioprospection, Federal Amapá University (UNIFAP), Rodovia JK, km 2, Macapá, Amapá Brazil
| | - Rosário Martins
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- Health and Environment Research Centre, School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Martin Saker
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- Alpha Environmental Solutions, P.O. Box 37977, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Joana Osswald
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Pedro N. Leão
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Vitor M. Vasconcelos
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Unexpected High Diversity of Terrestrial Cyanobacteria from the Campus of the University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan. Microorganisms 2017; 5:microorganisms5040069. [PMID: 29112166 PMCID: PMC5748578 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms5040069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Terrestrial cyanobacterial strains were isolated from the Nishihara campus of the University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan. The 13 sampling sites were distributed in a 200 m radius and appeared as dry, blackened stains. From these small areas, 143 cyanobacterial strains were established. The strains were divided into five morphotypes, including unicells, unicells with baeocytes, non-branching filaments, false-branching filaments, and heterocystous strains. From the strains, 105 partial 16S rRNA gene sequences were obtained and could be classified into 30 generic types. Among them, 22 unique strains and over 1100 bps of data were selected for further phylogenetic analyses. These sequences were positioned into six main clades corresponding to cyanobacterial orders: Nostocales, Chroococidiopsidales, Chroococcales, Oscillatoriales, Pleurocapsales, and Synechococcales. Almost all sequences had no identical matching data in GenBank and many of them had no closely related data. These data suggest that the terrestrial cyanobacteria are very divese even within close sampling areas, such as within the campus of the University of the Ryukyus. The established strains are not only important for classification of terrestrial cyanobacteria but also for possible application studies in the future.
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Casali SP, Dos Santos ACA, de Falco PB, Calijuri MDC. Influence of environmental variables on saxitoxin yields by Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii in a mesotrophic subtropical reservoir. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2017; 15:509-518. [PMID: 28771148 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2017.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Saxitoxins are a class of toxins produced by at least two groups of evolutionarily distant organisms (cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates). While the toxicity of these toxins is relatively well characterized, to date little is known about their drivers and ecological functions, especially in lower latitude tropical and subtropical freshwater ecosystems. In the present study, we aimed to obtain a better understanding of the main drivers of saxitoxin concentrations in aquatic environments. We investigated the relationships among saxitoxin concentrations in a mesotrophic subtropical reservoir dominated by the cyanobacteria Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii with physical, chemical and biological water variables. The highest saxitoxin concentrations were 0.20 μg·L-1, which occurred in the samples with the highest densities of C. raciborskii (maximum of 4.3 × 104 org·mL-1) and the highest concentration of dissolved nutrients (nitrate from 0.2 to 0.8 μg·L-1, ortophosphate from 0.3 to 8.5 μg·L-1). These correlations were confirmed by statistical analyses. However, the highest saxitoxin relative concentrations (per trichome) were associated with lower C. raciborskii densities, suggesting that saxitoxin production or the selection of saxitoxin-producing strains was associated with the adaptation of this species to conditions of stress. Our results indicate that C. raciborskii toxin yields vary depending on the enrichment conditions having potential implications for reservoir management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Pereira Casali
- Laboratório de Biotoxicologia de Águas Continentais e Efluentes (BIOTACE), Escola de Engenharia do São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400. CEP 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - André Cordeiro Alves Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Ambiental, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos km 110, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil E-mail:
| | | | - Maria do Carmo Calijuri
- Laboratório de Biotoxicologia de Águas Continentais e Efluentes (BIOTACE), Escola de Engenharia do São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400. CEP 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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23
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Description of new genera and species of marine cyanobacteria from the Portuguese Atlantic coast. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2017; 111:18-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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24
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Domínguez-Pérez D, Rodríguez AA, Osorio H, Azevedo J, Castañeda O, Vasconcelos V, Antunes A. Microcystin-LR Detected in a Low Molecular Weight Fraction from a Crude Extract of Zoanthus sociatus. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:E89. [PMID: 28257074 PMCID: PMC5371844 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9030089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cnidarian constitutes a great source of bioactive compounds. However, research involving peptides from organisms belonging to the order Zoanthidea has received very little attention, contrasting to the numerous studies of the order Actiniaria, from which hundreds of toxic peptides and proteins have been reported. In this work, we performed a mass spectrometry analysis of a low molecular weight (LMW) fraction previously reported as lethal to mice. The low molecular weight (LMW) fraction was obtained by gel filtration of a Zoanthus sociatus (order Zoanthidea) crude extract with a Sephadex G-50, and then analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) in positive ion reflector mode from m/z 700 to m/z 4000. Afterwards, some of the most intense and representative MS ions were fragmented by MS/MS with no significant results obtained by Protein Pilot protein identification software and the Mascot algorithm search. However, microcystin masses were detected by mass-matching against libraries of non-ribosomal peptide database (NORINE). Subsequent reversed-phase C18 HPLC (in isocratic elution mode) and mass spectrometry analyses corroborated the presence of the cyanotoxin Microcystin-LR (MC-LR). To the best of our knowledge, this finding constitutes the first report of MC-LR in Z. sociatus, and one of the few evidences of such cyanotoxin in cnidarians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dany Domínguez-Pérez
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Armando Alexei Rodríguez
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Peptide Chemistry, Hanover Medical School (MHH), Feodor-Lynen-Straße 31, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Hugo Osorio
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Ipatimup, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Joana Azevedo
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Olga Castañeda
- Faculty of Biology, University of La Habana, 25 St 455, CP 10400 La Habana, Cuba.
| | - Vítor Vasconcelos
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Agostinho Antunes
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
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Palinska KA, Schneider T, Surosz W. Phenotypic and phylogenetic studies of benthic mat-forming cyanobacteria on the NW Svalbard. Polar Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-017-2083-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zimba PV, Huang IS, Foley JE, Linton EW. Identification of a new-to-science cyanobacterium, Toxifilum mysidocida gen. nov. & sp. nov. (Cyanobacteria, Cyanophyceae). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2017; 53:188-197. [PMID: 27809340 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria occupy many niches within terrestrial, planktonic, and benthic habitats. The diversity of habitats colonized, similarity of morphology, and phenotypic plasticity all contribute to the difficulty of cyanobacterial identification. An unknown marine filamentous cyanobacterium was isolated from an aquatic animal rearing facility having mysid mortality events. The cyanobacterium originated from Corpus Christi Bay, TX. Filaments are rarely solitary, benthic mat forming, unbranched, and narrowing at the ends. Cells are 2.1 × 3.1 μm (width × length). Thylakoids are peripherally arranged on the outer third of the cell; cyanophycin granules and polyphosphate bodies are present. Molecular phylogenetic analysis in addition to morphology (transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy) and chemical composition all confirm it as a new genus and species we name Toxifilum mysidocida. At least one identified Leptolyngbya appears (based on genetic evidence and TEM) to belong to this new genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul V Zimba
- Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Unit 5866, Corpus Christi, Texas, 78412, USA
| | - I-Shuo Huang
- Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Unit 5866, Corpus Christi, Texas, 78412, USA
| | - Jennifer E Foley
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, 48859, USA
| | - Eric W Linton
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, 48859, USA
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The conifer biomarkers dehydroabietic and abietic acids are widespread in Cyanobacteria. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23436. [PMID: 26996104 PMCID: PMC4800451 DOI: 10.1038/srep23436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Terpenes, a large family of natural products with important applications, are commonly associated with plants and fungi. The diterpenoids dehydroabietic and abietic acids are defense metabolites abundant in resin, and are used as biomarkers for conifer plants. We report here for the first time that the two diterpenoid acids are produced by members of several genera of cyanobacteria. Dehydroabietic acid was isolated from two cyanobacterial strains and its identity was confirmed spectroscopically. One or both of the diterpenoids were detected in the cells of phylogenetically diverse cyanobacteria belonging to four cyanobacterial 'botanical orders', from marine, estuarine and inland environments. Dehydroabietic acid was additionally found in culture supernatants. We investigated the natural role of the two resin acids in cyanobacteria using ecologically-relevant bioassays and found that the compounds inhibited the growth of a small coccoid cyanobacterium. The unexpected discovery of dehydroabietic and abietic acids in a wide range of cyanobacteria has implications for their use as plant biomarkers.
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Comparison of the seasonal variations of Synechococcus assemblage structures in estuarine waters and coastal waters of Hong Kong. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:7644-55. [PMID: 26319880 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01895-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Seasonal variation in the phylogenetic composition of Synechococcus assemblages in estuarine and coastal waters of Hong Kong was examined through pyrosequencing of the rpoC1 gene. Sixteen samples were collected in 2009 from two stations representing estuarine and ocean-influenced coastal waters, respectively. Synechococcus abundance in coastal waters gradually increased from 3.6 × 10(3) cells ml(-1) in March, reaching a peak value of 5.7 × 10(5) cells ml(-1) in July, and then gradually decreased to 9.3 × 10(3) cells ml(-1) in December. The changes in Synechococcus abundance in estuarine waters followed a pattern similar to that in coastal waters, whereas its composition shifted from being dominated by phycoerythrin-rich (PE-type) strains in winter to phycocyanin-only (PC-type) strains in summer owing to the increase in freshwater discharge from the Pearl River and higher water temperature. The high abundance of PC-type Synechococcus was composed of subcluster 5.2 marine Synechococcus, freshwater Synechococcus (F-PC), and Cyanobium. The Synechococcus assemblage in the coastal waters, on the other hand, was dominated by marine PE-type Synechococcus, with subcluster 5.1 clades II and VI as the major lineages from April to September, when the summer monsoon prevailed. Besides these two clades, clade III cooccurred with clade V at relatively high abundance in summer. During winter, the Synechococcus assemblage compositions at the two sites were similar and were dominated by subcluster 5.1 clades II and IX and an undescribed clade (represented by Synechococcus sp. strain miyav). Clade IX Synechococcus was a relatively ubiquitous PE-type Synechococcus found at both sites, and our study demonstrates that some strains of the clade have the ability to deal with large variation of salinity in subtropical estuarine environments. Our study suggests that changes in seawater temperature and salinity caused by the seasonal variation of monsoonal forcing are two major determinants of the community composition and abundance of Synechococcus assemblages in Hong Kong waters.
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Moreira C, Ramos V, Azevedo J, Vasconcelos V. Methods to detect cyanobacteria and their toxins in the environment. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:8073-82. [PMID: 25085613 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5951-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria blooms are since early times a cause for environmental concern because of their negative impact through the release of odors, water discoloration, and more dangerously through the release of toxic compounds (i.e. the cyanotoxins) that can affect both human and animal welfare. Surveillance of the aquatic ecosystems is therefore obligatory, and methods to achieve such require a prompt answer not only regarding the species that are producing the blooms but also the cyanotoxins that are being produced and/or released. Moreover, besides this well-known source of possible intoxication, it has been demonstrated the existence of several other potential routes of exposure, either for humans or other biota such as through food additives and in terrestrial environments (in plants, lichens, biological soil crusts) and the recognition of their harmful impact on less studied ecosystems (e.g. coral reefs). Nowadays, the most frequent approaches to detect toxic cyanobacteria and/or their toxins are the chemical-, biochemical-, and molecular-based methods. Above their particular characteristics and possible applications, they all bring to the environmental monitoring several aspects that are needed to be discussed and scrutinized. The end outcome of this review will be to provide newer insights and recommendations regarding the methods needed to apply in an environmental risk assessment program. Therefore, a current state of the knowledge concerning the three methodological approaches will be presented, while highlighting positive and negative aspects of each of those methods within the purpose of monitoring or studying cyanobacteria and their toxins in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Moreira
- CIIMAR/CIMAR/Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Genómica e Evolução, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal
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30
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Piccin-Santos V, Brandão MM, Bittencourt-Oliveira MDC. Phylogenetic study of Geitlerinema and Microcystis (Cyanobacteria) using PC-IGS and 16S-23S ITS as markers: investigation of horizontal gene transfer. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2014; 50:736-743. [PMID: 26988457 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Selection of genes that have not been horizontally transferred for prokaryote phylogenetic inferences is regarded as a challenging task. The markers internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal genes (16S-23S ITS) and phycocyanin intergenic spacer (PC-IGS), based on the operons of ribosomal and phycocyanin genes respectively, are among the most used markers in cyanobacteria. The region of the ribosomal genes has been considered stable, whereas the phycocyanin operon may have undergone horizontal transfer. To investigate the occurrence of horizontal transfer of PC-IGS, phylogenetic trees of Geitlerinema and Microcystis strains were generated using PC-IGS and 16S-23S ITS and compared. Phylogenetic trees based on the two markers were mostly congruent for Geitlerinema and Microcystis, indicating a common evolutionary history among ribosomal and phycocyanin genes with no evidence for horizontal transfer of PC-IGS. Thus, PC-IGS is a suitable marker, along with 16S-23S ITS for phylogenetic studies of cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Piccin-Santos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
- Institute of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, São Paulo, 13506-900, Brazil
- Microbial Resources Division, Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture (CPQBA - UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, 13081-970, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Mendes Brandão
- Department of Genetics, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Do Carmo Bittencourt-Oliveira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
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Silva CSP, Genuário DB, Vaz MGMV, Fiore MF. Phylogeny of culturable cyanobacteria from Brazilian mangroves. Syst Appl Microbiol 2014; 37:100-12. [PMID: 24461713 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The cyanobacterial community from Brazilian mangrove ecosystems was examined using a culture-dependent method. Fifty cyanobacterial strains were isolated from soil, water and periphytic samples collected from Cardoso Island and Bertioga mangroves using specific cyanobacterial culture media. Unicellular, homocytous and heterocytous morphotypes were recovered, representing five orders, seven families and eight genera (Synechococcus, Cyanobium, Cyanobacterium, Chlorogloea, Leptolyngbya, Phormidium, Nostoc and Microchaete). All of these novel mangrove strains had their 16S rRNA gene sequenced and BLAST analysis revealed sequence identities ranging from 92.5 to 99.7% when they were compared with other strains available in GenBank. The results showed a high variability of the 16S rRNA gene sequences among the genotypes that was not associated with the morphologies observed. Phylogenetic analyses showed several branches formed exclusively by some of these novel 16S rRNA gene sequences. BLAST and phylogeny analyses allowed for the identification of Nodosilinea and Oxynema strains, genera already known to exhibit poor morphological diacritic traits. In addition, several Nostoc and Leptolyngbya morphotypes of the mangrove strains may represent new generic entities, as they were distantly affiliated with true genera clades. The presence of non-ribosomal peptide synthetase, polyketide synthase, microcystin and saxitoxin genes were detected in 20.5%, 100%, 37.5% and 33.3%, respectively, of the 44 tested isolates. A total of 134 organic extracts obtained from 44 strains were tested against microorganisms, and 26% of the extracts showed some antimicrobial activity. This is the first polyphasic study of cultured cyanobacteria from Brazilian mangrove ecosystems using morphological, genetic and biological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Souza Pamplona Silva
- University of São Paulo, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Laboratory of Molecular Ecology of Cyanobacteria, 13400-970 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego Bonaldo Genuário
- University of São Paulo, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Laboratory of Molecular Ecology of Cyanobacteria, 13400-970 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Gomes Marçal Vieira Vaz
- University of São Paulo, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Laboratory of Molecular Ecology of Cyanobacteria, 13400-970 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marli Fátima Fiore
- University of São Paulo, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Laboratory of Molecular Ecology of Cyanobacteria, 13400-970 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Costa M, Garcia M, Costa-Rodrigues J, Costa MS, Ribeiro MJ, Fernandes MH, Barros P, Barreiro A, Vasconcelos V, Martins R. Exploring bioactive properties of marine cyanobacteria isolated from the Portuguese coast: high potential as a source of anticancer compounds. Mar Drugs 2013; 12:98-114. [PMID: 24384871 PMCID: PMC3917263 DOI: 10.3390/md12010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The oceans remain a major source of natural compounds with potential in pharmacology. In particular, during the last few decades, marine cyanobacteria have been in focus as producers of interesting bioactive compounds, especially for the treatment of cancer. In this study, the anticancer potential of extracts from twenty eight marine cyanobacteria strains, belonging to the underexplored picoplanktonic genera, Cyanobium, Synechocystis and Synechococcus, and the filamentous genera, Nodosilinea, Leptolyngbya, Pseudanabaena and Romeria, were assessed in eight human tumor cell lines. First, a crude extract was obtained by dichloromethane:methanol extraction, and from it, three fractions were separated in a Si column chromatography. The crude extract and fractions were tested in eight human cancer cell lines for cell viability/toxicity, accessed with the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactic dehydrogenase release (LDH) assays. Eight point nine percent of the strains revealed strong cytotoxicity; 17.8% showed moderate cytotoxicity, and 14.3% assays showed low toxicity. The results obtained revealed that the studied genera of marine cyanobacteria are a promising source of novel compounds with potential anticancer activity and highlight the interest in also exploring the smaller filamentous and picoplanktonic genera of cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Costa
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, Porto 4050-123, Portugal.
| | - Mónica Garcia
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, Porto 4050-123, Portugal.
| | - João Costa-Rodrigues
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, Porto 4050-123, Portugal.
| | - Maria Sofia Costa
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, Porto 4050-123, Portugal.
| | - Maria João Ribeiro
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, Porto 4050-123, Portugal.
| | - Maria Helena Fernandes
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, Porto 4050-123, Portugal.
| | - Piedade Barros
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, Porto 4050-123, Portugal.
| | - Aldo Barreiro
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, Porto 4050-123, Portugal.
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, Porto 4050-123, Portugal.
| | - Rosário Martins
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, Porto 4050-123, Portugal.
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Kurobe T, Baxa DV, Mioni CE, Kudela RM, Smythe TR, Waller S, Chapman AD, Teh SJ. Identification of harmful cyanobacteria in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta and Clear Lake, California by DNA barcoding. SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:491. [PMID: 24133644 PMCID: PMC3797325 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Accurate identification of cyanobacteria using traditional morphological taxonomy is challenging due to the magnitude of phenotypic plasticity among natural algal assemblages. In this study, molecular approach was utilized to facilitate the accurate identification of cyanobacteria in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta and in Clear Lake in Northern California where recurring blooms have been observed over the past decades. Algal samples were collected from both water bodies in 2011 and the samples containing diverse cyanobacteria as identified by morphological taxonomy were chosen for the molecular analysis. The 16S ribosomal RNA genes (16S rDNA) and the adjacent internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions were amplified by PCR from the mixed algal samples using cyanobacteria generic primers. The obtained sequences were analyzed by similarity search (BLASTN) and phylogenetic analysis (16S rDNA) to differentiate species sharing significantly similar sequences. A total of 185 plasmid clones were obtained of which 77 were successfully identified to the species level: Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, Dolichospermum lemmermannii (taxonomic synonym: Anabaena lemmermannii), Limnoraphis robusta (taxonomic synonym: Lyngbya hieronymusii f. robusta) and Microcystis aeruginosa. To date, Dolichospermum and Limnoraphis found in Clear Lake have only been identified to the genus lavel by microscopy. During the course of this study, morphological identification and DNA barcoding confirmed A. flos-aquae as the predominant cyanobacterium in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta indicating a shift from M. aeruginosa that have dominated the blooms in the past decade. Lastly, the species-specific identification of Limnoraphis robusta in Clear Lake is another significant finding as this cyanobacterium has, thus far, only been reported in Lake Atitlan blooms in Guatemala.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cécile E Mioni
- />California Department of Water Resources, Environmental Monitoring Program, West Sacramento, CA 95691 USA
| | - Raphael M Kudela
- />California Department of Water Resources, Environmental Monitoring Program, West Sacramento, CA 95691 USA
| | | | - Scott Waller
- />California Department of Water Resources, Environmental Monitoring Program, West Sacramento, CA 95691 USA
| | | | - Swee J Teh
- />Greenwater Laboratories, Palatka, FL 32177 USA
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Molecular identification and ultrastructural and phylogenetic studies of cyanobacteria from association with the white sea hydroid Dynamena pumila (L., 1758). BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:760681. [PMID: 23762857 PMCID: PMC3674649 DOI: 10.1155/2013/760681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Three new cyanobacterial strains, that have been previously purified from the hydroid Dynamena pumila (L., 1758), isolated from the White Sea, were studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopy methods and were characterized by using almost complete sequence of the 16S rRNA gene, internal transcribed spacer 16S-23S rRNA, and part of the gene for 23S rRNA. The full nucleotide sequences of the rRNA gene clusters were deposited to GenBank (HM064496.1, GU265558.1, JQ259187.1). Comparison of rRNA gene cluster sequences of Synechococcus cyanobacterium 1Dp66E-1, Oscillatoriales cyanobacterium 2Dp86E, and Nostoc sp. 10Dp66E with all sequences present at the GenBank shows that these cyanobacterial strains do not have 100% identity with any organisms investigated previously. Furthermore, for the first time heterotrophic bacterium, associated with Nostoc sp. 10Dp66E, was identified as a member of the new phylum Gemmatimonadetes, genus of Gemmatimonas (GenBank accession number is JX437625.1). Phylogenetic analysis showed that cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. 1Dp66E-1 forms the unique branch and belongs to a cluster of Synechococcus, including freshwater and sea strains. Oscillatoriales cyanobacterium 2Dp86E belongs to a cluster of Leptolyngbya strains. Isolate Nostoc sp. 10Dp66E forms unique branch and belongs to a cluster of the genus Nostoc, with the closest relative of Nostoc commune isolates.
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Abstract
Although there has been much progress with regard to marine toxins from dinoflagellates, much remains to be done. Because these compounds are a seafood consumer risk, the demands cover from legislative to scientific aspects. Legislation is required for all new toxins that appear in the coasts. On the other hand, it is important to understand the toxicity of the different analogues, in terms of both the relative toxicity to reference compounds and the mechanism of toxicity itself, both acute and long-term. For this, a uniform approach to do toxic studies is necessary, especially acute toxicity. The need for pure standards in sufficient supply and the understanding of the mode of action of some of the compounds (such as yessotoxin or azaspiracids) will help the development of another important field, the use of marine toxins as drug leads, and the chemistry around them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Botana
- Department Farmacología, Fac. Veterinaria-USC, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
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