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Lu H, Liu C, Yang C, He Z, Wang L, Song L. Genome-wide identification of the HSP70 genes in Pacific oyster Magallana gigas and their response to heat stress. Cell Stress Chaperones 2024; 29:589-602. [PMID: 38908469 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstres.2024.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), the most prominent and well-characterized stress protein in animals, plays an important role in assisting animals in responding to various adverse conditions. In the present study, a total of 113 HSP70 gene family members were identified in the updated genome of Magallana gigas (designated MgHSP70) (previously known as Crassostrea gigas). There were 75, 12, 11, and 8 HSP70s located in the cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum, respectively, and 7 HSP70s were located in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. Among 113 MgHSP70 genes, 107 were unevenly distributed in 8 chromosomes of M. gigas with the greatest number in chromosome 07 (61 genes, 57.01%). The MgHSP70 gene family members were mainly assigned into five clusters, among which the HSPa12 subfamily underwent lineage-specific expansion, consisting of 89 members. A total of 68 MgHSP70 genes (60.18%) were tandemly duplicated and formed 30 gene pairs, among which 14 gene pairs were under strong positive selection. In general, the expression of MgHSP70s was tissue-specific, with the highest expression in labial palp and gill and the lowest expression in adductor muscle and hemocytes. There were 35, 31, and 47 significantly upregulated genes at 6, 12, and 24 h after heat shock treatment (28 °C), respectively. The expression patterns of different tandemly duplicated genes exhibited distinct characteristics after shock treatment, indicating that these genes may have different functions. Nevertheless, genes within the same tandemly duplicated group exhibit similar expression patterns. Most of the tandemly duplicated HSP70 gene pairs showed the highest expression levels at 24 h. This study provides a comprehensive description of the MgHSP70 gene family in M. gigas and offers valuable insights into the functions of HSP70 in the mollusc adaptation of oysters to environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Lu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Chuanyan Yang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Zhaoyu He
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
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Meza-Buendia AK, Aparicio-Trejo OE, Díaz F, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Álvarez-Delgado C, Rosas C. Climate change consequences on the systemic heart of female Octopus maya: oxidative phosphorylation assessment and the antioxidant system. Biol Open 2024; 13:bio060103. [PMID: 38752595 PMCID: PMC11155352 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
There is evidence that indicates that temperature modulates the reproduction of the tropical species Octopus maya, through the over- or under-expression of many genes in the brain. If the oxygen supply to the brain depends on the circulatory system, how temperature affects different tissues will begin in the heart, responsible for pumping the oxygen to tissues. The present study examines the impact of heat stress on the mitochondrial function of the systemic heart of adult O. maya. The mitochondrial metabolism and antioxidant defense system were measured in the systemic heart tissue of female organisms acclimated to different temperatures (24, 26, and 30°C). The results show that acclimation temperature affects respiratory State 3 and State 4o (oligomycin-induced) with higher values observed in females acclimated at 26°C. The antioxidant defense system is also affected by acclimation temperature with significant differences observed in superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase activities, and glutathione levels. The results suggest that high temperatures (30°C) could exert physical limitations on the circulatory system through the heart pumping, affecting nutrient and oxygen transport to other tissues, including the brain, which exerts control over the reproductive system. The role of the cardiovascular system in supporting aerobic metabolism in octopus females is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Karen Meza-Buendia
- Departamento de Biotecnología Marina, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, 22860Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Omar Emiliano Aparicio-Trejo
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, 14080 Ciudad de México, México
| | - Fernando Díaz
- Departamento de Biotecnología Marina, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, 22860Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Laboratorio F-315, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Carolina Álvarez-Delgado
- Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, 22860 Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Carlos Rosas
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiología Aplicada, Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, de Sisal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 97356 Puerto de Abrigo, Sisal, Yucatán, México
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Vellani V, Cuccaro A, Oliva M, Pretti C, Renzi M. Assessing combined effects of long-term exposure to copper and marine heatwaves on the reef-forming serpulid Ficopomatus enigmaticus through a biomarker approach. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 201:116269. [PMID: 38531206 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Sessile benthic organisms can be affected by global changes and local pressures, such as metal pollution, that can lead to damages at different levels of biological organization. Effects of exposure to marine heatwaves (MHWs) alone and in combination with environmentally relevant concentration of copper (Cu) were evaluated in the reef-forming tubeworm Ficopomatus enigmaticus using a multi-biomarker approach. Biomarkers of cell membrane damage, enzymatic antioxidant defences, metabolic activity, neurotoxicity, and DNA integrity were analyzed. The exposure to Cu alone did not produce any significant effect. Exposure to MHWs alone produced effects only on metabolic activity (increase of glutathione S-transferase) and energy reserves (decrease in protein content). MHWs in combination with copper was the condition that most influenced the status of cell homeostasis of exposed F. enigmaticus. The combination of MHWs plus Cu exposure induced increase of protein carbonylation and glutathione S-transferase activity, decrease in protein/carbohydrate content and carboxylesterase activity. This study on a reef-forming organism highlighted the additive effect of a climate change-related stressor to metals pollution of marine and brackish waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verdiana Vellani
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, TS, Italy; CoNiSMa, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196 Roma, Italy
| | - Alessia Cuccaro
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Matteo Oliva
- Interuniversity Consortium of Marine Biology of Leghorn 'G. Bacci', 57128 Leghorn, Italy
| | - Carlo Pretti
- Interuniversity Consortium of Marine Biology of Leghorn 'G. Bacci', 57128 Leghorn, Italy; Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado, PI 56122, Italy.
| | - Monia Renzi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, TS, Italy; CoNiSMa, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196 Roma, Italy
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Jeong H, Byeon E, Lee JS, Kim HS, Sayed AEDH, Bo J, Wang M, Wang DZ, Park HG, Lee JS. Single and combined effects of increased temperature and methylmercury on different stages of the marine rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 466:133448. [PMID: 38244454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Rapid, anthropogenic activity-induced global warming is a severe problem that not only raises water temperatures but also shifts aquatic environments by increasing the bioavailability of heavy metals (HMs), with potentially complicated effects on aquatic organisms, including small aquatic invertebrates. For this paper, we investigated the combined effects of temperature (23 and 28 °C) and methylmercury (MeHg) by measuring physiological changes, bioaccumulation, oxidative stress, antioxidants, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway in the marine rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. High temperature and MeHg adversely affected the survival rate, lifespan, and population of rotifers, and bioaccumulation, oxidative stress, and biochemical reactions depended on the developmental stage, with neonates showing higher susceptibility than adults. These findings demonstrate that increased temperature enhances potentially toxic effects from MeHg, and susceptibility differs with the developmental stage. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the combined effects of elevated temperature and MeHg on rotifers. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: Methylmercury (MeHg) is a widespread and harmful heavy metal that can induce lethal effects on aquatic organisms in even trace amounts. The toxicity of metals can vary depending on various environmental conditions. In particular, rising temperatures are considered a major factor affecting bioavailability and toxicity by changing the sensitivity of organisms. However, there are few studies on the combinational effects of high temperatures and MeHg on aquatic animals, especially invertebrates. Our research would contribute to understanding the actual responses of aquatic organisms to complex aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haksoo Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Eunjin Byeon
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Jin-Sol Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Alaa El-Din H Sayed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Jun Bo
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Minghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Da-Zhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Heum Gi Park
- Department of Marine Ecology and Environment, College of Life Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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Rahman MS, Billah MM, Rangel V, Cantu E. Elevated temperature triggers increase in global DNA methylation, 5-methylcytosine expression levels, apoptosis and NOx levels in the gonads of Atlantic sea urchin. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 269:110899. [PMID: 37673203 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2023.110899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Global warming is one of the greatest threats to living organisms. Among them, marine invertebrates are severely impacted on reproductive fitness by rising seawater surface temperatures due to climate change (e.g., massive heat waves). In this study, we used highly sensitive radioimmunoassay, immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), in situ TUNEL assay, luminescence assay, and colorimetric assay techniques to investigate the impacts of high temperatures on global DNA methylation, cellular apoptosis, and nitrative stress in gonads of Atlantic sea urchin (Arbacia punctulata, a commercially important species). Young adult sea urchins were exposed to 24, 28, and 32 °C for one week in a controlled laboratory setting. High temperatures (28 and 32 °C) markedly increased global DNA methylation (around 1.1-1.5-fold in testes and ~ 1.7-fold in ovaries) and 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) levels in gonads (around 2.7- to ~5.1-fold in ovaries and ~ 3.5- to ~6.2-fold in testes) compared with controls (24 °C). The number of apoptotic nuclei in gonads was much higher in high-temperature groups. The caspase activity also increased significantly (P < 0.05) in gonads in high-temperature groups. Nitrate/nitrites (NOx, a biomarker of reactive nitrogen species) levels were increased around 2.6- to ~5.2-fold in testes and ~ 1.9- to ~3.8-fold in ovaries in high-temperature groups. Collectively, these outcomes indicate that high temperatures drastically induce global DNA methylation, 5-mC expression levels, cellular apoptosis, and NOx levels in the gonads of Atlantic sea urchin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Saydur Rahman
- School of Integrative Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas, USA; School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas, USA.
| | - Mohammad Maruf Billah
- School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas, USA
| | - Victor Rangel
- School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas, USA
| | - Esmirna Cantu
- School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas, USA
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Chowdhury A, Rahman MS. Molecular and biochemical biomarkers in the American oyster Crassostrea virginica exposed to herbicide Roundup® at high temperature. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:94757-94778. [PMID: 37540412 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28862-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic organisms are frequently exposed to various environmental stressors. Thus, the effects of high temperatures and herbicides on aquatic organisms are a major subject of interest. In this study, we studied the effects of short-term exposure (1 week) to Roundup®, a glyphosate-based herbicide (concentrations: 0.5 and 5 µg/L), on the morphology of gills, digestive glands, and connective tissues, and the expression of heat shock protein-70 (HSP70, a chaperone protein), cytochrome P450 (CYP450, a biomarker of environmental contaminants), dinitrophenyl protein (DNP, a biomarker of protein oxidation), nitrotyrosine protein (NTP, a biomarker of protein nitration), antioxidant enzymes such as superoxidase dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in tissues of American oyster, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791) maintained at high temperature (30 °C). Histological analyses showed an increase in mucous production in the gills and digestive glands, and in hemocyte aggregation in the connective tissues as well as a structural change of lumen in the digestive glands of oysters exposed to Roundup. Immunohistochemical and quantitative RT-PCR analyses showed significant (P < 0.05) increases in HSP70, CYP450, DNP, NTP, CAT, and SOD mRNA and protein expressions in the tissues of oysters exposed to Roundup. Taken together, these results suggest that exposure to Roundup at high temperature induces overproduction of reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species which in turn leads to altered prooxidant-antioxidant activity in oyster tissues. Moreover, our results provide new information on protein oxidation/nitration and antioxidant-dependent mechanisms for HSP70 and CYP450 regulations in oysters exposed to Roundup at high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsana Chowdhury
- School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Md Saydur Rahman
- School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA.
- School of Integrative Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1 West University Blvd, TX, 78520, Brownsville, USA.
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7
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Gallo A, Murano C, Notariale R, Caramiello D, Tosti E, Cecchini Gualandi S, Boni R. Immune and Reproductive Biomarkers in Female Sea Urchins Paracentrotus lividus under Heat Stress. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1216. [PMID: 37627280 PMCID: PMC10452167 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The functioning of the immune and reproductive systems is crucial for the fitness and survival of species and is strongly influenced by the environment. To evaluate the effects of short-term heat stress (HS) on these systems, confirming and deepening previous studies, female sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus were exposed for 7 days to 17 °C, 23 and 28 °C. Several biomarkers were detected such as the ferric reducing power (FRAP), ABTS-based total antioxidant capacity (TAC-ABTS), nitric oxide metabolites (NOx), total thiol levels (TTL), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and protease (PA) activities in the coelomic fluid (CF) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), H2O2 content and intracellular pH (pHi) in eggs and coelomocytes, in which TAC-ABTS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) were also analyzed. In the sea urchins exposed to HS, CF analysis showed a decrease in FRAP levels and an increase in TAC-ABTS, TTL, MPO and PA levels; in coelomocytes, RNS, MMP and H2O2 content increased, whereas pHi decreased; in eggs, increases in MMP, H2O2 content and pHi were found. In conclusion, short-term HS leads to changes in five out of the six CF biomarkers analyzed and functional alterations in the cells involved in either reproductive or immune activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Gallo
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy; (A.G.); (R.N.); (E.T.)
| | - Carola Murano
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy;
| | - Rosaria Notariale
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy; (A.G.); (R.N.); (E.T.)
| | - Davide Caramiello
- Unit Marine Resources for Research, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Tosti
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy; (A.G.); (R.N.); (E.T.)
| | | | - Raffaele Boni
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy; (A.G.); (R.N.); (E.T.)
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo lucano, 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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8
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Murano C, Gallo A, Nocerino A, Macina A, Cecchini Gualandi S, Boni R. Short-Term Thermal Stress Affects Immune Cell Features in the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1954. [PMID: 37370464 DOI: 10.3390/ani13121954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to global warming, animals are experiencing heat stress (HS), affecting many organic functions and species' survival. In this line, some characteristics of immune cells in sea urchins subjected to short-term HS were evaluated. Paracentrotus lividus adult females were randomly divided into three groups and housed in tanks at 17 °C. In two of these tanks, the temperatures were gradually increased up to 23 and 28 °C. Celomatic fluid was collected after 3 and 7 days. The coelomocytes were morphologically typed and evaluated for their mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), lipoperoxidation extent (LPO), and hydrogen peroxide content (H2O2). Respiratory burst was induced by treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). HS caused a significant change in the coelomocytes' type distribution. MMP increased in the 23 °C-group and decreased in the 28 °C-group at both 3 and 7 days. LPO only increased in the 28 °C-group at 7 days. H2O2 progressively decreased together with the temperature increase. Respiratory burst was detected in all groups, but it was higher in the 17 °C group. In conclusion, the increase in temperature above the comfort zone for this animal species affects their immune cells with possible impairment of their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Murano
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gallo
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Aurora Nocerino
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Macina
- Unit Marine Resources for Research, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Raffaele Boni
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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9
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Li J, Xue S, Mao Y. Haemolymph pH of two important mollusc species is susceptible to seawater buffering capacity instead of pH or pCO 2. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 188:106018. [PMID: 37149967 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The acid-base status and balance of molluscs are considered to be susceptible to environmental changes, especially in the context of ocean acidification (OA). Here, we studied the effects of manipulated seawater carbonate chemistry on the acid-base status of scallop Chlamys farreri and abalone Haliotis discus hannai. The haemolymph pH of the tested individuals showed a fast response to acidified seawater incubation, and the pH level was restored to a normal value within 1 h of recovery in control seawater. However, no significant correlation (P > 0.05) was found between haemolymph pH and seawater pCO2 or pH, while the squared Pearson correlation coefficient (R2) ranged from close to zero to 0.41. In addition, although the pCO2 level of total alkalinity (TA)-lowered seawater was lower than half of that in the control, molluscs eliminated less CO2 (less than 80%) to TA lowered waters than to the control waters. These findings seem to disagree with the crucial role of seawater pCO2 in influencing the acid-base balance of molluscs. CO2 elimination occurs in the microenvironment, and CO2 first diffuses to limited amounts of seawater that tightly surround the gills, causing dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) accumulation in the ventilation sites, which leads to a sharp increase in the pCO2 of the surrounding seawater. Moreover, in this microenvironment, the pCO2 level increases much faster and more greatly if the environmental seawater is acidified or contains a lower level of TA. Therefore, mollusc acid-base status is influenced by rapidly varying pCO2 levels at the ventilation site, which is largely independent of that of the rest of the incubating seawater. In summary, CO2 elimination by molluscs relies heavily on the carbonate chemistry of environmental seawater, and seawater buffering capacity should be taken into consideration instead of considering only pCO2 or pH in studying the acid-base balance of marine molluscs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Li
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Piolet National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Suyan Xue
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Piolet National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yuze Mao
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Piolet National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266071, China.
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10
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Dash MK, Rahman MS. Molecular and biochemical responses to tributyltin (TBT) exposure in the American oyster: Triggers of stress-induced oxidative DNA damage and prooxidant-antioxidant imbalance in tissues by TBT. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 264:109523. [PMID: 36427667 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Environmental pollution increases due to anthropogenic activities. Toxic chemicals in the environment affect the health of aquatic organisms. Tributyltin (TBT) is a toxic chemical widely used as an antifouling paint on boats, hulls, and ships. The toxic effect of TBT is well documented in aquatic organisms; however, little is known about the effects of TBT on DNA lesions in shellfish. The American oyster (Crassostrea virginica, an edible and commercially important species) is an ideal marine mollusk to examine the effects of TBT exposure on DNA lesions and oxidative/nitrative stress. In this study, we investigated the effects of TBT on 8'-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG, a biomarker of pro-mutagenic DNA lesion), double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), dinitrophenyl protein (DNP, a biomarker on reactive oxygen species, ROS), 3-nitrotyrosine protein (NTP, a biomarker of reactive nitrogen species, RNS), catalase (CAT, an antioxidant), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE, a cholinergic enzyme) expressions in the gills and digestive glands of oysters. We also analyzed extrapallial (EF) fluid conditions. Immunohistochemical and qRT-PCR results showed that TBT exposure significantly increased 8-OHdG, dsDNA, DNP, NTP, and CAT mRNA and/or protein expressions in the gills and digestive glands. However, AChE mRNA and protein expressions, and EP fluid pH and protein concentrations were decreased in TBT-exposed oysters. Taken together, these results suggest that antifouling biocide-induced production of ROS/RNS results in DNA damage, which may lead to decreased cellular functions in oysters. To the best of our knowledge, the present study provides the first molecular/biochemical evidence that TBT exposure results in oxidative/nitrative stress and DNA lesions in oysters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Kumar Dash
- School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Md Saydur Rahman
- School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA; Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA.
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11
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Rahman MF, Billah MM, Kline RJ, Rahman MS. Effects of elevated temperature on 8-OHdG expression in the American oyster ( Crassostrea virginica): Induction of oxidative stress biomarkers, cellular apoptosis, DNA damage and γH2AX signaling pathways. FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 4:100079. [PMID: 36589260 PMCID: PMC9798191 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2022.100079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Global temperature is increasing due to anthropogenic activities and the effects of elevated temperature on DNA lesions are not well documented in marine organisms. The American oyster (Crassostrea virginica, an edible and commercially important marine mollusk) is an ideal shellfish species to study oxidative DNA lesions during heat stress. In this study, we examined the effects of elevated temperatures (24, 28, and 32 °C for one-week exposure) on heat shock protein-70 (HSP70, a biomarker of heat stress), 8‑hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG, a biomarker of pro-mutagenic DNA lesion), double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), γ-histone family member X (γH2AX, a molecular biomarker of DNA damage), caspase-3 (CAS-3, a key enzyme of apoptotic pathway) and Bcl-2-associated X (BAX, an apoptosis regulator) protein and/or mRNA expressions in the gills of American oysters. Immunohistochemical and qRT-PCR results showed that HSP70, 8-OHdG, dsDNA, and γH2AX expressions in gills were significantly increased at high temperatures (28 and 32 °C) compared with control (24°C). In situ TUNEL analysis showed that the apoptotic cells in gill tissues were increased in heat-exposed oysters. Interestingly, the enhanced apoptotic cells were associated with increased CAS-3 and BAX mRNA and/or protein expressions, along with 8-OHdG levels in gills after heat exposure. Moreover, the extrapallial (EP) fluid (i.e., extracellular body fluid) protein concentrations were lower; however, the EP glucose levels were higher in heat-exposed oysters. Taken together, these results suggest that heat shock-driven oxidative stress alters extracellular body fluid conditions and induces cellular apoptosis and DNA damage, which may lead to increased 8-OHdG levels in cells/tissues in oysters.
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Key Words
- 8-OHdG, 8‑hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine
- BAX, bcl-2-associate X
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- CAS-3, caspase-3
- Caspase 3
- DSBs, double-stranded breaks
- EP, extrapallial
- Extrapallial fluid
- HSP70
- HSP70, heat shock protein 70
- Heat stress
- Marine mollusks
- PBS, Phosphate buffer saline
- SSBs, single-stranded breaks
- TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP nick-end labeling
- dsDNA breaks
- dsDNA, double-stranded DNA
- qRT-PCR, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction
- ssDNA, single-stranded DNA
- γ-H2AX, γ-histone family member X
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Faizur Rahman
- School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Mohammad Maruf Billah
- School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Richard J. Kline
- School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA,Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Md Saydur Rahman
- School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA,Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA,Corresponding author at: Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1 West University Blvd., Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA.
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Lacy B, Rahman MS, Rahman MS. Potential mechanisms of Na +/K +-ATPase attenuation by heat and pesticides co-exposure in goldfish: role of cellular apoptosis, oxidative/nitrative stress, and antioxidants in gills. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:57376-57394. [PMID: 35352221 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19779-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the dose-dependent effects of an environmentally relevant pesticide cocktail (metalachlor, linuron, isoproturon, tebucanazole, aclonifen, atrazine, pendimethalin, and azinphos-methyl) and temperature change (22 vs. 32 °C for 4-week exposure) on Na+/K+-ATPase, 3-nitrotyrosine protein (NTP), dinitrophenyl protein (DNP), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) expressions in gills of goldfish (Carassius auratus). Histopathological analysis showed widespread damage to gill in elevated temperature (32 °C) and pesticide co-exposure groups, including fusion of secondary lamellae, club-shaped primary lamellae, rupture of epithelial layer, loss of normal architecture, and hemorrhaging. Immunohistochemical and qRT-PCR analyses showed significant decreases in Na+/K+-ATPase protein and mRNA expressions in gills exposed to higher temperature and pesticides; however, combined exposure to heat and pesticides significantly increases NTP, DNP, CAT, and SOD expressions. In situ TUNEL assay revealed elevated levels of apoptotic cells in response to combined exposure. Collectively, our results suggest the combined effects of heat and pesticide stress cause cellular damage, upregulate oxidative/nitrative stress biomarkers, and increase apoptotic cells, downregulate Na+/K+-ATPase expression in gills. This provides new evidence for oxidant/antioxidant-dependent mechanisms for downregulation of Na+/K+-ATPase expression in gills during combined exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney Lacy
- School of Earth, Environmental and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1 West University Drive, Brownsville, TX, 78520, USA
| | - Md Sadequr Rahman
- School of Earth, Environmental and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1 West University Drive, Brownsville, TX, 78520, USA
| | - Md Saydur Rahman
- School of Earth, Environmental and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1 West University Drive, Brownsville, TX, 78520, USA.
- Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA.
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Kantserova NP, Tushina ED, Sukhovskaya IV, Lysenko LA. Oxidative Modification and Proteolysis of Hepatic Proteins in Reared Rainbow Trout Affected by Environmental Factors. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162022030086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Lacy B, Rahman MS. Interactive effects of high temperature and pesticide exposure on oxidative status, apoptosis, and renin expression in kidney of goldfish: Molecular and cellular mechanisms of widespread kidney damage and renin attenuation. J Appl Toxicol 2022; 42:1787-1806. [PMID: 35698815 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
One of many noteworthy consequences of increasing societal reliance on pesticides is their predominance in aquatic environments. These pernicious chemicals interact with high temperatures from global climate change, heat waves, and natural variations to create unstable environments that negatively impact organisms' health. To understand these conditions, we examined the dose-dependent effects of environmentally relevant pesticide mixtures (metolachlor, linuron, isoproturon, tebuconazole, aclonifen, atrazine, pendimethalin, and azinphos-methyl) combined with elevated temperatures (22 control vs. 32°C for 4-week exposure) on renin, dinitrophenyl protein (DNP, an indicator of reactive oxygen species, ROS), 3-nitrotyrosine protein (NTP, an indicator of reactive nitrogen species, RNS), superoxidase dismutase (SOD, an antioxidant), and catalase (CAT, an antioxidant) expressions in the kidneys of goldfish (Carassius auratus). Histopathological analysis showed widespread damage to kidney tissues in high temperature and pesticide co-exposure groups, including rupture of the epithelial layer, hemorrhaging, and degeneration of tubular epithelium. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated significant declines in renin receptor-like mRNA and protein expressions in kidney tissues under combined exposure to high temperature and pesticides compared with controls; conversely, expression of DNP, NTP, SOD, and CAT increased in kidney tissues under the same conditions. Apoptotic cells were also increased in co-exposure groups as assessed by in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick labeling (TUNEL) assay. The enhanced apoptosis in kidneys of heat and pesticides co-exposed fish was associated with increased caspase-3 (a protease enzyme) mRNA levels. Our results demonstrated that high temperature and pesticides induced oxidative/nitrative stress (i.e., ROS/RNS), damaged tissues, increased cellular apoptosis, and suppressed renin expression in kidneys of goldfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney Lacy
- School of Earth, Environmental and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Md Saydur Rahman
- School of Earth, Environmental and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
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Wang X, Li X, Xiong D, Ren H, Chen H, Ju Z. Exposure of adult sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius to stranded heavy fuel oil causes developmental toxicity on larval offspring. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13298. [PMID: 35462773 PMCID: PMC9029359 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Heavy fuel oil (HFO) spills pose serious threat to coastlines and sensitive resources. Stranded HFO that occurs along the coastline could cause long-term and massive damage to the marine environment and indirectly affect the survival of parental marine invertebrates. However, our understanding of the complex associations within invertebrates is primarily limited, particularly in terms of the toxicity effects on the offspring when parents are exposed to stranded HFO. Here, we investigated the persistent effects on the early development stage of the offspring following stranded HFO exposure on the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius. After 21 d exposure, sea urchins exhibited a significant decrease in the reproductive capacity; while the reactive oxygen species level, 3-nitrotyrosine protein level, protein carbonyl level, and heat shock proteins 70 expression in the gonadal tissues and gametes significantly increased as compared to the controls, indicating that HFO exposure could cause development toxicity on offspring in most traits of larval size. These results suggested that the stranded HFO exposure could increase oxidative stress of gonadal tissues, impair reproductive functions in parental sea urchins, and subsequently impact on development of their offspring. This study provides valuable information regarding the persistent toxicity effects on the offspring following stranded HFO exposure on sea urchins.
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16
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Shallow-emerged coral may warn of deep-sea coral response to thermal stress. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22439. [PMID: 34789855 PMCID: PMC8599838 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01948-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Gulf of Alaska, commercially harvested fish species utilize habitats dominated by red tree corals (Primnoa pacifica) for shelter, feeding, and nurseries, but recent studies hint that environmental conditions may be interrupting the reproductive lifecycle of the corals. The North Pacific has experienced persistent and extreme thermal variability in recent years and this pattern is predicted to continue in coming decades. Recent discovery of deep-water emerged coral populations in Southeast Alaska fjords provided opportunity for detailed life-history studies and comparison to corals in managed habitats on the continental shelf. Here we show that sperm from deep colonies develops completely, but in shallow colonies, sperm development is prematurely halted, likely preventing successful production of larvae. We hypothesize that the divergence is due to differing temperature regimes presently experienced by the corals. Compared to deep populations below the thermocline, shallow populations experience much greater seasonal thermal variability and annual pulses of suspected near-lethal temperatures that appear to interrupt the production of viable gametes. The unique opportunity to comprehensively study emerged populations presently affected by thermal stress provides advance warning of the possible fate of deep corals in the Gulf of Alaska that will soon experience similar ocean conditions.
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Rahman MS, Rahman MS. Elevated seasonal temperature disrupts prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis and promotes cellular apoptosis in the American oyster, Crassostrea virginica, in the Gulf of Mexico: a field study. Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:917-936. [PMID: 34524641 PMCID: PMC8578485 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-021-01232-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major impacts of climate change has been the marked rise in global temperature. Recently, we demonstrated that high temperatures (1-week exposure) disrupt prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis and promote cellular apoptosis in the American oyster. In this study, we evaluated the effects of seasonal sea surface temperature (SST) on tissue morphology, extrapallial fluid (EPF) conditions, heat shock protein-70 (HSP70), dinitrophenyl protein (DNP, an indicator of reactive oxygen species, ROS), 3-nitrotyrosine protein (NTP, an indicator of RNS), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) protein expressions, and cellular apoptosis in gills and digestive glands of oysters collected on the southern Texas coast during the winter (15 °C), spring (24 °C), summer (30 °C), and fall (27 °C). Histological observations of both tissues showed a notable increase in mucus production and an enlargement of the digestive gland lumen with seasonal temperature rise, whereas biochemical analyses exhibited a significant decrease in EPF pH and protein concentration. Immunohistochemical analyses showed higher expression of HSP70 along with the expression of DNP and NTP in oyster tissues during summer. Intriguingly, CAT and SOD protein expressions exhibited significant upregulation with rising seasonal temperatures (15 to 27 °C), which decreased significantly in summer (30 °C), leaving oysters vulnerable to oxidative and nitrative damage. qRT-PCR analysis revealed a significant increase in HSP70 mRNA levels in oyster tissues during the warmer seasons. In situ TUNNEL assay showed a significant increase in apoptotic cells in seasons with high temperature. These results suggest that elevated SST induces oxidative/nitrative stress through the overproduction of ROS/RNS and disrupts the antioxidant system which promotes cellular apoptosis in oysters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sadequr Rahman
- School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Md Saydur Rahman
- School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA.
- Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA.
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Rahman MS, Rahman MS. Effects of elevated temperature on prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis and redox status in the American oyster: Signaling pathways of cellular apoptosis during heat stress. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 196:110428. [PMID: 33186574 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Increasing seawater temperature affects growth, reproduction, development, and various other physiological processes in aquatic organisms, such as marine invertebrates, which are especially susceptible to high temperatures. In this study, we examined the effects of short-term heat stress (16, 22, 26, and 30 °C for 1-week exposure) on prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis and redox status in the American oyster (Crassostrea virginica, an edible and commercially cultivated bivalve mollusk) under controlled laboratory conditions. Immunohistochemical and real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses were performed to examine the expression of heat shock protein-70 (HSP70, a biomarker of heat stress), catalase (CAT, an antioxidant), superoxide dismutase (SOD, an antioxidant), dinitrophenyl protein (DNP, a biomarker of reactive oxygen species, ROS), and 3-nitrotyrosine protein (NTP, an indicator of reactive nitrogen species, RNS), in the gills and digestive glands of oysters. In situ TUNEL assay was performed to detect cellular apoptosis in tissues. Histological analysis showed an increase in mucus secretion in the gills and digestive glands of oysters exposed to higher temperatures (22, 26, and 30 °C) compared to control (16 °C). Immunohistochemical and qRT-PCR analyses showed significant increases in HSP70, DNP and NTP protein, and mRNA expressions in tissues at higher temperatures. Cellular apoptosis was also significantly increased at higher temperatures. Thus, heat-induced oxidative and nitrative stress likely occur due to overproduction of ROS and RNS. Interestingly, expression of CAT and SOD increased in oysters exposed to 22 and 26 °C, but was at or below control levels in the highest temperature exposure (30 °C). Collectively, these results suggest that elevated seawater temperatures cause oxidative/nitrative stress and induce cellular apoptosis through excessive ROS and RNS production, leading to inhibition of the antioxidant defense system in marine mollusks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sadequr Rahman
- School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Md Saydur Rahman
- School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA; Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, TX, USA.
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19
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Li X, Wang C, Li N, Gao Y, Ju Z, Liao G, Xiong D. Combined Effects of Elevated Temperature and Crude Oil Pollution on Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Sea Cucumber ( Apostichopus japonicus, Selenka). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020801. [PMID: 33477823 PMCID: PMC7832845 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Currently, global climate change and oil pollution are two main environmental concerns for sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) aquaculture. However, no study has been conducted on the combined effects of elevated temperature and oil pollution on sea cucumber. Therefore, in the present study, we treated sea cucumber with elevated temperature (26 °C) alone, water-accommodated fractions (WAF) of Oman crude oil at an optimal temperature of 16 °C, and Oman crude oil WAF at an elevated temperature of 26 °C for 24 h. Results showed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and total antioxidant capacity in WAF at 26 °C treatment were higher than that in WAF at 16 °C treatment, as evidenced by 6.03- and 1.31-fold-higher values, respectively. Oxidative damage assessments manifested that WAF at 26 °C treatment caused much severer oxidative damage of the biomacromolecules (including DNA, proteins, and lipids) than 26 °C or WAF at 16 °C treatments did. Moreover, compared to 26 °C or WAF at 16 °C treatments, WAF at 26 °C treatment induced a significant increase in cellular apoptosis by detecting the caspase-3 activity. Our results revealed that co-exposure to elevated temperature and crude oil could simulate higher ROS levels and subsequently cause much severer oxidative damage and cellular apoptosis than crude oil alone on sea cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xishan Li
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China; (X.L.); (N.L.); (Z.J.)
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China; (C.W.); (D.X.)
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Chengyan Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China; (C.W.); (D.X.)
| | - Nan Li
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China; (X.L.); (N.L.); (Z.J.)
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China; (C.W.); (D.X.)
| | - Yali Gao
- School of Marine Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China;
| | - Zhonglei Ju
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China; (X.L.); (N.L.); (Z.J.)
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China; (C.W.); (D.X.)
| | - Guoxiang Liao
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China; (X.L.); (N.L.); (Z.J.)
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem, Dalian 116023, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0411-8478-3810
| | - Deqi Xiong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China; (C.W.); (D.X.)
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Hu F, Yang M, Ding P, Zhang X, Chen Z, Ding J, Chi X, Luo J, Zhao C, Chang Y. Effects of the brown algae Sargassum horneri and Saccharina japonica on survival, growth and resistance of small sea urchins Strongylocentrotus intermedius. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12495. [PMID: 32719343 PMCID: PMC7385652 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69435-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mass mortality of the long line culture of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius in summer, which is greatly associated with their disease, energy storage and resistant abilities, is the most serious problem for the development of the aquaculture. Here, a feeding experiment was conducted for ~ 9 weeks to investigate the survival, growth and gonadal development of small S. intermedius (~ 3 cm) fed either brown algae Sargassum horneri or Saccharina japonica. Subsequently, we assessed their resistant abilities via observing the behaviors of righting, tube feet extension and Aristotle's lantern reflex at both moderately elevated and acutely changed water temperatures. Sea urchins fed S. horneri showed significantly fewer diseased individuals and slower gonadal development than those fed S. japonica. Consistently, significantly greater Aristotle's lantern reflex occurred in sea urchins fed S. horneri at moderately elevated temperatures. These findings suggest that S. horneri has direct application potential as food for the long line culture of S. intermedius in summer because of the advantage in health, energy storage (avoid the energy loss caused by gonadal development at small body sizes) and resistance abilities. In comparison, sea urchins fed S. japonica outperformed those fed S. horneri for all experimental behaviors under the acutely changed water temperatures. These findings clearly suggest that S. intermedius fed S. japonica is more suitable for the areas with cold water mass in summer, because it can effectively avoid or reduce the negative impacts of acute changes of water temperature on sea urchins. The present study provides valuable information into the management of the long line culture of S. intermedius in summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Mingfang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Peng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhouling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jingyun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiaomei Chi
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jia Luo
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Chong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Yaqing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
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Nash S, Rahman MS. Short‐term heat stress impairs testicular functions in the American oyster,Crassostrea virginica: Molecular mechanisms and induction of oxidative stress and apoptosis in spermatogenic cells. Mol Reprod Dev 2019; 86:1444-1458. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Nash
- School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine SciencesUniversity of Texas Rio Grande Valley Brownsville Texas
| | - Md Saydur Rahman
- School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine SciencesUniversity of Texas Rio Grande Valley Brownsville Texas
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Texas Rio Grande Valley Brownsville Texas
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Texas Rio Grande Valley Brownsville Texas
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