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Islam R, Yu RMK, O'Connor WA, Lin X, Lai KP, Leusch FDL, MacFarlane GR. Intergenerational toxicity of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2): Effects of parental exposure on early larval development and transcriptomic profiles in the Sydney rock oyster, Saccostrea glomerata. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 475:134876. [PMID: 38870858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
This study exposed adult Sydney rock oysters, of either sex or both, to the synthetic estrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) at 50 ng/L for 21 days, followed by an examination of developmental endpoints and transcriptomic responses in unexposed larvae. Reduced survival was observed at 1 day post-fertilisation (dpf) in larvae from bi-parental exposure (FTMT). Motile larvae at 2 dpf were fewer from maternal (FTMC), paternal (FCMT), and FTMT exposures. Additionally, shell length at 7 dpf decreased in larvae from FTMC and FTMT parents. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) revealed 1064 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in 1-dpf larvae from FTMT parents, while fewer DEGs were detected in larvae from FTMC and FCMT parents, with 258 and 7, respectively. GO and KEGG analyses showed significant enrichment of DEGs in diverse terms and pathways, with limited overlap among treatment groups. IPA results indicated potential inhibition of pathways regulating energy production, larval development, transcription, and detoxification of reactive oxygen species in FTMT larvae. qRT-PCR validation confirmed significant downregulation of selected DEGs involved in these pathways and relevant biological processes, as identified in the RNA-seq dataset. Overall, our results suggest that the intergenerational toxicity of EE2 is primarily maternally transmitted, with bi-parental exposure amplifying these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafiquel Islam
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Richard Man Kit Yu
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Wayne A O'Connor
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Taylors Beach, NSW 2316, Australia
| | - Xiao Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Keng Po Lai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Frederic D L Leusch
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Geoff R MacFarlane
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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Ferreira CP, Moreira RS, Bastolla CLV, Saldaña-Serrano M, Lima D, Gomes CHAM, Bainy ACD, Lüchmann KH. Transcriptomic investigation and biomarker discovery for zinc response in oysters Crassostrea gasar. Mar Genomics 2024; 75:101109. [PMID: 38603950 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2024.101109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
In an era of unprecedented industrial and agricultural growth, metal contamination in marine environments is a pressing concern. Sentinel organisms such as the mangrove oyster Crassostrea gasar provide valuable insights into these environments' health. However, a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying their response to metal exposure remains elusive. To address this gap, we reanalyzed the 454-sequencing data of C. gasar, utilizing an array of bioinformatics workflow of CDTA (Combined De Novo Transcriptome Assembly) to generate a more representative assembly. In parallel, C. gasar individuals were exposed to two concentrations of zinc (850 and 4500 μg L-1 Zn) for 48 h to understand their molecular responses. We utilized Trinotate workflow for the 11,684-CDTA unigenes annotation, with most transcripts aligning with the genus Crassostrea. Our analysis indicated that 67.3% of transcript sequences showed homology with Pfam, while 51.4% and 54.5%, respectively had GO and KO terms annotated. We identified potential metal pollution biomarkers, focusing on metal-related genes, such as those related to the GSH biosynthesis (CHAC1 and GCLC-like), to zinc transporters (ZNT2-like), and metallothionein (MT-like). The evolutionary conservation of these genes within the Crassostrea genus was assessed through phylogenetic analysis. Further, these genes were evaluated by qPCR in the laboratory exposed oysters. All target genes exhibited significant upregulation upon exposure to Zn at both 850 and 4500 μg L-1, except for GCLC-like, which showed upregulation only at the higher concentration of 4500 μg L-1. This result suggests distinct activation thresholds and complex interactions among these genes in response to varying Zn concentrations. Our study provides insights into the molecular responses of C. gasar to Zn, adding valuable tools for monitoring metal pollution in marine ecosystems using the mangrove oyster as a sentinel organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa P Ferreira
- Multicentric PostGraduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology - PMBqBM, Santa Catarina State University, Lages 88520-000, Brazil
| | - Renato S Moreira
- Federal Institute of Santa Catarina, Gaspar 89111-009, Brazil; Bioinformatic Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-970, Brazil
| | - Camila L V Bastolla
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry - LABCAI, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88034-257, Brazil
| | - Miguel Saldaña-Serrano
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry - LABCAI, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88034-257, Brazil
| | - Daína Lima
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry - LABCAI, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88034-257, Brazil
| | - Carlos H A M Gomes
- Laboratory of Marine Mollusks (LMM), Department of Aquaculture, Center of Agricultural Science, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Afonso C D Bainy
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry - LABCAI, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88034-257, Brazil
| | - Karim H Lüchmann
- Department of Scientific and Technological Education, Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis 88035-001, Brazil.
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Rattikansukha C, Millward GE, Hawkins SJ, Langston WJ. Partitioning of metals in the tissues and cytosolic fraction of Cerastoderma edule. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 199:106566. [PMID: 38865871 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The concentrations of Cd, Cu and Zn have been determined in the tissues and the cytosolic fraction of the common cockle, Cerastoderma edule, collected from sediments in the Tamar, Plym and Avon estuaries (South West, England). Metal concentrations in the tissues of C. edule from the Avon were lower than those from the Tamar and Plym, except for Cu in the digestive gland. Significant statistical relationships were only obtained between the total sedimentary metal concentrations and Cd in the body of C. edule and Cu in the digestive gland. The cytosolic fraction was extracted from each of the tissues and separated for protein analysis thereby allowing determination of the metal contents in high molecular weight (HMW) compounds, metallothionein-like proteins (MTLP) and very low molecular weight (VLMW) compounds. The digestive glands of C. edule from the Avon had relatively low concentrations of MTLP, whereas MTLP concentrations in the digestive gland of cockles from the Tamar and Plym were higher. The cytosolic fraction of C. edule had relatively low total Cd and Cu concentrations associated with MTLP, whereas Zn was preferentially associated with the HMW and the VLMW components. The results are relevant to metal distributions in C. edule and the role of cytosols in the management of metals by C. edule and other invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rattikansukha
- Center of Excellence on Sustainable Disaster Management, Walailak University, Tha Sala, Nakon Sri Thammarat, 80161, Thailand
| | - G E Millward
- Marine Institute, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - S J Hawkins
- School of Ocean and Earth Sciences, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO14 3RZ, UK; School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - W J Langston
- Marine Biological Association of the UK, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK
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Yang J, Guo Y, Hu J, Bao Z, Wang M. A metallothionein gene from hard clam Meretrix meretrix: Sequence features, expression patterns, and metal tolerance activities. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 149:105057. [PMID: 37708948 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.105057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are low-molecular weight cytoplasmic heavy metal binding proteins. MTs can regulate the concentration of essential or non-essential metals in organisms, and have many important biological functions, including detoxification, trace element metabolism, and anti-oxidation. In the present study, we cloned and characterized a metallothionein gene (designated as MmMT) from the hard clam Meretrix meretrix. The complete cDNA sequence of MmMT contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 629 bp, which encoded a protein of 76 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 7.66 kDa and a calculated theoretical isoelectric point of 7.24. MmMT is highly similar to previously identified MTs from other species, with typical metallothionein features such as a high cysteine residue content and the absence of histidine and aromatic residues. The mRNA transcripts of MmMT were prevalent in all the tested tissues, and the expression levels of MmMT were highest in the hepatopancreas and hemocytes. During the stimulation of Vibrio splendidus, the mRNA transcripts of MmMT in the hepatopancreas and hemocytes were significantly increased. The Escherichia coli overexpressing MmMT performed strong growth in the media supplemented with CdCl2 and CuSO4 compared to the control strains. These results provide useful information for further investigation of the functions of MmMT in metal detoxification and the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institute, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Ying Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Jingjie Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institute, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572024, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572024, China
| | - Zhenmin Bao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institute, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572024, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572024, China
| | - Mengqiang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institute, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572024, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572024, China.
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5
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Ferreira CP, Moreira RS, Toledo-Silva G, Schroeder DC, Bainy ACD, Lüchmann KH. Analysis of Crassostrea gasar transcriptome reveals candidate genes involved in metal metabolism. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:136009. [PMID: 35977572 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Oysters have been extensively employed for monitoring of metal pollution in dynamic aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, the use of specific biomarkers can assist in discriminating the ecotoxicological implications of different elements in such complex environments. In this study, we revisited the sequencing data of gills and digestive glands transcripts in the mangrove oyster Crassostrea gasar and generated a reference transcriptome assembly from multiple assemblers, seven in total. Overall, we were able to identify a total of 11,917 transcripts, with 86.6% of them being functionally annotated and 1.4 times more than the first annotation. We screened the annotated transcripts to identify genes potentially involved in metals' transport, storage, and detoxification. Our findings included genes related to Zn distribution in cells (Zn transporters - ZIP, ZnT), metallothionein (MT-I and MT-IV), GSH biosynthesis, Ca+ transporter (NCX and ATP2B), and Cu distribution in cells (ATP7, ATOX1, CCS, and laccase-like). These results provided a reference transcriptome for additional insights into the transcriptional profile of C. gasar and other bivalves to better understand the molecular pathways underpinning metal tolerance and susceptibility. The study also provided an auxiliary tool for biomonitoring metal contamination in dynamic environments as estuaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa P Ferreira
- Multicentric Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology - PMBqBM, Santa Catarina State University, Lages, 88520-000, Brazil
| | - Renato S Moreira
- Federal Institute of Santa Catarina - IFSC, Lages, 88506-400, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Toledo-Silva
- Genomics Laboratory, Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Declan C Schroeder
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA; School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Afonso C D Bainy
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry - LABCAI, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88034-257, Brazil
| | - Karim H Lüchmann
- Department of Scientific and Technological Education, Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis, 88035-001, Brazil.
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6
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Moncaleano-Niño AM, Gómez-Cubillos MC, Luna-Acosta A, Villamil L, Casseres-Ruiz S, Ahrens MJ. Monitoring metallothionein-like protein concentrations and cholinesterase activity in tropical cup oysters as biomarkers of exposure to metals and pesticides in the southern Caribbean, Colombia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:25157-25183. [PMID: 34837617 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17644-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metallothionein-like protein concentrations (MT) and three functionally defined fractions of cholinesterase activity (ChE) were quantified in gill and digestive gland homogenates of tropical cup oysters from 5 nearshore locations in the Colombian Caribbean and correlated with sediment and tissue metal (9 metals) and pesticide (22 organophosphates, OPs, and 20 organochlorines-OCPs), as well as water physical-chemical parameters (salinity, pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen). Tissue and sediment pesticide concentrations were below detection limits in all samples, whereas sediment and tissue metal concentrations exceeded environmental thresholds at several locations. Tissue MT and ChE biomarkers varied by a factor of 5-6 between locations. Inhibition of cholinesterase activity was negligible for all 5 sites, despite spatial-temporal variation in ChE activity, consistent with below-detection OP concentrations. Tissue MT and ChE biomarkers correlated with tissue and metal sediment concentrations, yet, statistically significant covariance between biomarkers and water chemistry parameters was also observed, indicating that both, metal concentrations and physical-chemical variables, are likely to be responsible for generating the observed spatial-temporal variations in biomarker patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Moncaleano-Niño
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Bogota Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Carrera 4 No. 22-61, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Maria Camila Gómez-Cubillos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Bogota Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Carrera 4 No. 22-61, Bogota, Colombia
- Department of Biology, Ichthyology Laboratory, Ecology and Systematics Unit (UNESIS), Pontifical Javeriana University, Transversal 4 No. 42-00, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Andrea Luna-Acosta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Bogota Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Carrera 4 No. 22-61, Bogota, Colombia
- Department of Ecology and Territory, Faculty of Environmental and Rural Studies, Pontifical Javeriana University, Transversal 4 No. 42-00, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luisa Villamil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Bogota Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Carrera 4 No. 22-61, Bogota, Colombia
- Faculty of Engineering, PhD in Biosciences, La Sabana University, Campus "Puente del Común," Km. 7, Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía, Colombia
| | - Samuel Casseres-Ruiz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Bogota Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Carrera 4 No. 22-61, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Michael J Ahrens
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Bogota Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Carrera 4 No. 22-61, Bogota, Colombia.
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Veilleux HD, Misutka MD, Glover CN. Environmental DNA and environmental RNA: Current and prospective applications for biological monitoring. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 782:146891. [PMID: 33848866 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Traditional environmental biomonitoring approaches have limitations in terms of species detectability and their capacity to account for spatial and temporal variation. Furthermore, as invasive techniques they can be harmful to individual organisms, populations and habitats. The application of non-invasive sampling methods that extract, isolate and identify nucleic acid sequences (i.e. DNA, RNA) from environmental matrices have significant potential for complementing, or even ultimately replacing, current methods of biological environmental assessment. These environmental DNA (eDNA) and environmental RNA (eRNA) techniques increase spatial and temporal acuity of monitoring, and in the case of the latter, may provide functional information regarding the health of individuals, and thus ecosystems. However, these assessments require robust analysis of factors such as the detectability and specificity of the developed assays. The presented work highlights the current and future uses of nucleic acid-based biomonitoring regimes, with a focus on fish and aquatic invertebrates and their utility for water quality, biodiversity and species-specific monitoring. These techniques are compared to traditional approaches, with a particular emphasis on the potential insights that could be provided by eRNA analysis, including the benefits of microRNAs as assay targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather D Veilleux
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Melissa D Misutka
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Faculty of Science and Technology and Athabasca River Basin Research Institute, Athabasca University, Athabasca, Alberta, Canada
| | - Chris N Glover
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Faculty of Science and Technology and Athabasca River Basin Research Institute, Athabasca University, Athabasca, Alberta, Canada
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Calatayud S, Garcia-Risco M, Pedrini-Martha V, Eernisse DJ, Dallinger R, Palacios Ò, Capdevila M, Albalat R. Modularity in Protein Evolution: Modular Organization and De Novo Domain Evolution in Mollusk Metallothioneins. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:424-436. [PMID: 32915992 PMCID: PMC7826182 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are proteins devoted to the control of metal homeostasis and detoxification, and therefore, MTs have been crucial for the adaptation of the living beings to variable situations of metal bioavailability. The evolution of MTs is, however, not yet fully understood, and to provide new insights into it, we have investigated the MTs in the diverse classes of Mollusks. We have shown that most molluskan MTs are bimodular proteins that combine six domains—α, β1, β2, β3, γ, and δ—in a lineage-specific manner. We have functionally characterized the Neritimorpha β3β1 and the Patellogastropoda γβ1 MTs, demonstrating the metal-binding capacity of the new γ domain. Our results have revealed a modular organization of mollusk MT, whose evolution has been impacted by duplication, loss, and de novo emergence of domains. MTs represent a paradigmatic example of modular evolution probably driven by the structural and functional requirements of metal binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Calatayud
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mario Garcia-Risco
- Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Veronika Pedrini-Martha
- Department of Zoology and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Douglas J Eernisse
- Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA
| | - Reinhard Dallinger
- Department of Zoology and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Òscar Palacios
- Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Mercè Capdevila
- Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Ricard Albalat
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Meng J, Wang WX, Li L, Zhang G. Accumulation of different metals in oyster Crassostrea gigas: Significance and specificity of SLC39A (ZIP) and SLC30A (ZnT) gene families and polymorphism variation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 276:116706. [PMID: 33592447 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Zrt/Irt-like proteins (ZIP, SLC39A) and zinc transporters (ZnT, SLC30A) are the two major gene families responsible for the import/export of Zn and other metals. In this study, the mRNA expression levels and genetic variations of eight ZnTs and 14 ZIPs were identified in Crassostrea gigas after exposure to Zn, Cd, Cu, Hg, and Pb. Metal exposure induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation and antioxidant enzyme expression. The expanded gene numbers of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the oysters exhibited diverse expression under exposure to the five metals, and the contrasting expressions of both ZnTs and ZIPs under different metal exposures were observed, revealing their ion-specific responses. Zn and Cu have similar transporters and induce high expression levels of ZnT1, 2, 7, and 9 and ZIP1, 3, 6, 9, 10, 11, and 14. Pb induced high expression levels of ZIP7, and 13 and ZnT5, 6, and 7, which are mainly expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Cd induced high expression levels of ZnT1, 2, and 7 and ZIP1, 6, 9, 10, 11, and 13. Hg exposure was found to have little effect on the ZIP and ZnT expression levels. Based on 3784 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the ZnTs and ZIPs, genetic association analysis for Zn accumulation was conducted on 427 oyster samples. The 38 SNPs, which were located within 12 genes, were identified to be associated with Zn content (p < 0.01), explaining the phenotypic variation from 1.61% to 3.37%. One nonsynonymous mutation and related haplotypes were identified within ZIP1, explaining 1.69% of the variation in Zn. Its high expression under Zn exposure revealed its important role in Zn transportation. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first comprehensive investigation of the transportation mechanisms of ZIPs and ZnTs under different metal exposures and the genetic effect of Zn accumulation in oysters, and provides valuable biomarkers and genetic resources to evaluate environmental metal pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Meng
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Wang
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Guofan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.
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