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Bertolatus DW, Barber LB, Martyniuk CJ, Zhen H, Collette TW, Ekman DR, Jastrow A, Rapp JL, Vajda AM. Multi-omic responses of fish exposed to complex chemical mixtures in the Shenandoah River watershed. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 902:165975. [PMID: 37536598 PMCID: PMC10592118 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate relationships between different anthropogenic impacts, contaminant occurrence, and fish health, we conducted in situ fish exposures across the Shenandoah River watershed at five sites with different land use. Exposure water was analyzed for over 500 chemical constituents, and organismal, metabolomic, and transcriptomic endpoints were measured in fathead minnows. Adverse reproductive outcomes were observed in fish exposed in the upper watershed at both wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent- and agriculture-impacted sites, including decreased gonadosomatic index and altered secondary sex characteristics. This was accompanied with increased mortality at the site most impacted by agricultural activities. Molecular biomarkers of estrogen exposure were unchanged and consistent with low or non-detectable concentrations of common estrogens, indicating that alternative mechanisms were involved in organismal adverse outcomes. Hepatic metabolomic and transcriptomic profiles were altered in a site-specific manner, consistent with variation in land use and contaminant profiles. Integrated biomarker response data were useful for evaluating mechanistic linkages between contaminants and adverse outcomes, suggesting that reproductive endocrine disruption, altered lipid processes, and immunosuppression may have been involved in these organismal impacts. This study demonstrated linkages between human-impact, contaminant occurrence, and exposure effects in the Shenandoah River watershed and showed increased risk of adverse outcomes in fathead minnows exposed to complex mixtures at sites impacted by municipal wastewater discharges and agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Bertolatus
- Adams State University, School of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math, 208 Edgemont Blvd, Alamosa, CO 81101, USA.
| | - Larry B Barber
- U.S. Geological Survey, 3215 Marine Street, Boulder, CO 80303, USA.
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida Genetics Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Huajun Zhen
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Timothy W Collette
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
| | - Drew R Ekman
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
| | - Aaron Jastrow
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 5 Laboratory Services and Applied Science Division, Chicago, IL, 60605 USA.
| | - Jennifer L Rapp
- U.S. Geological Survey, Integrated Information Dissemination Division, Decision Support Branch, 1730 East Parham Road, Richmond, VA 23228, USA.
| | - Alan M Vajda
- University of Colorado Denver, Department of Integrative Biology, CB 171, Denver, CO 80217, USA.
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2
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Olivares-Rubio HF, Salazar-Coria L, Romero-López JP, Domínguez-López ML, García-Latorre EA, Vega-López A. Fatty acid metabolism and brain mitochondrial performance of juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to the water-accommodated fraction of Maya crude oil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 197:110624. [PMID: 32302862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Crude oil and its derivatives are still the primary source of energy for humankind. However, during its transportation and treatment, spills of this resource can occur in aquatic environments. Nile tilapia is one of the most globally widespread fish species. This species is even found in brackish water due to its tolerance to salinity and pollution. In this study, the performance of brain cells (mitochondrial membrane potential [ΔΨm], calcium [Ca2+] and O2 and H2O2 levels) exposed to crude oil was assessed. In addition, fatty acid metabolism (cholesterol concentration and fatty acid synthase [FAS], acyl CoA-oxidase [AOX] and catalase [CAT] activities) in the brain, heart, liver and intestine of Nile tilapia exposed to the water-accommodated fraction (WAF) of 0.01, 0.1 or 1 g/L Maya crude oil (MCO) for 96 h were evaluated. After exposure, in brain cells, there were only increases in ROS and slight reductions in ΔΨm. Exposure to WAF of MCO induced and increased the levels of cholesterol and altered FAS and AOX activities in all examined tissues. The brain is the most susceptible organ to alterations in the activity of fatty acid metabolic enzymes and cholesterol levels relative to the heart, liver and intestine. The correlation between inhibition of the activity of CAT and AOX suggests a possible reduction in the proliferation and size of peroxisomes. Most biomarkers were significantly altered in the brains of Nile tilapia exposed to the WAF containing 1 g/L MCO in comparison to the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo F Olivares-Rubio
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco, CP 07738, Ciudad de México, México, Mexico; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ap. Postal 70-228, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Lucía Salazar-Coria
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco, CP 07738, Ciudad de México, México, Mexico; Dirección de Investigación en Transformación de Hidrocarburos, Instituto Mexicano Del Petróleo, Eje Central Lázaro Cárdenas Norte 152, San Bartolo Atepehuacan, CP 07730, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - J Pablo Romero-López
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica I, Prol Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, CP 11340, Ciudad de México, México, Mexico
| | - María Lilia Domínguez-López
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica I, Prol Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, CP 11340, Ciudad de México, México, Mexico
| | - Ethel A García-Latorre
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica I, Prol Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, CP 11340, Ciudad de México, México, Mexico
| | - Armando Vega-López
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco, CP 07738, Ciudad de México, México, Mexico.
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3
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Xie S, Zhou A, Feng Y, Zhang Y, Li J, Sun Z, Fan L, Zou J. Cytochrome P450 1A mRNA in the Gambusia affinis and Response to Several PAHs. Biochem Genet 2020; 58:551-565. [PMID: 32504241 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-020-09955-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) has been used as a specific biomarker for monitoring water contamination such as PAHs, PCBs and dioxins. In the present study, the cyp1a gene of Gambusia affinis was cloned and sequenced and their expressions under PAHs exposure were characterized. The newly identified cyp1a encodes a protein with 521 amino acids that shared 96-80% identity with other Cyprinodontiformes fishes. RT-PCR analysis revealed that the basal mRNA level of cyp1a was highly expressed in liver and intestine. The expression level of cyp1a was significantly induced by exposure to 100 μg/L 3, 4-Benzopyrene (BaP) for 5 days in the muscle, testis, brain, liver and intestine of adult male fish. Except in the testis, the induced mRNA level of cyp1a ultimately decreased after prolonging the exposure time to 25 days. As for testis, the induced mRNA level of cyp1a was maintained at a high level during the entire exposure time under 100 μg/L BaP exposure. Furthermore, the expression of cyp1a increased with exposure time under a relatively low exposure concentrations 1 μg/L. Regarding the effects of other PAHs, D(a,h)A, BbF, and BaA showed a statistically significant effect of induction on mRNA level of cyp1a in the muscle, testis, brain, liver and intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaolin Xie
- College of Marine Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiguo Zhou
- College of Marine Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongyong Feng
- College of Marine Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Junyi Li
- College of Marine Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuolin Sun
- College of Marine Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanfen Fan
- College of Marine Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Jixing Zou
- College of Marine Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
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Dar SA, Chatterjee A, Rather MA, Chetia D, Srivastava PP, Gupta S. Identification, functional characterization and expression profiling of cytochrome p450 1A (CYP1A) gene in Labeo rohita against emamectin benzoate. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 158:S0141-8130(20)33081-6. [PMID: 32437798 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The cytochrome p450 1A (CYP1A) plays vital role in detoxification of xenobiotic compounds in living organisms. In the present study, full-length CYP1A gene was sequenced from liver of Labeo rohita and mRNA expression analysis were carried out at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h (h) time points after emamectin benzoate treatment. The full-length cDNA sequence of CYP1A was 1741 bp which consist of open reading frame (ORF) of 1618 bp, 5'-untranslated region (UTR) 48 bp and 75 bp 3'-UTR respectively. ORF encodes 526 amino acids with a molecular mass a 59.05 kDa and an isoelectric point of 8.74. The subcellular localization confirmed presence of the CYP1A protein was higher in plasma membrane (45.8%), followed by the mitochondrial region (13.9%) and nuclear region (9.2%). The CYP1A protein interaction was found to intermingle more with other CYP family proteins. Analysis of tissue distribution revealed that CYP1A gene was predominantly expressed in the liver compared to other tissues kidney, gills, muscle and intestine. Furthermore, present study reveals that CYP1A mRNA level in emamectin benzoate treated group @ 20 mgkg-1 body was significantly (p < 0.05) higher compared with the control. The CYP1A mRNA expression levels were found upregulating with time and highest expression levels at 24 h. Histological examination found that emamectin benzoate treated liver revealed vacuolisation, hepatocyte infiltrations, cytoplasmic degeneration of hepatocytes compared to control. Overall, present results lay a strong basis for CYP1A is important biomarker for drug detoxification in aquatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Showkat Ahmad Dar
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, South Korea
| | - Arunava Chatterjee
- Division of Fish Nutrition, Physiology, and Biochemistry, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, India
| | - Mohd Ashraf Rather
- Division of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Fisheries, Rangil- Gandarbal (SKAUST-K), India
| | - Diganta Chetia
- Division of Fish Nutrition, Physiology, and Biochemistry, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, India
| | - Prem P Srivastava
- Division of Fish Nutrition, Physiology, and Biochemistry, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, India
| | - Subodh Gupta
- Division of Fish Nutrition, Physiology, and Biochemistry, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, India.
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5
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Sharifian S, Homaei A, Kamrani E, Etzerodt T, Patel S. New insights on the marine cytochrome P450 enzymes and their biotechnological importance. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 142:811-821. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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6
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Expression Procedure Optimization of Carassius aurantus CYP1A in Shewanella Using Plasmid Construction Strategy. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-017-0330-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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7
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Kumari K, Pathakota GB, Kumar S, Krishna G. Gene structure and comparative and phylogenetic analyses of Catla catla CYP1A full-length cDNA and its responsiveness to benzo(a)pyrene and copper sulphate at early developmental stages. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2018; 44:95-108. [PMID: 28822029 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-017-0416-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, full-length CYP1A cDNA from Catla catla (Catla) has been identified, and its real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) expression has been evaluated in different tissues, developmental stages (0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h and 5, 7 and 9 days post-fertilization) and copper sulphate and benzo(a)pyrene (BaP)-treated 5-day post-fertilization (dpf) larvae (6 to 6.5 mm). Various structural, comparative and phylogenetic analyses of the deduced amino acid sequence revealed that the identified gene of Catla belongs to the CYP1A1 subfamily. Among different tissues of Catla, the highest CYP1A expression was observed in the kidney followed by the liver, muscle, gill, intestine and brain. CYP1A mRNA expression was detected during all the larval developmental stages, including the unfertilized egg with the highest expression on 9 dpf. BaP (3.5 ppb) and copper sulphate (sublethal dose 0.516 ppm) challenge test for 96 h to Catla larvae revealed the highest CYP1A1 expression at 48 h post-challenge. CYP1A1 transcript also showed a concentration-dependent increase in expression following exposure at 1.75 and 3.5 ppb of BaP for 48 h. Its expression profiling indicates that it is functional at early developmental stages. It can also be used to develop a specific biomarker tool for monitoring environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Kumari
- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, 700120, India
- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | | | - Shivendra Kumar
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa 848125, Samastipur, Bihar, India.
| | - Gopal Krishna
- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400061, India
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8
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Rhee JS, Kim BM, Lee BY, Hwang UK, Lee YS, Lee JS. Cloning of circadian rhythmic pathway genes and perturbation of oscillation patterns in endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs)-exposed mangrove killifish Kryptolebias marmoratus. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 164:11-20. [PMID: 24726801 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on the circadian rhythm pathway, we cloned clock and circadian rhythmic pathway-associated genes (e.g. Per2, Cry1, Cry2, and BMAL1) in the self-fertilizing mangrove killifish Kryptolebias marmoratus. The promoter region of Km-clock had 1 aryl hydrocarbon receptor element (AhRE, GTGCGTGACA) and 8 estrogen receptor (ER) half-sites, indicating that the AhRE and ER half sites would likely be associated with regulation of clock protein activity during EDCs-induced cellular stress. The Km-clock protein domains (bHLH, PAS1, PAS2) were highly conserved in five additional fish species (zebrafish, Japanese medaka, Southern platyfish, Nile tilapia, and spotted green pufferfish), suggesting that the fish clock protein may play an important role in controlling endogenous circadian rhythms. The promoter regions of Km-BMAL1, -Cry1, -Cry2, and -Per2 were found to contain several xenobiotic response elements (XREs), indicating that EDCs may be able to alter the expression of these genes. To analyze the endogenous circadian rhythm in K. marmoratus, we measured expression of Km-clock and other circadian rhythmic genes (e.g. Per2, Cry1, Cry2, and BMAL1) in different tissues, and found ubiquitous expression, although there were different patterns of transcript amplification during different developmental stages. In an estrogen (E2)-exposed group, Km-clock expression was down-regulated, however, a hydroxytamoxifen (TMX, nonsteroid estrogen antagonist)-exposed group showed an upregulated pattern of Km-clock expression, suggesting that the expression of Km-clock is closely associated with exposure to EDCs. In response to the exposure of bisphenol A (BPA) and 4-tert-octyphenol (OP), Km-clock expression was down-regulated in the pituitary/brain, muscle, and skin in both gender types (hermaphrodite and secondary male). In juvenile K. marmoratus liver tissue, expression of Km-clock and other circadian rhythmic pathway-associated genes showed a regular oscillation pattern over a period of approximately 24h during a 12L:12D cycle. However, the circadian rhythm of BPA-exposed juvenile K. marmoratus liver tissue was perturbed over a 12L:12D period. This study will aid in our understanding of how EDCs perturb endogenous circadian rhythms, particularly in BPA-exposed fish liver tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sung Rhee
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, South Korea
| | - Bo-Mi Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Bo-Young Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Un-Ki Hwang
- Marine Ecological Risk Assessment Center, West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, Incheon 400-420, South Korea
| | - Yong Sung Lee
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea.
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Yuan L, Lv B, Zha J, Wang Z, Wang W, Li W, Zhu L. New cytochrome P450 1B1, 1C1, 2Aa, 2Y3, and 2K genes from Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus): Molecular characterization, basal expression and response of rare minnow CYP1s and CYP2s mRNA exposed to the AHR agonist benzo[a]pyrene. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:209-216. [PMID: 23711412 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) genes play an important role in catalyzing oxidative metabolism of toxicants. Recently, CYP1 subfamily were discovered and reported in fish, however, little is known regarding the CYP2 isoforms in fish. In the present study, the cDNA fragments of CYP 1B1 and 1C1 and CYP2Aa, 2Y3, and 2K of rare minnow were cloned and exhibited a high amino acid sequence identity compared with their zebrafish orthologs. Basal expression showed CYP1C1 and CYP 2Aa expression were observed in all eight tissues analyzed (liver, gill, intestine, kidney, spleen, brain, skin, and muscle). CYP 1A, and 1B1 expression was found in all tissues except for muscle and skin. However, CYP 2Y3 was expressed in liver, spleen, intestine and muscle whereas CYP 2K in liver, kidney and intestine. 4 and 100μgL(-1) Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) induced patterns showed that CYP 1A, 1B1 and 1C1 expression in liver, gill, and intestine was strongly up-regulated (p<0.05). Furthermore, CYP 2Y3 was strongly induced in liver from BaP treatments (p<0.05). The high induction on mRNA level of CYP1s and CYP 2Y3 by BaP could be associated with catalyzing detoxification and indicated that CYP2s may also be potential biomarker to screen AHR agonist. The high responsiveness of CYP1 and 2 genes suggested Chinese rare minnow is feasible to screen and assess pollution with AHR agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilai Yuan
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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10
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Kim RO, Kim BM, Hwang DS, Au DWT, Jung JH, Shim WJ, Leung KMY, Wu RSS, Rhee JS, Lee JS. Evaluation of biomarker potential of cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) gene in the marine medaka, Oryzias melastigma exposed to water-accommodated fractions (WAFs) of Iranian crude oil. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2013. [PMID: 23178197 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CYP1A is involved in the metabolism of diverse chemicals, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and alkylated-PAHs, as a first line of detoxification mechanism. First, we identified and characterized the CYP1A gene from the marine medaka, Oryzias melastigma. O. melastigma CYP1A (Om-CYP1A) showed a high similarity of motifs/domains compared to those of vertebrates in their amino acid sequences. To check whether the Om-CYP1A would be inducible, we tested two strong CYP1A inducers, β-naphthoflavone (β-NF) and benzo[α]pyrene (B[α]P), and observed concentration-dependent transient expression on transcripts of Om-CYP1A for 96 h over a wide range of concentrations. Om-CYP1A mRNA level was significantly increased in exposure to different concentrations of β-NF and B[α]P, and its expression was highly transcribed within 12 h upon the exposure to low concentrations of both chemicals. Inducible transcript profiles revealed that Om-CYP1A would be associated with the toxicant metabolism via AhREs/DREs/XREs in its promoter region. To uncover the effects of the water-accommodated fraction (WAF) of crude oil on transcripts of Om-CYP1A, we measured mRNA expression of Om-CYP1A towards different concentrations of WAF for 24h. As a result, WAF exposure significantly increased Om-CYP1A transcripts at all concentrations as well as during time-course experiments for 96 h. In this paper, we demonstrated that WAF would trigger up-regulation of the CYP1A gene that would be associated with the initiation of the cellular defense systems. This finding provides a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of cellular protection particularly that involved in the WAF-mediated cellular response in O. melastigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryeo-Ok Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
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11
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Uno T, Ishizuka M, Itakura T. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) in fish. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 34:1-13. [PMID: 22418068 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are members of the hemoprotein superfamily, and are involved in the mono-oxygenation reactions of a wide range of endogenous and exogenous compounds in mammals and plants. Characterization of CYP genes in fish has been carried out intensively over the last 20 years. In Japanese pufferfish (Takifugu rubripes), 54 genes encoding P450s have been identified. Across all species of fish, 137 genes encoding P450s have been identified. These genes are classified into 18 CYP families: namely, CYP1, CYP2, CYP3, CYP4, CYP5, CYP7, CYP8, CYP11, CYP17, CYP19, CYP20, CYP21, CYP24, CYP26, CYP27, CYP39, CYP46 and CYP51.We pinpointed eight CYP families: namely, CYP1, CYP2, CYP3, CYP4, CYP11, CYP17, CYP19 and CYP26 in this review because these CYP families are studied in detail. Studies of fish P450s have provided insights into the regulation of P450 genes by environmental stresses including water pollution. In this review, we present an overview of the CYP families in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohide Uno
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Kobe University, Nada-ku Hyogo, Japan.
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12
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Rhee JS, Kim BM, Kim RO, Choi BS, Choi IY, Lee YM, Lee JS. Analysis of expressed sequence tags from the liver and ovary of the euryhaline hermaphroditic fish, Kryptolebias marmoratus. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2011; 6:244-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2011.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Revised: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Fu GH, Yang XL, Zhang HX, Yu WJ, Hu K. Effects of cytochrome P450 1A substrate (difloxacin) on enzyme gene expression and pharmacokinetics in crucian carp (hybridized Prussian carp). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2011; 31:307-313. [PMID: 21787699 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2010.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) play a prominent role in drug metabolism and biotransformation which are distributed in liver of aquatic animals. However, limited information is available about CYP genes involved in drug metabolism in fish. In the present study, we explore CYP1A characterization for DIF metabolism. Firstly, we cloned and characterized the full-length cDNA sequence of a CYP1A gene from crucian carp (hybridized Prussian carp), the predicted protein sequence for CYP1A comprise 496 amino acids. The heme-binding region of the CYP1A, encompassing the amino acid sequence GLGKRRCIG, which is identical to the same region of other homologues. Secondly, we studied the difloxacin (DIF) kinetics and the effects of DIF on their corresponding CYP1A mRNA levels in liver of crucian carp. CYP1A1 mRNA expression was analyzed by real-time PCR, and DIF concentration was determined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Results showed that the concentration of DIF in liver reached its peak (67.70 mg kg(-1)) at 0.5h, while the CYP1A1 gene expression was at the lowest point. CYP1A mRNA was down-regulated by 6.5 mg ml(-1) DIF in the liver of crucian carp. Thus, our work confirmed that DIF is both the substrate and inhibitor of CYP1A. The information provided a model for the potential utility of gene expression analysis and drug metabolization in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui Hong Fu
- National Center for Aquatic Pathogen Collection, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Hucheng Huan Road, Shanghai 201306, China
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Rhee JS, Raisuddin S, Hwang DS, Lee KW, Kim IC, Lee JS. Differential expression of metallothionein (MT) gene by trace metals and endocrine-disrupting chemicals in the hermaphroditic mangrove killifish, Kryptolebias marmoratus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2009; 72:206-212. [PMID: 18687470 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2008.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2008] [Revised: 06/03/2008] [Accepted: 06/15/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Metallothionein (MT) gene expression was studied in different tissues, development stages and gender types of the mangrove killifish (Kryptolebias marmoratus). MT expression was also studied in a time-series experiment after exposure to trace metals and endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). The brain showed the highest level of MT transcripts. Although all the development stage showed some level of MT expression, the adult hermaphrodites showed the highest expression which was significantly higher than the secondary males. In the trace metal-exposed fish, cadmium caused the strongest induction of MT. However, other trace metals such as copper and zinc also caused MT gene induction. All the EDCs suppressed the expression of MT gene, and the effect of EDCs were not gender-specific. K. marmoratus has previously shown its suitability as a model species for toxicity studies and cancer research. This study demonstrated utility of MT as biomarker in K. marmoratus. However, confounding factors such as age, gender, and tissue types appear to influence the MT expression. Response of trace and organic pollutants such as EDCs also varied greatly. These observations suggest that MT would be a specific biomarker of trace metal exposure in K. marmoratus and expression would be influenced by intrinsic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sung Rhee
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Bioscience, Graduate School, Hanyang University, Seoul 133 791, South Korea
| | - Sheikh Raisuddin
- National Research Laboratory of Marine Molecular and Environmental Bioscience, Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133 791, South Korea
| | - Dae-Sik Hwang
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Bioscience, Graduate School, Hanyang University, Seoul 133 791, South Korea
| | - Kyun-Woo Lee
- National Research Laboratory of Marine Molecular and Environmental Bioscience, Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133 791, South Korea
| | - Il-Chan Kim
- Polar BioCenter, Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute, Incheon 406 840, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- National Research Laboratory of Marine Molecular and Environmental Bioscience, Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133 791, South Korea.
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15
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Liu Y, Wang J, Wei Y, Zhang H, Liu Y, Dai J. Molecular characterization of cytochrome P450 1A and 3A and the effects of perfluorooctanoic acid on their mRNA levels in rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) gills. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2008; 88:183-190. [PMID: 18508136 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2008.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2008] [Revised: 03/31/2008] [Accepted: 04/11/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a potentially toxic perfluorinated compound (PFC), has been widely disseminated in the environment. In the present study, rare minnows (Gobiocypris rarus) exposed to PFOA exhibited histopathological gill damage, including epithelial hyperplasia of the lamellae, inflammatory cell infiltration, and lamellar fusion. Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) play a central role in the metabolism and biotransformation of a wide range of endogenous substrates and foreign compounds. Thus, we studied the CYPs and the effects of waterborne PFOA on their corresponding mRNA levels in the gills of rare minnows. Two novel CYP cDNAs (CYP1A and CYP3A) were identified in rare minnow and their mRNAs were ubiquitously expressed in all tissues examined. Upregulation of CYP3A mRNA was observed in the gills of male rare minnows exposed to 30mg/L PFOA, while no significant changes occurred in exposed females. In contrast, down regulation of CYP1A mRNA was detected in the gills of male and female minnows exposed to PFOA. However, the effect of PFOA on gill mRNA levels of their potential regulators, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) for CYP1A, and pregnane X receptor (PXR) for CYP3A, were not consistent with the observed effects of PFOA on the corresponding CYP mRNA concentrations. This suggests a different or more complex transcriptional regulation of CYP expression following PFOA exposure.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Caprylates/pharmacology
- Cyprinidae/genetics
- Cyprinidae/metabolism
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1/biosynthesis
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1/genetics
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1/metabolism
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A/biosynthesis
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A/genetics
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A/metabolism
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/isolation & purification
- Female
- Fluorocarbons/pharmacology
- Gills/drug effects
- Gills/enzymology
- Gills/pathology
- Male
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Pregnane X Receptor
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Random Allocation
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/genetics
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/metabolism
- Receptors, Steroid/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Steroid/genetics
- Receptors, Steroid/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sequence Alignment
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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16
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Kim JH, Hwang DS, Son KH, Raisuddin S, Ki JS, Lee JS, Han KN. cDNA cloning and expression of a xenobiotic metabolizing cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) from the yellow catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco (Siluriformes). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2008; 23:346-353. [PMID: 18214900 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We cloned the full-length cDNA sequence of xenobiotic metabolizing cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) gene from the yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, Siluriformes, Bagridae). P. fulvidraco is a commercially important fish generally distributed in Southeast Asian countries and Korea. This is the first report of any xenobiotic metabolizing gene from this fish species. Tissue distribution of CYP1A was studied by real-time PCR. Induction pattern of CYP1A was studied by exposing fish to beta-naphthoflavone (BNF). Liver showed the highest level of expression in control as well as BNF-treated fish. However, high levels of expression were also recorded in brain, intestine, and kidney and the least in the muscles. Information on CYP genes in fish from order Siluriformes is limited as compared with other fish orders. This study provides an insight into the xenobiotic metabolizing system of P. fulvidraco and offers baseline information for further research related to biomarker use of CYP1A and detoxification strategies of this commercially important fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hyoung Kim
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, South Korea
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17
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Kim JH, Wang SY, Kim IC, Ki JS, Raisuddin S, Lee JS, Han KN. Cloning of a river pufferfish (Takifugu obscurus) metallothionein cDNA and study of its induction profile in cadmium-exposed fish. CHEMOSPHERE 2008; 71:1251-1259. [PMID: 18272201 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2007] [Revised: 11/05/2007] [Accepted: 11/30/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We report here the full-length cDNA sequence of metallothionein (MT) gene from an anadromous river pufferfish, Takifugu obscurus (order: Tetradotiformes; family: Tetradontidae). Phylogenetic relationship analysis revealed that the identified MT has high sequence similarity with many Perciformes fish species. The tissue distribution and concentration- and time-dependent expression of MT mRNA were studied in fish exposed to cadmium. Liver showed the highest level of MT gene expression followed by other tissues (brain, gill and kidney) in response to cadmium exposure. Muscle showed a weak expression response of MT gene. Time-course study revealed highest early phase (at 6h) expression in the brain and late persistence of induction in the intestine. MT mRNA expression showed a concentration-dependent expression in all the tissues. However, induction in brain and liver occurred at much lower concentrations as compared to other tissues. Our results demonstrate that MT in T. obscurus is induced by cadmium exposure which indicates that it plays a functionally conserved function of metal detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hyoung Kim
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, South Korea
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18
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Rhee JS, Seo JS, Raisuddin S, Ki JS, Lee KW, Kim IC, Yoon YD, Lee JS. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) gene expression is differently modulated in gender types of the hermaphroditic fish Kryptolebias marmoratus by endocrine disrupting chemicals. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2008; 147:357-65. [PMID: 18280221 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2008.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2007] [Revised: 12/10/2007] [Accepted: 01/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of reproduction in vertebrates through interaction with a specific receptor. The GnRH-stimulated gonadotropin synthesis and release are regulated by the GnRH receptors (GnRHRs). In this study, we have identified a GnRH receptor (GnRHR) gene from the hermaphroditic fish Kryptolebias marmoratus. K. marmoratus GnRHR showed typical vertebrate GnRHR domains and motifs, and its cDNA contained 1634 bp including an open reading frame (ORF) of 1263 bp encoding a putative protein of 420 amino acids. To analyze expression patterns of GnRHR gene in various tissues and developmental stages of K. marmoratus, we carried out quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The K. marmoratus GnRHR gene expression was detected in all the tissues of adult fish with highest level in brain and gonad. The expression of K. marmoratus GnRHR mRNA increased from stage 1 (2 day post fertilization, dpf) to stage 4 (12 dpf) but steeply decreased at hatching stage (stage 5). Expression of K. marmoratus GnRHR after exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals such bisphenol A (BPA, 600 microg/L for 96 h) and 4-tert-octylphenol (OP, 300 microg/L for 96 h) in hermaphrodites as well as secondary males was highly up-regulated in almost all the tissues. Another EDC, 4-nonylphenol (NP, 300 microg/L for 96 h) showed no consistent response. 17beta-estrodiol (E2, 100 ng/L for 96 h), a known natural estrogen, suppressed expression of GnRHR in most of the tissues from hermaphrodites as well as secondary males. Tamoxifen (TMX, 10 microg/L), an estrogen antagonist, on the other hand, caused upregulation of GnRHR expression in the liver of hermaphrodites and the gonad and liver of secondary males. This is the first report of a GnRHR gene from K. marmoratus and modulation of its expression by EDCs. This study provides an insight into the molecular mechanism of endocrinological functions of this unique fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sung Rhee
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Bioscience, Graduate School, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
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19
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Kim JH, Raisuddin S, Ki JS, Lee JS, Han KN. Molecular cloning and beta-naphthoflavone-induced expression of a cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) gene from an anadromous river pufferfish, Takifugu obscurus. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2008; 57:433-440. [PMID: 18304588 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2007] [Accepted: 01/05/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a decline in the wild populations of river pufferfish, Takifugu obscurus. Besides overexploitation for commercial purposes, environmental pollution is believed to have contributed to its decline. However, almost no information exists about genes involved in metabolism of xenobiotics by this species. Nevertheless, there is interest in fugu fishes, since they possess the smallest genome among vertebrates. We cloned and characterized the full-length cDNA sequence of a cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) gene from T. obscurus. Phylogenic relationship of T. obscurus CYP1A was also compared to other fish species. The tissue distribution and time-dependant induction of CYP1A mRNA were studied by real-time PCR in T. obscurus exposed to an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) agonist, beta-naphthoflavone (BNF). The greatest basal expression in livers of control as well as BNF-treated individuals. However, brain, gill, gonad, intestine, and kidney also expressed CYP1A. Muscles expressed the least CYP1A. The results of the time-course study revealed induction in brain and gills after 6h and at 12h in most tissues. Except for gills, all other organs retained induced expression of CYP1A mRNA up to 96h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hyoung Kim
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, South Korea
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20
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Lee YM, Seo JS, Jung SO, Kim IC, Lee JS. Molecular cloning and characterization of θ-class glutathione S-transferase (GST-T) from the hermaphroditic fish Rivulus marmoratus and biochemical comparisons with α-class glutathione S-transferase (GST-A). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 346:1053-61. [PMID: 16782055 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2006] [Accepted: 06/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We cloned and sequenced full-length cDNA of a theta-class-like glutathione S-transferase (GST-T) from liver tissue of the self-fertilizing fish Rivulus marmoratus. The full-length cDNA of rm-GST-T was 907 bp in length containing an open reading frame of 666 bp that encoded a 221-amino acid putative protein. Its derived amino acid sequence was clustered with other vertebrate theta-class GSTs in a phylogenetic tree. The deduced amino acid sequence of theta-like rm-GST (rm-GST-T) was compared with both classes (alpha and theta) of GST and alpha-class rm-GST (rm-GST-A). Tissue-specific expression of two rm-GST mRNAs was investigated using real-time RT-PCR. To further characterize the catalytic properties of this enzyme along with rm-GST-A, we constructed the recombinant theta-like rm-GST plasmid with a 6 x His-Tag at the N-terminal of rm-GST-T cDNA. Recombinant rm-GST-T was highly expressed in transformed Escherichia coli, and its soluble fraction was purified by His-Tag affinity column chromatography. The kinetic properties and effects of pH and temperature on rm-GST-T were further studied, along with enzyme activity and inhibition effects, and compared with recombinant rm-GST-A. These results suggest that recombinant rm-GSTs such as rm-GST-A and rm-GST-T play a conserved functional role in R. marmoratus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Mi Lee
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Bioscience, and the National Research Laboratory of Marine Molecular and Environmental Bioscience, Graduate School, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
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21
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Seo JS, Lee YM, Jung SO, Kim IC, Yoon YD, Lee JS. Nonylphenol modulates expression of androgen receptor and estrogen receptor genes differently in gender types of the hermaphroditic fish Rivulus marmoratus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 346:213-23. [PMID: 16759644 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.05.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2006] [Accepted: 05/17/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
To uncover the effect of estrogenic chemicals [4-nonylphenol (NP) and bisphenol A (BisA)] on the expression of androgen receptor (AR) and estrogen receptors (ERalpha and ERbeta) in the hermaphroditic fish Rivulus marmoratus, we cloned the full length of the cDNAs encoding AR, ERalpha, and ERbeta from gonadal tissue of R. marmoratus and analyzed the modulation of expression of these genes following exposure to estrogenic chemicals using real-time RT-PCR. R. marmoratus AR, ERalpha, and ERbeta genes showed a high similarity to the relevant fish species on amino acid residues, respectively. Rm-ERalpha and Rm-ERbeta cDNAs included a serine-rich region when compared to other teleost fish ER genes. Tissue-specific expression of Rm-AR and Rm-ERbeta mRNAs in adult hermaphrodite R. marmoratus was high in the gonad, while Rm-ERalpha mRNA was high in the liver based on real-time RT-PCR. In addition, Rm-AR and Rm-ERalpha mRNAs increased along with developmental stage from stage 3 (5 dpf) to hatching, while Rm-ERbeta mRNA increased from stage 2 (2 dpf). To uncover the effect of estrogenic chemicals on R. marmoratus, we exposed the fish to NP (300 microg/l) and BisA (600 microg/l) for 96 h. Significant down-regulation of Rm-AR, Rm-ERalpha, and Rm-ERbeta mRNA was observed in gonadal tissue after exposure to NP but not BisA. In the liver, there were gender differences in gene expression after EDC exposure. These results demonstrate that expression patterns of the Rm-AR, Rm-ERalpha, and Rm-ERbeta genes in the hermaphroditic fish, R. marmoratus, vary according to tissue and developmental stage as well as the specificity of environmental estrogenic chemicals. These genes can be useful as molecular biomarkers in assessing the potential impact of estrogenic compounds using this species as a model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Soo Seo
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Bioscience, The National Research Lab of Marine Molecular and Environmental Bioscience, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
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22
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Kim IC, Lee YM, Lee C, Kim HM, Oda S, Lee YS, Mitani H, Lee JS. Expression profiles of 4-nonylphenol-exposed medaka (Oryzias latipes) analyzed with a 3.4 K microarray. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2006; 62 Suppl:S141-6. [PMID: 16725194 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2006.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Changes in gene expression in liver of medaka in response to 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) were investigated with a microarray consisting of 3.4 K medaka-specific cDNA probes. Upon exposure to 4-NP at two different concentrations (20 and 100 microg/L) for 24 h, we found 44 different genes that were up- or downregulated with statistically significant changes. Digestive enzyme genes were downregulated but vitellogenin, choriogenin and novel biomarker genes were upregulated. Additionally an analysis of the changes of gene expression with respect to time was conducted at 100 microg/L of 4-NP with samples at 0, 24, 48 and 96 h. The expression of 75 genes was altered and these were categorized into four different clusters. The validity of the results was checked by semi-quantitative PCR with 12 representative genes and this confirmed the microarray data. Therefore, we suggest that this medaka 3.4 K chip would be useful in generating gene expression profiles for studies of ecotoxicogenomics in medaka.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Chan Kim
- Polar BioCenter, Korea Polar Research Institute, Korean Ocean Research & Development Institute, Ansan 426-744, South Korea
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Lee YM, Seo JS, Kim IC, Yoon YD, Lee JS. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (bisphenol A, 4-nonylphenol, 4-tert-octylphenol) modulate expression of two distinct cytochrome P450 aromatase genes differently in gender types of the hermaphroditic fish Rivulus marmoratus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 345:894-903. [PMID: 16707107 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.04.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2006] [Accepted: 04/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To understand the effect of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on cytochrome P450 aromatase (rm-cyp19) gene expression between gender types in the hermaphroditic fish Rivulus marmoratus, we cloned two distinct rm-cyp19 genes using RT-PCR with degenerative primers, obtained full-length cDNAs using 5'- and 3'-RACE-PCR methods, and completely sequenced them. The brain aromatase (rm-cyp19b) cDNA consisted of 2,124 bp including the open reading frame (ORF), which encoded a putative protein of 505 amino acids. The ovarian aromatase (rm-cyp19a) cDNA consisted of 2,075 bp, including the ORF encoding a putative protein of 516 amino acids. Expression patterns of rm-cyp19b and rm-cyp19a mRNAs were investigated in embryos of different developmental stages and in seven different tissues of adult fish. The rm-cyp19b gene in hermaphrodite and secondary male R. marmoratus was predominantly expressed in the brain, while the rm-cyp19a gene was expressed gender-specifically in the gonad. The expression of rm-cyp19b mRNA increased from stage 1 (2 d post fertilization) to stage 4 (12 d post fertilization) in a developmental stage-dependent manner but steeply decreased in the hatching stage. Compared to the rm-cyp19b gene, the abundance of ovarian aromatase rm-cyp19a transcripts was very low, and its expression was first detected at stage 3 and then decreased gradually to the hatching stage. Alteration of rm-cyp19b and rm-cyp19a gene expression was further analyzed in the brain and gonad by real-time RT-PCR 96 h after EDC exposure in hermaphrodites and secondary males. The brain aromatase rm-cyp19b gene was up-regulated in the brain after 4-nonylphenol (4-NP)-exposure, while the ovarian aromatase rm-cyp19a gene was significantly down-regulated in the gonad. In 300 microg/L 4-tert octylphenol (4-tert-OP), or 600 microg/L bisphenol A-exposed brain and gonad, both rm-cyp19b and rm-cyp19a genes were up-regulated. In the case of secondary males, the rm-cyp19b gene was highly expressed in the 4-NP-exposed brain, while expression of the rm-cyp19a gene was not detected in the gonad. These results indicate that the expression of rm-cyp19a and rm-cyp19b genes is differently modulated according to estrogenic compounds and gender type of R. marmoratus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Mi Lee
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Bioscience, and The National Research Lab for Marine Molecular and Environmental Bioscience, Graduate School, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
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Lee YM, Chang SY, Jung SO, Kweon HS, Lee JS. Cloning and expression of alpha class glutathione S-transferase gene from the small hermaphroditic fish Rivulus marmoratus (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2005; 51:776-83. [PMID: 16081109 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In order to assess its potential as a biomarker of aquatic pollution, an alpha class glutathione S-transferase gene (GSTalpha gene) was cloned from the small hermaphroditic fish Rivulus marmoratus. The R. marmoratus GSTalpha gene spanned 1.3 kb, consisting of 6 exons encoding 221 amino acid residues. It showed high similarity to zebrafish GST. We named this R. marmoratus GSTalpha gene as rm-GSTalpha. The cDNA of the rm-GSTalpha gene was also investigated for its phylogeny, tissue-specific and chemical-induced expression. Rm-GSTalpha was subcloned into a 6 x His-tagged pCRT7 TOPO TA expression vector to produce the recombinant 6 x His-tagged rm-GST protein. This will be used in future to raise an rm-GSTalpha antibody for use in the study of phase II metabolism involved in detoxification. We also exposed R. marmoratus to 300 microg/l of 4-nonylphenol in water, and found approximately 4-fold induction of R. marmoratus GSTalpha mRNA in the treated animals. In this paper, we discuss the characteristics of the R. marmoratus GSTalpha gene as well as its potential use in relation to environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Mi Lee
- Department of Environmental Science, Graduate School, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
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