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Güzel B, Canlı O, Aslan E. Spatial distribution, source identification and ecological risk assessment of POPs and heavy metals in lake sediments of Istanbul, Turkey. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 175:113172. [PMID: 34844748 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Istanbul needs to be protected and constantly monitored water resources due to its increasing population and the decrease in precipitation. This study aims to comprehensively reveal surface sediments collected from reservoirs that supply water to Istanbul concerning POPs (PAHs, PCBs, and OCPs) and heavy metals; to identify possible sources of PAHs, and conduct their ecological risk assessment. Pollution indices in this study were used as contamination degree (CD) contamination factor (CF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), pollution load index (PLI) and Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs). Total PAH concentrations of surface sediments at the sampling points ranged from 46.29 ng/g (A7) to 403.9 ng/g (A15). Benzo(b)fluoranthene (5.647-59.42 ng/g), Pyrene (3.625-83.10 ng/g), Fluoranthene (3.363-66.48 ng/g), Phenanthrene (3.115-52.48 ng/g), Chrysene (3.532-43.98 ng/g), Naphthalene (6.606-36.20 ng/g), Benzo(g,h,i)perylene (3.316-41.73 ng/g) and Indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene (3.453-38.84 ng/g) are the dominant PAH compounds. PAH pollution may be caused by the village-town settlements near the dam and the O7-D020 highway. Total OCP concentration ranged from 2.233 ng/g (A12) to 7.337 ng/g (A1), while total PCB concentration ranged from 0.246 ng/g (A13) to 3.708 ng/g (A1). The lowest total OCP and PCB concentrations were found in surface sediments taken from Kazandere, Papuçdere and Alibey Dam lakes. DDT p,p (0.072-5.177 ng/g) has the highest concentration among all sediment samples. While the most dominant OCP compounds in the samples were DDT p,p, DDE p,p and DDD p,p, HCH alpha, HCH beta, respectively, PCB 153, 138 and 180 were the highest detected PCB congeners in the same samples. Total heavy metal concentration varied from 77,812 mg/kg to 267,072 mg/kg. According to PAH diagnostic analysis, the surface sediments of Terkos, Büyükçekmece, Elmalı, Darlık, Sazlıdere, Alibey and Ömerli Dams were polluted by petrogenic sources, while the surface sediments of Kazandere and Papuçdere Dams were affected by pyrogenic sources. None of the levels of POPs in the samples exceeded the ERM values. Slight and moderate contamination of heavy metals, such as Pb and Zn, were present in most of the sampling points according to CD, CF, PLI and Igeo values. The quality criteria of heavy metals showed that almost all of the sampling points had Cd, Pb and Hg concentrations below the ERL values. The Ni concentrations at most of the sampling points significantly exceeded the ERM values. The concentrations of As, Cr, Cu and especially Ni and Zn exhibit a significant toxic risk to aquatic organisms to sediment quality criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barış Güzel
- Environment and Cleaner Production Institute, TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, 41470 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Oltan Canlı
- Environment and Cleaner Production Institute, TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, 41470 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Ertuğrul Aslan
- Environment and Cleaner Production Institute, TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, 41470 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
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Olisah C, Adams JB, Rubidge G. The state of persistent organic pollutants in South African estuaries: A review of environmental exposure and sources. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 219:112316. [PMID: 33993093 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The long-term health of many South African estuaries is impacted by pollutants entering these systems through industrial and agricultural runoff, sewage outfalls, contaminated storm water drainage, flows from informal settlements, and plastic materials in marine debris. Uncontrolled inputs combined with poor environmental management often result in elevated levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in affected estuaries. Data on POPs research from 1960 to 2020 were analysed in terms of their sources, environmental investigations, and health implications. The outcome showed polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and per- and poly-fluoroalkyl sulphonates (PFASs) to exceed the US EPA health advisory levels for drinking water. Concentration of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in water were below the WHO limits, while those in fish tissues from most estuaries were found to be below the US FDA limits. Although environmental compartments in some estuaries (e.g. Rooiels and uMngeni estuaries) seem to be less contaminated relative to other marine systems around the world, many others were polluted and critically modified (e.g. Durban Bay, Swartkops, Sundays, and Buffalo systems). Due to inconsistent monitoring methods coupled with limited data availability, temporal trends were unclear. Of the 290 estuaries in South Africa, 65 were prioritised and recommended for POPs evaluation based on their pollution sources, and a monitoring strategy was defined in terms of sampling. Government policies to curb marine pollution need to be enforced to prevent chronic contamination that leads to water quality deterioration and loss of ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chijioke Olisah
- Department of Botany and the Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa; DSI/NRF Research Chair in Shallow Water Ecosystem, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa.
| | - Janine B Adams
- Department of Botany and the Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa; DSI/NRF Research Chair in Shallow Water Ecosystem, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa
| | - Gletwyn Rubidge
- Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa
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Rodgers K, McLellan I, Peshkur T, Williams R, Tonner R, Knapp CW, Henriquez FL, Hursthouse AS. The legacy of industrial pollution in estuarine sediments: spatial and temporal variability implications for ecosystem stress. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2020; 42:1057-1068. [PMID: 31119572 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-018-0791-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The direct impacts of anthropogenic pollution are widely known public and environmental health concerns, and details on the indirect impact of these are starting to emerge, for example affecting the environmental microbiome. Anthropogenic activities throughout history with associated pollution burdens are notable contributors. Focusing on the historically heavily industrialised River Clyde, Scotland, we investigate spatial and temporal contributions to stressful/hostile environments using a geochemical framework, e.g. pH, EC, total organic carbon and potentially toxic elements: As, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn and enrichment indicators. With regular breaches of the sediment quality standards in the estuarine system we focused on PTE correlations instead. Multivariate statistical analysis (principle component analysis) identifies two dominant components, PC1: As, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn, as well as PC2: Ni, Co and total organic carbon. Our assessment confirms hot spots in the Clyde Estuary indicative of localised inputs. In addition, there are sites with high variability indicative of excessive mixing. We demonstrate that industrialised areas are dynamic environmental sites dependant on historical anthropogenic activity with short-scale variation. This work supports the development of 'contamination' mapping to enable an assessment of the impact of historical anthropogenic pollution, identifying specific 'stressors' that can impact the microbiome, neglecting in estuarine recovery dynamics and potentially supporting the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiri Rodgers
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, PA1 2BE, UK.
- School of Computing, Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, PA1 2BE, UK.
| | - Iain McLellan
- School of Computing, Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, PA1 2BE, UK
| | - Tatyana Peshkur
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Centre for Water, Environmental, Sustainability and Public Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XQ, UK
| | - Roderick Williams
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, PA1 2BE, UK
| | - Rebecca Tonner
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Centre for Water, Environmental, Sustainability and Public Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XQ, UK
| | - Charles W Knapp
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Centre for Water, Environmental, Sustainability and Public Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XQ, UK
| | - Fiona L Henriquez
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, PA1 2BE, UK
| | - Andrew S Hursthouse
- School of Computing, Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, PA1 2BE, UK
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Han B, Zheng L, Lin F. Risk assessment and source apportionment of PAHs in surface sediments from Caofeidian Long Island, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 145:42-46. [PMID: 31590806 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sediment samples were collected from Caofeidian Long Island, China to investigate the contamination level and distribution pattern of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Source identification and risk assessment were also performed on these PAHs. The distribution patterns and source identification results indicated that the PAHs in the survey area originated from coal, biomass, and petroleum combustion as well as the combination of these three processes. Although the concentration of fluorene in the sediment exceeded the ERL level in some sampling sites, the effect range low-effect range median ratio implied a relatively low level of toxicity in these sediments. Meanwhile, the mean effects range-median quotient indicated that the 16 PAHs in sediments from Caofeidian Long Island pose a low ecological risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Han
- Key laboratory for Marine bioactive substances and modern analytical Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Li Zheng
- Key laboratory for Marine bioactive substances and modern analytical Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Faxiang Lin
- Key laboratory for Marine bioactive substances and modern analytical Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
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McKinley K, McLellan I, Gagné F, Quinn B. The toxicity of potentially toxic elements (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn and Ni) to the cnidarian Hydra attenuata at environmentally relevant concentrations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 665:848-854. [PMID: 30790757 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The domestic, agricultural, industrial, technological and medical applications of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) have led to global pollution in all environments. In this study, the cnidarian Hydra attenuata was exposed individually and to a mixture of 5 metals (copper, iron, manganese, zinc and nickel) at environmentally relevant concentrations (1×) within the Clyde estuary, Scotland and incremental concentrations ranging from 0.0001× to 1000×. Toxicity was investigated using morphology, attachment, hydranth number and feeding behaviour as endpoints. When exposed individually, Cu, Mn and Fe significantly reduced Hydra morphology, feeding and attachment at environmentally relevant concentrations. Hydra mortality was measured, having an LC50 of 0.045× (for the environmentally relevant mixture of metals) and Cu 0.5 mg/l, Fe 3 mg/l, Mn 2 mg/l, Zn 0.1 mg/l, Ni 0.5 mg/l for each element exposed individually. The PTE mixture incurred a significant decrease (p ≤ 0.05) in morphology at 0.0001×, with 100% mortality at 0.1× (containing a concentration of Cu 0.05 mg/l, Fe 0.3 mg/l, Mn 0.2 mg/l, Zn 0.01 mg/l, Ni 0.05 mg/l) and a toxicity threshold (TT) of 0.000005×. Both copper and iron when exposed individually to the concentration of their respective metals found in the environment resulted in 100% mortality for all Hydra exposed. These results indicate that the PTE mixture (including the individual concentrations of copper, iron, manganese and nickel) could potentially prove significantly toxic to the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin McKinley
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Iain McLellan
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Francois Gagné
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill street, Montréal, QC H2Y 2E7, Canada
| | - Brian Quinn
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, Scotland, United Kingdom
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6
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Tiwari M, Sahu SK, Bhangare RC, Ajmal PY, Pandit GG. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in core sediments from creek ecosystem: occurrence, geochronology, and source contribution. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2018; 40:2587-2601. [PMID: 29790055 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0125-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The levels of 15 polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners in grab sediment and sediment cores from the Thane creek were monitored for their spatial and temporal distribution. Total PBDE (ΣPBDE) concentrations in grab sediments were ranging from 15.98 to 132.72 ng g-1 dry weight. BDE-209 was the most abundant congener with percentage contribution in the range of 19-35% to total PBDEs. Total PBDE show multimode concentration with depth in sediment, among which mode at a depth of 10 cm is predominant. Results of sediment core also indicates PBDEs were enormously used in last two decades in surrounding area. Sedimentation rate at the creek was also evaluated using Pb210 dating technique. Average percentage contribution of commercial penta-BDE (fP), octa-BDE (fO), and deca-BDE (fD) to the profile found in sediments collected across Thane creek were 24 ± 5, 5 ± 1 and 69 ± 7% (p < 0.001) respectively. Levels of all measured PBDEs in sediment met with guideline values except for the penta-BDE (total, BDE-99 and BDE-100) at few locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Tiwari
- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Section, Health Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Sahu
- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Section, Health Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Rahul C Bhangare
- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Section, Health Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - P Y Ajmal
- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Section, Health Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Gauri Girish Pandit
- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Section, Health Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
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7
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Kim AW, Vane CH, Moss-Hayes V, Engelhart SE, Kemp AC. PAH, PCB, TPH and mercury in surface sediments of the Delaware River Estuary and Delmarva Peninsula, USA. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 129:835-845. [PMID: 29033171 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Surface sediment concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and mercury, were compared from two areas with contrasting land use history, the industrial Delaware Estuary and the rural Delmarva Peninsula (USA). TPH in the Delaware (38-616mg/kg) and saturate/aromatic fractions suggested petroleum/industrial sources compared to biogenic sources in the Delmarva coastal control (<34-159mg/kg). Within the Delaware the ∑PAH18 ranged from 3749 to 22,324μg/kg with isomeric ratios indicative of petroleum combustion source/s, conversely, those in the Delmarva (5-2139μg/kg) also yielded relatively higher perylene that were consistent with natural background levels derived from vegetation/coal combustion source/s. ∑PCB(tri-hepta) concentrations in the Delmarva (0.6-6.5μg/kg) were less than the threshold effect concentration (TEC), whereas the Delaware had received much higher PCB loading (18.1-136.8μg/kg) as evidenced by a significantly higher amounts in some samples (>TEC).
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Kim
- British Geological Survey, Kingsley Dunham Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK.
| | - C H Vane
- British Geological Survey, Kingsley Dunham Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK
| | - V Moss-Hayes
- British Geological Survey, Kingsley Dunham Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK
| | - S E Engelhart
- Department of Geosciences, University of Rhode Island, 9 East Alumni Avenue, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - A C Kemp
- Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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Ben Salem F, Ben Said O, Mahmoudi E, Duran R, Monperrus M. Distribution of organic contamination of sediments from Ichkeul Lake and Bizerte Lagoon, Tunisia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 123:329-338. [PMID: 28918983 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Analyses of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and butyl tins (BuSn) were conducted on sediments from Ichkeul Lake-Bizerte Lagoon watershed (Tunisia). A total of 59 compounds (16 PAHs, 12 PCBs, 22 OCPs and 9 BuSn) were measured in 40 surface sediment samples collected during two campaigns. High concentrations of total PAHs were identified in the lagoon ranging from 122 to 19600ng·g-1. Several OCPs, including endrin, dieldrin, and lindane (Hexachlorocyclohexane or HCH or BHC) were found in high concentrations in Ichkeul Lake, ranging from 28 to 2012ngg-1. PAHs and OCPs varied seasonally, in response to the complex hydrology of the watershed. The concentrations of total PCBs ranged between 0.04 and 10.653ngg-1 and suggests low total PCBs sediment contamination, when compared to most international criteria. Total BuSn concentrations range between 67 and 526ng·g-1, which are relatively low when compared to most international criteria and ecological risk assessments. This is the first study of organic contamination in Ichkeul Lake (RAMSAR and UNESCO World Heritage site).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fida Ben Salem
- Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisia; Equipe Environnement et Microbiologie, MELODY Group, UMR CNRS IPREM 5254, IBEAS, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, France; Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-Inorganique et Environnement, IPREM UMR 5254 CNRS, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, France; Fédération de recherche MIRA, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, France.
| | - Olfa Ben Said
- Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisia; Equipe Environnement et Microbiologie, MELODY Group, UMR CNRS IPREM 5254, IBEAS, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, France; Fédération de recherche MIRA, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, France
| | - Ezzeddine Mahmoudi
- Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Robert Duran
- Equipe Environnement et Microbiologie, MELODY Group, UMR CNRS IPREM 5254, IBEAS, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, France; Fédération de recherche MIRA, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, France
| | - Mathilde Monperrus
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-Inorganique et Environnement, IPREM UMR 5254 CNRS, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, France; Fédération de recherche MIRA, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, France
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Mukhopadhyay S, George J, Masto RE. Changes in Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Soil Biological Parameters in a Revegetated Coal Mine Spoil. LAND DEGRADATION & DEVELOPMENT 2017; 28:1047-1055. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1002/ldr.2593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Mukhopadhyay
- Environmental Management DivisionCSIR—Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research (Digwadih Campus) Dhanbad 828108 India
| | - Joshy George
- Environmental Management DivisionCSIR—Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research (Digwadih Campus) Dhanbad 828108 India
| | - Reginald E. Masto
- Environmental Management DivisionCSIR—Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research (Digwadih Campus) Dhanbad 828108 India
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Lu Q, Johnson AC, Jürgens MD, Sweetman A, Jin L, Whitehead P. The distribution of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in the River Thames Catchment under the scenarios of climate change. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 533:187-195. [PMID: 26156137 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Measurements have shown low levels of PCBs in water but relatively high concentrations in the resident fish of the River Thames (UK). To better understand the distribution and behaviour of PCBs in the Thames river basin and their potential risks, a level III fugacity model was applied to selected PCB congeners (PCB 52, PCB 118 and PCB 153). The modelling results indicated that fish and sediments represent environmental compartments with the highest PCB concentrations; but the greatest mass of PCBs (over 70%) is likely to remain in the soil. As emissions decline, soil could then act as a significant secondary source of PCBs with the river bed-sediment functioning as a long-term reservoir of PCBs. The predicted changes in temperature and rainfall forecast in the UK Climate Projections 2009 (UKCP09) over the next 80 years had only a modest influence on PCB fate in the model. The most significant result was a tendency for climate change to enhance the evaporation of PCBs from soil to air in the Thames catchment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Lu
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK.
| | - Andrew C Johnson
- Centre of Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Monika D Jürgens
- Centre of Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Andy Sweetman
- Lancaster Environment Centre, LEC Building, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Li Jin
- Geology Department, Bowers Hall, State University of New York College at Cortland, USA
| | - Paul Whitehead
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK.
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Kanzari F, Syakti AD, Asia L, Malleret L, Piram A, Mille G, Doumenq P. Distributions and sources of persistent organic pollutants (aliphatic hydrocarbons, PAHs, PCBs and pesticides) in surface sediments of an industrialized urban river (Huveaune), France. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 478:141-51. [PMID: 24530594 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Surface sediments from the Huveaune River were analyzed for n-alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine and organophosphorous pesticides (OCs and OPs) by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Concentrations of total alkanes ranged from 184 to 26,780 μg·kg(-1) sediment dry weight (dw) with a mean concentration of 6,126 ± 8,006 μg·kg(-1)dw, concentrations of total PAHs ranged from 572 to 4,235 μg·kg(-1)dw with a mean concentration of 1966 ± 1,104 μg·kg(-1) dw, concentrations of total PCB ranged from 2.8 to 435 μg·kg(-1)dw with a mean concentration of 148 ± 164 μg·kg(-1)dw and concentrations of total pesticides ranged from 0.07 to 1.25 μg·kg(-1)dw with a mean concentration of 1.23 ± 1.29 μg·kg(-1)dw. The spatial distribution of POPs reveals that pollutant concentration is relatively higher at the mouth of the river. The molecular indices of specific n-alkanes (CPI, NAR and TAR) and molecular indices of PAHs (Ant/(Ant+Phe), Fl/(Fl+Pyr), BaA/(BaA+Chry), IPyr/(Ipyr+BghiP)) were calculated to evaluate the possible sources of hydrocarbons. These molecular indices suggest mainly pyrolytic inputs which are markedly biogenic. All contaminant levels were also compared with Sediments Quality Guidelines (SQG) showing that the contamination levels in all stations were most of the time lower than their respective SQG. While, for PCBs, five stations (H5, H6, H7, H8 and H9) were higher than their effect range median (ERM) values which may indicate high potential toxicity of the sediment with probable adverse effects to the living biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kanzari
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LCE, FRE 3416, équipe MPO, Europôle de l'Arbois, Bâtiment Villemin BP80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence Cedex4, France.
| | - A D Syakti
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LCE, FRE 3416, équipe MPO, Europôle de l'Arbois, Bâtiment Villemin BP80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence Cedex4, France; Fisheries and Marine Sciences Department, Jenderal Soedirman University, Kampus Perikanan Unsoed Karangwangkal, Jl dr. Suparno, Purwokerto 53123, Indonesia
| | - L Asia
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LCE, FRE 3416, équipe MPO, Europôle de l'Arbois, Bâtiment Villemin BP80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence Cedex4, France
| | - L Malleret
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LCE, FRE 3416, équipe MPO, Europôle de l'Arbois, Bâtiment Villemin BP80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence Cedex4, France
| | - A Piram
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LCE, FRE 3416, équipe MPO, Europôle de l'Arbois, Bâtiment Villemin BP80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence Cedex4, France
| | - G Mille
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LCE, FRE 3416, équipe MPO, Europôle de l'Arbois, Bâtiment Villemin BP80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence Cedex4, France
| | - P Doumenq
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LCE, FRE 3416, équipe MPO, Europôle de l'Arbois, Bâtiment Villemin BP80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence Cedex4, France
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Abdallah MAE, Drage D, Harrad S. A one-step extraction/clean-up method for determination of PCBs, PBDEs and HBCDs in environmental solid matrices. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2013; 15:2279-2287. [PMID: 24145825 DOI: 10.1039/c3em00395g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A selective pressurized liquid extraction (S-PLE) method was developed for rapid determination of 3 classes of halogenated organic contaminants in indoor dust, soil and sediment samples. The optimised method used 3 : 2 v/v n-hexane-dichloromethane for extraction of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs). Extraction was performed at 90 °C for 5 min followed by 4 min static time under 1500 psi. Good recoveries of target analytes were obtained after 3 extraction cycles. In-cell cleanup was performed using 10 g of 44% H2SO4 acid silica and 5 g of florisil (secondary fat retainer), while copper powder was used to remove elemental sulfur. The method was validated using NIST SRM2585 and SRM 1941b in addition to an in-house previously characterised soil sample. Measured concentrations of target compounds showed good agreement with the certified values with RSD < 20% indicating the good accuracy and precision of the S-PLE method. Clean extracts provided low noise levels resulting in low method detection limits (<0.03 ng g(-1)) and LOQs (<0.1 ng g(-1)). The method developed was applied successfully to real environmental samples and it provided various advantages over traditional methods including reduced solvent consumption and analysis time, minimal sample contamination and high sample throughput which can be beneficial for environmental monitoring programs dealing with large numbers of samples.
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Hutchinson TH, Lyons BP, Thain JE, Law RJ. Evaluating legacy contaminants and emerging chemicals in marine environments using adverse outcome pathways and biological effects-directed analysis. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2013; 74:517-525. [PMID: 23820191 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Natural and synthetic chemicals are essential to our daily lives, food supplies, health care, industries and safe sanitation. At the same time protecting marine ecosystems and seafood resources from the adverse effects of chemical contaminants remains an important issue. Since the 1970s, monitoring of persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) chemicals using analytical chemistry has provided important spatial and temporal trend data in three important contexts; relating to human health protection from seafood contamination, addressing threats to marine top predators and finally providing essential evidence to better protect the biodiversity of commercial and non-commercial marine species. A number of regional conventions have led to controls on certain PBT chemicals over several years (termed 'legacy contaminants'; e.g. cadmium, lindane, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs] and polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs]). Analytical chemistry plays a key role in evaluating to what extent such regulatory steps have been effective in leading to reduced emissions of these legacy contaminants into marine environments. In parallel, the application of biomarkers (e.g. DNA adducts, CYP1A-EROD, vitellogenin) and bioassays integrated with analytical chemistry has strengthened the evidence base to support an ecosystem approach to manage marine pollution problems. In recent years, however,the increased sensitivity of analytical chemistry, toxicity alerts and wider environmental awareness has led to a focus on emerging chemical contaminants (defined as chemicals that have been detected in the environment, but which are currently not included in regulatory monitoring programmes and whose fate and biological impacts are poorly understood). It is also known that natural chemicals (e.g. algal biotoxins) may also pose a threat to marine species and seafood quality. Hence complex mixtures of legacy contaminants, emerging chemicals and natural biotoxins in marine ecosystems represent important scientific, economic and health challenges. In order to meet these challenges and pursue cost-effective scientific approaches that can provide evidence necessary to support policy needs (e.g. the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive), it is widely recognised that there is a need to (i) provide marine exposure assessments for priority contaminants using a range of validated models, passive samplers and biomarkers; (ii) integrate chemical monitoring data with biological effects data across spatial and temporal scales (including quality controls); and (iii) strengthen the evidence base to understand the relationship between exposure to complex chemical mixtures, biological and ecological impacts through integrated approaches and molecular data (e.g. genomics, proteomics and metabolomics). Additionally, we support the widely held view that (iv) that rather than increasing the analytical chemistry monitoring of large number of emerging contaminants, it will be important to target analytical chemistry towards key groups of chemicals of concern using effects-directed analysis. It is also important to evaluate to what extent existing biomarkers and bioassays can address various classes of emerging chemicals using the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) approach now being developed by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) with respect to human toxicology and ecotoxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Hutchinson
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth Laboratory, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom.
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Vane CH, Rawlins BG, Kim AW, Moss-Hayes V, Kendrick CP, Leng MJ. Sedimentary transport and fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from managed burning of moorland vegetation on a blanket peat, South Yorkshire, UK. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 449:81-94. [PMID: 23416203 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the concentrations of 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from managed burning of moorland vegetation and compares them to PAH in catchment vegetation, underlying peats, head water suspended sediment (HSS), stream water and reservoir sediment cores. Total PAH ranged from 203 to 11,112 μg/kg in the blanket peats, 101-290 μg/kg in the fresh moorland vegetation, 4186 μg/kg at the burnt site, 17,439 μg/kg in the HSS, 56 ng/L in the stream water and 987 to 7346 μg/kg in the reservoir sediments. No total or individual PAH concentrations exceeded the published sediment quality guidelines. The perylene content of selected moorland vegetation (sphagnum, heather and bilberry) ranged from 10 to 18% as compared to only 2% for the sediment hosted PAH. A comparison of whole and <250 μm fractions from the burnt surface layer revealed a near threefold increase in PAH concentration in the fine fraction and a change in the PAH distribution such that naphthalene>>phenanthrene>2-methylnaphthalene. Elevated total PAH contents were observed close to the blanket peat sediment surface (0-10 cm) and then declined at greater depths. The high PAH content of the HSS was attributed to the high sorption capacity of the organic-rich particles (TOC 25.8% (wt/wt)). The distribution of individual PAH in reservoir cores and HSS was consistent and the results of the principal component analysis and isomeric ratios suggest mainly pyrolytic inputs, from either vegetation burning and coal combustion. A comparison of the reservoir core PAH profiles shows that the source(s) have remained largely unchanged since the reservoir construction in 1929A.D. reflecting consistent moorland management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher H Vane
- British Geological Survey, Environmental Science Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK.
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15
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Koike T, Koike H, Kurumisawa R, Ito M, Sakurai S, Togo A, Saha M, Arifin Z, Takada H. Distribution, source identification, and historical trends of organic micropollutants in coastal sediment in Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 217-218:208-216. [PMID: 22480710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We determined concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), linear alkylbenzenes (LABs), and hopanes in coastal sediments collected from Jakarta Bay and Tokyo Bay. PAH concentrations in sediments from Jakarta Bay (257-1511 ng/g-dry) were lower than or comparable to those from Tokyo Bay (1372-1615 ng/g-dry). Ratios of alkyl-PAHs to parent PAHs showed a greater contribution of petrogenic inputs in Jakarta Bay than in Tokyo Bay. This difference is consistent with the higher ratio of hopanes to PAHs in Jakarta Bay. LAB concentrations in Jakarta Bay (geometric mean, 1400 ng/g-dry) were higher than those in Tokyo Bay (661 ng/g-dry). The internal to external (I/E) ratios of LABs in Jakarta Bay (0.92-2.88) were lower than those in Tokyo Bay (2.8-4.8), indicating that Jakarta Bay receives untreated or poorly treated sewage. Significant amounts of tetrapropylene-based alkylbenzenes were detected in several locations in Jakarta Bay, suggesting current usage of the non-degradable surfactants alkylbenzene sulfonates that are banned in many countries. The PCB concentration in Jakarta Bay was 1 order of magnitude lower than in Tokyo Bay, suggesting minimal usage of PCBs in industrial or commercial products in Jakarta. Analyses of a sediment core indicate increasing inputs of PAHs, hopanes, and LABs into Jakarta Bay during recent decades.
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Langston WJ, O'Hara S, Pope ND, Davey M, Shortridge E, Imamura M, Harino H, Kim A, Vane CH. Bioaccumulation surveillance in Milford Haven Waterway. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2012; 184:289-311. [PMID: 21432028 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-011-1968-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Biomonitoring of contaminants (metals, organotins, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), PCBs) was undertaken in Milford Haven Waterway (MHW) and a reference site in the Tywi Estuary (St Ishmael/Ferryside) during 2007-2008. Bioindicator species encompassed various uptake routes-Fucus vesiculosus (dissolved contaminants); Littorina littorea (grazer); Mytilus edulis and Cerastoderma edule (suspension feeders); and Hediste (=Nereis) diversicolor (sediments). Differences in feeding and habitat preference have subtle implications for bioaccumulation trends though, with few exceptions, contaminant burdens in MHW were higher than the Tywi reference site, reflecting inputs. Elevated metal concentrations were observed at some MHW sites, whilst As and Se (molluscs and seaweed) were consistently at the higher end of the UK range. However, for most metals, distributions in MH biota were not exceptional. Several metal-species combinations indicated increases in bioavailability upstream, which may reflect the influence of geogenic/land-based sources-perhaps enhanced by lower salinity. TBT levels in MH mussels were below OSPAR toxicity thresholds and in the Tywi were close to zero. Phenyltins were not accumulated appreciably in M. edulis, whereas some H. diversicolor populations appear subjected to localized (historical) sources. PAHs in H. diversicolor were distributed evenly across most of MHW, although acenaphthene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene and chrysene were highest at one site near the mouth; naphthalenes in H. diversicolor were enriched in the mid-upper Haven (a pattern seen in M. edulis for most PAHs). Whilst PAH (and PCB) concentrations in MH mussels were mostly above reference and OSPAR backgrounds, they are unlikely to exceed ecotoxicological thresholds. Bivalve Condition indices (CI) were highest at the Tywi reference site and at the seaward end of MH, decreasing upstream-giving rise to several significant (negative) relationships between CI and body burdens. Despite the possible influence of salinity gradient as a complicating factor, multivariate analysis indicated that a combination of contaminants could influence the pattern in condition (and the biomarkers metallothionein and TOSC). Integrating bioaccumulation data with biological and biochemical endpoints is seen as a useful way to discriminate environmental quality of moderately contaminated areas such as MHW and to prioritise cause and effect investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Langston
- Marine Biological Association, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK.
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17
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Vane CH, Chenery SR, Harrison I, Kim AW, Moss-Hayes V, Jones DG. Chemical signatures of the Anthropocene in the Clyde estuary, UK: sediment-hosted Pb, (207/206)Pb, total petroleum hydrocarbon, polyaromatic hydrocarbon and polychlorinated biphenyl pollution records. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2011; 369:1085-111. [PMID: 21282161 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2010.0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The sediment concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs), polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), Pb and (207/206)Pb isotope ratios were measured in seven cores from the middle Clyde estuary (Scotland, UK) with an aim of tracking the late Anthropocene. Concentrations of TPHs ranged from 34 to 4386 mg kg(-1), total PAHs from 19 to 16,163 μg kg(-1) and total PCBs between less than 4.3 to 1217 μg kg(-1). Inventories, distributions and isomeric ratios of the organic pollutants were used to reconstruct pollutant histories. Pre-Industrial Revolution and modern non-polluted sediments were characterized by low TPH and PAH values as well as high relative abundance of biogenic-sourced phenanthrene and naphthalene. The increasing industrialization of the Clyde gave rise to elevated PAH concentrations and PAH isomeric ratios characteristic of both grass/wood/coal and petroleum and combustion (specifically petroleum combustion). Overall, PAHs had the longest history of any of the organic contaminants. Increasing TPH concentrations and a concomitant decline in PAHs mirrored the lessening of coal use and increasing reliance on petroleum fuels from about the 1950s. Thereafter, declining hydrocarbon pollution was followed by the onset (1950s), peak (1965-1977) and decline (post-1980s) in total PCB concentrations. Lead concentrations ranged from 6 to 631 mg kg(-1), while (207/206)Pb isotope ratios spanned 0.838-0.876, indicative of various proportions of 'background', British ore/coal and Broken Hill type petrol/industrial lead. A chronology was established using published Pb isotope data for aerosol-derived Pb and applied to the cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Vane
- British Geological Survey, Kingsley Dunham Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK.
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Aldarondo-Torres JX, Samara F, Mansilla-Rivera I, Aga DS, Rodríguez-Sierra CJ. Trace metals, PAHs, and PCBs in sediments from the Jobos Bay area in Puerto Rico. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2010; 60:1350-1358. [PMID: 20638083 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Revised: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 06/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This study provides baseline information on the extent of contamination in sediments of the Jobos Bay estuary and surrounding areas in Puerto Rico. Sediments from Jobos Bay area (n=14) had higher overall average concentrations than those from La Parguera area (n=5, used as reference site), in microg/g dw, for As (17 vs 9), Cu (29 vs 14), Pb (11 vs 4), and Zn (64 vs 28); and in %, for Fe (2.6 vs 0.6). Sediments (n=8) screened for PAHs and PCBs exhibited total concentrations (ng/g dw) that ranged from 40.4 to 1912, and from not detected to 11.21, respectively. The quality of sediments of Jobos Bay could be classified as low to moderate pollution. The proximity to anthropogenic sources of contamination warrants a monitoring program for inorganic and organic pollutants in Jobos Bay area for an effective coastal management program of this tropical ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica X Aldarondo-Torres
- Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, P.O. Box 365067, San Juan 00936-5067, Puerto Rico
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Vane CH, Ma YJ, Chen SJ, Mai BX. Increasing polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) contamination in sediment cores from the inner Clyde Estuary, UK. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2010; 32:13-21. [PMID: 19347590 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-009-9261-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2008] [Accepted: 03/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of 16 polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners in six short sediment cores from the Clyde Estuary were determined by gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry. Total PBDE concentrations ranged from 1 to 2,645 mug/kg and the average concentration was 287 mug/kg. BDE-209 was the main congener and varied from 1 to 2,337 mug/kg. Elevated total PBDE concentrations were observed close to the sediment surface in the uppermost 10 cm of four of the six sediment cores. Comparison of the down core PBDE profiles revealed that the increase was driven by the accumulation of deca-BDE. Although the deca-BDE mix was dominant, the presence of lower molecular weight congeners BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-183 and BDE-153 at most sediment intervals suggested additional sources of penta-BDE and octa-BDE pollution. Changing PBDE source input was the major factor in influencing the proportion of nona-brominated congeners, although other explanations such as post burial photo-debromination of BDE-209 cannot be entirely discounted. A clear cascading to lower hepta-, hexa-, and penta-homologues was not found. The increase in total PBDE concentrations and particularly the deca-BDE may possibly be ascribed to the use and subsequent disposal of electrical appliances such as televisions and computers. In the Clyde sediments, the proportion of nona-brominated congeners was higher than that reported for commercial mixtures. This might be due to changing sources of PBDEs or post burial photo-debromination of BDE-209.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher H Vane
- British Geological Survey, Kingsley Dunham Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK.
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Khairy MA, Kolb M, Mostafa AR, El-Fiky A, Bahadir M. Risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a Mediterranean semi-enclosed basin affected by human activities (Abu Qir Bay, Egypt). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2009; 170:389-97. [PMID: 19464106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.04.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2009] [Revised: 03/18/2009] [Accepted: 04/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of sediments and mussels sampled from Abu Qir Bay by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was investigated. Concentrations of PAHs recorded in the bay sediments ranged from less than MDL to 2660 microg/kg dw. In general, concentrations of PAHs in mussels were higher than their corresponding sediment concentrations reflecting their great bioavailability (242-3880 microg/kg dw). The highest concentration was observed in the western part of the bay, a location affected by intensive shipping activities. The distribution pattern of PAHs was similar for mussels and sediments, particularly for sediments characterized by high contamination level, and they were dominated by the high molecular weight PAHs (4-6-rings). Applying different PAHs ratios, it was found that PAHs originated predominantly from the pyrogenic source either from the combustion of grass, wood and coal (majority of the samples) or from petroleum combustion (harbour area). The output of a Screening Level Ecological Risk Assessment (SLERA) on the bay sediments revealed that adverse ecological effects to benthic organisms are expected to occur in only one sample, and thus PAHs are not considered as contaminants of concern in Abu Qir Bay. Also adverse health effects are not expected to occur from the consumption of the investigated mussels with respect to PAHs in Abu Qir Bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Khairy
- Institute of Ecological Chemistry and Waste Analysis, Technical University of Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
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Vane CH, Harrison I, Kim AW, Moss-Hayes V, Vickers BP, Hong K. Organic and metal contamination in surface mangrove sediments of South China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2009; 58:134-144. [PMID: 18990413 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2008] [Revised: 09/22/2008] [Accepted: 09/24/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C H Vane
- British Geological Survey, Kingsley Dunham Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham, UK.
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Prieto A, Zuloaga O, Usobiaga A, Bartolomé L, Fernández LA, Etxebarria N, Ciprain E, Alonso A. Levels and spatial distribution of inorganic and organic contaminants in sediments along the Bilbao estuary. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2008; 56:2094-2099. [PMID: 18945451 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2008] [Revised: 07/07/2008] [Accepted: 08/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Prieto
- University of Basque Country, Kimika Analitikoa Saila, Barrio Sarriena s/n, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, 644 P.K., E-48080 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain.
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Vane CH, Harrison I, Kim AW, Moss-Hayes V, Vickers BP, Horton BP. Status of organic pollutants in surface sediments of Barnegat Bay-Little Egg Harbor Estuary, New Jersey, USA. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2008; 56:1802-1808. [PMID: 18715597 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2008] [Revised: 07/03/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C H Vane
- British Geological Survey, Kingsley Dunham Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, United Kingdom.
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