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Fuhrmann N, Brasseur MV, Bakowski CE, Podsiadlowski L, Prost S, Krehenwinkel H, Mayer C. Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly of the Viviparous Eelpout Zoarces viviparus. Genome Biol Evol 2024; 16:evae155. [PMID: 39018026 PMCID: PMC11331339 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evae155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The viviparous eelpout Zoarces viviparus is a common fish across the North Atlantic and has successfully colonized habitats across environmental gradients. Due to its wide distribution and predictable phenotypic responses to pollution, Z. viviparus is used as an ideal marine bioindicator organism and has been routinely sampled over decades by several countries to monitor marine environmental health. Additionally, this species is a promising model to study adaptive processes related to environmental change, specifically global warming. Here, we report the chromosome-level genome assembly of Z. viviparus, which has a size of 663 Mb and consists of 607 scaffolds (N50 = 26 Mb). The 24 largest represent the 24 chromosomes of the haploid Z. viviparus genome, which harbors 98% of the complete Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologues defined for ray-finned fish, indicating that the assembly is highly contiguous and complete. Comparative analyses between the Z. viviparus assembly and the chromosome-level genomes of two other eelpout species revealed a high synteny, but also an accumulation of repetitive elements in the Z. viviparus genome. Our reference genome will be an important resource enabling future in-depth genomic analyses of the effects of environmental change on this important bioindicator species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Fuhrmann
- Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Trier 54296, Germany
| | - Marie V Brasseur
- Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Trier 54296, Germany
| | - Christina E Bakowski
- Centre for Molecular Biodiversity Research, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB), Bonn 53113, Germany
| | - Lars Podsiadlowski
- Centre for Molecular Biodiversity Research, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB), Bonn 53113, Germany
| | - Stefan Prost
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, National Zoological Garden, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
- Central Research Laboratories, Natural History Museum Vienna, Vienna 1010, Austria
| | | | - Christoph Mayer
- Centre for Molecular Biodiversity Research, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB), Bonn 53113, Germany
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Moll D, Asmus H, Blöcker A, Böttcher U, Conradt J, Färber L, Funk N, Funk S, Gutte H, Hinrichsen HH, Kotterba P, Krumme U, Madiraca F, Meier HEM, Meyer S, Moritz T, Otto SA, Pinto G, Polte P, Riekhof MC, Sarrazin V, Scotti M, Voss R, Winkler H, Möllmann C. A climate vulnerability assessment of the fish community in the Western Baltic Sea. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16184. [PMID: 39003317 PMCID: PMC11246524 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67029-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Marine fisheries are increasingly impacted by climate change, affecting species distribution and productivity, and necessitating urgent adaptation efforts. Climate vulnerability assessments (CVA), integrating expert knowledge, are vital for identifying species that could thrive or suffer under changing environmental conditions. This study presents a first CVA for the Western Baltic Sea's fish community, a crucial fishing area for Denmark and Germany. Characterized by a unique mix of marine, brackish, and freshwater species, this coastal ecosystem faces significant changes due to the combined effects of overfishing, eutrophication and climate change. Our CVA involved a qualitative expert scoring of 22 fish species, assessing their sensitivity and exposure to climate change. Our study revealed a dichotomy in climate change vulnerability within the fish community of the Western Baltic Sea because traditional fishing targets cod and herring as well as other species with complex life histories are considered to face increased risks, whereas invasive or better adaptable species might thrive under changing conditions. Our findings hence demonstrate the complex interplay between life-history traits and climate change vulnerability in marine fish communities. Eventually, our study provides critical knowledge for the urgent development of tailored adaptation efforts addressing existing but especially future effects of climate change on fish and fisheries in the Western Baltic Sea, to navigate this endangered fisheries systems into a sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Moll
- Thuenen Institute of Baltic Sea Fisheries, Rostock, Germany
| | - Harald Asmus
- Alfred-Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Wadden Sea Station Sylt, List, Germany
| | - Alexandra Blöcker
- Institute of Marine Ecosystem and Fishery Science, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), Hamburg University, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Böttcher
- Thuenen Institute of Baltic Sea Fisheries, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jan Conradt
- Institute of Marine Ecosystem and Fishery Science, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), Hamburg University, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leonie Färber
- Institute of Marine Ecosystem and Fishery Science, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), Hamburg University, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Funk
- Institute of Marine Ecosystem and Fishery Science, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), Hamburg University, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Funk
- Institute of Marine Ecosystem and Fishery Science, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), Hamburg University, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Helene Gutte
- Institute of Marine Ecosystem and Fishery Science, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), Hamburg University, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Harald Hinrichsen
- Marine Ecology Research Division, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Paul Kotterba
- Thuenen Institute of Baltic Sea Fisheries, Rostock, Germany
| | - Uwe Krumme
- Thuenen Institute of Baltic Sea Fisheries, Rostock, Germany
| | - Frane Madiraca
- Institute of Marine Ecosystem and Fishery Science, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), Hamburg University, Hamburg, Germany
| | - H E Markus Meier
- Department of Physical Oceanography and Instrumentation, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Rostock, Germany
| | - Steffi Meyer
- Institute of Marine Ecosystem and Fishery Science, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), Hamburg University, Hamburg, Germany
- BioConsult GmbH & Co. KG, Bremen, Germany
| | - Timo Moritz
- Stiftung Deutsches Meeresmuseum - Museum für Meereskunde und Fischerei, Deutsches Meeresmuseum, Stralsund, Germany
| | - Saskia A Otto
- Institute of Marine Ecosystem and Fishery Science, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), Hamburg University, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guilherme Pinto
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Patrick Polte
- Thuenen Institute of Baltic Sea Fisheries, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Victoria Sarrazin
- Leibniz Institute for Biodiversity Change Analysis (LIB), Museum of Nature - Zoology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marco Scotti
- Marine Ecology Research Division, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Firenze, Italy
| | - Rudi Voss
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Ocean and Society (CeOS), Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Helmut Winkler
- Department of Zoology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christian Möllmann
- Institute of Marine Ecosystem and Fishery Science, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), Hamburg University, Hamburg, Germany.
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3
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Liu X, Tang K, Hu J. Application of Cyanobacteria as Chassis Cells in Synthetic Biology. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1375. [PMID: 39065143 PMCID: PMC11278661 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Synthetic biology is an exciting new area of research that combines science and engineering to design and build new biological functions and systems. Predictably, with the development of synthetic biology, more efficient and economical photosynthetic microalgae chassis will be successfully constructed, making it possible to break through laboratory research into large-scale industrial applications. The synthesis of a range of biochemicals has been demonstrated in cyanobacteria; however, low product titers are the biggest barrier to the commercialization of cyanobacterial biotechnology. This review summarizes the applied improvement strategies from the perspectives of cyanobacteria chassis cells and synthetic biology. The harvest advantages of cyanobacterial products and the latest progress in improving production strategies are discussed according to the product status. As cyanobacteria synthetic biology is still in its infancy, apart from the achievements made, the difficulties and challenges in the application and development of cyanobacteria genetic tool kits in biochemical synthesis, environmental monitoring, and remediation were assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jinlu Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (X.L.); (K.T.)
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Rebryk A, Koschorreck J, Haglund P. Temporal trends of lipophilic organic contaminants in blue mussel (1994-2017) and eelpout (1994-2017) from the southern Baltic Sea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 897:166282. [PMID: 37597558 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
A time-trend study was carried out for two important Baltic Sea species, blue mussel (1994-2017, 11 samples) and eelpout (1994-2017, 11 samples), to track the changes in levels of regulated persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and show potential increases in the levels of the contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). It was carried out utilizing gas chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS) based non-target screening (NTS). Data were acquired in two modes - electron ionization (EI) and electron capture negative ion chemical ionization (ECNI) - to widen the contaminant coverage, and treated using a fast semi-automated NTS data processing workflow. The study revealed that >250 tentatively identified compounds show statistically significant temporal trends in Baltic blue mussel and eelpout. A large number of regulated substances, including but not limited to PCBs, DDTs and other organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), chlorobenzenes, and many polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), showed significant declining trends, as was expected. Their rates of decline were in good agreement with previously reported data. In contrast, increasing trends were observed for many CECs, some polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs), and hydrocarbons. The CEC group included, among others, four compounds, namely, one personal care product ingredient, 2-ethylhexyl stearate, one brominated compound 1,2,3,5-tetrabromobenzene and two intermediates 4-isopropoxyaniline and bilobol dimethyl ether, that were reported in marine biota for the first time to the best of our knowledge. Several compounds, including four CECs and two unknown brominated compounds, showed levels considerably higher than the common legacy pollutants (CB-153 and BDE-99), which might be taken into consideration for future monitoring and risk assessment. In addition, this work revealed the presence of a plethora of organoiodinated compounds that exhibited statistically significant temporal trends in the samples under study, which could be of future interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy Rebryk
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biological Centre (KBC), Umeå University, Linnaeus väg 6, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Jan Koschorreck
- Federal Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt), Colditzstraße 34, 14193, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Haglund
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biological Centre (KBC), Umeå University, Linnaeus väg 6, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
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5
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Tinguely SM, David A, Lange A, Tyler CR. Effects of maternal exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of 17α-ethinyloestradiol in a live bearing freshwater fish, Xenotoca eiseni (Cyprinodontiformes, Goodeidae). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 232:105746. [PMID: 33515925 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The viviparous teleost Redtail Splitfin (Xenotoca eiseni) is a live bearing fish that presents a novel freshwater model for investigating the effects of maternally derived micropollutants on vulnerable early developmental life stages. Here, adult female X. eiseni were exposed to 17α-ethinyloestradiol (EE2), a potent contraceptive oestrogen, at environmentally relevant concentrations, to investigate for effects on sex partitioning and development. Pregnant and non-pregnant females were exposed for four weeks to EE2 at measured concentrations of 0.9 and 3.4 ng/L EE2 and offspring from gravid females were kept in clean water for a further four weeks. Only pregnant females were seen to respond to 3.4 ng/L EE2 with an increase in the transcription of hepatic vitellogenins (vtgA, vtgB and vtgC). Offspring of exposed mothers showed no obvious effects on somatic growth, gonadal development, sex partitioning or development. However, there was a higher rate of deformities and developmental abnormalities in offspring of EE2-exposed females. The work presented provides the foundation for the development of X. eiseni as a new freshwater model for studies on maternal transfer of chemical pollutants in live bearing animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone M Tinguely
- University of Exeter, Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom.
| | - Arthur David
- University of Sussex, School of Life Sciences, Brighton BN1 9QJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Anke Lange
- University of Exeter, Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom.
| | - Charles R Tyler
- University of Exeter, Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom.
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6
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Polak-Juszczak L. Distribution of organic and inorganic mercury in the tissues and organs of fish from the southern Baltic Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:34181-34189. [PMID: 30288672 PMCID: PMC6245018 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3336-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of total mercury (THg), methylmercury (CH3Hg+), and inorganic mercury (Hginorg) in the tissues and organs of fish depending on species, tissue, and organ, and their bioaccumulation in tissues and biomagnification throughout the trophic web. The study included four species of fish (herring, sprat, cod, and eel) from the southern Baltic Sea. The concentrations of the different forms of mercury were determined in tissues and internal organs. Intra-specific differences in levels of THg, CH3Hg+, and Hginorg in the tissues and organs were determined. Muscle contained the highest proportions of THg and CH3Hg+ in comparison to that in the internal organs. Differences in concentrations of THg, CH3Hg+, and Hginorg in the tissues and organs of fish were related to their preferred prey. The bioaccumulation of CH3Hg+ in the tissues and organs of predatory fish at the highest trophic levels was greater than in the liver and digestive tract of fish species at lower trophic levels, in which Hginorg predominated. The high concentrations of CH3Hg+ in eel and cod and the low levels in herring and sprat were linked with their food and the transfer of this element among species. The results suggested that the type of food, feeding habits, and trophic position were important parameters that influenced the transfer and biomagnification of mercury in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucyna Polak-Juszczak
- Department of Food and Environmental Chemistry, National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, ul. Kollataja 1, 81-332, Gdynia, Poland.
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7
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Fliedner A, Rüdel H, Knopf B, Lohmann N, Paulus M, Jud M, Pirntke U, Koschorreck J. Assessment of seafood contamination under the marine strategy framework directive: contributions of the German environmental specimen bank. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:26939-26956. [PMID: 30008162 PMCID: PMC6132394 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2728-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Descriptor 9 (D9) of the European Union Marine Strategy Framework Directive refers to the compliance of contaminant levels in fish and other seafood of a defined marine region or subregion with human health threshold values. This requires georeferenced samples that are often difficult to obtain when relying on commercial fisheries or programs designed for monitoring human exposure. The present study examines whether georeferenced samples of blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) and eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) fillet of the German environmental specimen bank (ESB) can be used in this context. The suitability of the ESB samples, procedures, and analytical methods is evaluated with respect to D9 requirements. Based on ESB data for the D9 relevant contaminants Pb, Cd, Hg, ∑4 PAHs, PCDD/Fs, dioxin-like (dl)-PCBs, and indicator non-dl-PCBs and the potentially relevant substances TBT, PFOS, PBDE, and HBCDD, the Good Environmental Status for D9 is assessed at the ESB sites in the North and Baltic Seas. The overall evaluation indicates that ESB samples are suitable for D9 assessment with the limitation that only coastal areas of the North and Baltic Seas are covered. Over a period of up to 30 years, concentrations of the D9 relevant contaminants were well below the maximum levels allowed for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Fliedner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (Fraunhofer IME), Department Environmental Specimen Bank and Elemental Analysis, 57392, Schmallenberg, Germany.
| | - Heinz Rüdel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (Fraunhofer IME), Department Environmental Specimen Bank and Elemental Analysis, 57392, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Knopf
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (Fraunhofer IME), Department Environmental Specimen Bank and Elemental Analysis, 57392, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Nina Lohmann
- Eurofins GfA Lab Service GmbH, Neulaender Kamp 1a, 21079, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Paulus
- Department of Biogeography / Environmental Specimen Bank, Trier University, 54286, Trier, Germany
| | - Michael Jud
- Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL), Unit 101, P.O. Box 110260, 10832, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Pirntke
- German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt), 06813, Dessau-Rosslau, Germany
| | - Jan Koschorreck
- German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt), 06813, Dessau-Rosslau, Germany
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Tairova Z, Strand J, Bossi R, Larsen MM, Förlin L, Bignert A, Hedman J, Gercken J, Lang T, Fricke NF, Asmund G, Long M, Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC. Persistent organic pollutants and related biological responses measured in coastal fish using chemical and biological screening methods. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 80:862-880. [PMID: 28910589 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1372870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial distribution, levels of dioxin-like compounds (DLC), and biological responses in two fish species. The viviparous eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) was collected from various locations in the Baltic Sea and in fjords of Kattegat and Skagerrak, while shorthorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius) was obtained at the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) polluted site in North West Greenland. Significant differences were detected both in contaminant levels and relative contributions from either polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDD) or polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF or furans) and mono-ortho- and non-ortho (coplanar) polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCB). Fish from the eastern Baltic Sea generally displayed higher contributions from PCDD/F compared to dl-PCB, whereas dl-PCB were generally predominated in fish from Danish, Swedish, and German sites. Levels of dl-PCB in muscle tissues were above OSPAR environmental assessment criteria (EAC) for PCB118, indicating a potential risk of adverse biological effects in the ecosystem, whereas levels of the total WHO-TEQs were below threshold for sea food suggesting limited risks for humans. No significant relationships between levels of DLC (expressed as WHO-TEQ), and biological responses such as the induction of CYP1A enzymatic activity and fry reproductive disorders were observed in eelpout. No marked relationship between WHO-TEQ and combined biological aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated transactivity (expressed as AhR-TEQ) was noted. However, there was a positive correlation between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites and induction of CYP1A activity, suggesting that PAH exhibited greater potential than DLC to produce biological effects in eelpout from the Baltic Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanna Tairova
- a Department of Bioscience , Aarhus University , Roskilde , Denmark
- g Centre for Arctic Health and Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Public Health , Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Jakob Strand
- a Department of Bioscience , Aarhus University , Roskilde , Denmark
| | - Rossana Bossi
- b Department of Environmental Science , Aarhus University , Roskilde , Denmark
| | - Martin M Larsen
- a Department of Bioscience , Aarhus University , Roskilde , Denmark
| | - Lars Förlin
- c Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences , University of Gothenburg , Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Anders Bignert
- d Swedish Museum of Natural History , Department of Contaminant Research , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Jenny Hedman
- d Swedish Museum of Natural History , Department of Contaminant Research , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Jens Gercken
- e Institute for Applied Ecology Ltd ., Neu Broderstorf , Germany
| | - Thomas Lang
- f Thünen Institute of Fisheries Ecology , Cuxhaven , Germany
| | | | - Gert Asmund
- a Department of Bioscience , Aarhus University , Roskilde , Denmark
| | - Manhai Long
- g Centre for Arctic Health and Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Public Health , Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Eva C Bonefeld-Jørgensen
- g Centre for Arctic Health and Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Public Health , Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
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Hylland K, Burgeot T, Martínez-Gómez C, Lang T, Robinson CD, Svavarsson J, Thain JE, Vethaak AD, Gubbins MJ. How can we quantify impacts of contaminants in marine ecosystems? The ICON project. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 124:2-10. [PMID: 26612182 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An international workshop on marine integrated contaminant monitoring (ICON) was organised to test a framework on integrated environmental assessment and simultaneously assess the status of selected European marine areas. Biota and sediment were sampled in selected estuarine, inshore and offshore locations encompassing marine habitats from Iceland to the Spanish Mediterranean. The outcome of the ICON project is reported in this special issue as method-oriented papers addressing chemical analyses, PAH metabolites, oxidative stress, biotransformation, lysosomal membrane stability, genotoxicity, disease in fish, and sediment assessment, as well as papers assessing specific areas. This paper provides a background and introduction to the ICON project, by reviewing how effects of contaminants on marine organisms can be monitored and by describing strategies that have been employed to monitor and assess such effects. Through the ICON project we have demonstrated the use of an integrating framework and gleaned more knowledge than ever before in any single field campaign about the impacts contaminants may have in European marine areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketil Hylland
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Thierry Burgeot
- IFREMER, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, B.P. 21105, 44311 Nantes Cédex 03, France
| | - Concepción Martínez-Gómez
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Oceanographic Centre of Murcia, Varadero 1, PO Box 22, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Thomas Lang
- Thünen Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Deichstr. 12, 27472 Cuxhaven, Germany
| | - Craig D Robinson
- Marine Scotland Science, Marine Laboratory, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, UK
| | - Jörundur Svavarsson
- University of Iceland, Askja - Natural Science Building, Sturlugata 7, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - John E Thain
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - A Dick Vethaak
- Deltares, Marine and Coastal Systems, P.O. Box 177, 2600 MH, Delft, The Netherlands; VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam Global Change Institute, Institute for Environmental Studies, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew J Gubbins
- IFREMER, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, B.P. 21105, 44311 Nantes Cédex 03, France
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10
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Burgeot T, Akcha F, Ménard D, Robinson C, Loizeau V, Brach-Papa C, Martínez-Gòmez C, Le Goff J, Budzinski H, Le Menach K, Cachot J, Minier C, Broeg K, Hylland K. Integrated monitoring of chemicals and their effects on four sentinel species, Limanda limanda, Platichthys flesus, Nucella lapillus and Mytilus sp., in Seine Bay: A key step towards applying biological effects to monitoring. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 124:92-105. [PMID: 27839718 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The International workshop on Integrated Assessment of CONtaminants impacts on the North sea (ICON) provided a framework to validate the application of chemical and biological assessment thresholds (BACs and EACs) in the Seine Bay in France. Bioassays (oyster larval anomalies, Corophium arenarium toxicity assay and DR Calux) for sediment and biomarkers: ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, lysosomal membrane stability (LMS), DNA strand breaks using the Comet assay, DNA adducts, micronucleus (MN), PAH metabolites, imposex, intersex and fish external pathologies were analysed in four marine sentinel species (Platichthys flesus, Limanda limanda, Mytilus sp. and Nucella lapilus). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and heavy metals were analysed in biota and sediment. Results for sediment and four species in 2008-2009 made it possible to quantify the impact of contaminants using thresholds (Environmental Assessment Criteria/EAC2008: 70% and EAC2009: 60%) and effects (EAC2008: 50% and EAC2009: 40%) in the Seine estuary. The Seine estuary is ranked among Europe's most highly polluted sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Burgeot
- Department of Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Ifremer, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311, Nantes cedex 03, France.
| | - Farida Akcha
- Department of Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Ifremer, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311, Nantes cedex 03, France
| | - Dominique Ménard
- Department of Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Ifremer, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311, Nantes cedex 03, France
| | - Craig Robinson
- Marine Scotland Science, Marine Laboratory, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen, AB11 9DB, UK
| | - Véronique Loizeau
- Department of Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Ifremer, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311, Nantes cedex 03, France
| | - Christophe Brach-Papa
- Department of Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Ifremer, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311, Nantes cedex 03, France
| | - Concepción Martínez-Gòmez
- Instituto Espagňol de Oceanografia, Oceanografic Centre of Murcia, Varadero 1, 30740, San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jérémie Le Goff
- Adn'Tox, GRECAN, Centre François Baclesse, Avenue du Général Harris, 14076, Caen Cedex 05, France
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- University of Bordeaux, Laboratory EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, 33615, Pessac cedex, France
| | - Karine Le Menach
- University of Bordeaux, Laboratory EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, 33615, Pessac cedex, France
| | - Jérome Cachot
- University of Bordeaux, Laboratory EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, 33615, Pessac cedex, France
| | - Christophe Minier
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology (LEMA), UMR SEBIO, University of Le Havre, 25 Rue P. Lebon, 76058, Le Havre, France
| | - Katja Broeg
- Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency of Germany (BSH), Benhard-Nocht-Straße 78, 20359, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ketil Hylland
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Pb 1066, Blindern, N-0316, Oslo, Norway
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11
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Joachim S, Maria HT, Britt W, Bethanie CA. Determining oxidative stress and EROD activity in dab (Limanda limanda) in the North and Baltic Seas. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 124:46-53. [PMID: 27887733 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The North and Baltic Seas are heavily trafficked marine areas with extensive anthropogenic activities, including cargo and fishing vessels, waste dumping, oil platforms, industrial activities and contamination from coastal runoff. In order to evaluate the environmental health of these regions, we used the demersal fish dab (Limanda limanda) as a sentinel species. The current study used well-established biomarkers for PAH exposure and oxidative stress, measuring EROD activity, the acute antioxidant response as well as oxidation of proteins detected as protein carbonyl levels. Results show the strongest biomarker results in an area with extensive oil drilling, where dab displayed high levels of EROD activities. This was also seen in dab captured in the Baltic Sea where elevated levels of oxidized glutathione and a trend towards higher EROD activity were observed. The obtained results did, however, not indicate a coherent biomarker response. The study was conducted off shore where many areas have presumably low levels of pollutants, and we could detect minor effects using the biomarker approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sturve Joachim
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, BOX 463, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, 405 30 Sweden.
| | - Hultman T Maria
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, BOX 463, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, 405 30 Sweden.
| | - Wassmur Britt
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, BOX 463, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, 405 30 Sweden.
| | - Carney Almroth Bethanie
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, BOX 463, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, 405 30 Sweden.
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12
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Asker N, Albertsson E, Wijkmark E, Bergek S, Parkkonen J, Kammann U, Holmqvist I, Kristiansson E, Strand J, Gercken J, Förlin L. Biomarker responses in eelpouts from four coastal areas in Sweden, Denmark and Germany. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 120:32-43. [PMID: 27423807 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To increase our understanding of possible chemical impacts on coastal fish populations in the Baltic Sea, Kattegat and Skagerrak, the viviparous eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) was used as sentinel species in two major sampling campaigns (spring and autumn) in 16 different coastal sites. Condition factor (CF), liver somatic index (LSI), gonad somatic index (GSI) were measured and the activity of the hepatic enzymes ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), glutathione reductase GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT) and muscular activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were assessed. PAH metabolites in bile were also analyzed. The most notable finding in the data set was the low EROD activity in eelpouts collected at the relatively polluted region in Germany compared to the other regions, which could be due to an inhibition of the CYP1A-system or to adaptation to chronic exposure of pollutants in this area. Additionally, low AChE activity was noted in the German region in the autumn campaign and low AChE activity detected in the Danish region in the spring campaign. These differences suggest possible season-specific differences in the use and release of AChE-inhibiting chemicals in the Danish and German regions. Clustering of biomarkers on site level indicated a relationship between CF and GSI and suggested that sites with a high CF contained eelpout that put a larger effort into their larvae development. Clustering of the oxidative stress markers GR, GST and CAT on the individual level reflected a possible coordinated regulation of these enzymes. Overall, the results support the importance of taking into account general regional differences and seasonal variation in biomarker activity when monitoring and assessing the effects of pollution. Despite the expected seasonal variation for most of the measured endpoint, several markers (GSI, EROD and CF) vary similarly between all selected sites in both spring and autumn. This suggests that the differences between sites for these endpoints are independent of season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noomi Asker
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Eva Albertsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emma Wijkmark
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sara Bergek
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-74242, Öregrund, Sweden; Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-178 93, Drottningholm, Sweden
| | - Jari Parkkonen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulrike Kammann
- Thünen Institute of Fisheries Ecology, D-22767, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Inger Holmqvist
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Kristiansson
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jakob Strand
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jens Gercken
- Institute of Applied Ecology Ltd., D-18184, Neu Broderstorf, Germany
| | - Lars Förlin
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
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13
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Wesch C, Barthel AK, Braun U, Klein R, Paulus M. No microplastics in benthic eelpout (Zoarces viviparus): An urgent need for spectroscopic analyses in microplastic detection. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 148:36-38. [PMID: 27198628 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring the ingestion of microplastics is challenging and suitable detection techniques are insufficiently used. Thus, misidentifying natural for synthetic microfibres cannot be avoided. As part of a framework to monitor the ingestion of microplastics in eelpout, this short report addresses the accurate identification of microfibres. We show that, following visual inspections, putatively synthetic microfibres are indeed of natural origin, as ascertained by spectrometric analyses. Consequently, we call for an inclusion of spectroscopic techniques in standardized microplastic monitoring schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Wesch
- Trier University, Department of Biogeography, Universitätsring 15, 54286 Trier, Germany; Trier University, Institute for Environmental and Technology Law, Behringstraße 21, 54296 Trier, Germany.
| | | | - Ulrike Braun
- Federal Institute of Material Research and Testing (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland Klein
- Trier University, Department of Biogeography, Universitätsring 15, 54286 Trier, Germany
| | - Martin Paulus
- Trier University, Department of Biogeography, Universitätsring 15, 54286 Trier, Germany
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14
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Asker N, Carney Almroth B, Albertsson E, Coltellaro M, Bignell JP, Hanson N, Scarcelli V, Fagerholm B, Parkkonen J, Wijkmark E, Frenzilli G, Förlin L, Sturve J. A gene to organism approach--assessing the impact of environmental pollution in eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) females and larvae. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2015; 34:1511-1523. [PMID: 25663503 PMCID: PMC5008212 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A broad biomarker approach was applied to study the effects of marine pollution along the Swedish west coast using the teleost eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) as the sentinel species. Measurements were performed on different biological levels, from the molecular to the organismal, including measurements of messenger RNA (mRNA), proteins, cellular and tissue changes, and reproductive success. Results revealed that eelpout captured in Stenungsund had significantly higher hepatic ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity, high levels of both cytochrome P4501A and diablo homolog mRNA, and high prevalence of dead larvae and nuclear damage in erythrocytes. Eelpout collected in Göteborg harbor displayed extensive macrovesicular steatosis, whereby the majority of hepatocytes were affected throughout the liver, which could indicate an effect on lipid metabolism. Results also indicate that eelpouts collected at polluted sites might have an affected immune system, with lower mRNA expression of genes involved in the innate immune system and a higher number of lymphocytes. Biomarker assessment also was performed on livers dissected from unborn eelpout larvae collected from the ovary of the females. No significant differences were noted, which might indicate that the larvae to some extent are protected from effects of environmental pollutants. In conclusion, usage of the selected set of biological markers, covering responses from gene to organism, has demonstrated site-specific biomarker patterns that provided a broad and comprehensive picture of the impact of environmental stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noomi Asker
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bethanie Carney Almroth
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Albertsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - John Paul Bignell
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, Dorset, United Kingdom
| | - Niklas Hanson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vittoria Scarcelli
- Department of Clinic and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Björn Fagerholm
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Coastal Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Väröbacka, Sweden
| | - Jari Parkkonen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emma Wijkmark
- Department of Mathematical Statistics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Giada Frenzilli
- Department of Clinic and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lars Förlin
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joachim Sturve
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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15
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Morthorst JE, Brande-Lavridsen N, Korsgaard B, Bjerregaard P. 17β-estradiol causes abnormal development in embryos of the viviparous eelpout. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:14668-14676. [PMID: 25380199 DOI: 10.1021/es5046698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Elevated frequencies of malformations among the offspring of Baltic eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) have been observed in aquatic environments receiving high anthropogenic input suggesting that manmade chemicals could be the causative agent. However, causal links between exposure to chemicals and abnormal development have never been confirmed in laboratory experiments. The purpose of this study was to investigate if exposure to 17β-estradiol (E2) causes abnormal development in larvae of the viviparous eelpout. Wild female eelpout were collected immediately after fertilization and exposed to E2 concentrations ranging from 5.7 to 133 ng L(-1) for 6 weeks in a flow through test system. The experiment shows that E2 concentrations of 53.6 and 133 ng L(-1) cause severe abnormal development among eelpout embryos. Reduced amount of ovarian fluid and increased weight of the ovarian sac indicate disturbance of ovarian function. Female plasma concentrations of E2 and vitellogenin increase in a monotonic concentration-response relationship with significant induction in the low concentration range. Our findings support the plausibility that the abnormal development among eelpout embryos encountered in monitoring programs may actually be caused by exposure to chemicals in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E Morthorst
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55, Odense M, DK-5230, Denmark
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16
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Day RD, Becker PR, Donard OFX, Pugh RS, Wise SA. Environmental specimen banks as a resource for mercury and mercury isotope research in marine ecosystems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2014; 16:10-27. [PMID: 24166047 DOI: 10.1039/c3em00261f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Environmental specimen banks (ESBs) have been a fundamental tool for many nations to monitor contaminant temporal and spatial trends, study fate and transport, and assess the severity and risks of pollution. The specimens archived in ESBs are among the longest time-series, most geographically robust, and highest integrity samples available for performing environmental research. Mercury (Hg) remains one of the world's most ubiquitous environmental contaminants, and ESBs have played a prominent role in Hg research. Historically this has involved measuring concentrations of Hg species in various environmental matrices, but the emerging field of Hg stable isotope research provides a new analytical approach that can augment these traditional techniques. Signatures of Hg isotope fractionation have been effectively used for source apportionment and for elucidating Hg biogeochemical cycling. As the research surrounding Hg stable isotopes continues to mature, ESBs can play a useful role in analytical quality control, provide a robust and economical sample archive to expand and diversify the inventory of Hg isotope measurements, and be used to develop and test hypotheses to evaluate whether broadly prevailing paradigms are supported. Samples archived in ESBs are available for request by external collaborators in order to perform high impact research, and should be utilized more effectively to address emerging global environmental concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rusty D Day
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Chemical Sciences Division, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, South Carolina 29412, USA.
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17
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Brande-Lavridsen N, Korsgaard B, Dahllöf I, Strand J, Tairova Z, Bjerregaard P. Abnormalities in eelpout Zoarces viviparus upon chemical exposure. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2013; 92:87-94. [PMID: 24080412 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Elevated frequencies of abnormal embryos in female eelpout Zoarces viviparus have been demonstrated in Danish, Swedish and German monitoring programmes at certain geographic locations with high levels of anthropogenic input. Pollutants present in areas with high malformation frequencies were selected and tested in a controlled laboratory experiment for their potential to induce abnormalities among eelpout embryos upon injection into pregnant eelpout. Tributyltin, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, pyrene, nonylphenol, 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromophenylether and heptadecafluorooctanesulfonic acid were tested, either individually or combined. Generally, the chemicals were transferred to eggs and/or embryos. Some of the exposures increased the proportion of broods with more than 10% abnormal or 5% malformed embryos, although the average percentages of abnormal development were not affected. Spinal, cranial and eye deformities were evident, similarly to what is seen in nature. Some of the exposures resulted in increased percentages of females with as well a low reproductive capacity as embryos with a low condition index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Brande-Lavridsen
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
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18
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Asker N, Kristiansson E, Albertsson E, Larsson DGJ, Förlin L. Hepatic transcriptome profiling indicates differential mRNA expression of apoptosis and immune related genes in eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) caught at Göteborg harbor, Sweden. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 130-131:58-67. [PMID: 23340333 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The physiology and reproductive performance of eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) have been monitored along the Swedish coast for more than three decades. In this study, transcriptomic profiling was applied for the first time as an exploratory tool to search for new potential candidate biomarkers and to investigate possible stress responses in fish collected from a chronically polluted area. An oligonucleotide microarray with more than 15,000 sequences was used to assess differentially expressed hepatic mRNA levels in female eelpout collected from the contaminated area at Göteborg harbor compared to fish from a national reference site, Fjällbacka. Genes involved in apoptosis and DNA damage (e.g., SMAC/diablo homolog and DDIT4/DNA-damage-inducible protein transcript 4) had higher mRNA expression levels in eelpout from the harbor compared to the reference site, whereas mRNA expression of genes involved in the innate immune system (e.g., complement components and hepcidin) and protein transport/folding (e.g., signal recognition particle and protein disulfide-isomerase) were expressed at lower levels. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis revealed that genes involved biological processes associated with protein folding, immune responses and complement activation were differentially expressed in the harbor eelpout compared to the reference site. The differential mRNA expression of selected genes involved in apoptosis/DNA damage and in the innate immune system was verified by quantitative PCR, using the same fish in addition to eelpout captured four years later. Thus, our approach has identified new potential biomarkers of pollutant exposure and has generated hypotheses on disturbed physiological processes in eelpout. Despite a higher mRNA expression of genes related to apoptosis (e.g., diablo homolog) in eelpout captured in the harbor there were no significant differences in the number of TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells between sites. The mRNA level of genes involved in apoptosis/DNA damage and the status of the innate immune system in fish species captured in polluted environments should be studied in more detail to lay the groundwork for future biomonitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noomi Asker
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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19
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Fricke NF, Stentiford GD, Feist SW, Lang T. Liver histopathology in Baltic eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) - A baseline study for use in marine environmental monitoring. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2012; 82:1-14. [PMID: 23040483 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2012.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The use of liver histopathology in various fish species as a biomarker in marine monitoring programmes to assess the biological effect of exposure to anthropogenic contaminants is well established. However, although the eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) has repeatedly been recommended as an appropriate bioindicator for monitoring purposes in the Baltic Sea, information on histopathological liver alterations of this species is scarce. In order to obtain an overview, a total of 1070 eelpout, collected in the period between spring 2001 and winter 2010 from 34 sampling sites distributed over large parts of the Baltic Sea, were histologically analyzed. Liver lesions were recorded and classified according to established liver lesion categories. A high prevalence of non-specific and early toxicopathic non-neoplastic hepatic lesions was recorded. In contrast, pre-neoplastic lesions were observed only in rare cases and neoplastic changes were absent. A comparison with published data on other fish species revealed that the observed alterations may indicate effects of environmental stressors including contaminants. The results of the present study, thus, support the application of eelpout liver histopathology in environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai F Fricke
- Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Deichstr. 12, 27472 Cuxhaven, Germany.
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20
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Albertsson E, Rad A, Sturve J, Larsson DGJ, Förlin L. Carbonyl reductase mRNA abundance and enzymatic activity as potential biomarkers of oxidative stress in marine fish. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2012; 80:56-61. [PMID: 22819450 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Carbonyl reductase (CBR) is an enzyme involved in protection from oxidative stress. In rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), the hepatic mRNA abundance of the two isoforms (A and B) is increased after exposure to treated sewage effluents, as well as after exposure with β-naphthoflavone (β-NF) and the pro-oxidant paraquat. In this study, we show that the same chemicals similarly increase the single known hepatic CBR mRNA level and CBR catalytic activity in the coastal living eelpout (Zoarces viviparus). Hepatic CBR mRNA abundance and catalytic activity were also compared between eelpout collected at contaminated and reference sites on the Swedish west coast, but no differences were observed. In conclusion, CBR is a potential biomarker candidate for monitoring the exposure and effects of AhR agonists and/or pro-oxidants in the marine environment, but more research is needed to investigate temporal regulation as well as dose dependency for different chemicals. The mRNA and enzymatic assays presented in this study provide two additional tools for researchers interested in expanding their biomarker battery.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Albertsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
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21
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Bergek S, Ma Q, Vetemaa M, Franzén F, Appelberg M. From individuals to populations: impacts of environmental pollution on natural eelpout populations. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 79:1-12. [PMID: 22364842 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Investigating how individuals are affected by environmental pollution is relatively straightforward, for example through conducting field studies or laboratory toxicity tests. Exploring such effects at a population level is considerably more difficult. Nonetheless, the exploration of population-level effects is important as the outcomes may differ from those seen at the individual level. Eelpout (Zoarces viviparus L.) have been used for several years as a bioindicator for hazard substances in both the field and laboratory tests, and individual effects on reproduction have been reported. However, the influence of these effects at the population level remained unexplored. In this study, four Leslie matrix models were parameterized using data from non-polluted eelpout populations (Skagerrak, Baltic Proper, Gulf of Bothnia and Gulf of Finland). The four sites represent an environmental gradient in salinity. Furthermore, life-history data revealed differences between the sites with growth rate, fecundity, age at maturity and longevity being the most significant. The effect of pollution on natural eelpout populations was then simulated by combining the outputs from the Leslie matrices with data from laboratory and field studies exploring reproductive impairment in contaminated environments. Our results show that despite differences in life-history characteristics between sites, survival of early life stages (i.e. larvae and zero-year-old fish) was the most important factor affecting population growth and persistence for all sites. The range of change in survival of larvae necessary to change population dynamics (i.e. growth) and persistence is well within the range documented in recipient and experimental studies of chemicals and industrial waste waters. Overall, larval malformation resulting from environmental pollution can have large effects on natural populations, leading to population losses and possibly even extinction. This study hereby contributes valuable knowledge by extending individual-level effects of environmental contaminants to the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bergek
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Coastal Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skolgatan 6, SE 74242 Öregrund, Sweden.
| | - Qi Ma
- Mathematics Department, Uppsala University, Box 480, SE 751 06 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Markus Vetemaa
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, EST 510 14 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Fredrik Franzén
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Coastal Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skolgatan 6, SE 74242 Öregrund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Appelberg
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Coastal Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skolgatan 6, SE 74242 Öregrund, Sweden
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22
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Tairova ZM, Strand J, Chevalier J, Andersen O. PAH biomarkers in common eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) from Danish waters. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2012; 75:45-53. [PMID: 21982560 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Eelpouts (Zoarces viviparus) sampled at surveillance stations during the fall of 2007 and spring 2008 in different Danish coastal areas, were studied for biomarkers of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exposure and effects. Two analytical techniques, synchronous fluorescence spectrometry (SFS) and high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC/F), were applied for detecting PAH metabolites in bile and urine. CYP1A activity, in this study regarded as potential biomarker of effect, was measured as 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity in liver of eelpouts from different stations. Biliary PAH metabolite measurements were used for monitoring the environmental PAH load at the surveillance stations. There was found significant difference in biliary PAH metabolite content between sexes with male fish containing higher concentrations of PAH metabolites than females. The urinary PAH metabolite content did not show the same spatial trends as biliary PAH metabolites. However, fish from Aarhus Bight and Vejle Fjord had significantly higher levels of PAH metabolites in both urine and bile compared to the reference station Agersø. Normalisation methods applied for bile and urine matrices did not have any effect or only slightly reduced the coefficients of variation in data sets. The CYP1A activity in eelpout liver did not show the same spatial distribution trends between sampling sites as did biliary or urinary PAH metabolite contents. Male eelpouts showed significantly higher CYP1A activity than females in fall sampling period but there were no differences found in the spring period. General comparison between both seasons showed that eelpouts sampled in the fall had significantly higher CYP1A activity than fish sampled during spring season. Overall, the results of this study describe selected biomarker responses in eelpouts to environmental PAH load at the different areas along Danish coasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanna M Tairova
- Department of Marine Ecology, National Environmental Research Institute, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
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Kreitsberg R, Tuvikene A, Baršienė J, Fricke NF, Rybakovas A, Andreikėnaitė L, Rumvolt K, Vilbaste S. Biomarkers of environmental contaminants in the coastal waters of Estonia (Baltic Sea): effects on eelpouts (Zoarces viviparus). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 14:2298-308. [DOI: 10.1039/c2em30285c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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