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Meng B, Min XZ, Xiao MY, Xie WX, Li WL, Cai MG, Xiao H, Zhang ZF. Multimedia distribution, dynamics, and seasonal variation of PAHs in Songhua wetland: Implications for ice-influenced conditions. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 354:141641. [PMID: 38460850 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
The knowledge of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in wetlands remains limited. There is a research need for the dynamics between interfaces of multimedia when ice is present in this fragile ecosystem. In this study, sediment, open-water, sub-ice water, and ice samples were collected from the Songhua wetland to study the behaviors of PAHs with and without influences from ice. The concentration of all individual PAHs in sub-ice water (370-1100 ng/L) were higher than the open-water collected from non-ice-covered seasons (50-250 ng/L). Enrichment of PAHs in the ice of wetland was found, particularly for high-molecular-weight PAHs (HMW). This could be attributed to the relatively lower polarity of hydrocarbons compounds, making them more likely to remain in the ice layer during freezing. Source assessments reveal common sources for sub-ice water and ice, which differ from those in the open water in non-ice-covered seasons. This difference is primarily attributed to heating activities in the Harbin during winter. The average percentage contributions were 79% for sub-ice water and 36% for ice related to vehicle exhausts and coal combustion. Additionally, wood burning contributed 25% to sub-ice water and 62% to ice. Sediment in the wetland was found to serve as a final deposit particularly for heavier PAHs, especially those with 6 rings. Sediment also has the potential to act as a source for the secondary emission of low-molecular-weight PAHs (LMW) congeners into the water. PAHs in wetland displayed low ecological risk, while HMW PAHs with relative higher ecological risk is recommended to be further monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Meng
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Heilongjiang Cold Region Wetland Ecology and Environment Research Key Laboratory, Harbin University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Xi-Ze Min
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), Polar Academy, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Meng-Yuan Xiao
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), Polar Academy, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin 150090, China
| | - Wen-Xi Xie
- Qiqihar Environmental Monitoring Station, No. 571 Bukunan Street, Longsha District, Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Wen-Long Li
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12237, United States
| | - Ming-Gang Cai
- Coastal and Ocean Management Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Zi-Feng Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), Polar Academy, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin 150090, China.
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2
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Fan B, Li Y. China's conservation and restoration of coastal wetlands offset much of the reclamation-induced blue carbon losses. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17039. [PMID: 37987506 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
China's coastal wetlands have experienced large losses and gains with rapid coastal reclamation and restoration since the end of the 20th century. However, owing to the difficulties in mapping soil organic carbon (SOC) in blue carbon stocks of coastal wetlands on a national scale, little is known about the spatial pattern of SOC stock in China's coastal wetlands and the loss and gain of SOC stock following coastal reclamation, conservation, and restoration over the past decades. Here, we developed a SOC stock map in China's coastal wetlands at 30 m spatial resolution, analyzed the spatial variability and driving factors of SOC stocks, and finally estimated SOC losses and gains due to coastal reclamation and wetland management from 1990 to 2020. We found that the total SOC stocks in China's coastal wetlands were 77.8 Tg C by 2020 with 3.6 Tg C in mangroves, 8.8 Tg C in salt marshes, and 65.4 Tg C in mudflats. Temperature, rainfall, and seawater salinity exerted the highest relative contributions to SOC spatial variability. The spatial trend of SOC density gradually decreased from south to north except for Liaoning province, with the lowest density in Shandong province. About 24.9% (19.4 Tg C) of SOC stocks in China's coastal wetlands were lost due to high-intensity reclamation, but SOC stock gained from conservation and restoration offset the reclamation-induced losses by 58.2% (11.3 Tg C) over the past three decades. These findings demonstrated the great potential of conservation and restoration of coastal wetlands in reversing the loss trend of blue carbon and contributing to the mitigation of climate change toward carbon neutrality. Our study provides significant spatial insights into the stocks, sequestration, and recovery capacity of blue carbon following rapid urbanization and management actions, which benefit the progress of global blue carbon management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxiong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yangfan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Ceccopieri M, Farias CO, Araújo M, Soares MLG, Estrada GCD, Wagener A, Hamacher C. Aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments as a tool for the assessment of the contamination status of mangrove forests in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 192:115049. [PMID: 37201352 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments from mangrove forests of the Rio de Janeiro State was investigated. Ten sampling stations were selected in the mangroves of Sepetiba Bay and the Jacarepaguá Lagoon Complex (JLC), which are areas affected by multiple human activities. The total aliphatic hydrocarbons concentrations showed marked variation between samples (27-407 μg g-1), mostly related to the total organic carbon contents. The total PAHs concentration ranged between 38 and 792 ng g-1. Diagnostic indices and statistical analysis showed that the mangrove forests can be divided into three groups: the western portion of Sepetiba Bay with the lowest level of contamination; the inner portion of the bay with the most intense presence of local sources of contamination, especially of pyrolytic character; and the JLC with a greater accumulation of hydrocarbons, mainly derived from petroleum combustion, resultant from the intense urbanization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Ceccopieri
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Biscayne Bay Campus, North Miami, FL 33181, USA; Laboratório de Geoquímica Orgânica Marinha (LAGOM), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-013, Brazil.
| | - Cássia O Farias
- Laboratório de Geoquímica Orgânica Marinha (LAGOM), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-013, Brazil
| | - Michelle Araújo
- Laboratório de Geoquímica Orgânica Marinha (LAGOM), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-013, Brazil
| | - Mario L G Soares
- Núcleo de Estudos em Manguezais (NEMA), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-013, Brazil
| | - Gustavo C D Estrada
- Núcleo de Estudos em Manguezais (NEMA), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-013, Brazil
| | - Angela Wagener
- Laboratório de Estudos Marinhos e Ambientais (LabMAM), Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22451-900, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Hamacher
- Laboratório de Geoquímica Orgânica Marinha (LAGOM), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-013, Brazil
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Diesbourg E, MacDonald M, Reid HB, MacKinnon R, Reinhart B, Mercer A, Crémazy A. State of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination in the Saint John Harbour, New Brunswick, Canada. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 189:114760. [PMID: 36863271 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the concentrations and compositions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contaminants in the surficial sediments of the Saint John Harbour (SJH) and assessed PAH exposure to local aquatic biota. Our findings suggest that sedimentary PAH contamination is heterogeneous and widespread in the SJH, with several sites exceeding the Canadian and NOAA recommended guidelines for the protection of aquatic life. Despite high concentrations of PAHs at some sites, there was no indication that local nekton was affected. Lack of a biological response may be due in part to a low bioavailability of sedimentary PAHs, presence of confounding factors (e.g., trace metals), and/or adaptation of local wildlife to the historic PAH contamination in this region. Overall, although no indication of effects to wildlife was observed with the data collected in the present study, continued efforts should be made to remediate highly contaminated areas and reduce the prevalence of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Diesbourg
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick E2K 5E2, Canada
| | - Morgan MacDonald
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick E2K 5E2, Canada
| | - Heather Bauer Reid
- Atlantic Coastal Action Program (ACAP Saint John), Saint John, New Brunswick E2L 3S3, Canada
| | - Roxanne MacKinnon
- Atlantic Coastal Action Program (ACAP Saint John), Saint John, New Brunswick E2L 3S3, Canada
| | - Bethany Reinhart
- Atlantic Coastal Action Program (ACAP Saint John), Saint John, New Brunswick E2L 3S3, Canada
| | - Angella Mercer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick E2K 5E2, Canada
| | - Anne Crémazy
- Centre Eau, Terre, Environnement de l'INRS, Quebec City, Quebec G1K 9A9, Canada.
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Robin SL, Marchand C. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in mangrove ecosystems: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 311:119959. [PMID: 35977644 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are organic pollutants of increasing concern in the different fields of the environment and human health. There are 16 of them that are recognized as priority pollutants by the US environmental protection agency due to their mutagenic and carcinogenic potentials. Due to their hydrophobicity and stability, they are persistent in the environment and can be transported over long distances. Their toxicological effects on multiple species, including humans, as well as their bioaccumulation in the food web became major topics in organic pollutants research this last decade. In the environment, multiple studies have been conducted on their accumulation in the soil and their degradation processes resulting in numerous review papers. However, the dynamics of PAHs in mangrove ecosystems is not yet completely understood. In this review paper, an exhaustive presentation of what is known about PAHs and their transfer, accumulation, and degradation in mangrove ecosystems is offered. This article brings to light the knowledge already acquired on the subject and the perspective research necessary to fully comprehend PAHs dynamics in mangrove ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Louise Robin
- Institut de Sciences Exactes et Appliquées (ISEA EA7484), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, 145 Avenue James Cook, Nouville, BP R4 98851, Nouméa Cedex, New Caledonia.
| | - Cyril Marchand
- Institut de Sciences Exactes et Appliquées (ISEA EA7484), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, 145 Avenue James Cook, Nouville, BP R4 98851, Nouméa Cedex, New Caledonia
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Yang Z, Fang Y, Liu J, Chen A, Cheng Y, Wang Y. Moderate acidification mitigates the toxic effects of phenanthrene on the mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 294:133783. [PMID: 35101431 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater acidification and phenanthrene may result in complex adverse effects on aquatic animals. Juvenile Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis) were exposed to different pH levels (7.8, 6.5, and 5.5) under phenanthrene (PHE) (0 (control) and 50 μg/L) conditions for 14 days. Antioxidant and transcriptomic responses were determined under stress conditions to evaluate the physiological adaptation of crabs. Under the control pH 7.8, PHE led to significantly reduced activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), but increased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), 7-ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (EROD) activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. However, moderate acidification (pH 6.5) changed PHE effects by increasing antioxidant enzymes. Acidification generally reduced SOD, GPx, GST and EROD activities, but increased CAT, GR, MDA. Compared with pH7.8 group, pH7.8 × PHE and pH6.5 × PHE groups had 1148 and 1498 differentially expressed genes, respectively, with "Biological process" being the main category in the two experimental groups. pH7.8 × PHE treatment caused significant enrichment of disease and immune-related pathways, while under pH6.5 × PHE, more pathways related to metabolism, detoxification, environmental information processing, and energy supply were significantly enriched. Thus, PHE had a significant inhibitory effect on antioxidant performance in crabs, while moderate acidification (pH6.5) mitigated the toxic effects of PHE. Overall, moderate acidification has a positive effect on the defense against the negative effects of PHE in Chinese mitten crabs, and this study provides insights into the defense mechanism of crustaceans in response to combined stress of acidification and PHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yucheng Fang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jiani Liu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Aqin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yongxu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Youji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
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Robin SL, Marchand C, Ham B, Pattier F, Laporte-Magoni C, Serres A. Influences of species and watersheds inputs on trace metal accumulation in mangrove roots. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 787:147438. [PMID: 34000538 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mangrove forest is a key ecosystem between land and sea, and provides many services such as trapping sediments and contaminants. These contaminants include trace metals (TM) that can accumulate in mangroves soil and biota. This paper innovates by the comparative study of the effects of the watershed inputs on TM distribution in mangrove soil, on roots bioconcentration factors of two species (Avicennia marina and Rhizophora stylosa), and on Fe plaque formation and immobilization of these TM. Two mangrove forests in New Caledonia were chosen as study sites. One mangrove is located downstream ultramafic rocks and a Ni mine (ultrabasic site), whereas the second mangrove ends a volcano-sedimentary watershed (non-ultrabasic site). TM concentrations (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) were measured in soil, porewaters, and roots of both species via ICP-OES or Hg analyzer. Analyzed TM were significantly more concentrated in soils at the ultrabasic site with Fe, Cr, and Ni the most abundant. Iron, Mn, and Ni were the most concentrated in the roots with mean values of 9,651, 192, and 133 mg kg-1 respectively. However, the bioconcentration factors (BCF) of Fe (0.16) and Ni (0.11) were low due to a lack of ions in the dissolved phase and potential uptake regulation. The uptake of TM by mangrove trees was influenced by concentrations in soil, but more importantly by their potential bioavailability and the physiological characteristics of each species. TM concentrations and BCF were lower for R. stylosa probably due to less permeable root system. A. marina limits TM absorption through Fe plaque formation on its pneumatophores with a capacity to retain TM up to 94% for Mn. Mean Fe plaque formation is potentially correlated to Fe concentration in soil. Eventually, framboids of pyrite were observed within root tissues in the epidermis of A. marina's pneumatophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Louise Robin
- Institut de Sciences Exactes et Appliquées (ISEA EA7484), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, 145 Avenue James Cook, Nouville, BP R4 98851, Nouméa Cedex, New Caledonia.
| | - Cyril Marchand
- Institut de Sciences Exactes et Appliquées (ISEA EA7484), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, 145 Avenue James Cook, Nouville, BP R4 98851, Nouméa Cedex, New Caledonia
| | - Brian Ham
- Institut de Sciences Exactes et Appliquées (ISEA EA7484), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, 145 Avenue James Cook, Nouville, BP R4 98851, Nouméa Cedex, New Caledonia
| | - France Pattier
- Institut de Sciences Exactes et Appliquées (ISEA EA7484), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, 145 Avenue James Cook, Nouville, BP R4 98851, Nouméa Cedex, New Caledonia
| | - Christine Laporte-Magoni
- Institut de Sciences Exactes et Appliquées (ISEA EA7484), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, 145 Avenue James Cook, Nouville, BP R4 98851, Nouméa Cedex, New Caledonia
| | - Arnaud Serres
- Institut de Sciences Exactes et Appliquées (ISEA EA7484), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, 145 Avenue James Cook, Nouville, BP R4 98851, Nouméa Cedex, New Caledonia
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Zhao C, Xu J, Shang D, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Xie H, Kong Q, Wang Q. Application of constructed wetlands in the PAH remediation of surface water: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 780:146605. [PMID: 34030309 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pose adverse risks to ecosystems and public health because of their carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. As such, the extensive occurrence of PAHs represents a worldwide concern that requires urgent solutions. Wastewater treatment plants are not, however, designed for PAH removal and often become sources of the PAHs entering surface waters. Among the technologies applied in PAH remediation, constructed wetlands (CWs) exhibit several cost-effective and eco-friendly advantages, yet a systematic examination of the application and success of CWs for PAH remediation is missing. This review discusses PAH occurrence, distribution, and seasonal patterns in surface waters during the last decade to provide baseline information for risk control and further treatment. Furthermore, based on the application of CWs in PAH remediation, progress in understanding and optimising PAH-removal mechanisms is discussed focussing on sediments, plants, and microorganisms. Wetland plant traits are key factors affecting the mechanisms of PAH removal in CWs, including adsorption, uptake, phytovolatilization, and biodegradation. The physico-chemical characteristics of PAHs, environmental conditions, wetland configuration, and operation parameters are also reviewed as important factors affecting PAH removal efficiency. Whilst significant progress has been made, several key problems need to be addressed to ensure the success of large-scale CW projects. These include improving performance in cold climates and addressing the toxic threshold effects of PAHs on wetland plants. Overall, this review provides future direction for research on PAH removal using CWs and their large-scale operation for the treatment of PAH-contaminated surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Zhao
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jingtao Xu
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Dawei Shang
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yanmeng Zhang
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Huijun Xie
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Qiang Kong
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
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Jia H, Li J, Li Y, Lu H, Liu J, Yan C. The remediation of PAH contaminated sediment with mangrove plant and its derived biochars. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 268:110410. [PMID: 32389897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jia
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China; Institute of Environment and Ecology, Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yi Li
- Guizhou Provincial Environmental Monitoring Center, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Haoliang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jingchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Chongling Yan
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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Shi Y, Zhang Y, Du Y, Kong D, Wu Q, Hong Y, Wang Y, Tam NFY, Leung JYS. Occurrence, composition and biological risk of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in water of the Pearl River Estuary, South China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:14852-14862. [PMID: 32060833 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Since the production of brominated flame retardants has been gradually phased out, organophosphate esters (OPEs) are increasingly used as the substitutes. Given their toxicity and water solubility, OPEs may jeopardize the aquatic environment and organisms. Here, we examined the concentration, composition, and biological risk of OPEs in the water collected from the eight major waterways in the Pearl River Delta, a highly industrialized region in China. We found a widespread occurrence of OPEs in this region (∑9OPEs: 134 to 442 ng L-1), dominated by TCPP, TCEP, and TnBP. Halogenated OPEs were dominant over alkyl and aromatic OPEs. The biological risk of OPEs, mainly contributed by TPhP and TnBP, was low (RQ < 0.1). The contamination level of OPEs in the Pearl River Delta was likely associated with the degree of industrial activities. Although OPEs posed low risk to aquatic organisms, more attention should be paid to some OPEs in the future, such as TnBP, due to the high usage and toxicity. Considering the concentrations of OPEs worldwide and their usage, OPEs may become the emerging pollutants of global concern in the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Shi
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Monitoring and Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Ecology and Environment Administration of Pearl River Valley and South China Sea, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510611, China
| | - Yongming Du
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Deguan Kong
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qihang Wu
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yiguo Hong
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Nora F Y Tam
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jonathan Y S Leung
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
- Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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11
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Mansour C, Guibbolini M, Rouane Hacene O, Saidane Mosbahi D, Risso-de Faverney C. Oxidative Stress and Damage Biomarkers in Clam Ruditapes decussatus Exposed to a Polluted Site: The Reliable Biomonitoring Tools in Hot and Cold Seasons. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 78:478-494. [PMID: 32016484 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-020-00713-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a multi-biomarker approach was used to assess the biological effects of metal pollution in the southern lagoon of Tunis, on clam Ruditapes decussatus both in "hot" (in summer) and "cold" (in winter) seasons. Clams were collected in August 2015 and February 2016 from three sites of the lagoon and from Louza considered a reference site. The concentrations of five trace metals (cadmium, copper, iron, lead, and zinc) in the soft tissues of R. decussatus were evaluated at the sampling sites. A core of biomarkers indicative of (a) neurotoxicity (acetylcholinesterase, AChE); (b) biotransformation (glutathione S-transferase, GST); (c) oxidative stress (catalase, CAT; total glutathione peroxidase, T-GPx; total glutathione peroxidase, T-GPx; selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase, Se-GPx; glutathione reductase, GR; superoxide dismutase, SOD) (d) lipid peroxidation (malondialdhyde, MDA level), and (e) apoptotic process (caspase 3-like, CSP3) was selected for measurements of environmental effects on the populations of clams collected from the different sampling sites. The results of metal bioaccumulation in soft tissues of Ruditapes decussatus revealed a high pollution in the South Lagoon of Tunis with spatial variation and relatively high levels at the navigation channel. Anthropogenic pollutants in the lagoon led to the activation of antioxidant defense and biotransformation enzymes to oxidative damage of the membrane and activation of apoptosis, and revealed neurotoxicity. Among this core of biomarkers, the antioxidants enzymes (CAT, SOD, GR, and GPx) were very sensitive, allowing the discrimination among sites and pointing to the navigation channel as the most impacted site in the southern lagoon of Tunis. Moreover, a significant effect of season was recorded on biomarkers responses (e.g., CAT, GR, SOD, AChE, and CSP3 activities and MDA levels) with higher levels in winter than in summer, probably influenced by the reproductive stage and food availability. Finally, the measurement of the selected core of biomarkers in the whole soft tissues of clams was considered as an integrated indicator of environmental stress. Moreover, R. decussatus proved to be a remarkable sentinel species capable to establish a reliable diagnosis of the health status of the marine environment in different areas of the southern lagoon of Tunis, both in "hot" and "cold" seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chalbia Mansour
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Ibn Sina Street, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Marielle Guibbolini
- University Côte d'Azur, CNRS, ECOSEAS, UMR 7035, 28 Avenue Valrose BP 71, 06108, Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - Omar Rouane Hacene
- Laboratoire Réseau de Surveillance Environnementale (LRSE), Department of Biology, University of Oran, 1 Ahmed Ben Bella, BP 1524 El M'naouer, 31000, Oran, Algeria
| | - Dalila Saidane Mosbahi
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Ibn Sina Street, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
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12
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Sutilli M, Combi T, Garcia MRD, Martins CC. One century of historical deposition and flux of hydrocarbons in a sediment core from a South Atlantic RAMSAR subtropical estuary. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 706:136017. [PMID: 31855633 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Levels and fluxes of Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and aliphatic hydrocarbons (AHs), including n-alkanes and petroleum biomarkers (PBMs), were measured in a sedimentary core from a nominated RAMSAR (Guaratuba Bay, Brazil) subtropical estuary experiencing relatively low human impacts, to describe the evolution of anthropogenic activities over the last century. TOC contents varied from 0.80 to 1.25%. No significant correlation between hydrocarbons and TOC with grain size (predominantly sand) was observed. Concentration and flux of total AHs ranged from 65.5 to 195 μg g-1 and 27.6 to 82.0 μg cm-2 y-1, respectively, with the highest levels found in 1960-1966, when access routes to Guaratuba city were improved. Diagnostic ratios based on AH components showed an apparent change in the sources over time, with biogenic origins prevailing until 1966-1971, followed by subsequent increases in petroleum sources. Petroleum tricyclic terpanes were detected in the core (0.40 to 3.0 μg g-1), suggesting the use of lubricating oil in the bay area. Hopanes were mainly attributed to biological sources. Concentration and flux of total PAHs ranged from 8.65 to 35.9 ng g-1 and 3.64 to 15.1 ng cm-2 y-1, respectively, with the highest levels found in the top core section, reflecting recently increased human activity, while a peak PAH concentration at approximately 1977-1983 can be assumed to be a delayed signal of increased human occupation as a consequence of the improvement of access roads to the area, which started in the 1960s. Alkylated were the most abundant group of PAHs throughout the core. Despite relatively low concentrations of hydrocarbon deposition over approximately 90 years, this study highlights the influence of human occupation and slight petroleum contamination in this preserved area, mainly in recent core sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Sutilli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemas Costeiros e Oceânicos (PGSISCO), Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil..
| | - Tatiane Combi
- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil.; Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo s/n, 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Marina Reback Domingues Garcia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemas Costeiros e Oceânicos (PGSISCO), Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil
| | - César C Martins
- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil..
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13
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Araújo MP, Hamacher C, de Oliveira Farias C, Martinho P, de Oliveira Chaves F, Gomes Soares ML. Assessment of brazilian mangroves hydrocarbon contamination from a latitudinal perspective. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 150:110673. [PMID: 31744608 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the contamination of Brazilian mangroves sediments by aliphatic hydrocarbons (AHs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Samples were obtained from mangroves located along the brazilian coast, between the northern coast and the austral limit of the occurrence of this ecosystem. Total AH ranged from 1.9 to 311.3 μg g-1 and compound distribution pointed to biogenic sources, mainly from mangrove forests, and petrogenic sources, with a significant presence of an unresolved complex mixture in some areas. PAH values (34.4-977.3 ng g-1) indicated low to moderate contamination levels in mangrove sediments, reflecting the socioeconomic diversity observed along the Brazilian coast. The predominant PAH sources ranged from pyrolytic to petrogenic. According to sediment quality reference values, the evaluated sediments are not likely to cause biological effects, but deserve attention due to the current expansion scenario of oil prospecting activities off the Brazilian coast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Passos Araújo
- Laboratório de Geoquímica Orgânica Marinha (LAGOM)/Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Núcleo de Estudos em Manguezais (NEMA)/Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Cláudia Hamacher
- Laboratório de Geoquímica Orgânica Marinha (LAGOM)/Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cássia de Oliveira Farias
- Laboratório de Geoquímica Orgânica Marinha (LAGOM)/Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Plínio Martinho
- Laboratório de Geoquímica Orgânica Marinha (LAGOM)/Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Filipe de Oliveira Chaves
- Núcleo de Estudos em Manguezais (NEMA)/Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mário Luiz Gomes Soares
- Laboratório de Geoquímica Orgânica Marinha (LAGOM)/Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Núcleo de Estudos em Manguezais (NEMA)/Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Stern J, Kaiser D, Przibilla A, Schulz-Bull DE, Waniek JJ. Trace metals and persistent organic pollutants fingerprint on the particle flux in the deep subtropical NE Atlantic. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 145:508-516. [PMID: 31590818 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Particle flux material collected in 2000 m depth in the Northeast Atlantic at 33°N and 22°W was analyzed for trace metals and persistent organic pollutants. Element enrichment factors relative to lithogenic Al were elevated indicating possible anthropogenic contributions for all trace metals except V. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls and the pesticide DDT exhibited median fluxes of 10.40 μg m-2d-1,0.29 μg m-2 d-1, and 0.90 μg m-2 d-1, respectively. Flux composition reflected long range transport, with low molecular weight and low-chlorinated compounds dominating ∑15PAH and ∑23PCB. PAH isomer ratios identified fossil fuel combustion as the main ∑15PAH source. The composition of ∑4DDT suggested inputs of the fresh technical pesticide during high dust intensity periods. Pollutant fluxes showed seasonality linked to export production in the region, as well as a dependence on annual and sub-annual dust input events.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stern
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Warnemünde, Germany, Seestrasse 15, 18119 Rostock
| | - D Kaiser
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Warnemünde, Germany, Seestrasse 15, 18119 Rostock
| | - A Przibilla
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Warnemünde, Germany, Seestrasse 15, 18119 Rostock
| | - D E Schulz-Bull
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Warnemünde, Germany, Seestrasse 15, 18119 Rostock
| | - J J Waniek
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Warnemünde, Germany, Seestrasse 15, 18119 Rostock.
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15
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Ping L, Luo Y. Phenanthrene adsorption on soils from the Yangtze River Delta region under different pH and temperature conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2019; 41:267-274. [PMID: 30073447 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0165-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The phenanthrene (PHE) adsorption on soils from the Yangtze River Delta region under different pH and temperature conditions was studied in the laboratory. Results showed that the sorption of PHE on all soils was nonlinear and fitted to the Freundlich isotherm. The PHE adsorption on the soils is related to the content of organic carbons and the environmental conditions. There was a positive correlation (the correlation coefficient was 0.956) between the PHE adsorption and the soil organic carbon content. Adsorption on the soils at 15 °C ambient temperature was higher than at 25 °C, which was related to PHE solubility enthalpy. Adsorption on the soils in background solution at pH 5.0 was higher than in those at pH 6.2 and 7.5, which may be related to alteration of the hydrophobic character of humic substances. This study showed that intrinsic organic carbons influenced the adsorption of PHE, which was affected by environmental conditions, such as pH and temperature. Therefore, the characteristics of soil organic carbon should be considered first for implementing effective schemes for the remediation of contaminated soils and in the formulation of soil environmental quality standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Ping
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, People's Republic of China.
- Soil and Environment Bioremediation Research Centre, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongming Luo
- Soil and Environment Bioremediation Research Centre, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Wu Q, Liu Z, Liang J, Kuo DTF, Chen S, Hu X, Deng M, Zhang H, Lu Y. Assessing pollution and risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants in China's top coal-producing region. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:102. [PMID: 30685817 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7225-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Managing and disposing of sewage sludge have been a severe environmental challenge around the world. China produces hundreds of million tons of sewage sludge annually, and a better understanding of the extent and risk of the associated pollution is of critical importance for implementing environmentally safe regulations and practices. The present study examined the quantity, composition, source, and risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sewage sludge from 18 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Shaanxi, one of China's top coal-producing provinces. The total concentrations of 16 PAHs varied from 778 to 3264 ng/g dry weight, which is below the upper safety limit (5000 ng/g dry weight) set for the disposal of sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants for agricultural use in China. However, the concentration of individual PAH compound exceeded the acceptable level prescribed by the Netherland Soil Standard. Three-ring PAHs were the most abundant constituent (50% of total PAHs on average), followed by four-ring PAHs averaging 25%. Relative to sludge PAHs in the same region a decade ago, the total concentrations decreased by more than 27% and the composition shifted to a more pronounced dominance by low molecular weight compounds. This compositional shift suggests higher contributions of petrogenic sources, which may reflect China's increasing consumption of petroleum products over the past decade. The flux of sludge PAHs from each WWTP was positively correlated with the corresponding city's GDP and population, and the total flux amounted to over 100 kg each year for WWTPs in the Xi'an city. The mean toxicity equivalent quantity (TEQ) value was more than twice higher than the value recommended by the Netherlands Soil Standard, and seven carcinogenic PAHs were the primary contributor (i.e., 89-99%) of the TEQ. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that sewage sludge PAHs in Shaanxi constitute a significant source of environmental pollution and toxicity, which cautions against the direct discharge and reuse of sewage sludge and further highlights challenges in managing and disposing of the vast quantities of sewage sludge in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihang Wu
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhineng Liu
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Junyan Liang
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dave T F Kuo
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Shejun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xiaodong Hu
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Mingjun Deng
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Haozhi Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - YueHan Lu
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Alabama, 201 7th. Ave., Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA.
- SUSTech Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Rd., Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
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17
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Davis E, Walker TR, Adams M, Willis R. Characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in small craft harbour (SCH) sediments in Nova Scotia, Canada. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 137:285-294. [PMID: 30503437 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been widely studied in sediments due to their ubiquity and persistence in aquatic environments and potential for impairment to biota. Small craft harbour (SCH) sediments in Nova Scotia (NS), Canada, have yet to be studied comprehensively. SCHs are essential to the fishing industry, which is important for the Canadian economy. This spatiotemporal characterization study evaluated thirty-one SCHs across NS between 2001 and 2017 by analyzing sediment reports (secondary data). Sediment PAH concentrations varied widely across all SCHs. Few SCHs exhibited sediment PAH concentrations likely to impair biota based on comparison to sediment quality guidelines. Sediments in the Gulf region of NS were least impacted by PAHs, while the Southwest region was most impacted. Distribution of individual PAHs in sediments follows global trends, with high molecular weight PAHs dominating samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Davis
- School for Resource and Environmental Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Tony R Walker
- School for Resource and Environmental Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Michelle Adams
- School for Resource and Environmental Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Rob Willis
- Dillon Consulting Limited, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3S 1B3, Canada
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18
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Liu Z, Li Q, Wu Q, Kuo DTF, Chen S, Hu X, Deng M, Zhang H, Luo M. Removal Efficiency and Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in a Typical Municipal Wastewater Treatment Facility in Guangzhou, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14080861. [PMID: 28763031 PMCID: PMC5580565 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14080861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The loading and removal efficiency of 16 US EPA polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were examined in an inverted A²/O wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) located in an urban area in China. The total PAH concentrations were 554.3 to 723.2 ng/L in the influent and 189.6 to 262.7 ng/L in the effluent. The removal efficiencies of ∑PAHs in the dissolved phase ranged from 63 to 69%, with the highest observed in naphthalene (80% removal). Concentration and distribution of PAHs revealed that the higher molecular weight PAHs became more concentrated with treatment in both the dissolved phase and the dewatered sludge. The sharpest reduction was observed during the pretreatment and the biological phase. Noncarcinogenic risk, carcinogenic risk, and total health risk of PAHs found in the effluent and sewage sludge were also assessed. The effluent BaP toxic equivalent quantities (TEQBaP) were above, or far above, standards in countries. The potential toxicities of PAHs in sewage effluent were approximately 10 to 15 times higher than the acceptable risk level in China. The health risk associated with the sewage sludge also exceeded international recommended levels and was mainly contributed from seven carcinogenic PAHs. Given that WWTP effluent is a major PAH contributor to surface water bodies in China and better reduction efficiencies are achievable, the present study highlights the possibility of utilizing WWTPs for restoring water quality in riverine and coastal regions heavily impacted by PAHs contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhineng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality Safety and Protection in Pearl River Delta (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality Safety and Protection in Pearl River Delta (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Qihang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality Safety and Protection in Pearl River Delta (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Quality Safety and Protection in Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Dave T F Kuo
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| | - Shejun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Xiaodong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality Safety and Protection in Pearl River Delta (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Mingjun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality Safety and Protection in Pearl River Delta (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Haozhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality Safety and Protection in Pearl River Delta (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Min Luo
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality Safety and Protection in Pearl River Delta (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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19
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Kaiser D, Schulz-Bull DE, Waniek JJ. Profiles and inventories of organic pollutants in sediments from the central Beibu Gulf and its coastal mangroves. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 153:39-47. [PMID: 27010165 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sediment cores from the central Beibu Gulf and its northern coastal mangroves were analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), the organo-chlorine pesticides dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), to reconstruct the organic pollution history of developing south-west China. Reflecting regional development, in the gulf ∑PAH (38-74 ng g(-1)) decreased towards the surface after peak concentrations near 10 cm, while ∑DDT (ND - 0.5 ng g(-1)) increased due to fresh inputs, and HCB (ND - 0.04 ng g(-1)) occurred only in surface sediments. Profiles in mangrove sediments showed a continuing local scale increase in ∑PAH (29-438 ng g(-1)) as well as ∑DDT (0.2-41.0 ng g(-1)) and HCB (0.01-1.01 ng g(-1)) pollution, despite some variability. No trend was evident for ∑PCB (ND - 0.22 ng g(-1)), which was not detected in the central gulf. Calculated loads estimate that 2816 ng cm(-2) PAHs and 7 ng cm(-2) DDTs are stored in depositional areas of the Beibu Gulf. Mangrove sediments, threatened by land-use-change, contain 1400-4600 ng cm(-2) PAHs and 34-39 ng cm(-2) DDTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kaiser
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Seestr. 15, 18199 Rostock, Germany; Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology, Fahrenheitstr. 6-8, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Detlef E Schulz-Bull
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Seestr. 15, 18199 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Joanna J Waniek
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Seestr. 15, 18199 Rostock, Germany.
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20
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Dudhagara DR, Rajpara RK, Bhatt JK, Gosai HB, Sachaniya BK, Dave BP. Distribution, sources and ecological risk assessment of PAHs in historically contaminated surface sediments at Bhavnagar coast, Gujarat, India. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 213:338-346. [PMID: 26925756 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The concentration, distribution and ecological risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been investigated in surface sediments near Bhavnagar coast. The concentration of ∑PAHs ranged from 5.02 to 981.18 μg g(-1) dry weight, indicating heavy pollution compared to other historically polluted study sites. It was found to be introduced via mixed origins such as burning of gas, oil, coal, production of petrochemicals, cement, and rubber tires. Domestic fuel burning and motor vehicles are also culprits for air pollution. Industrial effluents and accidental oil spillage can also be considered. PAHs can be exposed through air, water, soil and food sources including ingestion, inhalation, and dermal content in both occupational and non-occupational levels by single or sometimes multiple exposures routes concomitantly. Furthermore, diagnostic ratios, statistical principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) models have confirmed that the sources of PAHs were both - petrogenic and pyrogenic. For both the sites, assessment of ecological risk of the elevated levels of these pollutants has been exercised based on toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) and risk quotient (RQ) methods. The composite results indicated accurately that both the sites, bears potentially acute and chronic health hazards such as decreased immune functionality, genotoxicity, malignancy and developmental malfunctions in humans. The sites studied here and the workers have been exposed to hazardous pollutants for a longer period of time. Evidences indicate that mixtures of PAHs are carcinogenic to humans, based on occupational studies on workers, exposed to these pollutants. Hence, the present study and statistical approaches applied herein clearly indicate the historic mix routes of PAHs that resulted in magnified concentrations leading to high ecosystem risk. Thus, the scientific communities are urged to develop strategies to minimize the concentrations of PAHs from the historically impacted coastlines, thereby concerning for the future investigations and restoration of these sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dushyant R Dudhagara
- Department of Life Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, 364001, Gujarat, India
| | - Rahul K Rajpara
- Department of Life Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, 364001, Gujarat, India
| | - Jwalant K Bhatt
- Department of Life Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, 364001, Gujarat, India
| | - Haren B Gosai
- Department of Life Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, 364001, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhumi K Sachaniya
- Department of Life Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, 364001, Gujarat, India
| | - Bharti P Dave
- Department of Life Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, 364001, Gujarat, India.
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Wu Q, Leung JYS, Yuan X, Huang X, Li H, Huang Z, Li Y. Biological risk, source and pollution history of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the sediment in Nansha mangrove, South China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 96:57-64. [PMID: 26021291 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the last century, organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been extensively used, especially in South China, to promote crop yield. In view of their toxicity, persistence and bioavailability, however, the Chinese government has attempted to regulate their production and use. We aimed to examine the biological risk, source and pollution history of OCPs in the sediment in Nansha mangrove which is located in the industrial region in South China. Results showed that HCHs and DDTs, mainly originating from lindane and technical DDT respectively, were the dominant OCPs, but their concentrations were too low to cause adverse effects on biota. In the last decade, the total concentration of HCHs showed a decreasing trend, whereas DDTs remained stable, despite their limited input. This suggests that management of HCHs was effective, while more management efforts should be put on DDTs, especially the use of dicofol and technical DDT, in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihang Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Quality Safety and Protection in Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Water Quality Safety and Protection in Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jonathan Y S Leung
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Xin Yuan
- Impact Environmental Consulting, Inc., 170 Keyland Ct., Bohemia, NY 11716, United States
| | - Xuexia Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Quality Safety and Protection in Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Department of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhuying Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Quality Safety and Protection in Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yang Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Quality Safety and Protection in Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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