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Whitehead DA, Gayford JH, Pancaldi F, Gobbato J, Boldrin G, Tringali M, Ketchum JT, Magaña FG, Seveso D, Montano S. Heavy metal and trace element concentrations in the blood of scalloped hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna lewini) from La Paz Bay, México. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 201:116155. [PMID: 38401387 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Sharks are particularly susceptible to bioaccumulation due to their life history characteristics and trophic position within marine ecosystems. Despite this, studies of bioaccumulation cover only a small proportion of extant species. In this study we report concentrations of trace elements and heavy metals in blood samples of Sphyrna lewini for the first time. We report high concentrations of several trace elements and heavy metals, with concentrations of some elements exceeding the limit determined safe for human consumption. High elemental concentrations may reflect biochemical differences between blood plasma and other tissues; however, they may also be symptomatic of high levels of exposure triggered by anthropogenic activities. We also provide evidence of elemental accumulation through ontogeny, the nature of which differs from that previously reported. Ultimately, this baseline study increases our understanding of interspecific and intraspecific variation in bioaccumulation and ecotoxicology in elasmobranchs which may prove important in ensuring adequate management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren A Whitehead
- Investigación Tiburones Mexico A.C, Mexico; Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, 23096 La Paz, Mexico.
| | - Joel H Gayford
- Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park Campus, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Shark Measurements, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Pancaldi
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, 23096 La Paz, Mexico
| | - Jacopo Gobbato
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, Italy; MaRHE Center (Marine Research and High Education Center), Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll 12030, Maldives
| | - Giulia Boldrin
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Tringali
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - James T Ketchum
- Pelagios Kakunjá A.C., 23060 La Paz, Mexico; Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Noroeste (CIBNOR), La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico; MigraMar, Bodega Bay, CA, United States of America
| | - Felipe Galvan Magaña
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, 23096 La Paz, Mexico
| | - Davide Seveso
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, Italy; MaRHE Center (Marine Research and High Education Center), Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll 12030, Maldives
| | - Simone Montano
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, Italy; MaRHE Center (Marine Research and High Education Center), Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll 12030, Maldives
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2
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Galli M, Olavarrieta Garcia T, Baini M, Urbán R J, Ramírez-Macías D, Viloria-Gómora L, Panti C, Martellini T, Cincinelli A, Fossi MC. Microplastic occurrence and phthalate ester levels in neuston samples and skin biopsies of filter-feeding megafauna from La Paz Bay (Mexico). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 192:115086. [PMID: 37236093 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of microplastics on filter feeders megafauna have recently received increased attention. These organisms are potentially exposed to plastic ingestion and the release of added/sorbed contaminants during feeding activities. An assessment of microplastic abundance and the chemical impact of Phthalates esters (PAEs) were performed in neustonic samples and skin biopsies of Balaenoptera physalus and Rhincodon typus inhabiting the Gulf of California (Mexico). Sixty-eight percent of the net tows contained plastics with a maximum of 0.24 items/m3 mainly composed of polyethylene fragments. PAE levels were detected both in environmental and skin biopsy samples, with the highest values in the fin whale specimens (5291 ng/g d.w). Plasticizer fingerprint showed a similar distribution pattern between neustonic samples and filter-feeding species, with DEHP and MBP having the highest concentrations. The detection of PAE levels confirmed their potential role as plastic tracers and give preliminary information about the toxicological status of these species feeding in La Paz Bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Galli
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Tabata Olavarrieta Garcia
- Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Autonomous University of Baja California Sur, La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico
| | - Matteo Baini
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Jorge Urbán R
- Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Autonomous University of Baja California Sur, La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico
| | - Deni Ramírez-Macías
- Tiburon Ballena Mexico proyecto de Conexiones Terramar AC, La Paz, BCS, Mexico
| | - Lorena Viloria-Gómora
- Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Autonomous University of Baja California Sur, La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico
| | - Cristina Panti
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Tania Martellini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cincinelli
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Fossi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Kong X, Zhang J, Li Y, Otsuka S, Liu Q, He Q. Selenium in the liver facilitates the biodilution of mercury in the muscle of Planiliza haematocheilus in the Jiaozhou Bay, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 258:114981. [PMID: 37163907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
There are increasing evidences that the biodilution effect can significantly reduce the biomagnification of mercury (Hg) in fish. The significant antagonism of selenium (Se) -Hg may have a potential diluting effect on Hg in fish; however, there is still lack of knowledge on such effect. To reveal the Se-Hg interaction and its role in controlling the biodilution effect of Hg, we investigated levels of Hg and Se in the muscle and liver of redlip mullet from Jiaozhou Bay, China, an urbanized semi-enclosed bay highly impacted by human activities. In general, Hg levels in fish muscle were significantly negatively correlated to the levels of Se in the liver and fish size for fish with a size of < 200 mm, indicating that the antagonistic effect of Se on Hg increased with fish growth. This relationship was not significant for fish with a size of > 200 mm, possibly because the normal metabolism of Hg in muscle was hindered by homeostatic regulation or physiological activities such as gonadal development in vivo. Furthermore, the molar ratio of Se in the liver/Hg in the muscle was significantly increasing with Se/Hg in the liver, suggesting that the liver may be the key organ involved in Se-Hg antagonism. Moreover, both ratios continued to decrease with increasing fish size, implying that the antagonistic effect weakens with fish growth. These results indicate that Hg sequestration by liver may be a key mechanism of Se-Hg antagonism in fish and function as a driver for the biodilution effect of Hg, especially at a size of < 200 mm. These findings are further supported by the established linear model of Se-Hg antagonism at different developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Kong
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Faculty of Science, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 9308555, Japan.
| | - Yanbin Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Shinpei Otsuka
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 9308555, Japan
| | - Qian Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Qian He
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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4
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Boldrocchi G, Monticelli D, Bettinetti R. To what extent are filter feeder elasmobranchs exposed to marine pollution? A systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 318:120881. [PMID: 36528198 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Filter feeding elasmobranchs may be considered as biological indicators of marine pollution, despite most of these species are under some degree of extinction risk. Among threats to this taxonomic group, marine pollution might represent an additional concern for their survival. In this review, a comprehensive systematic search of scientific literature on pollutants in filter feeding elasmobranchs was conducted to evaluate the bioaccumulation patterns, and risk for human consumers. We found that, despite an increasing trend in the number of published studies, the geographical coverage is still very limited and most of the studies focused solely on trace elements (70.8%). Among sharks, Rhincodon typus was the most represented species (66.7%), while Mobula mobular the most studied ray species (41.7%). Comparing the levels of pollutants in filter feeders between ocean basins, this review highlighted that Hg, As and Cd levels are mostly higher in those areas affected by both strong natural and anthropogenic source of emissions, such as the Indian Ocean. With regards to OCs, ΣPCB levels in muscle of C. maximus were between 4.3 and 50.5 μg kg-1 ww, highlighting a persistent contamination of PCB in the Mediterranean Sea. Some species exceeded the maximum allowable limits for foodstuff consumption for As, Cd and Pb. A total of 77.8% of the analyzed species exceeded the Environmental Quality Standards for Hg, while they were always below the EQSbiota for HCB, PBDEs, PFOS and DDT. Given their feeding mechanism that continuously samples the marine environment, further investigations are urgently needed to determine not only the extent of contaminant exposure in different hotspot locations but also the risks posed to the elasmobranch health.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Boldrocchi
- Department of Human Sciences, Innovation and Territory, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, Como, Italy.
| | - D Monticelli
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, Como, Italy
| | - R Bettinetti
- Department of Human Sciences, Innovation and Territory, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, Como, Italy
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5
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Fernández-Robledo A, Lares ML, Schramm-Urrutia Y. Trace metal concentrations in California sea lions from rookeries exposed to different levels of coastal urbanization in Baja California, Mexico. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 184:114163. [PMID: 36182783 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of total mercury, total selenium, and cadmium ([THg], [TSe], [Cd]) were determined in hair of California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) pups from four islands of the Gulf of California and the Baja California Pacific coast (NG, CG, NP, and CP) to identify geographical differences and the effect of Se against Hg toxicity (TSe:THg molar ratio). THg displayed a strong north-south trend for both ecoregions, while TSe presented a significantly high concentration only for CG. TSe:THg molar ratios decreased when [THg] increased, with the lowest ratios presenting in NG pups, in which [THg] exceeded toxicological thresholds of concern. [Cd] presented similar values at all study sites except CG, which presented the lowest level. The present study shows that proximity to urbanized coastal areas has a strong influence on [THg] in pups, while [TSe] and [Cd] are probably more related to the physiological requirements of the species, and environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fernández-Robledo
- Departamento de Oceanografía Biológica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Km. 107 Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico
| | - M L Lares
- Departamento de Oceanografía Biológica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Km. 107 Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico.
| | - Y Schramm-Urrutia
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Carretera Transpeninsular Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3917, Fraccionamiento Playitas, 22860 Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
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6
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Pancaldi F, Páez-Osuna F, Soto-Jiménez MF, Whitehead DA, González-Armas R, Vázquez-Haikin A, Becerril-García EE, Galván-Magaña F. Concentrations of Silver, Chrome, Manganese and Nickel in Two Stranded Whale Sharks (Rhincodon typus) from the Gulf of California. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 107:827-832. [PMID: 33904943 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03244-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of Ag, Cr, Mn and Ni were measured in tissues of two whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) stranded in La Paz Bay (LAP) and Punta Bufeo (PB), Gulf of California, during 2017 and 2018. The concentration range of Ni (0.012-1.12 µg/g ww) and Cr (0.16-5.21) in the epidermis of both specimens was lower compared to the concentrations found in the epidermis of whale sharks from East Africa. The whale shark from LAP exhibited higher levels of Mn (4.45 µg/g ww), Ni (0.284 µg/g ww) and Cr (5.21 µg/g ww) in the muscle compared to another filter feeder shark, the megamouth, from Taiwan and from Brazil. The highest concentrations of Ag were found in the heart (3.70) of the individual from LAP and in the filtering pads (1.93) of the shark from PB. Chromium in all selected tissues and the Mn found in the skeletal muscle, testicles (0.50), liver (Right lobe, 1.28; Left lobe, 1.63) and gills (1.54) of both sharks exceeded the limit established by the FAO/WHO for fish products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pancaldi
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. IPN s/n, 23096, La Paz, BCS, México
| | - Federico Páez-Osuna
- Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 82040, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, México
- Miembro de El Colegio de Sinaloa, Antonio Rosales 435 Poniente, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | - Martín Federico Soto-Jiménez
- Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 82040, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, México
| | - Darren A Whitehead
- Pelagios Kakunjá A.C, Sinaloa 1540, Las Garzas, 23070, La Paz, BCS, México
| | - Rogelio González-Armas
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. IPN s/n, 23096, La Paz, BCS, México
| | - Abraham Vázquez-Haikin
- Asociación de Pesca Deportiva Y Ecoturismo de Bahía de Los Ángeles, Domicilio Conocido, 22980, Bahía de Los Ángeles, Baja California, México
| | - Edgar Eduardo Becerril-García
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. IPN s/n, 23096, La Paz, BCS, México
- Pelagios Kakunjá A.C, Sinaloa 1540, Las Garzas, 23070, La Paz, BCS, México
| | - Felipe Galván-Magaña
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. IPN s/n, 23096, La Paz, BCS, México.
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Becerril-García EE, Pancaldi F, Cruz-Villacorta AA, Rivera-Camacho AR, Aguilar-Cruz CA, Whitehead DA, González-Armas R, Arellano-Martínez M, Galván-Magaña F. General descriptions of the dermis structure of a juvenile whale shark Rhincodon typus from the Gulf of California. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 99:1524-1528. [PMID: 34159587 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to provide preliminary observations on the microanatomy of Rhincodon typus skin using histology and electron microscopy analyses. Skin biopsies were obtained from a deceased juvenile male shark (548 cm total length) stranded in La Paz, Mexico, during February 2018. The results of this study evidenced the basic structure of the dermal denticles in the epidermis of the trunk of the shark, as well as the composition of the connective tissue in the hypodermis. Histological images of the hypodermis showed a high concentration of collagen fibres, formed by a large number of fine and wavy fibres of compact shape and little intercellular substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar E Becerril-García
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, La Paz, Mexico
- Pelagios Kakunjá A.C, La Paz, Mexico
| | - Francesca Pancaldi
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, La Paz, Mexico
| | | | - Alma R Rivera-Camacho
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, La Paz, Mexico
| | - Carlos A Aguilar-Cruz
- Departamento Académico de Ciencias Marinas y Costeras, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur, La Paz, Mexico
| | - Darren A Whitehead
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, La Paz, Mexico
- Pelagios Kakunjá A.C, La Paz, Mexico
| | - Rogelio González-Armas
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, La Paz, Mexico
| | | | - Felipe Galván-Magaña
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, La Paz, Mexico
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9
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Pancaldi F, Páez-Osuna F, Marmolejo-Rodríguez AJ, Whitehead DA, González-Armas R, Soto-Jiménez MF, O'Hara T, Vazquéz-Haikin A, Galván-Magaña F. Variation of essential and non-essential trace elements in whale shark epidermis associated to two different feeding areas of the Gulf of California. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:36803-36816. [PMID: 33710489 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13364-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Gulf of California represents an important hotspot for whale shark (Rhincodon typus) aggregation. Anthropogenic activities and natural sources could expose sharks to high levels of trace elements (TEs). To determinate these levels in this endangered species, concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn (in ng/g ww) were measured in 130 whale shark skin biopsies and 44 zooplankton samples collected from two areas of the Gulf of California, Bahía de Los Angeles (BLA) and Bahía de La Paz (LAP) during 2016-2018. For biopsies, Zn exhibited highest concentrations in BLA (2016-2017, 298 ± 406; 2017-2018, 1959 ± 2545) and at LAP (in 2016-2017, 595 ± 554; in 2017-2018, 2642 ± 1261). On the other hand, Cd (BLA 2016-2017, 3 ± 3; LAP 2016-2017, 4 ± 3; BLA 2017-2018, 17 ± 14; LAP 2017-2018, 13 ± 10) and Pb (BLA 2016-2017, 7 ± 7; LAP 2016-2017, 15 ± 32; BLA 2017-2018, 69 ± 76; LAP 2017-2018, 7 ± 5) showed lowest concentrations. Significant differences in TE concentrations between sites and periods occurred. Arsenic found in shark biopsies from La Paz suggested enrichment and/or increased bioavailability in this area. Sex alone was not a significant factor in TE concentration; nevertheless, a sex-dependent difference in correlation of TE concentration and size was noted (negative in males, positive in females). This indicates feeding strategies of whale shark may be sex and size segregated. During 2017-2018, zooplankton and sharks showed enrichment in all TEs. Essential elements were not biomagnified by sharks. Lead was biomagnified through zooplankton. Strong positive correlation between selected elements indicates that Zn, Cd and Pb follow the same metabolic route in the sharks' body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pancaldi
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. IPN s/n, 23096, La Paz, BCS, Mexico
| | - Federico Páez-Osuna
- Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 82040, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
- Miembro de El Colegio de Sinaloa, Antonio Rosales 435 Poniente, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | | | | | - Rogelio González-Armas
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. IPN s/n, 23096, La Paz, BCS, Mexico
| | - Martin Federico Soto-Jiménez
- Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 82040, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Todd O'Hara
- Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Abraham Vazquéz-Haikin
- Asociación de pesca deportiva y ecoturismo de Bahía de Los Ángeles, Domicilio conocido, 22980, Bahía de Los Ángeles, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Felipe Galván-Magaña
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. IPN s/n, 23096, La Paz, BCS, Mexico.
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10
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Squadrone S, Abete MC, Miedico O, Gavinelli S, Neri B, Busico F, Berretta S, Carosielli L, Carrabs G, Chiaravalle AE. Poaching of endangered species in Mediterranean Sea: Alopias vulpinus. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 168:112456. [PMID: 33991986 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A thresher shark poached by fishermen in the stretch of sea between the island of Ponza and the coast of Terracina (Lazio, Central Italy, Mediterranean Sea) and confiscated by the Italian health authorities was evaluated for the presence of chemical contaminants. Hg mean concentration of 2.1 mg kg-1 was found in muscle; speciation analysis confirmed it was almost in the toxic organic form of MeHg (2.0 mg kg-1). The Se:Hg molar ratio was <1 not protective against the toxic effect of Hg. 137Cs was detected at a mean concentration of 0.53 Bq kg-1, and 40K, radioisotope of natural origin was found at 91 Bq kg-1. Dioxins and PCBs were found in the common thresher shark at mean concentrations of 0.012 and 0.088 pg TEQ-WHO g-1 w.w. while NDL PCBs at 4.5 ng g-1 w.w., lower than limits set by European Regulation. The major concern is constituted by the presence of Hg twice the maximum limit set by EU Regulation, then the consumption of thresher shark flesh should be strongly discouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Squadrone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, ITALY.
| | - Maria Cesarina Abete
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, ITALY
| | - Oto Miedico
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Centro di Referenza Nazionale Radioattività, via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, ITALY
| | - Stefania Gavinelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, ITALY
| | - Bruno Neri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana, via Appia Nuova 1411, Roma, ITALY
| | - Fabio Busico
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana, via Appia Nuova 1411, Roma, ITALY
| | - Sesto Berretta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana, via Appia Nuova 1411, Roma, ITALY
| | | | | | - Antonio E Chiaravalle
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Centro di Referenza Nazionale Radioattività, via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, ITALY
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Álvaro-Berlanga S, Calatayud-Pavía CE, Cruz-Ramírez A, Soto-Jiménez MF, Liñán-Cabello MA. Trace elements in muscle tissue of three commercial shark species: Prionace glauca, Carcharhinus falciformis, and Alopias pelagicus off the Manzanillo, Colima coast, Mexico. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:22679-22692. [PMID: 33423198 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12234-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Given their predatory characteristics, long life, and high trophic levels, sharks can have a remarkable ability to bioaccumulate and/or biomagnify trace elements (TE). In the present study, 13 TE (Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, As, Se, Zn, Cr, V, Fe, Ni, Co, and Mn) were analyzed in the muscle tissue of three shark species (Prionace glauca, Carcharhinus falciformis, and Alopias pelagicus) using high-resolution mass spectrometry inductively coupled to a plasma generator (HR-ICP-MS); 30 shark specimens of each specie were obtained during commercial fish landings in the port of Manzanillo, Mexico. The morphometric characteristics and sex of the sharks were recorded. Shark A. pelagicus accumulated higher concentrations of TE, especially for Hg and Cd, than the other species. Significant differences in the TE levels were detected between sexes in P. glauca and A. pelagicus; in all cases, the highest concentrations were found in female muscle tissue. The ability of sharks to bioaccumulate ETs depends of the metals (essentials higher than non-essential) but is explained mainly by feeding habits associated to sexes (population segregation) and size (ontogeny). The association between TE in shark specimens was related to the essentiality, their antagonistic action, and origin. The Se/Hg ratio was significantly higher than 1, evidence of the protective role of dietary Se against Hg uptake and toxicity in all specimens of the three shark species. Also, the elevate inverse correlation of As and Cd versus Se could indicate a protective action of Se against these toxic metals, but the mechanism must be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Álvaro-Berlanga
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la Laguna, Avda. Asfrodisicao Francisco Sánchez, SN. Edificio Calabaza and 2 Apto. 456, 38200, San Cristóbal de la Laguna, Spain
| | - Clara E Calatayud-Pavía
- Fundación México Azul, A. C, Avenida México 141, Colonia del Carmen, Coyoacán, C.P. 04100, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Angelica Cruz-Ramírez
- Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad de Colima, Km 19.5 Carretera Manzanillo Barra de Navidad, C.P. 28860, Manzanillo, Colima, Mexico
| | - Martin F Soto-Jiménez
- Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Av. Joel Montes Camarena S/N Apartado Postal 811, C.P. 82040, Mazatlán, Sin, México
| | - Marco A Liñán-Cabello
- Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad de Colima, Km 19.5 Carretera Manzanillo Barra de Navidad, C.P. 28860, Manzanillo, Colima, Mexico.
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Acosta-Lizárraga LG, Bergés-Tiznado ME, Bojórquez-Sánchez C, Osuna-Martínez CC, Páez-Osuna F. Bioaccumulation of mercury and selenium in tissues of the mesopelagic fish Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) from the northern Gulf of California and the risk assessment on human health. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 255:126941. [PMID: 32388259 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
With the aim of evaluating health risk to hake consumers, mercury and selenium were measured in muscle, liver, gonads, kidney, and gills of 62 specimens of Merluccius productus from northern Gulf of California. Means ± confidence interval (95% confidence level) concentrations (mg kg-1 wet weight) of Hg in tissues were: gonads (1.01 ± 0.25) > muscle (0.44 ± 0.06) > gills (0.29 ± 0.04) > kidneys (0.20 ± 0.07) > liver (0.02 ± 0.004). No significant differences between sexes were found for Hg. The distribution of mean concentrations of Se (mg kg-1 wet weight) were: kidneys (4.61 ± 1.27) > liver (1.66 ± 0.22) > gonads (1.66 ± 0.75) > gills (0.86 ± 0.04) > muscle (0.40 ± 0.09). Se in gonads showed a significant difference between sex (females > males). Positive significant correlations with total length (p < 0.05) and total weight (p < 0.05) were found in the same tissue for both morphological variables: Hg in muscle, Se in muscle and Se in liver. An excess of Se over Hg (molar ratio Se:Hg > 1) was found in all tissues. The Hazard Quotient health risk index was evaluated for humans that consume muscle and gonads. The recommended Hg safe intake for adults and children were 110.0 and 33.0 g week-1, respectively for muscle; for gonads weekly consumption portions of 35.0 and 14.0 g for adults and children represent no Hg risk. There was no risk of exposure to Se.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gilary Acosta-Lizárraga
- Unidad Académica de Ingeniería en Tecnología Ambiental, Universidad Politécnica de Sinaloa, Carretera Municipal Libre Mazatlán-Higueras km 3, 82199, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico.
| | - Magdalena E Bergés-Tiznado
- Unidad Académica de Ingeniería en Tecnología Ambiental, Universidad Politécnica de Sinaloa, Carretera Municipal Libre Mazatlán-Higueras km 3, 82199, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico.
| | - Carolina Bojórquez-Sánchez
- Unidad Académica de Ingeniería en Tecnología Ambiental, Universidad Politécnica de Sinaloa, Carretera Municipal Libre Mazatlán-Higueras km 3, 82199, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico.
| | - C Cristina Osuna-Martínez
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Paseo Claussen S/N Centro, 82000, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico.
| | - Federico Páez-Osuna
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Unidad Académica Mazatlán, P.O. Box 811, 82000, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico; Miembro de El Colegio de Sinaloa, Antonio Rosales 435 Pte, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico.
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Boldrocchi G, Monticelli D, Butti L, Omar M, Bettinetti R. First concurrent assessment of elemental- and organic-contaminant loads in skin biopsies of whale sharks from Djibouti. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 722:137841. [PMID: 32199374 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Gulf of Tadjoura (Djibouti) is an important site where the whale shark (Rhincodon typus Smith, 1828) aggregates seasonally. Because of the proximity to the port of Djibouti that is located along one of the busiest shipping areas in the world, whale sharks are potentially exposed to relatively high levels of trace elements and organochlorines. To assess their contamination status, concentrations of 15 trace elements, DDTs and PCBs were concurrently assessed for the first time in skin biopsies of 20 whale sharks. Additionally, 12 zooplankton samples were collected and analyzed for trace elements content. Concentration of As, Cu, Zn and Se were higher than in previous studies on this species. Whale shark samples exceeded the maximum allowable limits for foodstuffs for Cr, Pb Se, Cd and Zn. Results from this study suggests that Cr, Ni and Mo may biomagnify in this species. With regard to PCBs, the predominant congener were Tetra-CB, accounting for 41% of total PCBs and Penta-CB for 23%, while for DDTs, the predominant metabolite was DDE contributing for 51% of total compounds. The maximum residue limit for DDTs and for the ind-PCBs in fish set by U.S. EPA and by the EU regulation, respectively, was exceeded in 62% of whale sharks. Moreover, the p,p'DDE/ΣDDT ratios were higher than the critical value of 0.6, indicating possible recent inputs of technical DDTs in the area. This study suggests some concerns for the contamination status of whale sharks in Djibouti and, since major threats for this species include bycatch and illegal fisheries, highlights some level of risk from the exposure to elemental- and organic-contaminant via shark consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Boldrocchi
- Department of Human Sciences, Innovation and Territory, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio, 11 22100 Como, Italy.
| | - D Monticelli
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - L Butti
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Moussa Omar
- Centre d' Etude et de Recherche de Djibouti Route de l'aéroport, Djibouti, Djibouti
| | - R Bettinetti
- Department of Human Sciences, Innovation and Territory, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio, 11 22100 Como, Italy.
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