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Souza AC, Lube GV, Jarcovis RDLM, de Araujo LD, da Silva J, Lourenço RA. A comprehensive review of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Brazilian coastal environments. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 202:116304. [PMID: 38583223 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
This study provides an overview of the evaluation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the coastal regions of Santos Basin, located in Brazil's Southeast region, the country's most industrialized area. The analysis is based on data compiled from various studies in this area since 2000. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using the SCOPUS database, encompassing peer-reviewed scientific journals from publishers such as Elsevier, Springer, Nature, Wiley, Taylor & Francis, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate. Most of these studies have focused on the sediment compartment due to its role as the primary repository for organic matter and, consequently, PAHs in the marine environment. However, the bioavailability of organic contaminants in sediment is generally lower compared to water and suspended particulate matter, which has received less attention in the context of Santos Basin. The literature search also includes studies evaluating PAH concentrations in organisms to investigate the bioaccumulation rates of these compounds. Data presented in this review primarily originates from coastal and estuarine areas within Santos Basin, with occasional extensions to the continental shelf. The majority of publications are centered on studies conducted in the southeastern Brazilian states of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, where the highest levels of PAH contamination across all environmental compartments are typically observed. Santa Catarina, on the other hand, is the coastal region with fewer studies. The regions where most of the studies involving PAHs in the Santos Basin are concentrated in areas where public university research centers are located, a pattern that repeats throughout the Brazilian coast. In areas far from universities, little is known about the environmental status of PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Câmara Souza
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo (IO-USP), Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle Vieira Lube
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo (IO-USP), Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Raphael De Lucca Marcello Jarcovis
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo (IO-USP), Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Ligia Dias de Araujo
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo (IO-USP), Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Josilene da Silva
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo (IO-USP), Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Rafael André Lourenço
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo (IO-USP), Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-120, Brazil.
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Pereira ADS, da Silva J, Taniguchi S, Montone RC, Lourenço RA. Persistent organic pollutants and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in livers of stranded Arctocephalus australis in southern Brazilian beaches. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 200:116129. [PMID: 38340375 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
23 livers of South American fur seal (Arctocephalus australis) found stranded in southern Brazilian beaches were evaluated for Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). POPs (DDTs, mirex, eldrin, dieldrin, aldrin, isodrin, HCHs, chlordanes and PCBs) and PAHs in livers were Soxhlet extracted, analyzed and quantified using Gas Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (GC-TQMS). The main POPs found were PCBs and DDTs, totaling 81 %. Among pesticides, mirex followed DDTs, possibly due to usage in Uruguay, followed by Σdrins, ΣCHLs and ΣHCHs. Naphthalene was the major PAH found, while heavier compounds did not significantly bioaccumulate. Concentrations of POPs resembled previous findings for A. australis. Considering only juveniles, no POPs showed significant differences between sexes. Lipidic content, weight and length did not show any correlation with POP concentration. This was the first record of PAHs and PBDEs in South American fur seals, and the levels of these pollutants were relatively low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Derley S Pereira
- Marine Emerging Micropollutants Research Laboratory, Oceanographic Institute, São Paulo 05508-120, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Marine Organic Chemistry, Oceanographic Institute, São Paulo 05508-120, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Josilene da Silva
- Laboratory of Marine Organic Chemistry, Oceanographic Institute, São Paulo 05508-120, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Satie Taniguchi
- Laboratory of Marine Organic Chemistry, Oceanographic Institute, São Paulo 05508-120, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosalinda C Montone
- Marine Emerging Micropollutants Research Laboratory, Oceanographic Institute, São Paulo 05508-120, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Marine Organic Chemistry, Oceanographic Institute, São Paulo 05508-120, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael A Lourenço
- Laboratory of Marine Organic Chemistry, Oceanographic Institute, São Paulo 05508-120, São Paulo, Brazil
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Marinsek GP, de Oliveira ICCDS, Ribeiro CC, Gusso-Choueri PK, Choueri RB, Abessa DMDS, Mari RDB. Multiple biomarkers in pufferfish as a proxy of environmental health in brazilian marine protected areas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169742. [PMID: 38163587 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are designed to conserve biodiversity and vulnerable ecosystems. This study aimed to assess the environmental quality of three Brazilian MPAs, based on the integrated analysis of biomarkers in pufferfish. The MPAs are differentiated by the degree of anthropogenic influences. The Barra do Una Estuary sustainable reserve (JUR) is a reference area due to its low levels of contamination and species diversity. The Cananéia Estuarine System (CAN) has been recognized as a biosphere reserve by UNESCO, as well as a Ramsar wetland. This MPA was influenced by upstream mining activities, resulting in the introduction of metals in the estuarine waters and the discharge of untreated urban sewage. The São Vicente estuary (SSV) lacks proper sanitation infrastructure. All collections were conducted during winter season, and, after collection, the animals were euthanized, their soft tissues were removed, and multiple biomarkers were analyzed in the gills and liver, as biometric, genotoxic, biochemical, and morphological. A one-factor multivariate analysis was applied to evaluate the differences between the data sets, and the matrices were analyzed using PERMANOVA to evaluate the "estuary" factor. The results were integrated using PCA with a 0.4 cut value and an Enhanced Integrated Biomarker Response (EIBR) was calculated. PCA was correlated with biochemical, genotoxic, and morphological biomarkers. In general, SVV differed from CAN and JUR as shown by both univariate and multivariate analyses. SVV also showed the highest EIBR, followed by CAN. Organisms from SSV showed greater gill pathology, elevated AChE activity and lipoperoxidation (LPO), and micronuclei frequency. CAN present intermediate EIBR, with severe pathologies in the liver. CAN seems to present an intermediate environmental quality between SSV and JUR indicating the importance of the existence of MPAs for environmental conservation and the need to monitor such areas, to maintain their suitable environmental quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Caio César Ribeiro
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, São Vicente, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Renata de Britto Mari
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, São Vicente, Brazil; São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute for Advanced Studies of Ocean, São Vicente, Brazil
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Hong B, Zhou M, Li J, Yu S, Liu X, Chen P, Zhang Y, Niu Y. Effect of typhoons on spatiotemporal patterns of multi-group persistent organic pollutants in sediment of Chinese southeastern coastal estuaries. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132557. [PMID: 37729715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Estuaries are susceptible to both anthropogenic disturbances and global climate changes. Impacts may be discriminated by pollution patterns of widely quantified persistent organic pollutants (POPs), though data are scarce for extreme climate events. This study quantified four groups of POPs, i.e., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), in sediments from seven Chinese coastal estuaries across a gradient of socioeconomic development in their watersheds with comparisons among the pre-typhoon, typhoon, and post-typhoon periods during 2016-2019. The maximal average concentrations, up to 1561 μg PAHs kg-1, 235 μg DDTs kg-1, and 38.9 μg HCHs kg-1, were quantified in the Jiulong River estuary and 7.61 μg PCBs kg-1 in the Jiao River estuary. Anthropogenic activities contributed to the distinctive spatial distributions of four groups of POPs in estuaries with non-agricultural gross domestic product (NAGDP) per capita significantly relating to sedimentary concentrations of PAHs and PCBs and agricultural gross domestic product (AGDP) per capita relating to DDTs and HCHs. Seasonality and typhoons led to less temporal variations in sedimentary POPs concentrations, whose spatial heterogeneity was remarkably reduced in the post-typhoon period rather than in the pre-typhoon and typhoon periods. The results of this study suggested that fingerprinting legacy POPs in spatial and temporal distributions contributed to identifying the effects of anthropogenic disturbances and climate changes on estuarine sediment quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Hong
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; The Xiamen Key Laboratory of Smart Management on the Urban Environment, Xiamen 361021, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; The Xiamen Key Laboratory of Smart Management on the Urban Environment, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Juan Li
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; The Xiamen Key Laboratory of Smart Management on the Urban Environment, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shen Yu
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; The Xiamen Key Laboratory of Smart Management on the Urban Environment, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Xun Liu
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Peiji Chen
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yong Niu
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
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Cabral AC, de Souza AC, Sá F, Neto RR, C Martins C. How did a tailings spill change the distribution of legacy organochlorine compounds in a Southeast Atlantic inner shelf area: Is a hidden danger being transferred to the ocean? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:166939. [PMID: 37709099 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) were evaluated in water and sediments from the Espírito Santo Inner Shelf (ESIS), Brazil, three years after the Fundão dam failure (FDF). We discuss the levels, sources, fate, and current environmental risks of these contaminants on temporal and spatial scales. In addition, the associated coastal dispersion patterns, water-sediment exchange trends, and environmental alterations were also discussed. Low contributions and no environmental risks were verified for PCBs after FDF. However, the low concentrations and frequency of occurrence in the samples did not allow for further reliable conclusions regarding the source of this contaminant. In contrast, hazard risk has been detected for DDTs in water and sediments. In sediments, there were a significant increase in level (up to 13.42 ng g-1; outlier = 369.6 ng g-1), inventory (maximum = 35.98 ng cm-2) and mean total mass (21.1 ± 39.4 kg) of DDTs after FDF. The integrated assessment of the spatial distribution in water and sediment suggests that DDTs was released from the Doce River, travelled south by the water column, and returned to the mouth region by northward sediment transport, where it accumulated. However, intense rainfall increased the input of DDTs to the ESIS and may have also altered its spatial distribution. Fugacity fraction analysis (ƒƒ) indicated a net flux of DDTs from water to sediment, suggesting that vertical sinking was an important transport process in this area. Finally, the findings indicate that FDF contributed to DDTs input on ESIS by remobilizing contaminated past sediments and soils from the Doce River drainage basin. This contribution is expected to continue since a large amount of tailings is still stored in the river basin and estuary. These results highlight the importance of assessing the indirect impacts of large-scale land disasters on marine environments, and may be helpful in future interpretations of additional local trends and global inventories of legacy pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Caroline Cabral
- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Campus Pontal do Paraná, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemas Costeiros e Oceânicos, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil
| | - Amanda Câmara de Souza
- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Campus Pontal do Paraná, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil
| | - Fabian Sá
- Laboratório de Geoquímica Ambiental e Poluição Marinha, Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Vitória CEP 29075-910, ES, Brazil
| | - Renato Rodrigues Neto
- Laboratório de Geoquímica Ambiental e Poluição Marinha, Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Vitória CEP 29075-910, ES, Brazil
| | - César C Martins
- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Campus Pontal do Paraná, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil.
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Ohoro CR, Wepener V. Review of scientific literature on available methods of assessing organochlorine pesticides in the environment. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22142. [PMID: 38045185 PMCID: PMC10692828 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) widely used in agriculture and industry, causing serious health and ecological consequences upon exposure. This review offers a thorough overview of OCPs analysis emphasizing the necessity of ongoing work to enhance the identification and monitoring of these POPs in environmental and human samples. The benefits and drawbacks of the various OCPs analysis techniques including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) are discussed. Challenges associated with validation and optimization criteria, including accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantitation (LOQ), must be met for a method to be regarded as accurate and reliable. Suitable quality control measures, such as method blanks and procedural blanks, are emphasized. The LOD and LOQ are critical quality control measure for efficient quantification of these compounds, and researchers have explored various techniques for their calculation. Matrix interference, solubility, volatility, and partition coefficient influence OCPs occurrences and are discussed in this review. Validation experiments, as stated by European Commission in document SANTE/11813/2017, showed that the acceptance criteria for method validation of OCP analytes include ≤20 % for high precision, and 70-120 % for recovery. This may ultimately be vital for determining the human health risk effects of exposure to OCP and for formulating sensible environmental and public health regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinemerem Ruth Ohoro
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Victor Wepener
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
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Megson D, Tiktak GP, Shideler S, Dereviankin M, Harbicht L, Sandau CD. Source apportionment of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) using different receptor models: A case study on sediment from the Portland Harbor Superfund Site (PHSS), Oregon, USA. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 872:162231. [PMID: 36796695 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Multivariate modelling techniques are used by a wide variety of investigations in environmental chemistry. It is surprisingly rare for studies to show a detailed understanding of uncertainties created by modelling or how uncertainties in chemical analysis impact model outputs. It is common to use untrained multivariate models for receptor modelling. These models produce a slightly different output each time they are run. The fact that a single model can provide different results is rarely acknowledged. In this manuscript, we attempt to address this by investigating differences that can be generated using four different receptor models (NMF, ALS, PMF & PVA) to perform source apportionment of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in surface sediments from Portland Harbor. Results showed that models generally had a strong agreement and identified the same main signatures that represented commercial PCB mixtures, however, subtle differences were identified by; different models, same models but with a different number of end members (EM), and the same model with the same number of end members. As well as identifying different Aroclor-like signatures, the relative proportion of these sources also varied. Depending on which method is selected it may have a significant impact on conclusions of a scientific report or litigation case and ultimately, allocation on who is responsible for paying for remediation. Therefore, care must be taken to understand these uncertainties to select a method that produces consistent results with end members that can be chemically explained. We also investigated a novel approach to use our multivariate models to identify inadvertent sources of PCBs. By using a residual plot produced from one of our models (NMF) we were able to suggest the presence of approximately 30 different potentially inadvertently produced PCBs which account for 6.6 % of the total PCBs in Portland Harbor sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Megson
- Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK; Chemistry Matters Inc., Alberta, Canada.
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de Oliveira AHB, Fernandes GM, Dos Santos FR, de Almeida NM, Nogueira TR, de Quadros Melo D, Martins LL, Cavalcante RM, do Nascimento RF, Reddy CM. Insights about levels and source appointment of petroleum hydrocarbons in Brazilian semi-arid coastal: baseline status assessment for ocean decade targets. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:58002-58018. [PMID: 36973626 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26600-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The Ocean decade (2021-2030) for sustainable development proclaimed in 2017 by the UN, seeks to promote and conserve the sustainable use of oceans, seas, and marine resources. For this, the distribution of n-alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and biomarkers, in sediments from the Fortaleza coastal zone (Mucuripe harbor (MH) and Inner Continental shelf (ICS)) were used to assess the impacts of anthropogenic activities in the area. The concentrations of total n-alkanes (Σ16 n-alkanes) in MH and ICS sediments varied from 35.9 to 94.9 and 17.9 to 197.3 μg g-1, respectively, while the isoprenoids phytane and pristane in MH and ICS sediments ranged from 0.1 to 1.69 ug g-1 and from 0.14 and 1.20 μg g-1, respectively. Most of the sediment samples presented carbon preference index (CPI) values close to unity, indicating that the area is submitted to petroleum-related sources. The concentrations of Σ16 PAHs in MH and ICS sediments varied from 87.0 to 562.0 and 98 to 288.0 ng g-1. This work presents the first investigation of the petroleum biomarkers hopanes and steranes in the Fortaleza coastal zone, in which ΣBiomarkers varied from 0.10 to 1.79 and 0.02 to 0.24 ug g-1 in MH and ICS sediments, respectively. The presence at stations of biomarkers also indicates petrogenic input. The diagnosis of the distribution of pollutants in the investigated zones of the Fortaleza coast suggests contamination from urban areas and oil spills and vessel traffic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Henrique Barbosa de Oliveira
- Environmental Studies Laboratory (LEA), Federal University of Ceara, Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry Dpto Campus Pici, Av. Mister Hull, S/N - Pici - 60455-760, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
- Tropical Marine Sciences Program/LABOMAR/UFC, Fortaleza, Brazil.
| | - Gabrielle Melo Fernandes
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceara (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, Fortaleza, CE, 60165-081, Brazil
| | - Felipe Rodrigues Dos Santos
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceara (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, Fortaleza, CE, 60165-081, Brazil
| | - Narelle Maia de Almeida
- Marine and Applied Geology Laboratory, Federal University of Ceara, Geology Dpto Campus Pici, Av. Mister Hull, S/N - Pici, 60440-554, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Tiago Rocha Nogueira
- Laboratory of Traces Analysis (LAT), Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceara, Rua Do Contorno, Humberto Monte S/N Campus Do Pici, Bloco 940, Fortaleza, 60451-970, Brazil
| | - Diego de Quadros Melo
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Sertão Pernambucano, PE 647, Km 22, PISNC N - 4, Rural Zone Petrolina Campus, Petrolina, PE, 56302-970, Brazil
| | - Laercio Lopes Martins
- Tropical Marine Sciences Program/LABOMAR/UFC, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceara (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, Fortaleza, CE, 60165-081, Brazil
- Laboratory of Petroleum Engineering and Exploration (LENEP), North Fluminense State University (UENF), Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, 27925-535, Brazil
| | - Rivelino Martins Cavalcante
- Tropical Marine Sciences Program/LABOMAR/UFC, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceara (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, Fortaleza, CE, 60165-081, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Ferreira do Nascimento
- Laboratory of Traces Analysis (LAT), Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceara, Rua Do Contorno, Humberto Monte S/N Campus Do Pici, Bloco 940, Fortaleza, 60451-970, Brazil
| | - Christopher Michael Reddy
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
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Azevedo JS, Braga ES, Kuniyoshi LS, Fávaro DIT. Seasonal arsenic in catfish (Siluriformes, Ariidae) and the hydrochemical conditions of two areas in a Ramsar site on the Brazilian coast. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20210033. [PMID: 36820760 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320210033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The construction of a data bank concerning metal and metalloid content of bioindicator fish from coastal areas is very important as it can help environmental managers in decision making. In natural conditions, the concentration of elements can be influenced by abiotic parameters such as water salinity. In this study, catfish Cathorops spixii were evaluated concerning the total arsenic (As) concentration in the muscle tissues of individuals subjected to different abiotic conditions in the Cananéia-Iguape Estuarine-Lagoon Complex (CIELC), which was recently included on the Ramsar list of wetlands of international importance. Seventy-four catfish were seasonally caught in the northern and southern regions of the CIELC and their hydrochemical parameters were obtained. C. spixii from the southern, best preserved, area showed arsenic concentrations around ten times higher than the maximum limit established for fish intended for human consumption. However, these high concentrations of arsenic could be associated with the abiotic parameters of the water, such as salinity variations, in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana S Azevedo
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ciências Ambientais, Rua São Nicolau, 210, Centro, 09913-030 Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Elisabete S Braga
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto Oceanográfico, Departamento de Oceanografia Química e Geológica, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, Cidade Universitária, 05508-120 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo S Kuniyoshi
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto Oceanográfico, Departamento de Oceanografia Química e Geológica, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, Cidade Universitária, 05508-120 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Deborah Inês T Fávaro
- Universidade de São Paulo, Centro do Reator de Pesquisa, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242, Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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10
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Souza IS, Santos FR, Martins DA, Morais PCV, Gama AF, Nascimento RF, Cavalcante RM, Abessa DMS. Dealing with complex contamination scenarios: using a multi-geochemical approach to assess environmental quality and identify pollution sources in a semi-arid estuary from Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:567. [PMID: 35792964 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10238-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Jundiaí-Potengi Estuary (EJP) is located on the semi-arid coast of northeastern Brazil and is influenced by multiple sources of contamination. The sediment quality of EJP was assessed by using a multi-geochemical approach during the dry and wet seasons. Sediments were analyzed for concentrations of nutrients, metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pesticides, hormones (natural and synthetic), and sterols. The results were integrated by multivariate methods. The sediment was altered by the presence of contaminants from anthropogenic and natural sources. The middle and lower estuarine areas were considered more degraded in both seasons. In these regions, metals, hormones, sterols, and PAHs were found, indicating that these regions are severely affected by industrial, sanitary and aquaculture effluents, combustion of fossil fuels, and oil spills. The upstream region was contaminated by pesticides. The contamination pattern along the EJP shows the prevalence of local sources which continuously release the chemicals into the estuary. Worse conditions occurred during the rainy season, when the runoff from urban and rural areas is more intense and carries a greater load of contaminants to the EJP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivanildo S Souza
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande Do Norte (IFRN), Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 1559, Natal, RN, 59015-000, Brazil.
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Av. Abolição, 3207, Fortaleza, CE, 60165-081, Brazil.
| | - Felipe R Santos
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Av. Abolição, 3207, Fortaleza, CE, 60165-081, Brazil
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, R. Humberto Monte S/N, Campus do Pici, BL 340, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60455760, Brazil
- Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, Praça Do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP, 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Davi A Martins
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Av. Abolição, 3207, Fortaleza, CE, 60165-081, Brazil
| | - Pollyana C V Morais
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Av. Abolição, 3207, Fortaleza, CE, 60165-081, Brazil
| | - Allyne F Gama
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Av. Abolição, 3207, Fortaleza, CE, 60165-081, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo F Nascimento
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, R. Humberto Monte S/N, Campus do Pici, BL 340, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60455760, Brazil
| | - Rivelino M Cavalcante
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Av. Abolição, 3207, Fortaleza, CE, 60165-081, Brazil
| | - Denis M S Abessa
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Av. Abolição, 3207, Fortaleza, CE, 60165-081, Brazil
- São Paulo State University - UNESP, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n., São Vicente, SP, 11330-900, Brazil
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11
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Hong B, Zhou M, Li J, Yu S, Xu B, Liu X, Chen P, Zhou T, Chen Y. Legacy organochlorines in estuarine sediment in relation to socioeconomic pattern in multi-coastal watersheds. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:21912-21924. [PMID: 34773589 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17350-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Estuarine sediment quality is highly associated with anthropogenic activities in watersheds. This study attempts to couple socioeconomic patterns with estuarine sediment quality via legacy organochlorines in 14 Chinese coastal watersheds. Sedimentary concentrations of HCHs, DDTs, and PCBs showed a significant spatiality in estuary, up to 48.7 ± 15.1, 89.0 ± 46.4, and 54.5 ± 17.2 ng g-1, which were predominated by β-HCH, p,p'-DTs, and tri- to penta-PCBs, respectively. Ecological risk of organochlorines was negligible except few moderate risks for DDTs and PCBs against the first class quality of the marine sediment quality guidelines of China. Sedimentary DDT and PCB concentrations were significantly delineated by an environmental Kuznets curve model as a function of non-agricultural GDP per capita in watersheds, while HCHs by an increasing linear model. Findings of this study provide a tool to quantify the contribution of anthropogenic development in watershed to environmental change in estuary across the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Hong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Min Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Juan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shen Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Bo Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Xun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Peiji Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tongtong Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yongshan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
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12
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de Souza AC, Cabral AC, da Silva J, Neto RR, Martins CC. Low levels of persistent organic pollutants in sediments of the Doce River mouth, South Atlantic, before the Fundão dam failure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 802:149882. [PMID: 34464788 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Doce River mouth (DRM) was severely impacted by the rupture of the Fundão Dam in 2015, considered the greatest Brazilian environmental tragedy in terms of tailings volume released (>40 million m3) and traveled distance (~600 km until the Atlantic Ocean). Environmental monitoring has been performed since then, but background levels are scarce or absent to Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), making impact assessments difficult. In the current study, we presented the baseline levels, inventories, and risk assessment of the POPs polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) and organochlorinated pesticides (OCPs), in surface sediment of the DRM. Samples were collected in December 2010 and July 2011, i.e., four years before the Fundão dam failure. The total PCBs and the OCPs (Aldrin, HCHs, and Chlordanes) were detected in both sampling campaigns, with levels up to 9.50 and 1.64, 0.28, and 0.63 ng g-1, respectively. The decrease of the Doce River flow was the main factor contributing to seasonal variations in the spatial distribution, and to a slight decline in the levels and frequency of the analyzed POPs in sediments collected in the dry season (July 2011). Environmental risk assessment, inventories, and total mass results suggest a low potential of PCBs and OCPs accumulation before the dam failure. This is the first POPs assessment in the study area that helped identify some unexpected impacts of the Fundão dam failure and contributed to the understanding of POPs cycles in the Southern Atlantic, data that are still scarce in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Câmara de Souza
- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná - Campus Pontal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Caroline Cabral
- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná - Campus Pontal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemas Costeiros e Oceânicos (PGSISCO), Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil
| | - Josilene da Silva
- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná - Campus Pontal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil; Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato Rodrigues Neto
- Laboratório de Geoquímica Ambiental e Poluição Marinha (LabGAm), Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, 29075-910 Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - César C Martins
- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná - Campus Pontal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil.
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13
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Sulato ET, Luko-Sulato K, Pedrobom JH, de Oliveira LMDS, Lima GDS, Govone JS, Barreto AS, de Araújo Júnior MAG, Menegário AA. Metals and metalloids in green turtle hepatic tissue (Chelonia mydas) from Santos Basin, Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 203:111835. [PMID: 34389350 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metal and metalloid concentrations in the liver tissue of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) stranded on the Brazilian coast (n = 506) were studied using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The influences of occurrence registers (date and location) and biological characteristics (sex, age, and developmental stage) were assessed, as well as the temporal influences of oil exploration and production activities. The mean concentrations of Cd, Cu, Mn, Zn, and Hg were the highest reported for the liver of C. mydas on the Brazilian coast. The mean element concentrations followed the order: Cu > Zn > Cd > Mn > As > Hg > Mo > Pb > V > Ni > Ba > Cr. Further, significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed for Hg between the sexes (males > females) and for As, Cu, Pb, Mo, and V between young individuals and older individuals (≥11 years), suggesting a relationship between the dietary shift inherent to green turtle development. These results were corroborated by the curved carapace length (CCL) data, wherein individuals residing in coastal areas (CCL > 50 cm) presented higher concentrations of Cu, Pb, Mo, Zn, Ba, and V than those in the oceanic stage (CCL < 30 cm). The opposite pattern was observed for As and Hg. The influences of spatial autocorrelation (Moran Index) at a global scale and oil production activities on the element concentrations were not observed. However, five hotspots of high metal concentrations were identified via a local spatial autocorrelation (local indicator of spatial association), existing predominantly in a region of heavy anthropic activity within the sampling area. Further, baseline element concentrations were established at the 95% confidence level. Overall, the developmental stage, which is related to feeding habits, had an expressive influence on element concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everton Tiago Sulato
- Centro de Estudos Ambientais - CEA, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Avenida 24-A, 1515, CEP 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Karen Luko-Sulato
- Centro de Estudos Ambientais - CEA, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Avenida 24-A, 1515, CEP 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Jorge Henrique Pedrobom
- Centro de Estudos Ambientais - CEA, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Avenida 24-A, 1515, CEP 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Dos Santos Lima
- Centro de Estudos Ambientais - CEA, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Avenida 24-A, 1515, CEP 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - José Silvio Govone
- Centro de Estudos Ambientais - CEA, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Avenida 24-A, 1515, CEP 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - André S Barreto
- Laboratório de Informática da Biodiversidade e Geoprocessamento, UNIVALI - Univ. do Vale do Itajaí, Rua Uruguai, 458, CEP 88302-901, Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Marcus Antônio Gonçalves de Araújo Júnior
- Centro de Pesquisas Leopoldo Américo Miguez de Mello - CENPES, PETROBRAS - Petróleo Brasileiro S.A, Avenida Horácio Macedo, 950, CEP 21941-915, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Amauri Antonio Menegário
- Centro de Estudos Ambientais - CEA, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Avenida 24-A, 1515, CEP 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
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14
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Timoszczuk CT, Dos Santos FR, Araújo LD, Taniguchi S, Lourenço RA, de Mahiques MM, de Lima Ferreira PA, Lopes Figueira RC, Neves PA, Prates D, Bícego MC. Historical deposition of PAHs in mud depocenters from the Southwestern Atlantic continental shelf: The influence of socio-economic development and coal consumption in the last century. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 284:117469. [PMID: 34058503 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations were determined in four dated sediment cores collected in mud depocenters of the southern Brazilian continental shelf. Core dating results covered the interval between 1925 and 2017. The total PAH concentrations (ΣPAHs) ranged from 44.69 ng g-1 to 305.43 ng g-1 and were similar between the analysed cores. Fine-grained sediments and total organic carbon (TOC) results did not correlate with the ΣPAHs, indicating that the variations in PAH concentrations are mostly related to variations in sources and emissions. PAH source appointment indicated a high input of a natural compound (perylene) and the predominance of anthropogenic PAHs from coal, biomass, and fuel combustion. Alkylated PAHs presented high contributions throughout all cores. The historical deposition of PAHs was associated with different periods of the socio-economic and industrial development of near coastal cities and reflected very well the history of coal production and consumption in the southern region of Brazil. The low levels of ΣPAHs before 1945 in all analysed cores may be related to the beginning of the industrialization process and the lower urbanization degree in the region. Between 1945 and 1965, the gradual ΣPAHs increase reflects the establishment and enlargement of the southern Brazilian industrial sector. The interval between 1965 and 1990 corresponded to the highest ΣPAHs in three of the four analysed cores. After 1990, a relative decrease in the ΣPAHs was observed in most cores and may be related the multiple cuts of incentives to the industrial usage of coal, as well as to Brazil's efforts in environmental regulation for coal extraction and consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Taboada Timoszczuk
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-120, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Felipe Rodrigues Dos Santos
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-120, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lígia Dias Araújo
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-120, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Satie Taniguchi
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-120, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael André Lourenço
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-120, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Michel Michaelovitch de Mahiques
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-120, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Energia e Ambiente da Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-010, Avenida Professor Luciano Gualberto, 1289, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Alves de Lima Ferreira
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-120, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rubens Cesar Lopes Figueira
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-120, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia Andrade Neves
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-120, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Denise Prates
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-120, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcia Caruso Bícego
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-120, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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15
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Shi C, Chen J, Gao L, Gan H, Xue Q, Lin H. Distribution, Risk Assessment, and Sources of Trace Metals in Surface Sediments from the Sea Area of Macao, South China. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 81:293-306. [PMID: 34091700 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-021-00859-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Due to rapid economic development in the Pearl River Delta, South China, trace metals pose a significant threat to the coastal ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the spatial distribution, contamination status, ecological risk, and possible sources of trace metals in 150 surface sediment samples from the Macao sea area. The results showed that concentrations of Ag, Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd were highest in the Inner Harbour, whereas Cr, Co, As, and Ni were mainly accumulated in the downstream area of the Maliuzhou Waterway and the eastern area of Macao International Airport. Sediment grain composition, organic matter, total phosphorus, and hydrological regime were key factors influencing the spatial distribution patterns of trace metals. According to the environmental contamination indices of the enrichment factor, geo-accumulation index, and contamination factor, moderate contamination of trace metals occurs in the study area, while Ag and Pb contribute significantly to the contamination. Based on the potential ecological risk index, trace metals in surface sediments pose a low ecological risk. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis indicated that Cr, Co, Ni, and As were mainly derived from natural sources, whereas Ag, Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd were mainly associated with anthropogenic sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Shi
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou, 510760, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Jianyao Chen
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Lei Gao
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Huayang Gan
- Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou, 510760, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Qiao Xue
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou, 510760, China
| | - Hai Lin
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou, 510760, China
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16
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Ya M, Wu Y, Xu L, Li Y, Chen H, Wang X. Compound-specific radiocarbon reveals sources and land-sea transport of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in an urban estuary. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 198:117134. [PMID: 33901842 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As typical chemical indicators of the Anthropocene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their environmental behavior in urban estuaries can reveal the influence of anthropogenic activities on coastal zones worldwide. In contrast to conventional approaches based on concentration datasets, we provide a compound-specific radiocarbon (14C) perspective to quantitatively evaluate the sources and land‒sea transport of PAHs in an estuarine‒coastal surficial sedimentary system impacted by anthropogenic activities and coastal currents. Compound-specific 14C of PAHs and their 14C end-member mixing models showed that 67-73% of fluoranthene and pyrene and 76-80% of five- and six-ring PAHs in the Jiulong River Estuary (JRE, China) originated from fossil fuels (e.g., coal, oil spill, and petroleum-related emissions). In the adjacent Western Taiwan Strait (WTS), the contributions of fossil fuel to these PAH groups were higher at 74-79% and 84-87%, respectively. Furthermore, as a significant biomarker for source allocation of terrigenous organic matter, perylene, a typical five-ring PAH, and its land‒sea transport from the basin through the JRE and finally to the WTS was quantitatively evaluated based on the 14C transport models. In the JRE, fluvial erosions and anthropogenic emissions affected the 14C signature of perylene (Δ14Cperylene, -535 ± 5‰) with contributions of > 38% and < 62%, respectively. From the JRE to the WTS, the decreased Δ14Cperylene (-735 ± 4‰) could be attributed to the long‒range transport of "ocean current-driven" perylene (-919 ± 53‰) with a contribution of 53 ± 8%. This compound-specific 14C approach and PAH transport model help provide a valuable reference for accurately quantifying land‒sea transport and burial of organic pollutants in estuarine‒coastal sedimentary systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaolei Ya
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Li Xu
- National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States
| | - Yongyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hanzhe Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xinhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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17
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Hao Z, Xu H, Feng Z, Zhang C, Zhou X, Wang Z, Zheng J, Zou X. Spatial distribution, deposition flux, and environmental impact of typical persistent organic pollutants in surficial sediments in the Eastern China Marginal Seas (ECMSs). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 407:124343. [PMID: 33144015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High emissions of synthetic compounds are damaging the marine environment and threatening human health. This study represents the first extensive and comprehensive analysis of three typical persistent organic pollutants (POPs), i.e., organochlorine pesticides (n = 228), perfluoroalkyl substances (n = 202), and short-chain chlorinated paraffins (n = 162), using a highly resolved spatial dataset. The results revealed the complex distribution of POPs in the Eastern China Marginal Seas (ECMSs). POPs in the surface sediments of the ECMSs showed spatial heterogeneity, with high levels observed mainly in areas with fine-grained sediments (e.g., the Yellow River and Changjiang River estuaries and the central south Yellow Sea). Strong positive correlations were identified between POP concentration and sediment grain size/components/longitude/latitude in the ECMSs, suggesting that POP distribution was significantly influenced by river input and regional hydrodynamics. The annual deposition fluxes of POPs in the ECMSs were also calculated and high values were recorded in the Yellow River Estuary and East China Sea. Human-induced changes in the catchments could affect the fate of POPs in the ECMSs and other river-dominated marginal seas worldwide. Our findings highlight concerns regarding local aquaculture and provide a basis for government decision-making. We also suggest the need for increased attention to be paid to the effects of marine organic pollution on aquaculture on a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Hao
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Oceanography, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China; School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Coast and Island Development, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of South China Sea Studies, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Hengtao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Oceanography, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Ziyue Feng
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Coast and Island Development, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chuchu Zhang
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Coast and Island Development, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhifu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Oceanography, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaheng Zheng
- First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinqing Zou
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Coast and Island Development, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of South China Sea Studies, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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18
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Massone CG, Santos AA, Ferreira PG, Carreira RS. A baseline evaluation of PAH body burden in sardines from the southern Brazilian shelf. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 163:111949. [PMID: 33444996 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of 37 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their potential risk to human health were determined in fifty sardine muscle (Sardinella brasiliensis) samples collected along the southern Brazilian shelf. Parental and alkylated PAHs were identified and quantified using a pressurized liquid extraction with in-cell purification method and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry identification and quantification. The concentrations of Σ37 PAHs in muscle ranged between 6.02 and 4074 μg kg-1 wet weight, which are comparable to levels reported for commercially important fish worldwide. The most abundant compounds were pyrene and fluoranthene, which originate from both petrogenic and pyrolytic hydrocarbon inputs. In only 4% of the samples the benzo[a] pyrene equivalent concentration was above the threshold of 6 μg kg-1 suggested for safe fish consumption in Brazil. These findings will serve as baseline data for monitoring the quality of sardines consumed in the country and for studying fish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Massone
- LabMAM/Chemistry Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, 22451-900, Brazil
| | - A A Santos
- LabMAM/Chemistry Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, 22451-900, Brazil
| | - P G Ferreira
- LabMAM/Chemistry Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, 22451-900, Brazil
| | - R S Carreira
- LabMAM/Chemistry Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, 22451-900, Brazil.
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