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Velasquez X, Morov AR, Astrahan P, Tchernov D, Meron D, Almeda R, Rubin-Blum M, Rahav E, Guy-Haim T. Bioconcentration and lethal effects of gas-condensate and crude oil on nearshore copepod assemblages. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 203:116402. [PMID: 38701601 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The progressive establishment of gas platforms and increasing petroleum accidents pose a threat to zooplankton communities and thus to pelagic ecosystems. This study is the first to compare the impacts of gas-condensate and crude oil on copepod assemblages. We conducted microcosm experiments simulating slick scenarios at five different concentrations of gas-condensate and crude oil to determine and compare their lethal effects and the bioconcentration of low molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (LMW-PAHs) in eastern Mediterranean coastal copepod assemblages. We found that gas-condensate had a two-times higher toxic effect than crude oil, significantly reducing copepod survival with increased exposure levels. The LMW-PAHs bioconcentration factor was 1-2 orders of magnitude higher in copepods exposed to gas-condensate than in those exposed to crude oil. The median lethal concentration (LC50) was significantly lower in calanoids vs. cyclopoid copepods, suggesting that calanoids are more susceptible to gas-condensate and crude oil pollution, with potential trophic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Velasquez
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR), Haifa, Israel; Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Israel
| | - Arseniy R Morov
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR), Haifa, Israel
| | - Peleg Astrahan
- The Yigal Alon Kinneret Limnological Laboratory (KKL), Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Israel
| | - Dan Tchernov
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Israel
| | - Dalit Meron
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Israel
| | - Rodrigo Almeda
- University of las Palmas of Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Maxim Rubin-Blum
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR), Haifa, Israel; Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Israel
| | - Eyal Rahav
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR), Haifa, Israel
| | - Tamar Guy-Haim
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR), Haifa, Israel.
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2
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Luter HM, Laffy P, Flores F, Brinkman DL, Fisher R, Negri AP. Molecular responses of sponge larvae exposed to partially weathered condensate oil. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 199:115928. [PMID: 38141581 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic inputs of petroleum hydrocarbons into the marine environment can have long lasting impacts on benthic communities. Sponges form an abundant and diverse component of benthic habitats, contributing a variety of important functional roles; however, their responses to petroleum hydrocarbons are largely unknown. This study combined a traditional ecotoxicological experimental design and endpoint with global gene expression profiling and microbial indicator species analysis to examine the effects of a water accommodated fraction (WAF) of condensate oil on a common Indo-Pacific sponge, Phyllospongia foliascens. A no significant effect concentration (N(S)EC) of 2.1 % WAF was obtained for larval settlement, while gene-specific (N(S)EC) thresholds ranged from 3.4 % to 8.8 % WAF. Significant shifts in global gene expression were identified at WAF treatments ≥20 %, with larvae exposed to 100 % WAF most responsive. Results from this study provide an example on the incorporation of non-conventional molecular and microbiological responses into ecotoxicological studies on petroleum hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi M Luter
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville 4810, QLD, Australia; AIMS@JCU, Division of Research & Innovation, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, QLD, Australia.
| | - Patrick Laffy
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville 4810, QLD, Australia; AIMS@JCU, Division of Research & Innovation, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, QLD, Australia
| | - Florita Flores
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville 4810, QLD, Australia
| | - Diane L Brinkman
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville 4810, QLD, Australia
| | - Rebecca Fisher
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Crawley 6009, WA, Australia
| | - Andrew P Negri
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville 4810, QLD, Australia; AIMS@JCU, Division of Research & Innovation, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, QLD, Australia
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3
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Fisher R, Fox DR, Negri AP, van Dam J, Flores F, Koppel D. Methods for estimating no-effect toxicity concentrations in ecotoxicology. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2024; 20:279-293. [PMID: 37431758 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
A range of new statistical approaches is being developed and/or adopted in ecotoxicology that, when combined, can greatly improve the estimation of no-effect toxicity values from concentration-response (CR) experimental data. In particular, we compare the existing no-effect-concentration (NEC) threshold-based toxicity metric with an alternative no-significant-effect-concentration (NSEC) metric suitable for when CR data do not show evidence of a threshold effect. Using a model-averaging approach, these metrics can be combined to yield estimates of N(S)EC and of their uncertainty within a single analysis framework. The outcome is a framework for CR analysis that is robust to uncertainty in the model formulation, and for which resulting estimates can be confidently integrated into risk assessment frameworks, such as the species sensitivity distribution (SSD). Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:279-293. © 2023 Commonwealth of Australia and The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Fisher
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David R Fox
- Environmetrics Australia Pty Ltd, Beaumaris, Victoria, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew P Negri
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joost van Dam
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Brinkin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Florita Flores
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Darren Koppel
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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4
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Nordborg FM, Brinkman DL, Fisher R, Parkerton TF, Oelgemöller M, Negri AP. Effects of aromatic hydrocarbons and evaluation of oil toxicity modelling for larvae of a tropical coral. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 196:115610. [PMID: 37804672 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Application of oil toxicity modelling for assessing the risk of spills to coral reefs remains uncertain due to a lack of data for key tropical species and environmental conditions. In this study, larvae of the coral Acropora millepora were exposed to six aromatic hydrocarbons individually to generate critical target lipid body burdens (CTLBBs). Larval metamorphosis was inhibited by all six aromatic hydrocarbons, while larval survival was only affected at concentrations >2000 μg L-1. The derived metamorphosis CTLBB of 9.7 μmol g-1 octanol indicates larvae are more sensitive than adult corals, and places A. millepora larvae among the most sensitive organisms in the target lipid model (TLM) databases. Larvae were also more sensitive to anthracene and pyrene when co-exposed to ecologically relevant levels of ultraviolet radiation. The results suggest that the application of the phototoxic TLM would be protective of A. millepora larvae, provided adequate chemical and light data are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mikaela Nordborg
- AIMS@JCU, Division of Research & Innovation, James Cook University and Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville 4810, Queensland, Australia; College of Science & Engineering, Division of Tropical Environments and Societies, James Cook University, Townsville 4810, Queensland, Australia; Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville 4810, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Diane L Brinkman
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville 4810, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rebecca Fisher
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Crawley 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Michael Oelgemöller
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Hochschule Fresenius gGmbH-University of Applied Sciences, D-65510 Idstein, Germany
| | - Andrew P Negri
- AIMS@JCU, Division of Research & Innovation, James Cook University and Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville 4810, Queensland, Australia; Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville 4810, Queensland, Australia
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Brinkman DL, Flores F, Luter HM, Nordborg FM, Brooks M, Parkerton TF, Negri AP. Sensitivity of the Indo-Pacific coral Acropora millepora to aromatic hydrocarbons. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023:121963. [PMID: 37286027 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The risks posed by petroleum spills to coral reefs are poorly understood and quantifying acute toxicity thresholds for aromatic hydrocarbons to reef-building corals is required to assess their sensitivity relative to other taxa. In this study, we exposed Acropora millepora to toluene, naphthalene and 1-methylnaphthalene (1-MN) in a flow-through system and assessed survivorship and sublethal responses including growth, colour and the photosynthetic performance of symbionts. Median 50% lethal concentrations (LC50s) decreased over the 7-d exposure period, reaching asymptotic values of 22,921, 5,268, 1167 μg L-1 for toluene, naphthalene and 1-MN, respectively. Corresponding toxicokinetic parameters (εLC50) defining the time progression of toxicity were 0.830, 0.692, and 0.256 d-1, respectively. Latent effects after an additional 7-d recovery in uncontaminated seawater were not observed. Effect concentrations (EC50s) for 50% growth inhibition were 1.9- to 3.6-fold lower than the LC50s for each aromatic hydrocarbon. There were no observed effects of aromatic hydrocarbon exposure on colour score (a proxy for bleaching) or photosynthetic efficiency. Acute and chronic critical target lipid body burdens (CTLBBs) of 70.3 ± 16.3 and 13.6 ± 18.4 μmol g-1 octanol (± standard error) were calculated for survival and growth inhibition based on 7-d LC50 and EC10 values, respectively. These species-specific constants indicate adult A. millepora is more sensitive than other corals reported so far but is of average sensitivity in comparison with other aquatic taxa in the target lipid model database. These results advance our understanding of acute hazards of petroleum contaminants to key habitat-building tropical coral reef species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane L Brinkman
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia.
| | - Florita Flores
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia
| | - Heidi M Luter
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia
| | - F Mikaela Nordborg
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia; AIMS@JCU, Division of Research & Innovation, James Cook University and Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia; James Cook University, College of Science & Engineering, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia
| | - Maxime Brooks
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia; AIMS@JCU, Division of Research & Innovation, James Cook University and Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia; James Cook University, College of Science & Engineering, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia
| | | | - Andrew P Negri
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia; AIMS@JCU, Division of Research & Innovation, James Cook University and Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia
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6
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Philibert DA, Parkerton T, Marteinson S, de Jourdan B. Calibration of an acute toxicity model for the marine crustacean, Artemia franciscana, nauplii to support oil spill effect assessments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 866:161270. [PMID: 36603630 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Oil spill risk and impact assessments rely on time-dependent toxicity models to predict the hazard of the constituents that comprise crude oils and petroleum substances. Dissolved aromatic compounds (ACs) are recognized as a primary driver of aquatic toxicity in surface spill exposure scenarios. However, limited time-dependent toxicity data are available for different classes of ACs to calibrate such models. This study examined the acute toxicity of 14 ACs and 3 binary AC mixtures on Artemia franciscana nauplii at 25 °C. Toxicity tests for 3 ACs were also conducted at 15 °C to evaluate the role of temperature on toxicity. The ACs investigated represented parent and alkylated homocyclic and nitrogen-, sulfur- and oxygen-containing heterocyclic structures with octanol-water partition coefficients (log Kow) ranging from 3.2 to 6.6. Passive dosing was used to expose and maintain concentrations in toxicity tests which were confirmed using fluorometry, and independently validated for 6 ACs using GC-MS analysis. Mortality was assessed at 6, 24, and 48 h to characterize the time course of toxicity. No mortality was observed for the most hydrophobic AC tested, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, due to apparent water solubility constraints. Empirical log LC50 s for the remaining ACs were fit to a linear regression with log Kow to derive a critical target lipid body burden (CTLBB) based on the target lipid model. The calculated 48 h CTLBB of 47.1 ± 8.1 μmol/g octanol indicates that Artemia nauplii exhibited comparable sensitivity to other crustaceans. A steep concentration-response was found across all compounds as evidenced by a narrow range (1.0-3.1) in the observed LC50 /LC10 ratio. Differences in toxicokinetics were noted, and no impacts of temperature-dependence of AC toxicity were found. Toxicity data obtained for individual ACs yielded acceptable predictions of observed binary AC mixture toxicity. Results from this study advance toxicity models used in oil spill assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sarah Marteinson
- National Contaminants Advisory Group, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Bejarano AC, Adams JE, McDowell J, Parkerton TF, Hanson ML. Recommendations for improving the reporting and communication of aquatic toxicity studies for oil spill planning, response, and environmental assessment. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 255:106391. [PMID: 36641886 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Standardized oil toxicity testing is important to ensure comparability of study results, and to generate information to support oil spill planning, response, and environmental assessments. Outcomes from toxicity tests are useful in the development, improvement and validation of effects models, and new or revised knowledge could be integrated into existing databases and related tools. To foster transparency, facilitate repeatability and maximize use and impact, outcomes from toxicity tests need to be clearly reported and communicated. This work is part of a series of reviews to support the modernization of the "Chemical Response to Oil Spills: Ecological Effects Research Forum" protocols focusing on technological advances and best toxicity testing practices. Thus, the primary motivation of the present work is to provide guidance and encourage detailed documentation of aquatic toxicity studies. Specific recommendations are provided regarding key reporting elements (i.e., experimental design, test substance and properties, test species and response endpoints, media preparation, exposure conditions, chemical characterization, reporting metric corresponding to the response endpoint, data quality standards, and statistical methods, and raw data), which along with a proposed checklist can be used to assess the completeness of reporting elements or to guide study conduct. When preparing journal publications, authors are encouraged to take advantage of the Supplementary Material section to enhance dissemination and access to key data and information that can be used by multiple end-users, including decision-makers, scientific support staff and modelers. Improving reporting, science communication, and access to critical information enable users to assess the reliability and relevance of study outcomes and increase incorporation of results gleaned from toxicity testing into tools and applications that support oil spill response decisions. Furthermore, improved reporting could be beneficial for audiences outside the oil spill response community, including peer reviewers, journal editors, aquatic toxicologists, researchers in other disciplines, and the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana C Bejarano
- Shell Global Solutions US Inc., 150 North Dairy Ashford Road, Houston, TX 77079, USA.
| | - Julie E Adams
- School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Nordborg FM, Brinkman DL, Negri AP. Coral recruits are highly sensitive to heavy fuel oil exposure both in the presence and absence of UV light. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 309:119799. [PMID: 35863709 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Oil pollution remains a prominent local hazard to coral reefs, but the sensitivity of some coral life stages to oil exposure remains unstudied. Exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), ubiquitous on coral reefs, may significantly increase oil toxicity towards these critical habitat-forming taxa. Here we present the first data on the sensitivity of two distinct post-settlement life stages of the model coral species Acropora millepora to a heavy fuel oil (HFO) water accommodated fraction (WAF) in the absence and presence of UVR. Assessment of lethal and sublethal endpoints indicates that both 1-week-old and 2-month-old recruits (1-wo and 2-mo) were negatively affected by chronic exposures to HFO (7 and 14 days, respectively). Relative growth (1-wo and 2-mo recruits) and survival (1-wo recruits) at end of exposure were the most sensitive endpoints in the absence of UVR, with no effect concentrations (NEC) of 34.3, 5.7 and 29.3 μg L-1 total aromatic hydrocarbons (TAH; ∑39 monocyclic- and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), respectively. On average, UVR increased the negative effects by 10% for affected endpoints, and latent effects of exposure were evident for relative growth and symbiont uptake of recruits. Other sublethal endpoints, including maximum quantum yield and tissue colour score, were unaffected by chronic HFO exposure. A comparison of putative species-specific sensitivity constants for these ecologically relevant endpoints, indicates A. millepora recruits may be as sensitive as the most sensitive species currently included in oil toxicity databases. While the low intensity UVR only significantly increased the negative effects of the oil for one endpoint, the majority of endpoints showed trends towards increased toxicity in the presence of UVR. Therefore, the data presented here further support the standard incorporation of UVR in oil toxicity testing for tropical corals.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mikaela Nordborg
- AIMS@JCU, Division of Research & Innovation, James Cook University and Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, 4810, Queensland, Australia; College of Science & Engineering, Division of Tropical Environments and Societies, James Cook University, Townsville, 4810, Queensland, Australia; Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, 4810, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Diane L Brinkman
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, 4810, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew P Negri
- AIMS@JCU, Division of Research & Innovation, James Cook University and Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, 4810, Queensland, Australia; Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, 4810, Queensland, Australia
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Ünver B, Evingür GA, Çavaş L. Effects of currently used marine antifouling paint biocides on green fluorescent proteins in Anemonia viridis. J Fluoresc 2022; 32:2087-2096. [PMID: 35917050 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-02986-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Some of the antifouling booster biocides affects the marine ecosystem negatively. The booster biocides that are resistant to degradation are accumulated in the sediment of the oceans. One of the sedentary organisms in the Mediterranean Sea is Anemonia viridis. This study aims at showing the toxicities of common biocides such as irgarol, seanine-211, zinc omadine, and acticide on the fluorescence by GFPs of A. viridis. The decreases in the fluorescence intensities of the GFP were measured within different booster biocide concentrations. The results show that fluorescent intensities of GFP proteins decrease more than 50% when they are exposed to different concentrations of irgarol, zinc omadine, acticide. In conclusion, ecosystem health should be prioritized when new antifouling paint compositions are proposed. From the results, it seems that A. viridis can be considered as a vulnerable organism and it is sensitive to booster biocides within self-polishing antifouling paint formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batuhan Ünver
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Naval Architecture and Mechanical Engineering, Piri Reis University, Tuzla, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Gülşen Akın Evingür
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Industrial Engineering, Piri Reis University, Tuzla, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Levent Çavaş
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Dokuz Eylül University, Kaynaklar Campus, İzmir, Turkey.
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