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Rodrigues FH, de Souza Filho CR, Scafutto RDM, Lassalle G. Unraveling the spectral and biochemical response of mangroves to oil spills and biotic stressors. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 348:123832. [PMID: 38537795 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Mangroves are prone to biotic and abiotic stressors of natural and anthropogenic origin, of which oil pollution is one of the most harmful. Yet the response of mangrove species to acute and chronic oil exposure, as well as to other stressors, remains barely documented. In this study, a non-destructive, non-invasive approach based on field spectroscopy is proposed to unravel these responses. The approach relies on tracking alterations in foliar traits (pigments, sugars, phenols, and specific leaf area) from reflectance data in the 400-2400 nm spectral range. Three mangrove species hit by two of the most notorious oil spills in Brazilian history (1983 and 2019) and various biotic stressors, including grazing, parasitism, and fungal disease, were investigated through field spectroscopy and machine learning. This study reveals strong intra- and interspecific variability of mangrove's spectral and biochemical responses to oil pollution. Trees undergoing acute exposure to oil showed stronger alterations of foliar traits than the chronically exposed ones. Alterations induced by biotic stressors such as parasitism, disease, and grazing were successfully discriminated from those of oil for all species based on Linear Discriminant Analysis (Overall Accuracy ≥76.40% and Kappa ≥0.70). Leaf chlorophyll, phenol, and starch contents were identified as the most relevant traits in stressor discrimination. The study highlights that oil spills affect mangroves uniquely, both acutely and chronically, threatening their global conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Guillaume Lassalle
- Geosciences Institute, University of Campinas, PO Box 6152, 13083-855, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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2
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Cobacho SP, van de Leemput IA, Holmgren M, Christianen MJA. Impact of human disturbance on biogeochemical fluxes in tropical seascapes. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 197:106479. [PMID: 38583357 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Tropical seascapes rely on the feedback relationships among mangrove forests, seagrass meadows, and coral reefs, as they mutually facilitate and enhance each other's functionality. Biogeochemical fluxes link tropical coastal habitats by exchanging material flows and energy through various natural processes that determine the conditions for life and ecosystem functioning. However, little is known about the seascape-scale implications of anthropogenic disruptions to these linkages. Despite the limited number of integrated empirical studies available (with only 11 out of 81 selected studies focusing on the integrated dynamics of mangroves, seagrass, and corals), this review emphasizes the importance of biogeochemical fluxes for ecosystem connectivity in tropical seascapes. It identifies four primary anthropogenic influences that can disturb these fluxes-nutrient enrichment, chemical pollution, microbial pollution, and solid waste accumulation-resulting in eutrophication, increased disease incidence, toxicity, and disruptions to water carbonate chemistry. This review also highlights significant knowledge gaps in our understanding of biogeochemical fluxes and ecosystem responses to perturbations in tropical seascapes. Addressing these knowledge gaps is crucial for developing practical strategies to conserve and manage connected seascapes effectively. Integrated research is needed to shed light on the complex interactions and feedback mechanisms within these ecosystems, providing valuable insights for conservation and management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara P Cobacho
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, 6708, PB Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Ingrid A van de Leemput
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, 6708, PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Milena Holmgren
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, 6708, PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn J A Christianen
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, 6708, PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
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3
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Choueri RB, de Souza Abessa DM, de Carvalho MU, Pazini B, Zanardi-Lamardo E, Rojas LAV, de Carvalho PSM, de Andrade NVM, de Souza Santos LP, Ferraz MA, Alves AV, Castro ÍB. PAH residues and toxicity levels two years after an extensive oil spill on the northeast Brazilian coast. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 200:116063. [PMID: 38278019 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The most extensive oil spill ever recorded in tropical oceans occurred between August 2019 and March 2020, affecting approximately 3000 km of the Brazilian coast. This study assessed the chemical contamination and toxicity of sediments collected from affected reef areas during two sampling surveys conducted 17 and 24 months after the peak of oil slick inputs. Our results indicated that neither PAH levels nor measured toxicity showed a significant contribution from the spilled oil, with concentrations and biological effects indistinguishable from those in unaffected areas. Similarly, no differences were observed between seasons. Furthermore, there was no discernible relationship between sediment toxicity results and the measured PAH concentrations. Therefore, while biological responses indicated toxicity in most assessed areas, these responses are likely related to other local sources. This evidence suggests a natural oil attenuation process contributing to local environmental recovery. Nonetheless, further investigation is needed for other areas affected by oil spills.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Denis Moledo de Souza Abessa
- Campus do Litoral Paulista, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - Unesp, São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - Maysa Ueda de Carvalho
- Campus do Litoral Paulista, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - Unesp, São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - Bianca Pazini
- Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (IMAR-UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Eliete Zanardi-Lamardo
- Laboratório de Compostos Orgânicos em Ecossistemas Costeiros e Marinhos (OrganoMAR) - Departamento de Oceanografia, Centro de Tecnologia e Geociências (CTG), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Lino Angel Valcárcel Rojas
- Laboratório de Compostos Orgânicos em Ecossistemas Costeiros e Marinhos (OrganoMAR) - Departamento de Oceanografia, Centro de Tecnologia e Geociências (CTG), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio Martins de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Compostos Orgânicos em Ecossistemas Costeiros e Marinhos (OrganoMAR) - Departamento de Oceanografia, Centro de Tecnologia e Geociências (CTG), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Nycolle Virgínia Maux de Andrade
- Laboratório de Cultivo e Ecotoxicologia (LACE) - Departamento de Oceanografia, Centro de Tecnologia e Geociências (CTG), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Lília Pereira de Souza Santos
- Laboratório de Cultivo e Ecotoxicologia (LACE) - Departamento de Oceanografia, Centro de Tecnologia e Geociências (CTG), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Aline Vecchio Alves
- Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (IMAR-UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ítalo Braga Castro
- Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (IMAR-UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil.
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4
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Lassalle G, Scafutto RDM, Lourenço RA, Mazzafera P, de Souza Filho CR. Remote sensing reveals unprecedented sublethal impacts of a 40-year-old oil spill on mangroves. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023:121859. [PMID: 37236581 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Oil spills cause long-lasting mangrove loss, threatening their conservation and ecosystem services worldwide. Oil spills impact mangrove forests at various spatial and temporal scales. Yet, their long-term sublethal effects on trees remain poorly documented. Here, we explore these effects based on one of the largest oil spills ever recorded, the Baixada Santista pipeline leak, which hit the mangroves of the Brazilian southeastern coast in 1983. Historical, Landsat-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) maps over the spilled mangrove reveal a large dieback of trees within a year following the oil spill, followed by a heigh-year recolonization period and a stabilization of the canopy cover, however 20-30% lower than initially observed. We explain this permanent loss by an unexpected persistence of oil pollution in the sediments based on visual and geochemical evidence. Using field spectroscopy and cutting-edge drone hyperspectral imaging, we demonstrate how the continuous exposure of mangrove trees to high levels of pollution affects their health and productivity in the long term, by imposing permanent stressful conditions. Our study also reveals that tree species differ in their sensitivity to oil, giving the most tolerant ones a competitive advantage to recolonize spilled mangroves. By leveraging drone laser scanning, we estimate the loss of forest biomass caused by the oil spill to 9.8-91.2 t ha-1, corresponding to 4.3-40.1 t C ha-1. Based on our findings, we encourage environmental agencies and lawmakers to consider the sublethal effects of oil spills on mangroves in the environmental cost of these accidents. We also encourage petroleum companies to use drone remote sensing in monitoring routines and oil spill response planning to improve mangrove preservation and impact assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Lassalle
- Geosciences Institute, University of Campinas, PO Box 6152, 13083-855, Campinas, Brazil.
| | | | - Rafael Andre Lourenço
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo (IO-USP), Praça Do Oceanográfico 191, Cidade Universitária, 05508-120, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Mazzafera
- Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, PO Box 6152, 13083-855, Campinas, Brazil
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Ríos-Mármol M, Daniel-Hincapié I, Vivas-Aguas LJ, Romero-D'Achiardi D, Espinosa-Díaz L, Canals M, Garcés-Ordóñez O. Environmental risk assessment of petrogenic hydrocarbon spills in mangrove ecosystems: the Tumaco case study as a baseline, Colombian Pacific. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:440. [PMID: 36867319 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11031-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Petrogenic hydrocarbon spills (PHS) are harmful to mangrove ecosystems along tropical coastlines in the short and long term. The aim of this study was to assess the environmental risk of recurrent PHS on mangrove ecosystems in Tumaco municipality, Colombian Pacific. Mangrove characteristics and management aspects led to subdividing the study area into 11 units-of-analysis (UAs) for which threats, vulnerability, potential impacts, and risks were assessed based on environmental factors and the formulation and use of indicators in a rating scale with five categories, which are very low, low, moderate, high, and very high. The results showed that all UAs are highly (64%; 15,525 ha) or moderately (36%; 4,464 ha) threatened by PHS, highly (45%; 13,478 ha) or moderately (55%; 6,511 ha) vulnerable to this kind of pollution, and susceptible to high (73%; 17,075 ha) or moderate (27%; 2,914 ha) potential impacts. The environmental risk was high in 73% (17,075 ha) of the UAs, indicating likely irreversible damage to mangrove ecosystems by PHS, thus pointing to the need of urgent intervention by responsible authorities to ease their recovery and conservation. The methodology and results of this study become technical inputs that serve for environmental control and monitoring, which can be incorporated into contingency and risk management plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ríos-Mármol
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras José Benito Vives de Andréis - INVEMAR, Calle 25#2-55, Rodadero, Santa Marta, Colombia.
- Universidad del Magdalena, Programa de Maestría en Desarrollo Territorial Sostenible, Carrera 32 #22-08, Santa Marta, Colombia.
| | - Inger Daniel-Hincapié
- Escuela Naval de Suboficiales (ARC Barranquilla), Grupo de Investigaciones Marinas, Ambientales y Costeras (GIMAC), Calle 58 esquina Vía 40, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Lizbeth-Janet Vivas-Aguas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras José Benito Vives de Andréis - INVEMAR, Calle 25#2-55, Rodadero, Santa Marta, Colombia.
- Red de Vigilancia para la Conservación y Protección de las Aguas Marinas y Costeras de Colombia - REDCAM, Calle 25#2-55, Rodadero, Santa Marta, Colombia.
| | - Diana Romero-D'Achiardi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras José Benito Vives de Andréis - INVEMAR, Calle 25#2-55, Rodadero, Santa Marta, Colombia
| | - Luisa Espinosa-Díaz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras José Benito Vives de Andréis - INVEMAR, Calle 25#2-55, Rodadero, Santa Marta, Colombia
- Red de Vigilancia para la Conservación y Protección de las Aguas Marinas y Costeras de Colombia - REDCAM, Calle 25#2-55, Rodadero, Santa Marta, Colombia
| | - Miquel Canals
- GRC Geociències Marines, Departament de Dinàmica de la Terra i de l'Oceà, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ostin Garcés-Ordóñez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras José Benito Vives de Andréis - INVEMAR, Calle 25#2-55, Rodadero, Santa Marta, Colombia.
- Red de Vigilancia para la Conservación y Protección de las Aguas Marinas y Costeras de Colombia - REDCAM, Calle 25#2-55, Rodadero, Santa Marta, Colombia.
- GRC Geociències Marines, Departament de Dinàmica de la Terra i de l'Oceà, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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6
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Hulver AM, Steckbauer A, Ellis JI, Aylagas E, Roth F, Kharbatia N, Thomson T, Carvalho S, Jones BH, Berumen ML. Interaction effects of crude oil and nutrient exposure on settlement of coral reef benthos. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 185:114352. [PMID: 36395713 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic stressors increasingly cause ecosystem-level changes to sensitive marine habitats such as coral reefs. Intensification of coastal development and shipping traffic can increase nutrient and oil pollution on coral reefs, yet these two stressors have not been studied in conjunction. Here, we simulate a disturbance scenario exposing carbonate settlement tiles to nutrient and oil pollution in a full-factorial design with four treatments: control, nutrients, oil, and combination to examine community structure and net primary productivity (NPP) of pioneer communities throughout 28 weeks. Compared to the control treatment oil pollution decreased overall settlement and NPP, while nutrients increased turf algae and NPP. However, the combination of these two stressors resulted in similar community composition and NPP as the control. These results indicate that pioneer communities may experience shifts due to nutrient enrichment, and/or oil pollution. However, the timing and duration of an event will influence recovery trajectories requiring further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Marie Hulver
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; The Ohio State University (OSU), School of Earth Sciences, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Alexandra Steckbauer
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joanne I Ellis
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; University of Waikato, School of Biological Sciences, Tauranga 3110, New Zealand
| | - Eva Aylagas
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Florian Roth
- Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Tvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Najeh Kharbatia
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Analytical Chemistry Core Lab Facilities, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Timothy Thomson
- University of Waikato, School of Biological Sciences, Tauranga 3110, New Zealand
| | - Susana Carvalho
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Burton H Jones
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael L Berumen
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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