1
|
Xu KL, Mauck RL, Burdick JA. Modeling development using hydrogels. Development 2023; 150:dev201527. [PMID: 37387575 PMCID: PMC10323241 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The development of multicellular complex organisms relies on coordinated signaling from the microenvironment, including both biochemical and mechanical interactions. To better understand developmental biology, increasingly sophisticated in vitro systems are needed to mimic these complex extracellular features. In this Primer, we explore how engineered hydrogels can serve as in vitro culture platforms to present such signals in a controlled manner and include examples of how they have been used to advance our understanding of developmental biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen L. Xu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert L. Mauck
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jason A. Burdick
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sousa-Ortega A, Vázquez-Marín J, Sanabria-Reinoso E, Corbacho J, Polvillo R, Campoy-López A, Buono L, Loosli F, Almuedo-Castillo M, Martínez-Morales JR. A Yap-dependent mechanoregulatory program sustains cell migration for embryo axis assembly. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2804. [PMID: 37193708 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38482-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The assembly of the embryo's primary axis is a fundamental landmark for the establishment of the vertebrate body plan. Although the morphogenetic movements directing cell convergence towards the midline have been described extensively, little is known on how gastrulating cells interpret mechanical cues. Yap proteins are well-known transcriptional mechanotransducers, yet their role in gastrulation remains elusive. Here we show that the double knockout of yap and its paralog yap1b in medaka results in an axis assembly failure, due to reduced displacement and migratory persistence in mutant cells. Accordingly, we identified genes involved in cytoskeletal organization and cell-ECM adhesion as potentially direct Yap targets. Dynamic analysis of live sensors and downstream targets reveal that Yap is acting in migratory cells, promoting cortical actin and focal adhesions recruitment. Our results indicate that Yap coordinates a mechanoregulatory program to sustain intracellular tension and maintain the directed cell migration for embryo axis development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sousa-Ortega
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CSIC/UPO/JA), 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | | | - Jorge Corbacho
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CSIC/UPO/JA), 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rocío Polvillo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CSIC/UPO/JA), 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Lorena Buono
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CSIC/UPO/JA), 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Felix Loosli
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems, Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huljev K, Shamipour S, Pinheiro D, Preusser F, Steccari I, Sommer CM, Naik S, Heisenberg CP. A hydraulic feedback loop between mesendoderm cell migration and interstitial fluid relocalization promotes embryonic axis formation in zebrafish. Dev Cell 2023; 58:582-596.e7. [PMID: 36931269 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Interstitial fluid (IF) accumulation between embryonic cells is thought to be important for embryo patterning and morphogenesis. Here, we identify a positive mechanical feedback loop between cell migration and IF relocalization and find that it promotes embryonic axis formation during zebrafish gastrulation. We show that anterior axial mesendoderm (prechordal plate [ppl]) cells, moving in between the yolk cell and deep cell tissue to extend the embryonic axis, compress the overlying deep cell layer, thereby causing IF to flow from the deep cell layer to the boundary between the yolk cell and the deep cell layer, directly ahead of the advancing ppl. This IF relocalization, in turn, facilitates ppl cell protrusion formation and migration by opening up the space into which the ppl moves and, thereby, the ability of the ppl to trigger IF relocalization by pushing against the overlying deep cell layer. Thus, embryonic axis formation relies on a hydraulic feedback loop between cell migration and IF relocalization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karla Huljev
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Shayan Shamipour
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Diana Pinheiro
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Friedrich Preusser
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück centre for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Irene Steccari
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | | | - Suyash Naik
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cofre J, Saalfeld K. The first embryo, the origin of cancer and animal phylogeny. I. A presentation of the neoplastic process and its connection with cell fusion and germline formation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1067248. [PMID: 36684435 PMCID: PMC9846517 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1067248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The decisive role of Embryology in understanding the evolution of animal forms is founded and deeply rooted in the history of science. It is recognized that the emergence of multicellularity would not have been possible without the formation of the first embryo. We speculate that biophysical phenomena and the surrounding environment of the Ediacaran ocean were instrumental in co-opting a neoplastic functional module (NFM) within the nucleus of the first zygote. Thus, the neoplastic process, understood here as a biological phenomenon with profound embryologic implications, served as the evolutionary engine that favored the formation of the first embryo and cancerous diseases and allowed to coherently create and recreate body shapes in different animal groups during evolution. In this article, we provide a deep reflection on the Physics of the first embryogenesis and its contribution to the exaptation of additional NFM components, such as the extracellular matrix. Knowledge of NFM components, structure, dynamics, and origin advances our understanding of the numerous possibilities and different innovations that embryos have undergone to create animal forms via Neoplasia during evolutionary radiation. The developmental pathways of Neoplasia have their origins in ctenophores and were consolidated in mammals and other apical groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Cofre
- Laboratório de Embriologia Molecular e Câncer, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil,*Correspondence: Jaime Cofre,
| | - Kay Saalfeld
- Laboratório de Filogenia Animal, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Howard AGA, Uribe RA. Hox proteins as regulators of extracellular matrix interactions during neural crest migration. Differentiation 2022; 128:26-32. [PMID: 36228422 PMCID: PMC10802151 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Emerging during embryogenesis, the neural crest are a migratory, transient population of multipotent stem cell that differentiates into various cell types in vertebrates. Neural crest cells arise along the anterior-posterior extent of the neural tube, delaminate and migrate along routes to their final destinations. The factors that orchestrate how neural crest cells undergo delamination and their subsequent sustained migration is not fully understood. This review provides a primer about neural crest epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), with a special emphasis on the role of the Extracellular matrix (ECM), cellular effector proteins of EMT, and subsequent migration. We also summarize published findings that link the expression of Hox transcription factors to EMT and ECM modification, thereby implicating Hox factors in regulation of EMT and ECM remodeling during neural crest cell ontogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey G A Howard
- BioSciences Department, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA; Biochemistry and Cell Biology Program, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Rosa A Uribe
- BioSciences Department, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA; Biochemistry and Cell Biology Program, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nakayama J, Tan L, Li Y, Goh BC, Wang S, Makinoshima H, Gong Z. A zebrafish embryo screen utilizing gastrulation identifies the HTR2C inhibitor pizotifen as a suppressor of EMT-mediated metastasis. eLife 2021; 10:e70151. [PMID: 34919051 PMCID: PMC8824480 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is responsible for approximately 90% of cancer-associated mortality but few models exist that allow for rapid and effective screening of anti-metastasis drugs. Current mouse models of metastasis are too expensive and time consuming to use for rapid and high-throughput screening. Therefore, we created a unique screening concept utilizing conserved mechanisms between zebrafish gastrulation and cancer metastasis for identification of potential anti-metastatic drugs. We hypothesized that small chemicals that interrupt zebrafish gastrulation might also suppress metastatic progression of cancer cells and developed a phenotype-based chemical screen to test the hypothesis. The screen used epiboly, the first morphogenetic movement in gastrulation, as a marker and enabled 100 chemicals to be tested in 5 hr. The screen tested 1280 FDA-approved drugs and identified pizotifen, an antagonist for serotonin receptor 2C (HTR2C) as an epiboly-interrupting drug. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of HTR2C suppressed metastatic progression in a mouse model. Blocking HTR2C with pizotifen restored epithelial properties to metastatic cells through inhibition of Wnt signaling. In contrast, HTR2C induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition through activation of Wnt signaling and promoted metastatic dissemination of human cancer cells in a zebrafish xenotransplantation model. Taken together, our concept offers a novel platform for discovery of anti-metastasis drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joji Nakayama
- Department of Biological Science, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Tsuruoka Metabolomics Laboratory, National Cancer CenterTsuruokaJapan
- Shonai Regional Industry Promotion CenterTsuruokaJapan
| | - Lora Tan
- Department of Biological Science, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Biological Science, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Boon Cher Goh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Biological Science, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Institute of Bioengineering and NanotechnologySingaporeSingapore
| | - Hideki Makinoshima
- Tsuruoka Metabolomics Laboratory, National Cancer CenterTsuruokaJapan
- Division of Translational Research, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer CenterKashiwaJapan
| | - Zhiyuan Gong
- Department of Biological Science, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Creighton JH, Jessen JR. Core pathway proteins and the molecular basis of planar polarity in the zebrafish gastrula. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 125:17-25. [PMID: 34635444 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The planar polarization of cells and subcellular structures is critical for embryonic development. Coordination of this polarity can provide cells a sense of direction in relation to the anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral body axes. Fly epithelia use a core pathway comprised of transmembrane (Van Gogh/Strabismus, Frizzled, and Flamingo/Starry night) and cytoplasmic (Prickle or Spiny-legs, Dishevelled, and Diego) proteins to communicate directional information between cells and thereby promote the uniform orientation of structures such as hairs. In the zebrafish gastrula, planar polarity underlies complex cellular processes, including directed migration and intercalation, that are required to shape the embryo body. Like other vertebrates, the zebrafish genome encodes homologs of each core protein, and it is well-established that polarized gastrula cell behaviors are regulated by some of them. However, it is unknown whether a conserved six-member core protein pathway regulates planar polarity during zebrafish gastrulation. Here, we review our current understanding of core protein function as it relates to two specific examples of planar polarity, the dorsal convergence of lateral gastrula cells and the mediolateral intercalation of midline cells. We consider the hallmarks of fly planar polarity and discuss data regarding asymmetric protein localization and function, and the intercellular communication of polarity information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joy H Creighton
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA
| | - Jason R Jessen
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Reeck JC, Hardy MJ, Pu X, Keller-Peck C, Oxford JT. Authentication of a novel antibody to zebrafish collagen type XI alpha 1 chain (Col11a1a). BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:359. [PMID: 34526111 PMCID: PMC8444443 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05770-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Extracellular matrix proteins play important roles in embryonic development and antibodies that specifically detect these proteins are essential to understanding their function. The zebrafish embryo is a popular model for vertebrate development but suffers from a dearth of authenticated antibody reagents for research. Here, we describe a novel antibody designed to detect the minor fibrillar collagen chain Col11a1a in zebrafish (AB strain). RESULTS The Col11a1a antibody was raised in rabbit against a peptide comprising a unique sequence within the zebrafish Col11a1a gene product. The antibody was affinity-purified and characterized by ELISA. The antibody is effective for immunoblot and immunohistochemistry applications. Protein bands identified by immunoblot were confirmed by mass spectrometry and sensitivity to collagenase. Col11a1a knockout zebrafish were used to confirm specificity of the antibody. The Col11a1a antibody labeled cartilaginous structures within the developing jaw, consistent with previously characterized Col11a1 antibodies in other species. Col11a1a within formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded zebrafish were recognized by the antibody. The antibodies and the approaches described here will help to address the lack of well-defined antibody reagents in zebrafish research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon C. Reeck
- Department of Biological Sciences, Biomolecular Sciences Graduate Program, and Biomolecular Research Center, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725 USA
| | - Makenna J. Hardy
- Biomolecular Sciences Graduate Program, Biomolecular Research Center, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725 USA
| | - Xinzhu Pu
- Biomolecular Research Center, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725 USA
| | | | - Julia Thom Oxford
- Department of Biological Sciences, Biomolecular Sciences Graduate Program, and Biomolecular Research Center, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725 USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
As the crucial non-cellular component of tissues, the extracellular matrix (ECM) provides both physical support and signaling regulation to cells. Some ECM molecules provide a fibrillar environment around cells, while others provide a sheet-like basement membrane scaffold beneath epithelial cells. In this Review, we focus on recent studies investigating the mechanical, biophysical and signaling cues provided to developing tissues by different types of ECM in a variety of developing organisms. In addition, we discuss how the ECM helps to regulate tissue morphology during embryonic development by governing key elements of cell shape, adhesion, migration and differentiation. Summary: This Review discusses our current understanding of how the extracellular matrix helps guide developing tissues by influencing cell adhesion, migration, shape and differentiation, emphasizing the biophysical cues it provides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A Cruz Walma
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4370, USA
| | - Kenneth M Yamada
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4370, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Unlu G, Qi X, Gamazon ER, Melville DB, Patel N, Rushing AR, Hashem M, Al-Faifi A, Chen R, Li B, Cox NJ, Alkuraya FS, Knapik EW. Phenome-based approach identifies RIC1-linked Mendelian syndrome through zebrafish models, biobank associations and clinical studies. Nat Med 2020; 26:98-109. [PMID: 31932796 PMCID: PMC7147997 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0705-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Discovery of genotype-phenotype relationships remains a major challenge in clinical medicine. Here, we combined three sources of phenotypic data to uncover a novel mechanism for rare and common diseases resulting from collagen secretion deficits. Using zebrafish genetic screen, we identified the ric1 gene to be essential for skeletal biology. Using a gene-based phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) in the EHR-linked BioVU biobank, we show that reduced genetically determined expression of RIC1 is associated with musculoskeletal and dental conditions. Whole exome sequencing (WES) identified individuals homozygous-by-descent for a rare variant in RIC1, and, through a guided clinical re-evaluation, they were discovered to share signs with the BioVU-associated phenome. We named this novel Mendelian syndrome CATIFA (Cleft lip, cAtaract, Tooth abnormality, Intellectual disability, Facial dysmorphism, ADHD), and revealed further disease mechanisms. This gene-based PheWAS-guided approach can accelerate the discovery of clinically relevant disease phenome and associated biological mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Unlu
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xinzi Qi
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eric R Gamazon
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Clare Hall, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David B Melville
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Nisha Patel
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amy R Rushing
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mais Hashem
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Al-Faifi
- Department of Pediatrics, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rui Chen
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bingshan Li
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nancy J Cox
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ela W Knapik
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA. .,Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA. .,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
|
12
|
Williams ML, Solnica-Krezel L. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of convergence and extension in zebrafish. Curr Top Dev Biol 2020; 136:377-407. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
13
|
Prince DJ, Jessen JR. Dorsal convergence of gastrula cells requires Vangl2 and an adhesion protein-dependent change in protrusive activity. Development 2019; 146:dev.182188. [PMID: 31719041 DOI: 10.1242/dev.182188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Lateral zebrafish hypoblast cells initiate dorsal convergence near mid-gastrulation and exhibit non-polarized morphologies, limited cell-cell contact and indirect migration trajectories. By late gastrulation, mesodermal cells become packed as they engage in planar cell polarity (PCP)-dependent movement. Here, we aimed to understand this transition in cell behavior by examining the relationship between protrusion dynamics and establishment of PCP and directed migration. We found that wild-type cells undergo a reduction in bleb protrusions near late gastrulation accompanied by a VANGL planar cell polarity protein 2 (Vangl2)-regulated increase in filopodia number and polarization. Manipulation of blebs is sufficient to interfere with PCP and directed migration. We show that Vangl2, fibronectin and cadherin 2 function to suppress blebbing. Vangl2 maintains ezrin b (Ezrb) protein levels and higher Ezrb activation rescues defective mediolateral cell alignment and migration paths in vangl2 mutant embryos. Transplantation experiments show that loss of vangl2 disrupts protrusion formation cell-autonomously while fibronectin acts non-autonomously. We propose that dorsal convergence requires the coordinated action of Vangl2, Ezrb and cell-adhesion proteins to inhibit blebs and promote polarized actin-rich protrusive activity and PCP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dianna J Prince
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA
| | - Jason R Jessen
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cheng XN, Shao M, Shi DL. Collagen triple helix repeat containing 1a (Cthrc1a) regulates cell adhesion and migration during gastrulation in zebrafish. Exp Cell Res 2019; 381:112-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
15
|
Nowotschin S, Hadjantonakis AK, Campbell K. The endoderm: a divergent cell lineage with many commonalities. Development 2019; 146:146/11/dev150920. [PMID: 31160415 PMCID: PMC6589075 DOI: 10.1242/dev.150920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The endoderm is a progenitor tissue that, in humans, gives rise to the majority of internal organs. Over the past few decades, genetic studies have identified many of the upstream signals specifying endoderm identity in different model systems, revealing them to be divergent from invertebrates to vertebrates. However, more recent studies of the cell behaviours driving endodermal morphogenesis have revealed a surprising number of shared features, including cells undergoing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs), collective cell migration, and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transitions (METs). In this Review, we highlight how cross-organismal studies of endoderm morphogenesis provide a useful perspective that can move our understanding of this fascinating tissue forward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Nowotschin
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anna-Katerina Hadjantonakis
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kyra Campbell
- Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK .,Department of Biomedical Science, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Huss DJ, Saias S, Hamamah S, Singh JM, Wang J, Dave M, Kim J, Eberwine J, Lansford R. Avian Primordial Germ Cells Contribute to and Interact With the Extracellular Matrix During Early Migration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:35. [PMID: 30984757 PMCID: PMC6447691 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
During early avian development, primordial germ cells (PGC) are highly migratory, moving from the central area pellucida of the blastoderm to the anterior extra-embryonic germinal crescent. The PGCs soon move into the forming blood vessels by intravasation and travel in the circulatory system to the genital ridges where they participate in the organogenesis of the gonads. This complex cellular migration takes place in close association with a nascent extracellular matrix that matures in a precise spatio-temporal pattern. We first compiled a list of quail matrisome genes by bioinformatic screening of human matrisome orthologs. Next, we used single cell RNA-seq analysis (scRNAseq) to determine that PGCs express numerous ECM and ECM-associated genes in early embryos. The expression of select ECM transcripts and proteins in PGCs were verified by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunofluorescence (IF). Live imaging of transgenic quail embryos injected with fluorescent antibodies against fibronectin and laminin, showed that germinal crescent PGCs display rapid shape changes and morphological properties such as blebbing and filopodia while surrounded by, or in close contact with, an ECM fibril meshwork that is itself in constant motion. Injection of anti-β1 integrin CSAT antibodies resulted in a reduction of mature fibronectin and laminin fibril meshwork in the germinal crescent at HH4-5 but did not alter the active motility of the PGCs or their ability to populate the germinal crescent. These results suggest that integrin β1 receptors are important, but not required, for PGCs to successfully migrate during embryonic development, but instead play a vital role in ECM fibrillogenesis and assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J. Huss
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sasha Saias
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sevag Hamamah
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Penn Genome Frontiers Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Penn Genome Frontiers Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mohit Dave
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Junhyong Kim
- Penn Genome Frontiers Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - James Eberwine
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Penn Genome Frontiers Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Rusty Lansford
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Schumacher L. Collective Cell Migration in Development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1146:105-116. [PMID: 31612456 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-17593-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Collective cell migration is a key process in developmental biology, facilitating the bulk movement of cells in the morphogenesis of animal tissues. Predictive understanding in this field remains challenging due to the complexity of many interacting cells, their signalling, and microenvironmental factors - all of which can give rise to non-intuitive emergent behaviours. In this chapter we discuss biological examples of collective cell migration from a range of model systems, developmental stages, and spatial scales: border cell migration and haemocyte dispersal in Drosophila, gastrulation, neural crest migration, lateral line formation in zebrafish, and branching morphogenesis; as well as examples of developmental defects and similarities to metastatic invasion in cancer. These examples will be used to illustrate principles that we propose to be important: heterogeneity of cell states, substrate-free migration, contact-inhibition of locomotion, confinement and repulsive cues, cell-induced (or self-generated) gradients, stochastic group decisions, tissue mechanics, and reprogramming of cell behaviours. Understanding how such principles play a common, overarching role across multiple biological systems may lead towards a more integrative understanding of the causes and function of collective cell migration in developmental biology, and to potential strategies for the repair of developmental defects, the prevention and control of cancer, and advances in tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linus Schumacher
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Love AM, Prince DJ, Jessen JR. Vangl2-dependent regulation of membrane protrusions and directed migration requires a fibronectin extracellular matrix. Development 2018; 145:dev.165472. [PMID: 30327324 DOI: 10.1242/dev.165472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
During zebrafish gastrulation the planar cell polarity (PCP) protein Vang-like 2 (Vangl2) regulates the polarization of cells that are engaged in directed migration. However, it is unclear whether Vangl2 influences membrane-protrusive activities in migrating gastrula cells and whether these processes require the fibronectin extracellular matrix. Here, we report that Vangl2 modulates the formation and polarization of actin-rich filopodia-like and large lamellipodia-like protrusions in ectodermal cells. By contrast, disrupted Glypican4/PCP signaling affects protrusion polarity but not protrusion number or directed migration. Analysis of fluorescent fusion protein expression suggests that there is widespread Vangl2 symmetry in migrating cells, but there is enrichment at membrane domains that are developing large protrusions compared with non-protrusive domains. We show that the fibronectin extracellular matrix is essential for cell-surface Vangl2 expression, membrane-protrusive activity and directed migration. Manipulation of fibronectin protein levels rescues protrusion and directed migration phenotypes in vangl2 mutant embryos, but it is not sufficient to restore either PCP, or convergence and extension movements. Together, our findings identify distinct roles for Vangl2 and Glypican4/PCP signaling during membrane protrusion formation and demonstrate that cell-matrix interactions underlie Vangl2-dependent regulation of protrusive activities in migrating gastrula cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Love
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA
| | - Dianna J Prince
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA
| | - Jason R Jessen
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hu B, Gao Y, Davies L, Woo S, Topczewski J, Jessen JR, Lin F. Glypican 4 and Mmp14 interact in regulating the migration of anterior endodermal cells by limiting extracellular matrix deposition. Development 2018; 145:dev.163303. [PMID: 30082271 DOI: 10.1242/dev.163303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
During embryogenesis, the germ layers, including the endoderm, undergo convergence and extension movements to narrow and elongate the body plan. In zebrafish, the dorsal migration of endodermal cells during gastrulation is controlled by chemokine signaling, but little is known about how they migrate during segmentation. Here, we show that glypican 4 (Gpc4), a member of the heparin sulfate proteoglycan family, is required for efficient migration of anterior endodermal cells during early segmentation, regulating Rac activation to maintain polarized actin-rich lamellipodia. An endoderm transplantation assay showed that Gpc4 regulates endoderm migration in a non-cell-autonomous fashion. Further analyses revealed that the impaired endoderm migration in gpc4 mutants results from increases in the expression and assembly of fibronectin and laminin, major components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Notably, we found that matrix metalloproteinase 14 (Mmp14a/b) is required for the control of ECM expression during endoderm migration, with Gpc4 acting through Mmp14a/b to limit ECM expression. Our results suggest that Gpc4 is crucial for generating the environment required for efficient migration of endodermal cells, uncovering a novel function of Gpc4 during development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Gao
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Lauren Davies
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Stephanie Woo
- School of Natural Sciences, Merced, University of California Merced, Merced, CA 95340, USA
| | - Jacek Topczewski
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-093, Poland
| | - Jason R Jessen
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA
| | - Fang Lin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jessen TN, Jessen JR. VANGL2 interacts with integrin αv to regulate matrix metalloproteinase activity and cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix. Exp Cell Res 2017; 361:265-276. [PMID: 29097183 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) proteins are implicated in a variety of morphogenetic processes including embryonic cell migration and potentially cancer progression. During zebrafish gastrulation, the transmembrane protein Vang-like 2 (VANGL2) is required for PCP and directed cell migration. These cell behaviors occur in the context of a fibrillar extracellular matrix (ECM). While it is thought that interactions with the ECM regulate cell migration, it is unclear how PCP proteins such as VANGL2 influence these events. Using an in vitro cell culture model system, we previously showed that human VANGL2 negatively regulates membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MMP14) and activation of secreted matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2). Here, we investigated the functional relationship between VANGL2, integrin αvβ3, and MMP2 activation. We provide evidence that VANGL2 regulates cell surface integrin αvβ3 expression and adhesion to fibronectin, laminin, and vitronectin. Inhibition of MMP14/MMP2 activity suppressed the cell adhesion defect in VANGL2 knockdown cells. Furthermore, our data show that MMP14 and integrin αv are required for increased proteolysis by VANGL2 knockdown cells. Lastly, we have identified integrin αvβ3 as a novel VANGL2 binding partner. Together, these findings begin to dissect the molecular underpinnings of how VANGL2 regulates MMP activity and cell adhesion to the ECM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tammy N Jessen
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, 1301 East Main Street, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA
| | - Jason R Jessen
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, 1301 East Main Street, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sato Y, Nagatoshi K, Hamano A, Imamura Y, Huss D, Uchida S, Lansford R. Basal filopodia and vascular mechanical stress organize fibronectin into pillars bridging the mesoderm-endoderm gap. Development 2017; 144:281-291. [PMID: 28096216 DOI: 10.1242/dev.141259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cells may exchange information with other cells and tissues by exerting forces on the extracellular matrix (ECM). Fibronectin (FN) is an important ECM component that forms fibrils through cell contacts and creates directionally biased geometry. Here, we demonstrate that FN is deposited as pillars between widely separated germ layers, namely the somitic mesoderm and the endoderm, in quail embryos. Alongside the FN pillars, long filopodia protrude from the basal surfaces of somite epithelial cells. Loss-of-function of Ena/VASP, α5β1-integrins or talin in the somitic cells abolished the FN pillars, indicating that FN pillar formation is dependent on the basal filopodia through these molecules. The basal filopodia and FN pillars are also necessary for proper somite morphogenesis. We identified a new mechanism contributing to FN pillar formation by focusing on cyclic expansion of adjacent dorsal aorta. Maintenance of the directional alignment of the FN pillars depends on pulsatile blood flow through the dorsal aortae. These results suggest that the FN pillars are specifically established through filopodia-mediated and pulsating force-related mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Sato
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan .,JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Kei Nagatoshi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ayumi Hamano
- Department of Advanced Information Technology, Faculty of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0385, Japan
| | - Yuko Imamura
- Graduate School of Science, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - David Huss
- Department of Radiology and Developmental Neuroscience Program, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.,Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Seiichi Uchida
- Department of Advanced Information Technology, Faculty of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0385, Japan
| | - Rusty Lansford
- Department of Radiology and Developmental Neuroscience Program, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.,Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Trapani V, Bonaldo P, Corallo D. Role of the ECM in notochord formation, function and disease. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:3203-3211. [PMID: 28883093 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.175950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The notochord is a midline structure common to all chordate animals; it provides mechanical and signaling cues for the developing embryo. In vertebrates, the notochord plays key functions during embryogenesis, being a source of developmental signals that pattern the surrounding tissues. It is composed of a core of vacuolated cells surrounded by an epithelial-like sheath of cells that secrete a thick peri-notochordal basement membrane made of different extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. The correct deposition and organization of the ECM is essential for proper notochord morphogenesis and function. Work carried out in the past two decades has allowed researchers to dissect the contribution of different ECM components to this embryonic tissue. Here, we will provide an overview of these genetic and mechanistic studies. In particular, we highlight the specific functions of distinct matrix molecules in regulating notochord development and notochord-derived signals. Moreover, we also discuss the involvement of ECM synthesis and its remodeling in the pathogenesis of chordoma, a malignant bone cancer that originates from remnants of notochord remaining after embryogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Trapani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonaldo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy .,CRIBI Biotechnology Center, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Diana Corallo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy .,Pediatric Research Institute, Città della Speranza, 35127 Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nauroy P, Hughes S, Naba A, Ruggiero F. The in-silico zebrafish matrisome: A new tool to study extracellular matrix gene and protein functions. Matrix Biol 2017; 65:5-13. [PMID: 28739138 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins are major components of most tissues and organs. In addition to their crucial role in tissue cohesion and biomechanics, they chiefly regulate various important biological processes during embryonic development, tissue homeostasis and repair. In essence, ECM proteins were defined as secreted proteins that localized in the extracellular space. The characterization of the human and mouse matrisomes provided the first definition of ECM actors by comprehensively listing ECM proteins and classified them into categories. Because zebrafish is becoming a popular model to study ECM biology, we sought to characterize the zebrafish matrisome using an in-silico gene-orthology-based approach. We report the identification of 1002 genes encoding the in-silico zebrafish matrisome. Using independent validations, we provide evidence for the robustness of the orthology-based approach. Moreover, we evaluated the orthology relationships between human and zebrafish genes at the whole-genome and matrisome levels and showed that the different categories of ECM genes are differentially subjected to evolutionary pressure. Last, we illustrate how the zebrafish matrisome list can be employed to annotate big data using the example of a previously published proteomic study of the skeletal ECM. The establishment of the zebrafish matrisome will undoubtedly facilitate the analysis of ECM components in "-omic" data sets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Nauroy
- Univ Lyon, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 46 allée d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon, France
| | - Sandrine Hughes
- Univ Lyon, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 46 allée d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon, France
| | - Alexandra Naba
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, 835 S. Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Florence Ruggiero
- Univ Lyon, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 46 allée d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Smutny M, Ákos Z, Grigolon S, Shamipour S, Ruprecht V, Čapek D, Behrndt M, Papusheva E, Tada M, Hof B, Vicsek T, Salbreux G, Heisenberg CP. Friction forces position the neural anlage. Nat Cell Biol 2017; 19:306-317. [PMID: 28346437 PMCID: PMC5635970 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
During embryonic development, mechanical forces are essential for cellular rearrangements driving tissue morphogenesis. Here, we show that in the early zebrafish embryo, friction forces are generated at the interface between anterior axial mesoderm (prechordal plate, ppl) progenitors migrating towards the animal pole and neurectoderm progenitors moving in the opposite direction towards the vegetal pole of the embryo. These friction forces lead to global rearrangement of cells within the neurectoderm and determine the position of the neural anlage. Using a combination of experiments and simulations, we show that this process depends on hydrodynamic coupling between neurectoderm and ppl as a result of E-cadherin-mediated adhesion between those tissues. Our data thus establish the emergence of friction forces at the interface between moving tissues as a critical force-generating process shaping the embryo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Smutny
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1,
A-3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Zsuzsa Ákos
- Department of Biological Physics, Eötvös
University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1A, Budapest
H-1117, Hungary
| | - Silvia Grigolon
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1
1AT, UK
| | - Shayan Shamipour
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1,
A-3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Verena Ruprecht
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona
Institute for Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003, Barcelona,
Spain
| | - Daniel Čapek
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1,
A-3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Martin Behrndt
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1,
A-3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Ekaterina Papusheva
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1,
A-3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Masazumi Tada
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University
College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Björn Hof
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1,
A-3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Tamás Vicsek
- Department of Biological Physics, Eötvös
University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1A, Budapest
H-1117, Hungary
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abdeen AA, Lee J, Bharadwaj NA, Ewoldt RH, Kilian KA. Temporal Modulation of Stem Cell Activity Using Magnetoactive Hydrogels. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:2536-2544. [PMID: 27276521 PMCID: PMC5061612 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell activity is coordinated by dynamic interactions with the extracellular matrix, often through stimuli-mediated spatiotemporal stiffening and softening. Dynamic changes in mechanics occur in vivo through enzymatic or chemical means, processes which are challenging to reconstruct in cell culture materials. Here a magnetoactive hydrogel material formed by embedding magnetic particles in a hydrogel matrix is presented whereby elasticity can be modulated reversibly by attenuation of a magnetic field. Orders of magnitude change in elasticity using low magnetic fields are shown and reversibility of stiffening with simple permanent magnets is demonstrated. The broad applicability of this technique is demonstrated with two therapeutically relevant bioactivities in mesenchymal stem cells: secretion of proangiogenic molecules, and dynamic control of osteogenesis. The ability to reversibly stiffen cell culture materials across the full spectrum of soft tissue mechanics, using simple materials and commercially available permanent magnets, makes this approach viable for a broad range of laboratory environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amr A Abdeen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Junmin Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - N Ashwin Bharadwaj
- Department of Mechanical Scienceand Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Randy H Ewoldt
- Department of Mechanical Scienceand Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Kristopher A Kilian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Pusswald G, Tropper E, Kryspin-Exner I, Moser D, Klug S, Auff E, Dal-Bianco P, Lehrner J. Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Subjective Cognitive Decline and Mild Cognitive Impairment and its Relation to Activities of Daily Living. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 47:479-86. [PMID: 26401569 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health related quality of life (HRQOL) is an important issue in the context of dementia care. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate HRQOL in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and its relation to Activity of Daily Living (ADL). METHODS In this cross sectional study, four experimental groups (each n = 98), controls, SCD, naMCI and aMCI, were compared. For data collection, neuropsychological methods (NTBV) and psychological questionnaires (SF-36 and B-ADL) were used. Multivariate analysis of variance was calculated to detect differences in HRQOL between groups. Correlations between HRQOL and ADL were explored. RESULTS The dimensions of HRQOL showed mainly consistent differences between the control and the SCD group and MCI subgroups. In almost every dimension of HRQOL, the control group scored higher than subjects with SCD, naMCI, or aMCI. The controls showed low to moderate negative correlations between HQROL and B-ADL in some dimensions of the HRQOL. In the SCD group, low negative correlations with ADL were observed in some HRQOL scales. Low to moderate correlations were found between each scale of the SF-36 and the B-ADL in both MCI subtypes. We found gender differences in HRQOL. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we could demonstrate that patients with SCD report reduced quality of life. This knowledge is important to get a better understanding of the individuals with SCD and may pave the way for the development of early intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Pusswald
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisa Tropper
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Doris Moser
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie Klug
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eduard Auff
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Dal-Bianco
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann Lehrner
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kim HY, Jackson TR, Davidson LA. On the role of mechanics in driving mesenchymal-to-epithelial transitions. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 67:113-122. [PMID: 27208723 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) is an intrinsically mechanical process describing a multi-step progression where autonomous mesenchymal cells gradually become tightly linked, polarized epithelial cells. METs are fundamental to a wide range of biological processes, including the evolution of multicellular organisms, generation of primary and secondary epithelia during development and organogenesis, and the progression of diseases including cancer. In these cases, there is an interplay between the establishment of cell polarity and the mechanics of neighboring cells and microenvironment. In this review, we highlight a spectrum of METs found in normal development as well as in pathological lesions, and provide insight into the critical role mechanics play at each step. We define MET as an independent process, distinct from a reverse-EMT, and propose questions to further explore the cellular and physical mechanisms of MET.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Young Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Timothy R Jackson
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Lance A Davidson
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sepich DS, Solnica-Krezel L. Intracellular Golgi Complex organization reveals tissue specific polarity during zebrafish embryogenesis. Dev Dyn 2016; 245:678-91. [PMID: 27043944 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell polarity is essential for directed migration of mesenchymal cells and morphogenesis of epithelial tissues. Studies in cultured cells indicate that a condensed Golgi Complex (GC) is essential for directed protein trafficking to establish cell polarity underlying directed cell migration. Dynamic changes of the GC intracellular organization during early vertebrate development remain to be investigated. RESULTS We used antibody labeling and fusion proteins in vivo to study the organization and intracellular placement of the GC during early zebrafish embryogenesis. We found that the GC was dispersed into several puncta containing cis- and trans-Golgi Complex proteins, presumably ministacks, until the end of the gastrula period. By early segmentation stages, the GC condensed in cells of the notochord, adaxial mesoderm, and neural plate, and its intracellular position became markedly polarized away from borders between these tissues. CONCLUSIONS We find that GC is dispersed in early zebrafish cells, even when cells are engaged in massive gastrulation movements. The GC accumulates into patches in a stage and cell-type specific manner, and becomes polarized away from borders between the embryonic tissues. With respect to tissue borders, intracellular GC polarity in notochord is independent of mature apical/basal polarity, Wnt/PCP, or signals from adaxial mesoderm. Developmental Dynamics 245:678-691, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diane S Sepich
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Lila Solnica-Krezel
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Araya C, Carmona-Fontaine C, Clarke JDW. Extracellular matrix couples the convergence movements of mesoderm and neural plate during the early stages of neurulation. Dev Dyn 2016; 245:580-9. [PMID: 26933766 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the initial stages zebrafish neurulation, neural plate cells undergo highly coordinated movements before they assemble into a multicellular solid neural rod. We have previously identified that the underlying mesoderm is critical to ensure such coordination and generate correct neural tube organization. However, how intertissue coordination is achieved in vivo during zebrafish neural tube morphogenesis is unknown. RESULTS In this work, we use quantitative live imaging to study the coordinated movements of neural ectoderm and mesoderm during dorsal tissue convergence. We show the extracellular matrix components laminin and fibronectin that lie between mesoderm and neural plate act to couple the movements of neural plate and mesoderm during early stages of neurulation and to maintain the close apposition of these two tissues. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the importance of the extracellular matrix proteins laminin and libronectin in coupling the movements and spatial proximity of mesoderm and neuroectoderm during the morphogenetic movements of neurulation. Developmental Dynamics 245:580-589, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Araya
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja s/n, Valdivia, Chile.,MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, New Hunt's House, 4th Floor, Guy's Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Carmona-Fontaine
- Program in Computational Biology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jonathan D W Clarke
- MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, New Hunt's House, 4th Floor, Guy's Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Langdon YG, Fuentes R, Zhang H, Abrams EW, Marlow FL, Mullins MC. Split top: a maternal cathepsin B that regulates dorsoventral patterning and morphogenesis. Development 2016; 143:1016-28. [PMID: 26893345 PMCID: PMC4813285 DOI: 10.1242/dev.128900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The vertebrate embryonic dorsoventral axis is established and patterned by Wnt and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathways, respectively. Whereas Wnt signaling establishes the dorsal side of the embryo and induces the dorsal organizer, a BMP signaling gradient patterns tissues along the dorsoventral axis. Early Wnt signaling is provided maternally, whereas BMP ligand expression in the zebrafish is zygotic, but regulated by maternal factors. Concomitant with BMP activity patterning dorsoventral axial tissues, the embryo also undergoes dramatic morphogenetic processes, including the cell movements of gastrulation, epiboly and dorsal convergence. Although the zygotic regulation of these cell migration processes is increasingly understood, far less is known of the maternal regulators of these processes. Similarly, the maternal regulation of dorsoventral patterning, and in particular the maternal control of ventral tissue specification, is poorly understood. We identified split top, a recessive maternal-effect zebrafish mutant that disrupts embryonic patterning upstream of endogenous BMP signaling. Embryos from split top mutant females exhibit a dorsalized embryonic axis, which can be rescued by BMP misexpression or by derepressing endogenous BMP signaling. In addition to dorsoventral patterning defects, split top mutants display morphogenesis defects that are both BMP dependent and independent. These morphogenesis defects include incomplete dorsal convergence, delayed epiboly progression and an early lysis phenotype during gastrula stages. The latter two morphogenesis defects are associated with disruption of the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton within the yolk cell and defects in the outer enveloping cell layer, which are both known mediators of epiboly movements. Through chromosomal mapping and RNA sequencing analysis, we identified the lysosomal endopeptidase cathepsin Ba (ctsba) as the gene deficient in split top embryos. Our results identify a novel role for Ctsba in morphogenesis and expand our understanding of the maternal regulation of dorsoventral patterning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvette G Langdon
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA Millsaps College, Department of Biology, Jackson, MS 39210, USA
| | - Ricardo Fuentes
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hong Zhang
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elliott W Abrams
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Florence L Marlow
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mary C Mullins
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
de Almeida PG, Pinheiro GG, Nunes AM, Gonçalves AB, Thorsteinsdóttir S. Fibronectin assembly during early embryo development: A versatile communication system between cells and tissues. Dev Dyn 2016; 245:520-35. [PMID: 26845241 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibronectin extracellular matrix is essential for embryogenesis. Its assembly is a cell-mediated process where secreted fibronectin dimers bind to integrin receptors on receiving cells, which actively assemble fibronectin into a fibrillar matrix. During development, paracrine communication between tissues is crucial for coordinating morphogenesis, typically being mediated by growth factors and their receptors. Recent reports of situations where fibronectin is produced by one tissue and assembled by another, with implications on tissue morphogenesis, suggest that fibronectin assembly may also be a paracrine communication event in certain contexts. RESULTS Here we addressed which tissues express fibronectin (Fn1) while also localizing assembled fibronectin matrix and determining the mRNA expression and/or protein distribution pattern of integrins α5 and αV, α chains of the major fibronectin assembly receptors, during early chick and mouse development. We found evidence supporting a paracrine system in fibronectin matrix assembly in several tissues, including immature mesenchymal tissues, components of central and peripheral nervous system and developing muscle. CONCLUSIONS Thus, similarly to growth factor signaling, fibronectin matrix assembly during early development can be both autocrine and paracrine. We therefore propose that it be considered a cell-cell communication event at the same level and significance as growth factor signaling during embryogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Gomes de Almeida
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Change (cE3c), Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo G Pinheiro
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Change (cE3c), Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andreia M Nunes
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Change (cE3c), Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - André B Gonçalves
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Change (cE3c), Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sólveig Thorsteinsdóttir
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Change (cE3c), Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Li Y, Kilian KA. Bridging the Gap: From 2D Cell Culture to 3D Microengineered Extracellular Matrices. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:2780-96. [PMID: 26592366 PMCID: PMC4780579 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Historically the culture of mammalian cells in the laboratory has been performed on planar substrates with media cocktails that are optimized to maintain phenotype. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that much of biology discerned from 2D studies does not translate well to the 3D microenvironment. Over the last several decades, 2D and 3D microengineering approaches have been developed that better recapitulate the complex architecture and properties of in vivo tissue. Inspired by the infrastructure of the microelectronics industry, lithographic patterning approaches have taken center stage because of the ease in which cell-sized features can be engineered on surfaces and within a broad range of biocompatible materials. Patterning and templating techniques enable precise control over extracellular matrix properties including: composition, mechanics, geometry, cell-cell contact, and diffusion. In this review article we explore how the field of engineered extracellular matrices has evolved with the development of new hydrogel chemistry and the maturation of micro- and nano- fabrication. Guided by the spatiotemporal regulation of cell state in developing tissues, techniques for micropatterning in 2D, pseudo-3D systems, and patterning within 3D hydrogels will be discussed in the context of translating the information gained from 2D systems to synthetic engineered 3D tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfen Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Genomic Biology, Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana IL, 61801
| | - Kristopher A. Kilian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Genomic Biology, Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana IL, 61801
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Araya C, Ward LC, Girdler GC, Miranda M. Coordinating cell and tissue behavior during zebrafish neural tube morphogenesis. Dev Dyn 2015; 245:197-208. [PMID: 26177834 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of a vertebrate neural epithelium with well-organized apico-basal polarity and a central lumen is essential for its proper function. However, how this polarity is established during embryonic development and the potential influence of surrounding signals and tissues on such organization has remained less understood. In recent years the combined superior transparency and genetics of the zebrafish embryo has allowed for in vivo visualization and quantification of the cellular and molecular dynamics that govern neural tube structure. Here, we discuss recent studies revealing how co-ordinated cell-cell interactions coupled with adjacent tissue dynamics are critical to regulate final neural tissue architecture. Furthermore, new findings show how the spatial regulation and timing of orientated cell division is key in defining precise lumen formation at the tissue midline. In addition, we compare zebrafish neurulation with that of amniotes and amphibians in an attempt to understand the conserved cellular mechanisms driving neurulation and resolve the apparent differences among animals. Zebrafish neurulation not only offers fundamental insights into early vertebrate brain development but also the opportunity to explore in vivo cell and tissue dynamics during complex three-dimensional animal morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Araya
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja s/n, Valdivia, Chile.,UACh Program in Cellular Dynamics and Microscopy.,Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), UACh
| | - Laura C Ward
- University of Bristol, School of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical Sciences, University Walk, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma C Girdler
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel Miranda
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja s/n, Valdivia, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Cross-Scale Integrin Regulation Organizes ECM and Tissue Topology. Dev Cell 2015; 34:33-44. [PMID: 26096733 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The diverse morphologies of animal tissues are underlain by different configurations of adherent cells and extracellular matrix (ECM). Here, we elucidate a cross-scale mechanism for tissue assembly and ECM remodeling involving Cadherin 2, the ECM protein Fibronectin, and its receptor Integrin α5. Fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy within the zebrafish paraxial mesoderm mesenchyme reveals a physical association between Integrin α5 on adjacent cell membranes. This Integrin-Integrin complex correlates with conformationally inactive Integrin. Cadherin 2 stabilizes both the Integrin association and inactive Integrin conformation. Thus, Integrin repression within the adherent mesenchymal interior of the tissue biases Fibronectin fibrillogenesis to the tissue surface lacking cell-cell adhesions. Along nascent somite boundaries, Cadherin 2 levels decrease, becoming anti-correlated with levels of Integrin α5. Simultaneously, Integrin α5 clusters and adopts the active conformation and then commences ECM assembly. This cross-scale regulation of Integrin activation organizes a stereotypic pattern of ECM necessary for vertebrate body elongation and segmentation.
Collapse
|
35
|
Jessen JR. Recent advances in the study of zebrafish extracellular matrix proteins. Dev Biol 2015; 401:110-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
36
|
McMillen P, Holley SA. The tissue mechanics of vertebrate body elongation and segmentation. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2015; 32:106-11. [PMID: 25796079 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
England's King Richard III, whose skeleton was recently discovered lying ignobly beneath a parking lot, suffered from a lateral curvature of his spinal column called scoliosis. We now know that his scoliosis was not caused by 'imbalanced bodily humors', rather vertebral defects arise from defects in embryonic elongation and segmentation. This review highlights recent advances in our understanding of post-gastrulation biomechanics of the posteriorly advancing tailbud and somite morphogenesis. These processes are beginning to be deciphered from the level of gene networks to a cross-scale physical model incorporating cellular mechanics, the extracellular matrix, and tissue fluidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick McMillen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Scott A Holley
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Qiao L, Gao H, Zhang T, Jing L, Xiao C, Xiao Y, Luo N, Zhu H, Meng W, Xu H, Mo X. Snail modulates the assembly of fibronectin via α5 integrin for myocardial migration in zebrafish embryos. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4470. [PMID: 24667151 PMCID: PMC3966048 DOI: 10.1038/srep04470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Snail family member snail encodes a zinc finger-containing transcriptional factor that is involved in heart formation. Yet, little is known about how Snail regulates heart development. Here, we identified that one of the duplicated snail genes, snai1b, was expressed in the heart region of zebrafish embryos. Depletion of Snai1b function dramatically reduced expression of α5 integrin, disrupted Fibronectin layer in the heart region, especially at the midline, and prevented migration of cardiac precursors, resulting in defects in cardiac morphology and function in zebrafish embryos. Injection of α5β1 protein rescued the Fibronectin layer and then the myocardial precursor migration in snai1b knockdown embryos. The results provide the molecular mechanism how Snail controls the morphogenesis of heart during embryonic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangjun Qiao
- 1] Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Center for Medical Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China [2]
| | - Hongwei Gao
- 1] Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Center for Medical Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China [2]
| | - Ting Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Center for Medical Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lulu Jing
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Center for Medical Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chun Xiao
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Center for Medical Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Center for Medical Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ning Luo
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Center for Medical Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Center for Medical Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wentong Meng
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Center for Medical Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Center for Medical Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xianming Mo
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Center for Medical Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Unlu G, Levic DS, Melville DB, Knapik EW. Trafficking mechanisms of extracellular matrix macromolecules: insights from vertebrate development and human diseases. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 47:57-67. [PMID: 24333299 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cellular life depends on protein transport and membrane traffic. In multicellular organisms, membrane traffic is required for extracellular matrix deposition, cell adhesion, growth factor release, and receptor signaling, which are collectively required to integrate the development and physiology of tissues and organs. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms that govern cargo and membrane flow presents a prime challenge in cell biology. Extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion remains poorly understood, although given its essential roles in the regulation of cell migration, differentiation, and survival, ECM secretion mechanisms are likely to be tightly controlled. Recent studies in vertebrate model systems, from fishes to mammals and in human patients, have revealed complex and diverse loss-of-function phenotypes associated with mutations in components of the secretory machinery. A broad spectrum of diseases from skeletal and cardiovascular to neurological deficits have been linked to ECM trafficking. These discoveries have directly challenged the prevailing view of secretion as an essential but monolithic process. Here, we will discuss the latest findings on mechanisms of ECM trafficking in vertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Unlu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Daniel S Levic
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - David B Melville
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ela W Knapik
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Planar cell polarity proteins differentially regulate extracellular matrix organization and assembly during zebrafish gastrulation. Dev Biol 2013; 383:39-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
40
|
Tsai HY, Chang M, Liu SC, Abe G, Ota KG. Embryonic development of goldfish (Carassius auratus): a model for the study of evolutionary change in developmental mechanisms by artificial selection. Dev Dyn 2013; 242:1262-83. [PMID: 23913853 PMCID: PMC4232884 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Highly divergent morphology among the different goldfish strains (Carassius auratus) may make it a suitable model for investigating how artificial selection has altered developmental mechanisms. Here we describe the embryological development of the common goldfish (the single fin Wakin), which retains the ancestral morphology of this species. RESULTS We divided goldfish embryonic development into seven periods consisting of 34 stages, using previously reported developmental indices of zebrafish and goldfish. Although several differences were identified in terms of their yolk size, epiboly process, pigmentation patterns, and development rate, our results indicate that the embryonic features of these two teleost species are highly similar in their overall morphology from the zygote to hatching stage. CONCLUSIONS These results provide an opportunity for further study of the evolutionary relationship between domestication and development, through applying well-established zebrafish molecular biological resources to goldfish embryos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yuan Tsai
- Laboratory of Aquatic Zoology, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Yilan, Taiwan; The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Hochgreb-Hägele T, Yin C, Koo DES, Bronner ME, Stainier DYR. Laminin β1a controls distinct steps during the establishment of digestive organ laterality. Development 2013; 140:2734-45. [PMID: 23757411 DOI: 10.1242/dev.097618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Visceral organs, including the liver and pancreas, adopt asymmetric positions to ensure proper function. Yet the molecular and cellular mechanisms controlling organ laterality are not well understood. We identified a mutation affecting zebrafish laminin β1a (lamb1a) that disrupts left-right asymmetry of the liver and pancreas. In these mutants, the liver spans the midline and the ventral pancreatic bud remains split into bilateral structures. We show that lamb1a regulates asymmetric left-right gene expression in the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM). In particular, lamb1a functions in Kupffer's vesicle (KV), a ciliated organ analogous to the mouse node, to control the length and function of the KV cilia. Later during gut-looping stages, dynamic expression of Lamb1a is required for the bilayered organization and asymmetric migration of the LPM. Loss of Lamb1a function also results in aberrant protrusion of LPM cells into the gut. Collectively, our results provide cellular and molecular mechanisms by which extracellular matrix proteins regulate left-right organ morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Hochgreb-Hägele
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Programs in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Genetics and Human Genetics, Liver Center and Diabetes Center, Institute for Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Dray N, Lawton A, Nandi A, Jülich D, Emonet T, Holley SA. Cell-fibronectin interactions propel vertebrate trunk elongation via tissue mechanics. Curr Biol 2013; 23:1335-41. [PMID: 23810535 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2013.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
During embryonic development and tissue homeostasis, cells produce and remodel the extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM maintains tissue integrity and can serve as a substrate for cell migration. Integrin α5 (Itgα5) and αV (ItgαV) are the α subunits of the integrins most responsible for both cell adhesion to the ECM protein fibronectin (FN) and FN matrix fibrillogenesis. We perform a systems-level analysis of cell motion in the zebrafish tail bud during trunk elongation in the presence and absence of normal cell-FN interactions. Itgα5 and ItgαV have well-described roles in cell migration in vitro. However, we find that concomitant loss of itgα5 and itgαV leads to a trunk elongation defect without substantive alteration of cell migration. Tissue-specific transgenic rescue experiments suggest that the FN matrix on the surface of the paraxial mesoderm is required for body elongation via its role in defining tissue mechanics and intertissue adhesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Dray
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Extracellular Matrix Remodeling in Zebrafish Development. EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX IN DEVELOPMENT 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-35935-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
44
|
Williams BB, Mundell N, Dunlap J, Jessen J. The planar cell polarity protein VANGL2 coordinates remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Commun Integr Biol 2012; 5:325-8. [PMID: 23060953 PMCID: PMC3460834 DOI: 10.4161/cib.20291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how planar cell polarity (PCP) is established, maintained, and coordinated in migrating cell populations is an important area of research with implications for both embryonic morphogenesis and tumor cell invasion. We recently reported that the PCP protein Vang-like 2 (VANGL2) regulates the endocytosis and cell surface level of membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MMP14 or MT1-MMP). Here, we further discuss these findings in terms of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, cell migration, and zebrafish gastrulation. We also demonstrate that VANGL2 function impacts the focal degradation of ECM by human cancer cells including the formation or stability of invadopodia. Together, our findings implicate MMP14 as a downstream effector of VANGL2 signaling and suggest a model whereby the regulation of pericellular proteolysis is a fundamental aspect of PCP in migrating cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Blairanne Williams
- Division of Genetic Medicine; Department of Medicine; Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Collective mesendoderm migration relies on an intrinsic directionality signal transmitted through cell contacts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:16945-50. [PMID: 23027928 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1205870109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Collective cell migration is key to morphogenesis, wound healing, or cancer cell migration. However, its cellular bases are just starting to be unraveled. During vertebrate gastrulation, axial mesendoderm migrates in a group, the prechordal plate, from the embryonic organizer to the animal pole. How this collective migration is achieved remains unclear. Previous work has suggested that cells migrate as individuals, with collective movement resulting from the addition of similar individual cell behavior. Through extensive analyses of cell trajectories, morphologies, and polarization in zebrafish embryos, we reveal that all prechordal plate cells show the same behavior and rely on the same signaling pathway to migrate, as expected if they do so individually. However, by using cell transplants, we demonstrate that prechordal plate migration is a true collective process, as isolated cells do not migrate toward the animal pole. They are still polarized and motile but lose directionality. Directionality is restored upon contact with the endogenous prechordal plate. This contact dependent orientation relies on E-cadherin, Wnt-PCP signaling, and Rac1. Importantly, groups of cells also need contact with the endogenous plate to orient correctly, showing an instructive role of the plate in establishing directionality. Overall, our results lead to an original model of collective migration in which directional information is contained within the moving group rather than provided by extrinsic cues, and constantly maintained in cells by contacts with their neighbors. This self-organizing model could account for collective invasion of new territories, as observed in cancer strands, without requirement for any attractant in the colonized tissue.
Collapse
|
46
|
Adhikari AS, Glassey E, Dunn AR. Conformational dynamics accompanying the proteolytic degradation of trimeric collagen I by collagenases. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:13259-65. [PMID: 22720833 PMCID: PMC4800024 DOI: 10.1021/ja212170b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Collagenases are the principal enzymes responsible for the degradation of collagens during embryonic development, wound healing, and cancer metastasis. However, the mechanism by which these enzymes disrupt the highly chemically and structurally stable collagen triple helix remains incompletely understood. We used a single-molecule magnetic tweezers assay to characterize the cleavage of heterotrimeric collagen I by both the human collagenase matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and collagenase from Clostridium histolyticum. We observe that the application of 16 pN of force causes an 8-fold increase in collagen proteolysis rates by MMP-1 but does not affect cleavage rates by Clostridium collagenase. Quantitative analysis of these data allows us to infer the structural changes in collagen associated with proteolytic cleavage by both enzymes. Our data support a model in which MMP-1 cuts a transient, stretched conformation of its recognition site. In contrast, our findings suggest that Clostridium collagenase is able to cleave the fully wound collagen triple helix, accounting for its lack of force sensitivity and low sequence specificity. We observe that the cleavage of heterotrimeric collagen is less force sensitive than the proteolysis of a homotrimeric collagen model peptide, consistent with studies suggesting that the MMP-1 recognition site in heterotrimeric collagen I is partially unwound at equilibrium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexander R. Dunn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA - 94305
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Quick RE, Dunlap JA, Jessen JR. Expression analysis of zebrafish membrane type-2 matrix metalloproteinases during embryonic development. Gene Expr Patterns 2012; 12:254-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
48
|
Abstract
Gastrulation is a fundamental phase of animal embryogenesis during which germ layers are specified, rearranged, and shaped into a body plan with organ rudiments. Gastrulation involves four evolutionarily conserved morphogenetic movements, each of which results in a specific morphologic transformation. During emboly, mesodermal and endodermal cells become internalized beneath the ectoderm. Epibolic movements spread and thin germ layers. Convergence movements narrow germ layers dorsoventrally, while concurrent extension movements elongate them anteroposteriorly. Each gastrulation movement can be achieved by single or multiple motile cell behaviors, including cell shape changes, directed migration, planar and radial intercalations, and cell divisions. Recent studies delineate cyclical and ratchet-like behaviors of the actomyosin cytoskeleton as a common mechanism underlying various gastrulation cell behaviors. Gastrulation movements are guided by differential cell adhesion, chemotaxis, chemokinesis, and planar polarity. Coordination of gastrulation movements with embryonic polarity involves regulation by anteroposterior and dorsoventral patterning systems of planar polarity signaling, expression of chemokines, and cell adhesion molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lila Solnica-Krezel
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Cousin H, Abbruzzese G, McCusker C, Alfandari D. ADAM13 function is required in the 3 dimensional context of the embryo during cranial neural crest cell migration in Xenopus laevis. Dev Biol 2012; 368:335-44. [PMID: 22683825 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The cranial neural crest (CNC) is a population of cells that arises from the lateral part of the developing brain, migrates ventrally and coordinates the entire craniofacial development of vertebrates. Many molecules are involved in CNC migration including the transmembrane metalloproteases ADAM13 and 19. We have previously shown that these ADAMs cleave a number of extracellular proteins and modify the transcription of a number of genes, and that both of these activities are important for cell migration. Here we show that the knock down of ADAM13 inhibits CNC migration in vivo but not in vitro, indicating that ADAM13 function is required in the 3-dimentional context of the embryo. We further show that the migration of CNC that do not express ADAM13 and ADAM19 can be rescued in vivo by co-grafting wild type CNC. Furthermore, the migration of CNC lacking ADAM13 can be rescued by mechanically separating the CNC from the surrounding ectoderm and mesoderm. Finally, we show that ADAM13 function is autonomous to CNC tissue, as the migration of morphant CNC can only be rescued by ADAM13 expression in the CNC and not the surrounding tissues. Together our results suggest that ADAM13 changes CNC interaction with the extracellular environment and that this change is necessary for their migration in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Cousin
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Bidan CM, Kommareddy KP, Rumpler M, Kollmannsberger P, Bréchet YJM, Fratzl P, Dunlop JWC. How linear tension converts to curvature: geometric control of bone tissue growth. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36336. [PMID: 22606256 PMCID: PMC3350529 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated how substrate geometry influences in-vitro tissue formation at length scales much larger than a single cell. Two-millimetre thick hydroxyapatite plates containing circular pores and semi-circular channels of 0.5 mm radius, mimicking osteons and hemi-osteons respectively, were incubated with MC3T3-E1 cells for 4 weeks. The amount and shape of the tissue formed in the pores, as measured using phase contrast microscopy, depended on the substrate geometry. It was further demonstrated, using a simple geometric model, that the observed curvature-controlled growth can be derived from the assembly of tensile elements on a curved substrate. These tensile elements are cells anchored on distant points of the curved surface, thus creating an actin “chord” by generating tension between the adhesion sites. Such a chord model was used to link the shape of the substrate to cell organisation and tissue patterning. In a pore with a circular cross-section, tissue growth increases the average curvature of the surface, whereas a semi-circular channel tends to be flattened out. Thereby, a single mechanism could describe new tissue growth in both cortical and trabecular bone after resorption due to remodelling. These similarities between in-vitro and in-vivo patterns suggest geometry as an important signal for bone remodelling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile M. Bidan
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
- * E-mail: (CB); (JD)
| | - Krishna P. Kommareddy
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Monika Rumpler
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philip Kollmannsberger
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Yves J. M. Bréchet
- Materials and Processes Science and Engineering Laboratory (SIMaP), Grenoble, France
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - John W. C. Dunlop
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
- * E-mail: (CB); (JD)
| |
Collapse
|