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Yuan C, Li J. Research progress of periostin and osteoporosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1356297. [PMID: 38487345 PMCID: PMC10938139 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1356297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Periostin, as a unique extracellular matrix, is mainly produced during ontogeny and in adult connective tissues that bear mechanical loads, such as heart valves, skin, periodontal ligaments, tendons, and bones. By binding to the integrin on the cell surface and activating Wnt/β-catenin, NF-κB, Fak and other signaling pathways, it regulates the tissues in vivo positively or negatively, and also has different effects on the occurrence and development of various diseases. Periostin is an important factor, which can promote cell proliferation, stimulate tissue repair and maintain the integrity of the structure and function of connective tissue. It also promotes the formation, regeneration and repairation of bone. Recent studies have shown that periostin is important in bone metabolic diseases. The increased expression of periostin can affect bone mineral density at different sites, and its relationship with traditional biochemical markers of bone turnover has not been conclusively established. This article reviews the research results and potential applications of periostin in osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Junyan Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
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Liu H, Liu L, Rosen CJ. PTH and the Regulation of Mesenchymal Cells within the Bone Marrow Niche. Cells 2024; 13:406. [PMID: 38474370 PMCID: PMC10930661 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) plays a pivotal role in maintaining calcium homeostasis, largely by modulating bone remodeling processes. Its effects on bone are notably dependent on the duration and frequency of exposure. Specifically, PTH can initiate both bone formation and resorption, with the outcome being influenced by the manner of PTH administration: continuous or intermittent. In continuous administration, PTH tends to promote bone resorption, possibly by regulating certain genes within bone cells. Conversely, intermittent exposure generally favors bone formation, possibly through transient gene activation. PTH's role extends to various aspects of bone cell activity. It directly influences skeletal stem cells, osteoblastic lineage cells, osteocytes, and T cells, playing a critical role in bone generation. Simultaneously, it indirectly affects osteoclast precursor cells and osteoclasts, and has a direct impact on T cells, contributing to its role in bone resorption. Despite these insights, the intricate mechanisms through which PTH acts within the bone marrow niche are not entirely understood. This article reviews the dual roles of PTH-catabolic and anabolic-on bone cells, highlighting the cellular and molecular pathways involved in these processes. The complex interplay of these factors in bone remodeling underscores the need for further investigation to fully comprehend PTH's multifaceted influence on bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanghang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
- Maine Medical Center, MaineHealth Institute for Research, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA;
| | - Linyi Liu
- Maine Medical Center, MaineHealth Institute for Research, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA;
| | - Clifford J. Rosen
- Maine Medical Center, MaineHealth Institute for Research, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA;
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Yigitdol I, Gulumsek E, Ozturk HA, Arici FN, Akbal K, Pirinci O, Karacay M, Cihan TN, Totik ZG, Akyildiz MA, Avci BS, Avci A, Sumbul HE. Serum Periostin Levels are Significantly Higher in Patients with Primary Hyperparathyroidism and Closely Related to Osteoporosis. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2023; 131:449-455. [PMID: 37276863 DOI: 10.1055/a-2053-8090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periostin is an emerging biomarker that plays a role in bone metabolism and may be associated with bone mineral density (BMD). This study is aimed to investigate serum periostin levels in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and its correlation with BMD in these patients. METHODS Forty patients with newly diagnosed PHPT without co-morbidities and 30 healthy controls were included. Laboratory tests for the diagnosis of PHPT and serum levels of periostin were measured for all patients. BMD was measured on lumbar spines L1 and L4 by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Serum periostin levels were detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Serum periostin levels were significantly higher in patients with PHPT than in healthy controls (p<0.001). Serum periostin levels were also significantly higher (mean 59.7±11.0 ng/mL) in PHPT patients with osteoporosis than those without osteoporosis (p=0.004). In logistic regression analysis, only serum periostin levels independently predicted the patients with osteoporosis. According to this analysis, every 1 ng/mL increase in serum periostin increased the risk of having osteoporosis by 20.6%. When the cut-off for serum periostin level was 49.75 ng/mL, the patients with osteoporosis were predicted with 71.4% sensitivity and 69.2% specificity. Multivariate regression analysis revealed a negative correlation between serum periostin levels and L1-L4 T scores on DEXA. CONCLUSION This is the first study to determine that serum periostin levels are higher in PHPT patients than those without PHPT and to demonstrate a significant association between serum periostin levels and T scores on DEXA in patients with PHPT. These findings will aid in detecting osteoporosis in patients with PHPT and making the decision for surgery in PHPT patients with no need for DEXA imaging that involves radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Yigitdol
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences - Adana Health Practice and Research Center, Adana, Turkey
| | - Erdinc Gulumsek
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences - Adana Health Practice and Research Center, Adana, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Ali Ozturk
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences - Adana Health Practice and Research Center, Adana, Turkey
| | - Fatih Necip Arici
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences - Adana Health Practice and Research Center, Adana, Turkey
| | - Kubilay Akbal
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences - Adana Health Practice and Research Center, Adana, Turkey
| | - Okan Pirinci
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences - Adana Health Practice and Research Center, Adana, Turkey
| | - Mert Karacay
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences - Adana Health Practice and Research Center, Adana, Turkey
| | - Tutku Naz Cihan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences - Adana Health Practice and Research Center, Adana, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Gizem Totik
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences - Adana Health Practice and Research Center, Adana, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Aykut Akyildiz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences - Adana Health Practice and Research Center, Adana, Turkey
| | - Begum Seyda Avci
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences - Adana Health Practice and Research Center, Adana, Turkey
| | - Akkan Avci
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Health Sciences - Adana Health Practice and Research Center, Adana, Turkey
| | - Hilmi Erdem Sumbul
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences - Adana Health Practice and Research Center, Adana, Turkey
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Dorafshan S, Razmi M, Safaei S, Gentilin E, Madjd Z, Ghods R. Periostin: biology and function in cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:315. [PMID: 36224629 PMCID: PMC9555118 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02714-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Periostin (POSTN), a member of the matricellular protein family, is a secreted adhesion-related protein produced in the periosteum and periodontal ligaments. Matricellular proteins are a nonstructural family of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins that regulate a wide range of biological processes in both normal and pathological conditions. Recent studies have demonstrated the key roles of these ECM proteins in the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, periostin is an essential regulator of bone and tooth formation and maintenance, as well as cardiac development. Also, periostin interacts with multiple cell-surface receptors, especially integrins, and triggers signals that promote tumor growth. According to recent studies, these signals are implicated in cancer cell survival, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, and metastasis. In this review, we will summarize the most current data regarding periostin, its structure and isoforms, expressions, functions, and regulation in normal and cancerous tissues. Emphasis is placed on its association with cancer progression, and also future potential for periostin-targeted therapeutic approaches will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Dorafshan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Razmi
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Safaei
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Erica Gentilin
- Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, via G. Orus, 2b, 35129, Padua, Italy
| | - Zahra Madjd
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran. .,Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Roya Ghods
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran. .,Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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Li J, Niu X, Si Q, Song Q, Jin M, Zhou R, Sun Y, Li J, Wang Q. Plasma periostin as a biomarker of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. J Bone Miner Metab 2021; 39:631-638. [PMID: 33566208 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-020-01200-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Periostin, as an emerging biomarker, is involved in multiple steps in bone metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between periostin levels and bone mineral density as well as bone turnover markers in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was a cross-sectional study that included 164 postmenopausal women with T2DM as study subjects and 32 age-matched nondiabetic postmenopausal women with normal bone mineral density (BMD) as healthy control subjects. A total of 164 subjects with T2DM were then divided into three groups according to BMD: the normal BMD group (n = 29), the osteopenia group (n = 70), and the osteoporosis group (n = 65). The clinical data of all subjects along with the relevant biochemical parameter data were collected. Plasma periostin was detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Plasma periostin levels were significantly increased in T2DM patients with normal BMD compared with healthy controls (p < 0.05). In the diabetic group, plasma periostin levels were significantly elevated with decreased BMD, were positively correlated with osteocalcin levels (r = 0.162, p = 0.039) and were inversely associated with femoral neck BMD (r = - 0.308, p < 0.001) and total femur BMD (r = - 0.295, p < 0.001). In the case of chronic complications, periostin levels were slightly increased in individuals with complications of diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy and fracture (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The current study demonstrated that plasma periostin levels were significantly associated with BMD in patients with T2DM, and periostin might act as a novel biochemical marker of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Li
- Changzhi Medical College Affiliated Heji Hospital, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Changzhi, China
| | - Xiaohong Niu
- Changzhi Medical College Affiliated Heji Hospital, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Changzhi, China
| | - Qinqin Si
- Changzhi Medical College Affiliated Heji Hospital, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Changzhi, China
| | - Qi Song
- Changzhi Medical College Affiliated Heji Hospital, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Changzhi, China
| | - Miaomiao Jin
- Changzhi Medical College Affiliated Heji Hospital, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Changzhi, China
| | - Ruijun Zhou
- Changzhi Medical College Affiliated Heji Hospital, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Changzhi, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Changzhi Medical College Affiliated Heji Hospital, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Changzhi, China
| | - Jianbo Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Qingzhong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Loeser RF, Berenbaum F, Kloppenburg M. Vitamin K and osteoarthritis: is there a link? Ann Rheum Dis 2021; 80:547-549. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-219765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
The continuous accumulation of extracellular matrix will eventually lead to glomerular sclerosis, interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy and vascular sclerosis, which are involved in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). If these processes can be discovered early and effective interventions given in time, the progression of kidney disease may be delayed. Therefore, exploring new biomarkers and therapeutic targets that can identify CKD at an early stage is urgently needed. In recent years, studies have shown that urine periostin may be used as a marker of early renal tubular injury. And in an animal model experiment of hypertensive nephropathy, periostin is involved in the progression of kidney injury and reflects its progression. Here we review the current progress on the role of periostin in pathologic pathways of kidney system to explore whether periostin is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Jia
- Department of Health Management Medical Center, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hong-Jun Li
- Department of Health Management Medical Center, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Pullisaar H, Colaianni G, Lian AM, Vandevska-Radunovic V, Grano M, Reseland JE. Irisin promotes growth, migration and matrix formation in human periodontal ligament cells. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 111:104635. [PMID: 31869727 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to examine the effect of irisin on human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) growth, migration and osteogenic behaviour in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary hPDLCs and human osteoblasts (hOBs), used as positive controls, were cultured with irisin (10 and 100 ng/ml), and effect on cell proliferation was evaluated with 5-bromo-2`-deoxyuridine incorporation at 1, 2, and 3 days, and on migration capacity was investigated by scratch assay at 2, 6, and 24 h. Osteogenic behaviour was assessed with alkaline phosphatase activity, immunoassay at 3, 7, 14, and 21 days, and confocal laser scanning microscopy at 21 days. Mineralization was examined by Alizarin red staining at 21 days. Data were compared group wise using ANOVA tests. RESULTS Irisin induced increased proliferation of primary hPDLCs and hOBs at all time points compared to untreated controls. This was confirmed by scratch assay where irisin enhanced migration of both hPDLCs and hOBs after 6 and 24 h compared to controls. Irisin treatment promoted osteogenic behaviour of both cell types by enhancement of extracellular matrix formation. In hPDLCs irisin increased expression of type I collagen, secretion of osteoblastogenesis related proteins osteocalcin and leptin, and calcium deposition/mineralization compared to controls at 21 days. In addition, to enhance calcium deposition/mineralization in hOBs, irisin increased expression of periostin, and secretion of osteoblastogenesis related proteins osteopontin, alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, as compared to controls at 21 days. CONCLUSIONS Primary hPDLCs responded to irisin treatment with enhanced cell growth, migration, and matrix formation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Pullisaar
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Graziana Colaianni
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Aina-Mari Lian
- Oral Research Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Maria Grano
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Janne Elin Reseland
- Oral Research Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Saad FA. Novel insights into the complex architecture of osteoporosis molecular genetics. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1462:37-52. [PMID: 31556133 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a prevalent osteodegenerative disease and silent killer linked to a decrease in bone mass and decline of bone microarchitecture, due to impaired bone matrix mineralization, raising the risk of fracture. Nevertheless, the process of bone matrix mineralization is still an unsolved mystery. Osteoporosis is a polygenic disorder associated with genetic and environmental risk factors; however, the majority of genes associated with osteoporosis remain largely unknown. Several signaling pathways regulate bone mass; therefore, dysregulation of a single signaling pathway leads to metabolic bone disease owing to high or low bone mass. Parathyroid hormone, core-binding factor α-1 (Cbfa1), Wnt/β-catenin, the receptor activator of the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL), myostatin, and osteogenic exercise signaling pathways play pivotal roles in the regulation of bone mass. The myostatin signaling pathway increases bone resorption by activating the RANKL signaling pathway, whereas osteogenic exercise inhibits myostatin and sclerostin while inducing irisin that consequentially activates the Cbfa1 and Wnt/β-catenin bone formation pathways. The aims of this review are to summarize what is known about osteoporosis-related signaling pathways; define the role of these pathways in osteoporosis drug discovery; focus light on the link between bone, muscle, pancreas, and adipose integrative physiology and osteoporosis; and underline the emerging role of osteogenic exercise in the prevention of, and care for, osteoporosis, obesity, and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawzy Ali Saad
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Yang X, Ma Y, Guo W, Yang B, Tian W. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth as an alternative cell source in bio-root regeneration. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:2694-2711. [PMID: 31131062 PMCID: PMC6525984 DOI: 10.7150/thno.31801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A stem cell-mediated bioengineered tooth root (bio-root) has proven to be a prospective tool for the treatment of tooth loss. As shown in our previous studies, dental follicle cells (DFCs) are suitable seeding cells for the construction of bio-roots. However, the DFCs which can only be obtained from unerupted tooth germ are restricted. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs), which are harvested much more easily through a minimally invasive procedure, may be used as an alternative seeding cell. In this case, we compared the odontogenic characteristics of DFCs and SHEDs in bio-root regeneration. Methods: The biological characteristics of SHEDs and DFCs were determined in vitro. The cells were then induced to secrete abundant extracellular matrix (ECM) and form macroscopic cell sheets. We combined the cell sheets with treated dentin matrix (TDM) for subcutaneous transplantation into nude mice and orthotopic jaw bone implantation in Sprague-Dawley rats to further verify their regenerative potential. Results: DFCs exhibited a higher proliferation rate and stronger osteogenesis and adipogenesis capacities, while SHEDs displayed increased migration ability and excellent neurogenic potential. Both dental follicle cell sheets (DFCSs) and sheets of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDSs) expressed not only ECM proteins but also osteogenic and odontogenic proteins. Importantly, similar to DFCSs/TDM, SHEDSs/TDM also successfully achieved the in vivo regeneration of the periodontal tissues, which consist of periodontal ligament fibers, blood vessels and new born alveolar bone. Conclusions: Both SHEDs and DFCs possessed a similar odontogenic differentiation capacity in vivo, and SHEDs were regarded as a prospective seeding cell for use in bio-root regeneration in the future.
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González-González L, Alonso J. Periostin: A Matricellular Protein With Multiple Functions in Cancer Development and Progression. Front Oncol 2018; 8:225. [PMID: 29946533 PMCID: PMC6005831 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment is considered nowadays as one of the main players in cancer development and progression. Tumor microenvironment is highly complex and consists of non-tumor cells (i.e., cancer-associated fibroblast, endothelial cells, or infiltrating leukocytes) and a large list of extracellular matrix proteins and soluble factors. The way that microenvironment components interact among them and with the tumor cells is very complex and only partially understood. However, it is now clear that these interactions govern and modulate many of the cancer hallmarks such as cell proliferation, the resistance to death, the differentiation state of tumor cells, their ability to migrate and metastasize, and the immune response against tumor cells. One of the microenvironment components that have emerged in the last years with strength is a heterogeneous group of multifaceted proteins grouped under the name of matricellular proteins. Matricellular proteins are a family of non-structural matrix proteins that regulate a variety of biological processes in normal and pathological situations. Many components of this family such as periostin (POSTN), osteopontin (SPP1), or the CNN family of proteins have been shown to regulate key aspect of tumor biology, including proliferation, invasion, matrix remodeling, and dissemination to pre-metastatic niches in distant organs. Matricellular proteins can be produced by tumor cells themselves or by tumor-associated cells, and their synthesis can be affected by intrinsic and/or extrinsic tumor cell factors. In this review, we will focus on the role of POSTN in the development and progression of cancer. We will describe their functions in normal tissues and the mechanisms involved in their regulation. We will analyze the tumors in which their expression is altered and their usefulness as a biomarker of tumor progression. Finally, we will speculate about future directions for research and therapeutic approaches targeting POSTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura González-González
- Unidad de Tumores Sólidos Infantiles, Área de Genética Humana, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Alonso
- Unidad de Tumores Sólidos Infantiles, Área de Genética Humana, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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The impact of different torques for the insertion of immediately loaded implants on the peri-implant levels of angiogenesis- and bone-related markers. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 47:651-657. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Bai S, Li D, Xu L, Duan H, Yuan J, Wei M. Recombinant mouse periostin ameliorates coronal sutures fusion in Twist1 +/- mice. J Transl Med 2018; 16:103. [PMID: 29665811 PMCID: PMC5905175 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1454-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saethre-Chotzen syndrome is an autosomal dominantly inherited disorder caused by mutations in the twist family basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor 1 (TWIST1) gene. Surgical procedures are frequently required to reduce morphological and functional defects in patients with Saethre-Chotzen syndrome. Therefore, the development of noninvasive procedures to treat Saethre-Chotzen syndrome is critical. We identified that periostin, which is an extracellular matrix protein that plays an important role in both bone and connective tissues, is downregulated in craniosynostosis patients. METHODS We aimed to verify the effects of different concentrations (0, 50, 100, and 200 μg/l) of recombinant mouse periostin in Twist1+/- mice (a mouse model of Saethre-Chotzen syndrome) coronal suture cells in vitro and in vivo. Cell proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation were observed and detected. Twist1+/- mice were also injected with recombinant mouse periostin to verify the treatment effects. RESULTS Cell Counting Kit-8 results showed that recombinant mouse periostin inhibited the proliferation of suture-derived cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Cell migration was also suppressed when treated with recombinant mouse periostin. Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting results suggested that messenger ribonucleic acid and protein expression of alkaline phosphatase, bone sialoprotein, collagen type I, and osteocalcin were all downregulated after treatment with recombinant mouse periostin. However, the expression of Wnt-3a, Wnt-1, and β-catenin were upregulated. The in vivo results demonstrated that periostin-treated Twist1+/- mice showed patent coronal sutures in comparison with non-treated Twist1+/- mice which have coronal craniosynostosis. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that recombinant mouse periostin can inhibit coronal suture cell proliferation and migration and suppress osteogenic differentiation of suture-derived cells via Wnt canonical signaling, as well as ameliorate coronal suture fusion in Twist1+/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Bai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Huichuan Duan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Min Wei
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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Gossiel F, Scott JR, Paggiosi MA, Naylor KE, McCloskey EV, Peel NFA, Walsh JS, Eastell R. Effect of Teriparatide Treatment on Circulating Periostin and Its Relationship to Regulators of Bone Formation and BMD in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:1302-1309. [PMID: 29365099 PMCID: PMC6457025 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with teriparatide parathyroid hormone amino terminal 1-34 increases bone formation and improves bone microarchitecture. A possible modulator of action is periostin. In vitro experiments have shown that periostin might regulate osteoblast differentiation and bone formation through Wnt signaling. The effect of teriparatide on periostin is not currently known. OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of teriparatide treatment on circulating levels of periostin and other regulators of bone formation and investigate how changes in periostin relate to changes in bone turnover markers, regulators of bone formation, and bone mineral density (BMD). PARTICIPANTS AND DESIGN Twenty women with osteoporosis; a 2-year open-label single-arm study. INTERVENTION Teriparatide 20 µg was administered by subcutaneous injection daily for 104 weeks. Periostin, sclerostin, and Dickkopf-related protein 1, procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (PINP), and C-telopeptide of type I collagen were measured in fasting serum collected at baseline (two visits) and then at weeks 1, 2, 4, 12, 26, 52, 78, and 104. BMD was measured at the lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS Periostin levels increased by 6.6% [95% confidence interval (CI), -0.4 to 13.5] after 26 weeks of teriparatide treatment and significantly by 12.5% (95% CI, 3.3 to 21.0; P < 0.01) after 52 weeks. The change in periostin correlated positively with the change in the lumbar spine BMD at week 52 (r = 0.567; 95% CI, 0.137 to 0.817; P < 0.05) and femoral neck BMD at week 104 (r = 0.682; 95% CI, 0.261 to 0.885; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Teriparatide therapy increases periostin secretion; it is unclear whether this increase mediates the effect of the drug on bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Gossiel
- The Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Fatma Gossiel, BSc, The Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom. E-mail:
| | - Jessica R Scott
- The Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret A Paggiosi
- The Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Kim E Naylor
- The Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Eugene V McCloskey
- The Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola F A Peel
- Metabolic Bone Centre, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer S Walsh
- The Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Eastell
- The Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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15
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Olsan EE, West JD, Torres JA, Doerr N, Weimbs T. Identification of targets of IL-13 and STAT6 signaling in polycystic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018. [PMID: 29513071 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00346.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a life-threatening, highly prevalent monogenic disease caused by mutations in polycystin-1 (PC1) in 85% of patients. We have previously identified a COOH-terminal cleavage fragment of PC1, PC1-p30, which interacts with the transcription factor STAT6 to promote transcription. STAT6 is aberrantly active in PKD mouse models and human ADPKD, and genetic removal or pharmacological inhibition of STAT6 attenuates disease progression. High levels of IL-13, a STAT6-activating cytokine, are found in the cyst fluid of PKD mouse models and increased IL-13 receptors in ADPKD patient tissue, suggesting that a positive feedback loop exists between IL-13 and STAT6 is activated in cystic epithelial cells and contributes to disease progression. In this study, we aimed to identify genes aberrantly regulated by STAT6 to better understand how increased IL-13/STAT6 signaling may contribute to PKD progression. We demonstrate that the expression of periostin, galectin-3, and IL-24 is upregulated in various forms of PKD and that their aberrant regulation is mediated by IL-13 and STAT6 activity. Periostin and galectin-3 have previously been implicated in PKD progression. We support these findings by showing that periostin expression is increased after IL-13 treatment in kidney epithelial cells, that galectin-3 expression is increased after injecting IL-13 in vivo and that IL-24 expression is upregulated by both IL-13 treatment and PC1-p30 overexpression in mouse and human kidney cells. Overall, these findings provide insight into the possible mechanisms by which increased IL-13/STAT6 signaling contributes to PKD progression and suggest potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Olsan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara, California.,Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara, California
| | - Jonathan D West
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara, California.,Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara, California
| | - Jacob A Torres
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara, California.,Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara, California
| | - Nicholas Doerr
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara, California.,Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara, California
| | - Thomas Weimbs
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara, California.,Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara, California
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16
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Song L, Duan P, Gan Y, Li P, Zhao C, Xu J, Zhang Z, Zhou Q. Silencing LPAATβ inhibits tumor growth of cisplatin-resistant human osteosarcoma in vivo and in vitro. Int J Oncol 2016; 50:535-544. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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17
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Bonnet N, Garnero P, Ferrari S. Periostin action in bone. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 432:75-82. [PMID: 26721738 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Periostin is a highly conserved matricellular protein that shares close homology with the insect cell adhesion molecule fasciclin 1. Periostin is expressed in a broad range of tissues including the skeleton, where it serves both as a structural molecule of the bone matrix and a signaling molecule through integrin receptors and Wnt-beta-catenin pathways whereby it stimulates osteoblast functions and bone formation. The development of periostin null mice has allowed to elucidate the crucial role of periostin on dentinogenesis and osteogenesis, as well as on the skeletal response to mechanical loading and parathyroid hormone. The use of circulating periostin as a potential clinical biomarker has been explored in different non skeletal conditions. These include cancers and more specifically in the metastasis process, respiratory diseases such as asthma, kidney failure, renal injury and cardiac infarction. In postmenopausal osteoporosis, serum levels have been shown to predict the risk of fracture-more specifically non-vertebral- independently of bone mineral density. Because of its preferential localization in cortical bone and periosteal tissue, it can be speculated that serum periostin may be a marker of cortical bone metabolism, although additional studies are clearly needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Bonnet
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals & Faculty of Medicine, Geneva 14, Switzerland.
| | - Patrick Garnero
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals & Faculty of Medicine, Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - Serge Ferrari
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals & Faculty of Medicine, Geneva 14, Switzerland
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18
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Characterization of Cellular and Molecular Heterogeneity of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:9378081. [PMID: 27610142 PMCID: PMC5004045 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9378081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human bone marrow-derived stromal stem cells (hBMSC) exhibit multiple functions, including differentiation into skeletal cells (progenitor function), hematopoiesis support, and immune regulation (nonprogenitor function). We have previously demonstrated the presence of morphological and functional heterogeneity of hBMSC cultures. In the present study, we characterized in detail two hTERT-BMSC clonal cell populations termed here CL1 and CL2 that represent an opposing phenotype with respect to morphology, markers expression: alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and CD146, and ex vivo differentiation potential. CL1 differentiated readily to osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes as shown by expression of lineage specific genes and proteins. Whole genome transcriptome profiling of CL1 versus CL2 revealed enrichment in CL1 of bone-, mineralization-, and skeletal muscle-related genes, for example, ALP, POSTN, IGFBP5 BMP4, and CXCL12. On the other hand, CL2 transcriptome was enriched in immune modulatory genes, for example, CD14, CD99, NOTCH3, CXCL6, CFB, and CFI. Furthermore, gene expression microarray analysis of osteoblast differentiated CL1 versus CL2 showed significant upregulation in CL1 of bone development and osteoblast differentiation genes which included several homeobox genes: TBX15, HOXA2 and HOXA10, and IGF1, FGFR3, BMP6, MCAM, ITGA10, IGFBP5, and ALP. siRNA-based downregulation of the ALP gene in CL1 impaired osteoblastic and adipocytic differentiation. Our studies demonstrate the existence of molecular and functional heterogeneity in cultured hBMSC. ALP can be employed to identify osteoblastic and adipocytic progenitor cells in the heterogeneous hBMSC cultures.
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19
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Nikitovic D, Kavasi RM, Berdiaki A, Papachristou DJ, Tsiaoussis J, Spandidos DA, Tsatsakis AM, Tzanakakis GN. Parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide regulate osteosarcoma cell functions: Focus on the extracellular matrix (Review). Oncol Rep 2016; 36:1787-92. [PMID: 27499459 PMCID: PMC5022866 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary bone tumor of mesenchymal origin mostly affecting children and adolescents. The OS extracellular matrix (ECM) is extensively altered as compared to physiological bone tissue. Indeed, the main characteristic of the most common osteoblastic subtype of OS is non-mineralized osteoid production. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a polypeptide hormone secreted by the chief cells of the parathyroid glands. The PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) may be comprised of 139, 141 or 173 amino acids and exhibits considerate N-terminal amino acid sequence homology with PTH. The function of PTH/PTHrP is executed through the activation of the PTH receptor 1 (PTHR1) and respective downstream intracellular pathways which regulate skeletal development, bone turnover and mineral ion homeostasis. Both PTHR1 and its PTH/PTHrP ligands have been shown to be expressed in OS and to affect the functions of these tumor cells. This review aims to highlight the less well known aspects of PTH/PTHrP functions in the progression of OS by focusing on ECM-dependent signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Nikitovic
- Department of Anatomy‑Histology‑Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Rafaela-Maria Kavasi
- Department of Anatomy‑Histology‑Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Berdiaki
- Department of Anatomy‑Histology‑Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Dionysios J Papachristou
- Department of Anatomy‑Histology‑Embryology, Unit of Bone and Soft Tissue Studies, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - John Tsiaoussis
- Department of Anatomy‑Histology‑Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Aristides M Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - George N Tzanakakis
- Department of Anatomy‑Histology‑Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
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20
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Alfieri C, Kavvadas P, Simonini P, Ikehata M, Dussaule JC, Chadjichristos CE, Rastaldi MP, Messa P, Chatziantoniou C. Discoidin domain receptor-1 and periostin: new players in chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015; 30:1965-71. [PMID: 25829327 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfv074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of chronic kidney disease represents an important problem for public health. In renal diseases, the main histologic alterations derive from the development of renal fibrosis which results from the loss of the balance between pro- and anti-fibrotic factors. Tyrosine kinase receptors (RTKs) and matricellular proteins (MPs) are nowadays studied as potential modulators of renal injury. RTKs regulate cell cycle, migration, metabolism and cellular differentiation. Discoidin domain receptor-1 (DDR-1) is an RTK that has been extensively studied in cancer, and lung and renal diseases. It modulates inflammatory recruitment, extracellular matrix deposition and fibrosis; in renal diseases, it appears to act independently of the underlying disease. MPs regulate cell-matrix interactions and matrix accumulation, cellular adhesion and migration, and expression of inflammatory cells. Periostin is an MP, mainly studied in bone, heart, lung and cancer. Several studies demonstrated that it mediates cell-matrix interactions, migration of inflammatory cells and development of fibrosis. Recently, it has been reported in several nephropathies. In this review, we discuss the potential pathological roles of DDR-1 and periostin focussing on the kidney in both experimental models and human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Alfieri
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Research Unit S_1155, Bâtiment Recherche, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Renal Transplant, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Panagiotis Kavvadas
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Research Unit S_1155, Bâtiment Recherche, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Paola Simonini
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Renal Transplant, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Masami Ikehata
- Research Laboratory of Nephrology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Jean Claude Dussaule
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Research Unit S_1155, Bâtiment Recherche, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Christos E Chadjichristos
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Research Unit S_1155, Bâtiment Recherche, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Maria Pia Rastaldi
- Research Laboratory of Nephrology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Messa
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Renal Transplant, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Christos Chatziantoniou
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Research Unit S_1155, Bâtiment Recherche, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
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21
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Shea MK, Kritchevsky SB, Hsu FC, Nevitt M, Booth SL, Kwoh CK, McAlindon TE, Vermeer C, Drummen N, Harris TB, Womack C, Loeser RF. The association between vitamin K status and knee osteoarthritis features in older adults: the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:370-8. [PMID: 25528106 PMCID: PMC4339507 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin K-dependent (VKD) proteins, including the mineralization inhibitor matrix-gla protein (MGP), are found in joint tissues including cartilage and bone. Previous studies suggest low vitamin K status is associated with higher osteoarthritis (OA) prevalence and incidence. OBJECTIVE To clarify what joint tissues vitamin K is relevant to in OA, we investigated the cross-sectional and longitudinal association between vitamin K status and knee OA structural features measured using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS Plasma phylloquinone (PK, vitamin K1) and dephosphorylated-uncarboxylated MGP ((dp)ucMGP) were measured in 791 older community-dwelling adults who had bilateral knee MRIs (mean ± SD age = 74 ± 3 y; 67% female). The adjusted odds ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) [OR (95%CI)] for presence and progression of knee OA features according to vitamin K status were calculated using marginal models with generalized estimating equations (GEEs), adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), triglycerides and other pertinent confounders. RESULTS Longitudinally, participants with very low plasma PK (<0.2 nM) were more likely to have articular cartilage and meniscus damage progression after 3 years [OR (95% CIs): 1.7(1.0-3.0), 2.6(1.3-5.2) respectively] compared to sufficient PK (≥ 1.0 nM). Higher plasma (dp)ucMGP (reflective of lower vitamin K status) was associated with higher odds of meniscus damage, osteophytes, bone marrow lesions, and subarticular cysts cross-sectionally [ORs (95% CIs) comparing highest to lowest quartile: 1.6(1.1-2.3); 1.7(1.1-2.5); 1.9(1.3-2.8); 1.5(1.0-2.1), respectively]. CONCLUSION Community-dwelling men and women with very low plasma PK were more likely to have progression of articular cartilage and meniscus damage. Plasma (dp)ucMGP was associated with presence of knee OA features but not progression. Future studies are needed to clarify mechanisms underlying vitamin Ks role in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Shea
- USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - S B Kritchevsky
- Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - F-C Hsu
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - M Nevitt
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - S L Booth
- USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C K Kwoh
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - T E McAlindon
- Division of Rheumatology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - T B Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, USA
| | - C Womack
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - R F Loeser
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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22
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Fu JH, Rios H, Al-Hezaimi K, Oh TJ, Benavides E, Wang HL. A randomized clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of the sandwich bone augmentation technique in increasing buccal bone thickness during implant placement. II. Tomographic, histologic, immunohistochemical, and RNA analyses. Clin Oral Implants Res 2014; 26:1150-7. [DOI: 10.1111/clr.12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Fu
- Discipline of Periodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; National University of Singapore; Singapore City Singapore
| | - Hector Rios
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine; School of Dentistry; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Khalid Al-Hezaimi
- Eng A B Growth Factors and Bone Regeneration Research Chair; College of Dentistry; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Tae-Ju Oh
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine; School of Dentistry; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Erika Benavides
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine; School of Dentistry; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Hom-Lay Wang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine; School of Dentistry; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan USA
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23
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Akiyama M. Identification of UACA, EXOSC9, and ΤΜX2 in bovine periosteal cells by mass spectrometry and immunohistochemistry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:5805-13. [PMID: 24696107 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7673-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Inspection of patient-derived cells used in transplantation is non-invasive. Therefore, proteomics analysis using supernatants of cells cultured before transplantation is informative. In order to investigate the cell niche of bovine periosteal cells, supernatants of these cultured cells were subjected to 2-D electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry, which identified type 1 collagen and the C-terminus of type 3 collagen. Only the C-terminal peptide from type 3 collagen was found in supernatants. It is known that type 3 collagen may be expressed intra- or extra-cellularly. Paraffin sections of the cultured cells were next examined by immunohistochemistry, which revealed that type 3 collagen regions besides the C-terminal peptide were present around the bovine periosteal cells but were not found in supernatants. Full-length type 3 collagen was closely associated with the cells, and only the C-terminal peptide was detectable in culture supernatants. Mass spectrometry analysis of partial peptide data combined with immunohistochemistry also indicated that uveal autoantigen with coiled coil domains and ankyrin repeats (UACA), exosome complex component RRP45 (EXOSC9), and thioredoxin-related transmembrane protein 2 (TMX2) were expressed in bovine periosteal cells. Results of this study indicate that analysis of culture supernatants before cell transplantation can provide useful biomarkers indicating the niche of cells used for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Akiyama
- Department of Biomaterials, Osaka Dental University, 8-1, Kuzuhahanazono-cho, Hirakata-shi, Osaka, 573-1121, Japan,
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24
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Merle B, Bouet G, Rousseau JC, Bertholon C, Garnero P. Periostin and transforming growth factor β-induced protein (TGFβIp) are both expressed by osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Cell Biol Int 2013; 38:398-404. [PMID: 24323465 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Periostin (Postn) and transforming growth factor β-induced protein (TGFβIp) are two closely related extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins predominantly distributed in collagen-rich connective tissues submitted to mechanical strain, including bone and more specifically the periosteum. We have investigated the expression of Postn and TGFβIp mRNA by primary osteoblasts isolated from mouse periosteum and calvaria, or by the osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cell line, and by osteoclasts from mouse long bones differentiated in vitro. Secretion of Postn was measured with a specific ELISA. Postn and TGFβIp mRNA were concomitantly expressed in all three osteoblast models all along the differentiation process in a time-dependent manner. Both Postn and TGFβIp transcripts appeared early in osteoblast differentiation, and their expression increased 3-10 times in mature osteoblast cells. Expression decreased after differentiation was achieved and when the cultures mineralised. ELISA for secreted Postn showed a similar pattern. When MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with TGF-β, Postn and TGFβIp mRNA expression and secretion were stimulated, whereas 1.25(OH)(2)D(3) had no detectable effect. Osteoclasts also expressed both Postn and TGFβIp during in vitro differentiation. Expression of both Postn and TGFβIp peaks in the early phases of osteoblast differentiation, and decreases later at the start of mineralisation. A novel finding is that Postn and TGFβIp are expressed by osteoclasts in vitro. Therefore Postn and TGFβIp proteins are potential biomarkers of early osteoblast differentiation and new bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blandine Merle
- INSERM Research Unit 1033, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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25
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Padial-Molina M, Volk SL, Rodriguez JC, Marchesan JT, Galindo-Moreno P, Rios HF. Tumor Necrosis Factor-α andPorphyromonas gingivalisLipopolysaccharides Decrease Periostin in Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts. J Periodontol 2013; 84:694-703. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2012.120078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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26
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Wang S, Duan C, Zhang F, Ma W, Guo X. Regulatory gene networks and signaling pathways from primary osteoarthritis and Kashin–Beck disease, an endemic osteoarthritis, identified by three analysis software. Gene 2013; 512:89-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ciciarello M, Zini R, Rossi L, Salvestrini V, Ferrari D, Manfredini R, Lemoli RM. Extracellular purines promote the differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells to the osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 22:1097-111. [PMID: 23259837 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular nucleotides are potent signaling molecules mediating cell-specific biological functions, mostly within the processes of tissue damage and repair and flogosis. We previously demonstrated that adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) inhibits the proliferation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-hMSCs), while stimulating, in vitro and in vivo, their migration. Here, we investigated the effects of ATP on BM-hMSC differentiation capacity. Molecular analysis showed that ATP treatment modulated the expression of several genes governing adipogenic and osteoblastic (i.e., WNT-pathway-related genes) differentiation of MSCs. Functional studies demonstrated that ATP, under specific culture conditions, stimulated adipogenesis by significantly increasing the lipid accumulation and the expression levels of the adipogenic master gene PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma). In addition, ATP stimulated osteogenic differentiation by promoting mineralization and expression of the osteoblast-related gene RUNX2 (runt-related transcription factor 2). Furthermore, we demonstrated that ATP stimulated adipogenesis via its triphosphate form, while osteogenic differentiation was induced by the nucleoside adenosine, resulting from ATP degradation induced by CD39 and CD73 ectonucleotidases expressed on the MSC membrane. The pharmacological profile of P2 purinergic receptors (P2Rs) suggests that adipogenic differentiation is mainly mediated by the engagement of P2Y1 and P2Y4 receptors, while stimulation of the P1R adenosine-specific subtype A2B is involved in adenosine-induced osteogenic differentiation. Thus, we provide new insights into molecular regulation of MSC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Ciciarello
- Department of Hematology and Oncological Sciences, L. & A. Seràgnoli, Institute of Hematology, Stem Cell Research Center, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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28
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Liu X, Meng L, Shi Q, Liu S, Cui C, Hu S, Wei Y. Dermatopontin promotes adhesion, spreading and migration of cardiac fibroblasts in vitro. Matrix Biol 2012; 32:23-31. [PMID: 23262218 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2012.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dermatopontin (DPT), an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, has been previously shown to be upregulated in the infarct zone of experimentally induced myocardial infarction (MI) rats. However, the accurate role that DPT exerts in the ventricular remodeling process after MI remains poorly understood. In this study, we evaluated the expression pattern of DPT mRNA and protein as well as its secretion in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (CMs) and cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) under conditions of hypoxia and serum deprivation (hypoxia/SD). Further, we tested the possible roles of DPT in CFs adhesion, spreading, migration and proliferation, which greatly promote the ventricular remodeling process after MI. Results showed that hypoxia/SD stimulated DPT expression and secretion in CMs and CFs and that DPT promoted adhesion, spreading and migration of CFs whereas had no effect on CFs proliferation. In addition, functional blocking antibodies specific for integrin α3 and β1 significantly reduced CFs adhesion and migration that DPT induced, suggesting that integrin α3β1 is at least one receptor for CFs adhesion and migration to DPT. These results implicated that DPT participates in the ventricular remodeling process after MI and may act as a potential therapeutic target for ventricular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease and Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
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29
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Windischhofer W, Huber E, Rossmann C, Semlitsch M, Kitz K, Rauh A, Devaney T, Leis HJ, Malle E. LPA-induced suppression of periostin in human osteosarcoma cells is mediated by the LPA(1)/Egr-1 axis. Biochimie 2012; 94:1997-2005. [PMID: 22659570 PMCID: PMC3407874 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a naturally occurring bioactive phospholipid, mediates a multitude of (patho)physiological events including activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). As LPA may induce cellular reponses in human osteosarcoma, the present study aimed at investigating expression of various LPA receptors, LPA-mediated activation of MAPK via G-protein coupling, and expression of early response genes in a cellular model for human osteosarcoma. We show that MG-63 cells express three members of the endothelial differentiation gene (Edg) family of G-protein coupled receptor transcripts (LPA(1-3)) but only two (LPA(4/5)) out of three members of the non-Edg family LPA receptor transcripts. Stimulation of MG-63 cells with LPA or synthetic LPA receptor agonists resulted in p42/44 MAPK phosphorylation via LPA(1)-LPA(3) receptors. Using pharmacological inhibitors, we show that LPA-mediated phosphorylation of p42/44 MAPK by LPA receptor engagement is transmitted by G(αi)-dependent pathways through the Src family of tyrosine kinases. As a consequence, a rapid and transient upregulation of the zinc finger transcription factor early growth response-1 (Egr-1) was observed. Egr-1 expression was strictly mediated via G(αi)/Src/p42/44 MAPK pathway; no involvement of the G(αq/11)/PLC/PKC or the PLD/PI3 kinase/Akt pathways was found. LPA-induced expression of functional Egr-1 in MG-63 cells could be confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. LPA-induced Egr-1 upregulation was accompanied by a time-dependent decrease of periostin (previously called osteoblast-specific factor 2), a cell adhesion protein for pre-osteoblasts. Silencing of LPA(1) and/or Egr-1 in MG-63 cells reversed LPA-mediated suppression of periostin. We here demonstrate a crosslink between Egr-1 and periostin in cancer cells, in particular in human osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Windischhofer
- Medical University of Graz, University Clinic of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Research Unit of Osteological Research and Analytical Mass Spectrometry, Auenbruggerplatz 30, A-8036 Graz, Austria.
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30
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Regulation of beta catenin signaling and parathyroid hormone anabolic effects in bone by the matricellular protein periostin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:15048-53. [PMID: 22927401 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1203085109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Periostin (Postn) is a matricellular protein preferentially expressed by osteocytes and periosteal osteoblasts in response to mechanical stimulation and parathyroid hormone (PTH). Whether and how periostin expression influences bone anabolism, however, remains unknown. We investigated the skeletal response of adult Postn(-/-) and Postn(+/+) mice to intermittent PTH. Compared with Postn(+/+), Postn(-/-) mice had a lower bone mass, cortical bone volume, and strength response to PTH. PTH-stimulated bone-forming indices were all significantly lower in Postn(-/-) mice, particularly at the periosteum. Furthermore, in vivo stimulation of Wnt-β-catenin signaling by PTH, as evaluated in TOPGAL reporter mice, was inhibited in the absence of periostin (TOPGAL;Postn(-/-) mice). PTH stimulated periostin and inhibited MEF2C and sclerostin (Sost) expression in bone and osteoblasts in vitro. Recombinant periostin also suppressed Sost expression, which was mediated through the integrin αVβ3 receptor, whereas periostin-blocking antibody prevented inhibition of MEF2C and Sost by PTH. In turn, administration of a Sost-blocking antiboby partially restored the PTH-mediated increase in bone mass in Postn(-/-) mice. In addition, primary osteoblasts from Postn(-/-) mice showed a lower proliferation, mineralization, and migration, both spontaneously and in response to PTH. Osteoblastic gene expression levels confirmed a defect of Postn(-/-) osteoblast differentiation with and without PTH, as well as an increased osteoblast apoptosis in the absence of periostin. These data elucidate the complex role of periostin on bone anabolism, through the regulation of Sost, Wnt-β-catenin signaling, and osteoblast differentiation.
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31
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Bonnet N, Conway SJ, Ferrari SL. Regulation of beta catenin signaling and parathyroid hormone anabolic effects in bone by the matricellular protein periostin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012. [DOI: 10.107310.1073/pnas.1203085109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Periostin (Postn) is a matricellular protein preferentially expressed by osteocytes and periosteal osteoblasts in response to mechanical stimulation and parathyroid hormone (PTH). Whether and how periostin expression influences bone anabolism, however, remains unknown. We investigated the skeletal response of adult
Postn
−/−
and
Postn
+/+
mice to intermittent PTH. Compared with
Postn
+/+
,
Postn
−/−
mice had a lower bone mass, cortical bone volume, and strength response to PTH. PTH-stimulated bone-forming indices were all significantly lower in
Postn
−/−
mice, particularly at the periosteum. Furthermore, in vivo stimulation of Wnt-β-catenin signaling by PTH, as evaluated in TOPGAL reporter mice, was inhibited in the absence of periostin (
TOPGAL;Postn
−/−
mice). PTH stimulated periostin and inhibited
MEF2C
and sclerostin (Sost) expression in bone and osteoblasts in vitro. Recombinant periostin also suppressed Sost expression, which was mediated through the integrin αVβ3 receptor, whereas periostin-blocking antibody prevented inhibition of
MEF2C
and
Sost
by PTH. In turn, administration of a Sost-blocking antiboby partially restored the PTH-mediated increase in bone mass in
Postn
−/−
mice. In addition, primary osteoblasts from
Postn
−/−
mice showed a lower proliferation, mineralization, and migration, both spontaneously and in response to PTH. Osteoblastic gene expression levels confirmed a defect of
Postn
−/−
osteoblast differentiation with and without PTH, as well as an increased osteoblast apoptosis in the absence of periostin. These data elucidate the complex role of periostin on bone anabolism, through the regulation of Sost, Wnt-β-catenin signaling, and osteoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Bonnet
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Osteoporosis Prevention, Geneva University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva 14, Switzerland; and
| | - Simon J. Conway
- Program in Developmental Biology and Neonatal Medicine, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Serge L. Ferrari
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Osteoporosis Prevention, Geneva University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva 14, Switzerland; and
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Merle B, Garnero P. The multiple facets of periostin in bone metabolism. Osteoporos Int 2012; 23:1199-212. [PMID: 22310955 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-011-1892-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Periostin is a matricellular glutamate-containing protein expressed during ontogenesis and in adult connective tissues submitted to mechanical strains including bone and, more specifically, the periosteum, periodontal ligaments, tendons, heart valves, or skin. It is also expressed in neoplastic tissues, cardiovascular and fibrotic diseases, and during wound repair. Its biological functions are extensively investigated in fields such as cardiovascular physiology or oncology. Despite its initial identification in bone, investigations of periostin functions in bone-related physiopathology are less abundant. Recently, several studies have analyzed the potential role of periostin in bone biology and suggest that periostin may be an important regulator of bone formation. The aim of this article is to provide an extensive review on the implications of periostin in bone biology and its potential use in benign and metabolic bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Merle
- INSERM Research Unit 1033, Pavillon F, Hopital E. Herriot, Place d'Arsonval, 69437, Lyon cédex 03, France.
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Oka K, Honda MJ, Tsuruga E, Hatakeyama Y, Isokawa K, Sawa Y. Roles of collagen and periostin expression by cranial neural crest cells during soft palate development. J Histochem Cytochem 2012; 60:57-68. [PMID: 22205681 DOI: 10.1369/0022155411427059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The tissue in the palatal region can be divided into the hard and the soft palates, each having a specialized function such as occlusion, speech, or swallowing. Therefore, an understanding of the mechanism of palatogenesis in relation to the function of each region is important. However, in comparison with the hard palate, there is still a lack of information about the mechanisms of soft palate development. In this study, the authors investigated the contribution of cranial neural crest (CNC) cells to development of both hard and soft palates. They also demonstrated a unique pattern of periostin expression during soft palate development, which was closely related to that of collagen type I (Col I) in palatine aponeurosis. Furthermore, organ culture analysis showed that exogenous transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) induced the expression of both periostin and Col I. These novel patterns of expression in the extracellular matrix (ECM) induced by CNC cells suggest that these cells may help to determine the character of both the hard and soft palates through ECM induction. TGF-β signaling appears to be one of the mediators of Col I and periostin expression in the formation of functional structures during soft palate development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Oka
- Section of Functional Structure, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Morphological Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Lie KK, Moren M. Retinoic acid induces two osteocalcin isoforms and inhibits markers of osteoclast activity in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) ex vivo cultured craniofacial tissues. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2011; 161:174-84. [PMID: 22075542 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional status including vitamin A could explain some of the developmental deformities observed in cultivated teleosts, including Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). In the present study we aimed to investigate the transcriptional effect of retinoic acid (RA) on bone related genes using Atlantic cod craniofacial explants tissue cultures. Two different osteoblast specific osteocalcin/bone gla protein isoforms were discovered in cod. Transcription of both isoforms was up-regulated following RA treatment of 65 dph cod lower jaw explants. In contrast, transcripts coding for genes related to bone resorption and osteoclast activity, matrix metalloproteinase 9 and cathepsin K were down-regulated following RA treatment. This could be linked to the decreased transcriptional ratio between receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand rankl and osteoprotegerin observed in the same tissue samples. RA treatment of juvenile explants had no effect on runt-related transcription factor 2 and osterix mRNA levels. However, osterix was significantly down-regulated in 25 dph cod head explants following RA treatment. In situ hybridizations revealed differential spatial distribution of the two isoforms and the predominant expression of cathepsin K in bone surrounding tissues. The present study indicates that RA causes a shift in the balance between osteoclast activity and osteoblast activity in favor of the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kristoffer Lie
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Nordnesboder 1-2, N-5005 Bergen, Norway.
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35
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Gabet Y, Noh T, Lee C, Frenkel B. Developmentally regulated inhibition of cell cycle progression by glucocorticoids through repression of cyclin a transcription in primary osteoblast cultures. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:991-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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36
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Lin Z, Rios HF, Volk SL, Sugai JV, Jin Q, Giannobile WV. Gene expression dynamics during bone healing and osseointegration. J Periodontol 2010; 82:1007-17. [PMID: 21142982 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2010.100577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the molecular features of bone repair and osseointegration may aid in the development of therapeutics to improve implant outcomes. The purpose of this investigation is to determine the gene expression dynamics during alveolar bone repair and implant osseointegration. METHODS An implant osseointegration preclinical animal model was used whereby maxillary defects were created at the time of oral implant placement, while a tooth extraction socket healing model was established on the contralateral side of each animal. The surrounding tissues in the zone of the healing defects were harvested during regeneration for temporal evaluation using histology, immunohistochemistry, laser capture microdissection, and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for the identification of a panel of 17 putative genes associated with wound repair. RESULTS In both models, three distinct expression patterns were displayed: 1) genes that are slowly increased during the healing process, such as bone morphogenetic protein 4, runt-related transcription factor 2, and osteocalcin; 2) genes that are upregulated at the early stage of healing and then downregulated at later stages, such as interleukin and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligands 2 and 5; and 3) genes that are constitutively expressed over time, such as scleraxis. Although some similarities between osseointegration and tooth extraction socket were seen, distinct features developed and triggered a characteristic coordinated expression and orchestration of transcription factors, growth factors, extracellular matrix molecules, and chemokines. CONCLUSIONS Characterization of these events contributes to a better understanding of cooperative molecular dynamics in alveolar bone healing, and highlights potential pathways that could be further explored for the enhancement of osseous regenerative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Lin
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA
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