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Li J, Han N, Liu Z, Osman A, Xu L, Song J, Xiao Y, Hu W. Role of Galectin-3 in intervertebral disc degeneration: an experimental study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25:249. [PMID: 38561725 PMCID: PMC10983641 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07382-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the role of Galectin-3 in the degeneration of intervertebral disc cartilage. METHODS The patients who underwent lumbar spine surgery due to degenerative disc disease were recruited and divided into Modic I, Modic II, and Modic III; groups. HE staining was used to detect the pathological changes in endplates. The changes of Galectin-3, MMP3, Aggrecan, CCL3, and Col II were detected by immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR, and Western blot. MTT and flow cytometry were used to detect cartilage endplate cell proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis. RESULTS With the progression of degeneration (from Modic I to III), the chondrocytes and density of the cartilage endplate of the intervertebral disc decreased, and the collagen arrangement of the cartilage endplate of the intervertebral disc was broken and calcified. Meanwhile, the expressions of Aggrecan, Col II, Galectin-3, Aggrecan, and CCL3 gradually decreased. After treatment with Galectin-3 inhibitor GB1107, the proliferation of rat cartilage end plate cells was significantly reduced (P < 0.05). GB1107 (25 µmol/L) also significantly promoted the apoptosis of cartilage endplate cells (P < 0.05). Moreover, the percentage of cartilage endplate cells in the G1 phase was significantly higher, while that in the G2 and S phases was significantly lower (P < 0.05). Additionally, the mRNA and protein expression levels of MMP3, CCL3, and Aggrecan in rat cartilage end plate cells were lower than those in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Galectin-3 decreases with the progression of the cartilage endplate degeneration of the intervertebral disc. Galectin-3 may affect intervertebral disc degeneration by regulating the degradation of the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjiang Li
- The Second Spine Department, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Nianrong Han
- The Second Spine Department, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Zhenqiang Liu
- The Second Spine Department, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Akram Osman
- The Second Spine Department, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Leilei Xu
- The Second Spine Department, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Jing Song
- The Second Spine Department, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- The Second Spine Department, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Wei Hu
- The Second Spine Department, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830000, China.
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Govindaraj K, Meteling M, van Rooij J, Becker M, van Wijnen AJ, van den Beucken JJJP, Ramos YFM, van Meurs J, Post JN, Leijten J. Osmolarity-Induced Altered Intracellular Molecular Crowding Drives Osteoarthritis Pathology. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306722. [PMID: 38213111 PMCID: PMC10953583 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial degenerative joint disease of which the underlying mechanisms are yet to be fully understood. At the molecular level, multiple factors including altered signaling pathways, epigenetics, metabolic imbalance, extracellular matrix degradation, production of matrix metalloproteinases, and inflammatory cytokines, are known to play a detrimental role in OA. However, these factors do not initiate OA, but are mediators or consequences of the disease, while many other factors causing the etiology of OA are still unknown. Here, it is revealed that microenvironmental osmolarity can induce and reverse osteoarthritis-related behavior of chondrocytes via altered intracellular molecular crowding, which represents a previously unknown mechanism underlying OA pathophysiology. Decreased intracellular crowding is associated with increased sensitivity to proinflammatory triggers and decreased responsiveness to anabolic stimuli. OA-induced lowered intracellular molecular crowding could be renormalized via exposure to higher extracellular osmolarity such as those found in healthy joints, which reverse OA chondrocyte's sensitivity to catabolic stimuli as well as its glycolytic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Govindaraj
- Department of Developmental BioengineeringFaculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical CentreUniversity of TwenteDrienerlolaan 5Enschede7522NBThe Netherlands
| | - Marieke Meteling
- Department of Developmental BioengineeringFaculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical CentreUniversity of TwenteDrienerlolaan 5Enschede7522NBThe Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van Rooij
- Department of Internal MedicineErasmus MCDr. Molewaterplein 40Rotterdam3015GDThe Netherlands
| | - Malin Becker
- Department of Developmental BioengineeringFaculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical CentreUniversity of TwenteDrienerlolaan 5Enschede7522NBThe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Yolande F. M. Ramos
- Department of Biomedical Data SciencesSection Molecular EpidemiologyLUMCEinthovenweg 20Leiden2333 ZCThe Netherlands
| | - Joyce van Meurs
- Department of Internal MedicineErasmus MCDr. Molewaterplein 40Rotterdam3015GDThe Netherlands
- Department of Orthopedics & Sports MedicineErasmus MCDr. Molewaterplein 40Rotterdam3015GDThe Netherlands
| | - Janine N. Post
- Department of Developmental BioengineeringFaculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical CentreUniversity of TwenteDrienerlolaan 5Enschede7522NBThe Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Leijten
- Department of Developmental BioengineeringFaculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical CentreUniversity of TwenteDrienerlolaan 5Enschede7522NBThe Netherlands
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Xiong Z, Peng G, Deng J, Liu M, Ning X, Zhuang Y, Yang H, Sun H. Therapeutic targets and potential delivery systems of melatonin in osteoarthritis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1331934. [PMID: 38327517 PMCID: PMC10847247 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1331934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent age-related musculoskeletal disorder that typically results in chronic pain and disability. OA is a multifactorial disease, with increased oxidative stress, dysregulated inflammatory response, and impaired matrix metabolism contributing to its onset and progression. The neurohormone melatonin, primarily synthesized by the pineal gland, has emerged as a promising therapeutic agent for OA due to its potential to alleviate inflammation, oxidative stress, and chondrocyte death with minimal adverse effects. The present review provides a comprehensive summary of the current understanding regarding melatonin as a promising pharmaceutical agent for the treatment of OA, along with an exploration of various delivery systems that can be utilized for melatonin administration. These findings may provide novel therapeutic strategies and targets for inhibiting the advancement of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Guoxuan Peng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jin Deng
- Department of Emergence Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xu Ning
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yong Zhuang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Department of Emergence Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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Wang Z, Chen X, Chen N, Yan H, Wu K, Li J, Ru Q, Deng R, Liu X, Kang R. Mechanical Factors Regulate Annulus Fibrosus (AF) Injury Repair and Remodeling: A Review. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:219-233. [PMID: 38149967 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Low back pain is a common chronic disease that can severely affect the patient's work and daily life. The breakdown of spinal mechanical homeostasis caused by intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a leading cause of low back pain. Annulus fibrosus (AF), as the outer layer structure of the IVD, is often the first affected part. AF injury caused by consistent stress overload will further accelerate IVD degeneration. Therefore, regulating AF injury repair and remodeling should be the primary goal of the IVD repair strategy. Mechanical stimulation has been shown to promote AF regeneration and repair, but most studies only focus on the effect of single stress on AF, and lack realistic models and methods that can mimic the actual mechanical environment of AF. In this article, we review the effects of different types of stress stimulation on AF injury repair and remodeling, suggest possible beneficial load combinations, and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. It will provide the theoretical basis for designing better tissue engineering therapy using mechanical factors to regulate AF injury repair and remodeling in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210028, P.R. China
| | - Xin Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210028, P.R. China
| | - Nan Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210028, P.R. China
| | - Hongjie Yan
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210028, P.R. China
| | - Ke Wu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210028, P.R. China
| | - Jitao Li
- School of Physics and Telecommunications Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan Province 466001, P.R. China
| | - Qingyuan Ru
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210028, P.R. China
| | - Rongrong Deng
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210028, P.R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210028, P.R. China
| | - Ran Kang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210028, P.R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Lishui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210028, P.R. China
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Luo Z, Wei Z, Zhang G, Chen H, Li L, Kang X. Achilles' Heel-The Significance of Maintaining Microenvironmental Homeostasis in the Nucleus Pulposus for Intervertebral Discs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16592. [PMID: 38068915 PMCID: PMC10706299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of intracellular and extracellular environments as well as the aberrant expression of ion channels on the cell membrane are intricately linked to a diverse array of degenerative disorders, including intervertebral disc degeneration. This condition is a significant contributor to low back pain, which poses a substantial burden on both personal quality of life and societal economics. Changes in the number and function of ion channels can disrupt the water and ion balance both inside and outside cells, thereby impacting the physiological functions of tissues and organs. Therefore, maintaining ion homeostasis and stable expression of ion channels within the cellular microenvironment may prove beneficial in the treatment of disc degeneration. Aquaporin (AQP), calcium ion channels, and acid-sensitive ion channels (ASIC) play crucial roles in regulating water, calcium ions, and hydrogen ions levels. These channels have significant effects on physiological and pathological processes such as cellular aging, inflammatory response, stromal decomposition, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and accumulation of cell metabolites. Additionally, Piezo 1, transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4 (TRPV4), tension response enhancer binding protein (TonEBP), potassium ions, zinc ions, and tungsten all play a role in the process of intervertebral disc degeneration. This review endeavors to elucidate alterations in the microenvironment of the nucleus pulposus during intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), with a view to offer novel insights and approaches for exploring therapeutic interventions against disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangbin Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; (Z.L.); (Z.W.); (G.Z.); (H.C.); (L.L.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Ziyan Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; (Z.L.); (Z.W.); (G.Z.); (H.C.); (L.L.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Guangzhi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; (Z.L.); (Z.W.); (G.Z.); (H.C.); (L.L.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Haiwei Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; (Z.L.); (Z.W.); (G.Z.); (H.C.); (L.L.)
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; (Z.L.); (Z.W.); (G.Z.); (H.C.); (L.L.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Xuewen Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; (Z.L.); (Z.W.); (G.Z.); (H.C.); (L.L.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedics Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
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Ohnishi T, Homan K, Fukushima A, Ukeba D, Iwasaki N, Sudo H. A Review: Methodologies to Promote the Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Regeneration of Intervertebral Disc Cells Following Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Cells 2023; 12:2161. [PMID: 37681893 PMCID: PMC10486900 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD), a highly prevalent pathological condition worldwide, is widely associated with back pain. Treatments available compensate for the impaired function of the degenerated IVD but typically have incomplete resolutions because of their adverse complications. Therefore, fundamental regenerative treatments need exploration. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has been recognized as a mainstream research objective by the World Health Organization and was consequently studied by various research groups. Implanted MSCs exert anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-pyroptotic effects and promote extracellular component production, as well as differentiation into IVD cells themselves. Hence, the ultimate goal of MSC therapy is to recover IVD cells and consequently regenerate the extracellular matrix of degenerated IVDs. Notably, in addition to MSC implantation, healthy nucleus pulposus (NP) cells (NPCs) have been implanted to regenerate NP, which is currently undergoing clinical trials. NPC-derived exosomes have been investigated for their ability to differentiate MSCs from NPC-like phenotypes. A stable and economical source of IVD cells may include allogeneic MSCs from the cell bank for differentiation into IVD cells. Therefore, multiple alternative therapeutic options should be considered if a refined protocol for the differentiation of MSCs into IVD cells is established. In this study, we comprehensively reviewed the molecules, scaffolds, and environmental factors that facilitate the differentiation of MSCs into IVD cells for regenerative therapies for IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ohnishi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan; (T.O.); (K.H.); (A.F.); (N.I.)
| | - Kentaro Homan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan; (T.O.); (K.H.); (A.F.); (N.I.)
| | - Akira Fukushima
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan; (T.O.); (K.H.); (A.F.); (N.I.)
| | - Daisuke Ukeba
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan;
| | - Norimasa Iwasaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan; (T.O.); (K.H.); (A.F.); (N.I.)
| | - Hideki Sudo
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Spine and Spinal Cord Disorders, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
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Staszkiewicz R, Sobański D, Ulasavets U, Wieczorek J, Golec E, Marcol W, Grabarek BO. Evaluation of the concentration of selected elements in serum patients with intervertebral disc degeneration. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 77:127145. [PMID: 36921371 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative analysis of the trace element content of human intervertebral discs (IVDs) is essential because it can identify specific enzymes or metabolites that may be related to human intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). The goal of this study was to assess the concentrations of copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), and calcium (Ca) in serum samples obtained from patients with IVDD in comparison to healthy volunteers (a control group). The study group consisted of 113 Caucasian patients qualified by a specialist neurosurgeon for microdiscectomy. The control group consisted of 113 healthy volunteers who met the eligibility criteria for blood donors. The examined clinical material was the serum samples obtained from both groups.Based on the quantitative analysis of selected elements, there were statistically significantly (p 0.05) higher concentrations of Cu (1180 μg/L±800 μg/L vs. 1230 μg/L±750 μg/L), Zn (790 μg/L±300 μg/L vs. 850 μg/L±200 μg/L), and Mg (21730 μg/L±4360 μg/L vs. 23820 μg/L±4990 μg/L) in the serum of healthy volunteers compared to those in the study group. In addition, statistically significant changes were not detected in the concentrations of any elements among either sex in either the study or control group or in their body mass index (BMI) values (p > 0.05). In the serum samples from the study group, the strongest relationships were noted between the concentrations of Zn and Pb (r = 0.61), Zn and P (r = 0.69), Zn and Ca (r = 0.84), Zn and Cu (r = 0.83), Mg and Ca (r = 0.74), and Ca and P (r = 0.98).It has been indicated that, above all, the concentrations of Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg depend on the advancement of radiological changes, according to the Pfirrmann scale. However, no influence on pain intensity was found, depending on the concentration of the assessed elements.The analysis indicates that the determination of serum Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg concentrations may have diagnostic significance in predicting the onset of lumbosacral IVDD. The predictive evaluation of changes in the concentrations of selected elements in patients with degenerative lumbar IVD lesions appears to be a promising, cost-effective strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Staszkiewicz
- Department of Neurosurgery, 5th Military Clinical Hospital with the SP ZOZ Polyclinic in Krakow, 30-901 Krakow, Poland; Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academy of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Dawid Sobański
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Raphael Hospital, 30-693 Krakow, Poland; Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski University, 30-705 Kraków, Poland
| | - Uladzislau Ulasavets
- Department of Neurosurgery, 5th Military Clinical Hospital with the SP ZOZ Polyclinic in Krakow, 30-901 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jerzy Wieczorek
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 31-120 Krakow, Poland
| | - Edward Golec
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, 5th Military Clinical Hospital, Kraków, Poland; Department of Rehabilitation in Orthopedics, Faculty of Motor Rehabilitation Bronisław Czech University of Physical Education in Kraków, Poland
| | - Wiesław Marcol
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland; Department of Neurosurgery, Provincial Specialist Hospital No. 2 in Jastrzębie-Zdrój, 44-300 Jastrzębie-Zdrój, Poland
| | - Beniamin Oskar Grabarek
- Department of Neurosurgery, 5th Military Clinical Hospital with the SP ZOZ Polyclinic in Krakow, 30-901 Krakow, Poland; Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academy of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
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Johnston SN, Madhu V, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. Conditional Deletion of HIF-2α in Mouse Nucleus Pulposus Reduces Fibrosis and Provides Mild and Transient Protection From Age-Dependent Structural Changes in Intervertebral Disc. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:2512-2530. [PMID: 36117450 PMCID: PMC9772060 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are critical to the development and homeostasis of hypoxic tissues. Although HIF-2α, one of the main HIF-α isoforms, is expressed in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells, its functions remain unknown. We deleted HIF-2α in the NP tissue using a notochord-specific FoxA2Cre allele to study HIF-2α function in the adult intervertebral disc. Unlike observations in HIF-1αcKO mice, fate mapping studies using Rosa26-mTmG reporter showed that HIF-2α loss in NP did not negatively impact cell survival or affect compartment development. Rather, loss of HIF-2α resulted in slightly better attributes of NP morphology in 14-month-old HIF-2αcKO mice as evident from lower scores of degeneration. These 14-month-old HIF-2αcKO mice also exhibited significant reduction in NP tissue fibrosis and lower collagen turnover in the annulus fibrosis (AF) compartment. Imaging-Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) analyses showed decreased collagen and protein content in the NP and maintained chondroitin sulfate levels in 14-month-old HIF-2αcKO . Mechanistically, global transcriptomic analysis showed enrichment of differentially expressed genes with Gene Ontology (GO) terms related to metabolic processes and cell development, molecular functions concerned with histone and protein binding, and associated pathways, including oxidative stress. Noteworthy, these morphological differences were not apparent in 24-month-old HIF-2αcKO , indicating that aging is the dominant factor in governing disc health. Together these data suggest that loss of HIF-2α in the NP compartment is not detrimental to the intervertebral disc development but rather mitigates NP tissue fibrosis and offers mild but transient protection from age-dependent early degenerative changes. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shira N. Johnston
- Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Vedavathi Madhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Irving M. Shapiro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Makarand V. Risbud
- Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA
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The Influence of Intervertebral Disc Microenvironment on the Biological Behavior of Engrafted Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:8671482. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/8671482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration is the main cause of low back pain. Traditional treatment methods cannot repair degenerated intervertebral disc tissue. The emergence of stem cell therapy makes it possible to regenerate and repair degenerated intervertebral disc tissue. At present, mesenchymal stem cells are the most studied, and different types of mesenchymal stem cells have their own characteristics. However, due to the harsh and complex internal microenvironment of the intervertebral disc, it will affect the biological behaviors of the implanted mesenchymal stem cells, such as viability, proliferation, migration, and chondrogenic differentiation, thereby affecting the therapeutic effect. This review is aimed at summarizing the influence of each intervertebral disc microenvironmental factor on the biological behavior of mesenchymal stem cells, so as to provide new ideas for using tissue engineering technology to assist stem cells to overcome the influence of the microenvironment in the future.
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miR-31 from Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Alleviates Intervertebral Disc Degeneration by Inhibiting NFAT5 and Upregulating the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:2164057. [PMID: 36311041 PMCID: PMC9615555 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2164057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we explored the regulatory mechanism of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) that involves miR-31 shuttled by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (BMSC-EVs) and its downstream signaling molecules. Nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) were isolated and treated with TNF-α to simulate IDD in vitro. The TNF-α-exposed NPCs were then cocultured with hBMSCs or hBMSC-EVs in vitro to detect the effects of hBMSC-EVs on NPC viability, apoptosis, and ECM degradation. Binding between miR-31 and NFAT5 was determined. A mouse model of IDD was prepared by vertebral disc puncture and injected with EVs from hBMSCs with miR-31 knockdown to discern the function of miR-31 in vivo. The results demonstrated that hBMSC-EVs delivered miR-31 into NPCs. hBMSC-EVs enhanced NPC proliferation and suppressed cell apoptosis and ECM degradation, which was associated with the transfer of miR-31 into NPCs. In NPCs, miR-31 bound to the 3′UTR of NFAT5 and inhibited NFAT5 expression, leading to activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and thus promoting NPC proliferation and reducing cell apoptosis and ECM degradation. In addition, miR-31 in hBMSC-EVs alleviated the IDD in mouse models. Taken together, miR-31 in hBMSC-EVs can alleviate IDD by targeting NFAT5 and activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Changes in Elements and Relationships among Elements in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159042. [PMID: 35897416 PMCID: PMC9332279 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a complex and progressive process of disc aging. One of the most important causes of changes in the internal environment, leading to IVDD, can be changes in the concentration of individual metal elements. This study aimed to analyze the concentrations of copper, iron, manganese, lead, zinc, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, and calcium in the degenerated intervertebral discs of the lumbosacral spine, compared to healthy intervertebral discs. The study group (S) consisted of 113 Caucasian patients, qualified by a specialist surgeon for IVDD of the lumbosacral spine. The control group (C) consisted of 81 individuals. The biological material was obtained from Caucasian human cadavers during post-mortem examination. The concentrations of individual elements were assessed using inductively coupled plasma−optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Statistically significant differences in the concentrations of microelements, depending on the degree of pain intensity, were noted for only potassium (p < 0.05). Statistically significant differences in the concentrations of the assessed microelements, depending on the degree of radiological advancement of the lesions, were noted for copper and iron (p < 0.05). In the degenerated intervertebral discs, the strongest relationships were noted between the concentrations of zinc and lead (r = 0.67; p < 0.05), zinc and phosphorus (r = 0.74; p < 0.05), and zinc and calcium (r = 0.77; p < 0.05). It has been indicated that, above all, the concentrations of copper and iron depend on the advancement of radiological changes, according to the Pfirrmann scale; however, no influence on the pain intensity, depending on the concentration of the assessed elements, was found.
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Jahr H, van der Windt AE, Timur UT, Baart EB, Lian WS, Rolauffs B, Wang FS, Pufe T. Physosmotic Induction of Chondrogenic Maturation Is TGF-β Dependent and Enhanced by Calcineurin Inhibitor FK506. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095110. [PMID: 35563498 PMCID: PMC9100228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing extracellular osmolarity 100 mOsm/kg above plasma level to the physiological levels for cartilage induces chondrogenic marker expression and the differentiation of chondroprogenitor cells. The calcineurin inhibitor FK506 has been reported to modulate the hypertrophic differentiation of primary chondrocytes under such conditions, but the molecular mechanism has remained unclear. We aimed at clarifying its role. Chondrocyte cell lines and primary cells were cultured under plasma osmolarity and chondrocyte-specific in situ osmolarity (+100 mOsm, physosmolarity) was increased to compare the activation of nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5 (NFAT5). The effects of osmolarity and FK506 on calcineurin activity, cell proliferation, extracellular matrix quality, and BMP- and TGF-β signaling were analyzed using biochemical, gene, and protein expression, as well as reporter and bio-assays. NFAT5 translocation was similar in chondrocyte cell lines and primary cells. High supraphysiological osmolarity compromised cell proliferation, while physosmolarity or FK506 did not, but in combination increased proteoglycan and collagen expression in chondrocytes in vitro and in situ. The expression of the TGF-β-inducible protein TGFBI, as well as chondrogenic (SOX9, Col2) and terminal differentiation markers (e.g., Col10) were affected by osmolarity. Particularly, the expression of minor collagens (e.g., Col9, Col11) was affected. The inhibition of the FK506-binding protein suggests modulation at the TGF-β receptor level, rather than calcineurin-mediated signaling, as a cause. Physiological osmolarity promotes terminal chondrogenic differentiation of progenitor cells through the sensitization of the TGF-β superfamily signaling at the type I receptor. While hyperosmolarity alone facilitates TGF-β superfamily signaling, FK506 further enhances signaling by releasing the FKBP12 break from the type I receptor to improve collagenous marker expression. Our results help explain earlier findings and potentially benefit future cell-based cartilage repair strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Jahr
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (U.T.T.); (T.P.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-2418089525
| | - Anna E. van der Windt
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Ufuk Tan Timur
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (U.T.T.); (T.P.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Esther B. Baart
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Wei-Shiung Lian
- Core Laboratory for Phenomics and Diagnostics, Department of Medical Research, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (W.-S.L.); (F.-S.W.)
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Bernd Rolauffs
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University, 79085 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Feng-Sheng Wang
- Core Laboratory for Phenomics and Diagnostics, Department of Medical Research, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (W.-S.L.); (F.-S.W.)
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (U.T.T.); (T.P.)
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Effects of Changes in Osmolarity on the Biological Activity of Human Normal Nucleus Pulposus Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:1121064. [PMID: 35502327 PMCID: PMC9056247 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1121064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The expansion and maintenance of the NPMSC (nucleus pulposus mesenchymal stem cell) phenotype are considered as potential therapeutic tools for clinical applications in intervertebral disc tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, the harsh microenvironment within the intervertebral disc is the main limitation of its regeneration. The osmolarity of the intervertebral disc is higher than that of other tissues, which has an important influence on the biological characteristics of NPMSCs. In this study, we observed the effect of different osmolarities on the biological characteristics of human normal NPMSCs cultured in vitro and explored the role of osmolarity in intervertebral disc degeneration. Our data demonstrated that the change in osmotic pressure has an important effect on the biological activity of NPMSCs, and this effect may occur through the P16INK4A/Rb pathway. This study provides a theoretical basis for the future treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration.
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Thielen NGM, Neefjes M, Vitters EL, van Beuningen HM, Blom AB, Koenders MI, van Lent PLEM, van de Loo FAJ, Blaney Davidson EN, van Caam APM, van der Kraan PM. Identification of Transcription Factors Responsible for a Transforming Growth Factor-β-Driven Hypertrophy-like Phenotype in Human Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071232. [PMID: 35406794 PMCID: PMC8998018 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During osteoarthritis (OA), hypertrophy-like chondrocytes contribute to the disease process. TGF-β's signaling pathways can contribute to a hypertrophy(-like) phenotype in chondrocytes, especially at high doses of TGF-β. In this study, we examine which transcription factors (TFs) are activated and involved in TGF-β-dependent induction of a hypertrophy-like phenotype in human OA chondrocytes. We found that TGF-β, at levels found in synovial fluid in OA patients, induces hypertrophic differentiation, as characterized by increased expression of RUNX2, COL10A1, COL1A1, VEGFA and IHH. Using luciferase-based TF activity assays, we observed that the expression of these hypertrophy genes positively correlated to SMAD3:4, STAT3 and AP1 activity. Blocking these TFs using specific inhibitors for ALK-5-induced SMAD signaling (5 µM SB-505124), JAK-STAT signaling (1 µM Tofacitinib) and JNK signaling (10 µM SP-600125) led to the striking observation that only SB-505124 repressed the expression of hypertrophy factors in TGF-β-stimulated chondrocytes. Therefore, we conclude that ALK5 kinase activity is essential for TGF-β-induced expression of crucial hypertrophy factors in chondrocytes.
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Du J, Xu M, Kong F, Zhu P, Mao Y, Liu Y, Zhou H, Dong Z, Yu Z, Du T, Gu Y, Wu X, Geng D, Mao H. CB2R Attenuates Intervertebral Disc Degeneration by Delaying Nucleus Pulposus Cell Senescence through AMPK/GSK3β Pathway. Aging Dis 2022; 13:552-567. [PMID: 35371598 PMCID: PMC8947828 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleus pulposus (NP) cell (NPC) senescence is one of the main causes of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). However, the underlying mechanism of NPC senescence is still unclear. The cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2R) is a member of the cannabinoid system and plays an important role in antioxidative stress, anti-inflammatory and antisenescence activities. In this study, we used a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced NPC senescence model and a rat acupuncture IVDD model to explore the role of CB2R in IVDD in vitro and in vivo. First, we confirmed that the expression of p16INK4a in the NP tissues of IVDD patients and rat acupuncture IVDD models obviously increased accompanied by a decrease in CB2R expression. Subsequently, we found that activation of CB2R significantly reduced the number of SA-β-gal positive cells and suppressed the expression of p16INK4a and senescence-related secretory phenotypes [SASP, including matrix metalloproteinase 9 and 13 (MMP9, MMP13) and high mobility group protein b1 (HMGB1)]. In addition, activation of CB2R promoted the expression of collagen type II (Col-2) and SRY-Box transcription factor 9 (SOX9), inhibit the expression of collagen type X (Col-X), and restore the balance of extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism. In addition, the AMPK/GSK3β pathway was shown to play an important role in CB2R regulation of NPC senescence. Inhibition of AMPK expression reversed the effect of JWH015 (a CB2R agonist). Finally, we further demonstrated that in the rat IVDD model, the AMPK/GSK3β pathway was involved in the regulation of CB2R on NPC senescence. In conclusion, our experimental results prove that CB2R plays an important role in NPC senescence. Activation of CB2R can delay NPC senescence, restore the balance of ECM metabolism, and attenuate IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Du
- 1Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Menglei Xu
- 2Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of the Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, China
| | - Fanchen Kong
- 1Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Zhu
- 1Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yubo Mao
- 1Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yijie Liu
- 1Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- 1Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhongchen Dong
- 1Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zilin Yu
- 1Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tong Du
- 3Medical college of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ye Gu
- 4Department of Orthopaedics, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, First People's Hospital of Changshu City, Changshu, China
| | - Xiexing Wu
- 1Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dechun Geng
- 1Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haiqing Mao
- 1Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Li T, Peng Y, Chen Y, Huang X, Li X, Zhang Z, Du J. Long intergenic non-coding RNA -00917 regulates the proliferation, inflammation, and pyroptosis of nucleus pulposus cells via targeting miR-149-5p/NOD-like receptor protein 1 axis. Bioengineered 2022; 13:6036-6047. [PMID: 35184666 PMCID: PMC8974084 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2043100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Air Force Medical Center of Pla, Beijing, Haidian District, China
| | - Ye Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Air Force Medical Center of Pla, Beijing, Haidian District, China
| | - Yufei Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Air Force Medical Center of Pla, Beijing, Haidian District, China
| | - Xiaogang Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Air Force Medical Center of Pla, Beijing, Haidian District, China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Air Force Medical Center of Pla, Beijing, Haidian District, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Air Force Medical Center of Pla, Beijing, Haidian District, China
| | - Junjie Du
- Department of Orthopedics, Air Force Medical Center of Pla, Beijing, Haidian District, China
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17
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Lin Z, Deng Z, Liu J, Lin Z, Chen S, Deng Z, Li W. Chloride Channel and Inflammation-Mediated Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:953-964. [PMID: 35177922 PMCID: PMC8846625 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s350432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage allows the human body to buffer and absorb stress during normal exercise. It is mainly composed of cartilage cells and the extracellular matrix and is surrounded by the extracellular microenvironment formed by synovial fluid and various factors in it. Studies have shown that chondrocytes are the metabolic center of articular cartilage. Under physiological conditions, the extracellular matrix is in a dynamic balance of anabolism and catabolism, and various factors and physical and chemical conditions in the extracellular microenvironment are also in a steady state. This homeostasis depends on the normal function of proteins represented by various ion channels on chondrocytes. In mammalian chondrocyte species, ion channels are mainly divided into two categories: cation channels and anion channels. Anion channels such as chloride channels have become hot research topics in recent years. These channels play an extremely important role in various physiological processes. Recently, a growing body of evidence has shown that many pathological processes, abnormal concentration of mechanical stress and chloride channel dysfunction in articular cartilage lead to microenvironment disorders, matrix and bone metabolism imbalances, which cause partial aseptic inflammation. These pathological processes initiate extracellular matrix degradation, abnormal chondrocyte death, hyperplasia of inflammatory synovium and bony. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common clinical disease in orthopedics. Its typical manifestations are joint inflammation and pain caused by articular cartilage degeneration, but its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Focusing on the physiological functions and pathological changes of chloride channels and pathophysiology of aseptic inflammation furthers the understanding of OA pathogenesis and provides possible targets for subsequent medication development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicong Lin
- Hand and Foot Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiqin Deng
- Hand and Foot Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianquan Liu
- Hand and Foot Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongshi Lin
- Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control (Shenzhen Testing Center of Medical Devices), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenhan Deng
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Zhenhan Deng, Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, 3002 Sungang West Road, Shenzhen City, 518025, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13928440786, Fax +86 755-83366388, Email
| | - Wencui Li
- Hand and Foot Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, People’s Republic of China
- Wencui Li, Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, 3002 Sungang West Road, Shenzhen City, 518025, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13923750767, Email
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Karila T, Tervahartiala T, Cohen B, Sorsa T. The collagenases: are they tractable targets for preventing cartilage destruction in osteoarthritis? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:93-105. [PMID: 35081858 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2035362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The etiology and pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) have been intensely investigated; however, the disease course and progression are not completely understood. A prominent role for interstitial collagenases is recognized in this degenerative process, hence strategies to target them are of major interest. AREAS COVERED The pathogenesis of OA, the role of interstitial collagenases (MMP-1, -8 and -13) and collagenase modifying drugs are examined and discussed. We reviewed relevant papers from PubMed and Google Scholar. EXPERT OPINION There is strong evidence for the therapeutic potential of MMP inhibitors in OA; however, they are not expected to impact the inflammatory process. Therefore, there is a need for a relative inhibitor of MMP-13 collagenase which possesses anti-inflammatory properties. The identification of novel broad-spectrum relative multiple peptidase inhibitors could provide desirable tools for the prophylaxis, cure, or treatment of diseases involving articular cartilage (AC) degradation, in particular OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomo Karila
- Hospital Orton, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taina Tervahartiala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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Lu KH, Lu PWA, Lu EWH, Tang CH, Su SC, Lin CW, Yang SF. The potential remedy of melatonin on osteoarthritis. J Pineal Res 2021; 71:e12762. [PMID: 34435392 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common arthritis worldwide, is a degenerative joint disease characterized by progressive cartilage breakdown, subchondral remodeling, and synovial inflammation. Although conventional pharmaceutical therapies aimed to prevent further cartilage loss and joint dysfunction, there are no ideal strategies that target the pathogenesis of OA. Melatonin exhibits a variety of regulatory properties by binding to specific receptors and downstream molecules and exerts a myriad of receptor-independent actions via intracellular targets as a chondrocyte protector, an anti-inflammation modulator, and a free radical scavenger. Melatonin also modulates cartilage regeneration and degradation by directly/indirectly regulating the expression of main circadian clock genes, such as transcriptional activators [brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein (Bmal) and circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (Clock)], transcriptional repressors [period circadian regulator (Per)1/2, cryptochrome (Cry)1/2, and Dec2], and nuclear hormone receptors [Rev-Erbs and retinoid acid-related orphan receptors (Rors)]. Owing to its effects on cartilage homeostasis, we propose a potential role for melatonin in the prevention and therapy of OA via the modulation of circadian clock genes, mitigation of chondrocyte apoptosis, anti-inflammatory activity, and scavenging of free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko-Hsiu Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chi Su
- Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Linkou and Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital 402, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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20
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Lee J, Lee J, Lee S, Yoo SA, Kim KM, Kim WU, Cho CS, Yoon CH. Genetic deficiency of nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 attenuates the development of osteoarthritis in mice. Joint Bone Spine 2021; 89:105273. [PMID: 34537377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2021.105273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study is aimed to investigate the role of nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5), originally known as the osmosensitive mammalian transcription factor, in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) in mice. METHODS OA was induced in male C57BL/6 (wild-type) and NFAT5 haplo-insufficient (NFAT5+/-) mice via destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) surgery. OA severity and synovial inflammation were histologically assessed. Expression of CCL2, inflammatory cytokines, cartilage degrading enzymes was determined in the knee joints and cultured chondrocytes from wild-type and NFAT5+/- mice. RESULTS NFAT5 expression was significantly upregulated in the knee joint of a mouse after DMM surgery. NFAT5 deficiency decreased the severity of synovial inflammation and osteoarthritic changes in cartilage and subchondral bone. Moreover, NFAT5 deficiency also decreased the expression of CCL2, IL-1β, MMP-13, ADMATS-5, and macrophage infiltration in the joint. In cultured chondrocytes, hyperosmolar or IL-1β stimulation significantly enhanced the expression of NFAT5, CCL2, IL-1β, IL-6, and MMP-13, and this effect was abolished in chondrocytes from NFAT5+/- mice. Hyperosmolarity or IL-1β-induced NFAT5 and CCL2 downregulated by inhibiting p38 MAPK, JNK, and ERK pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that NFAT5 is a crucial regulator of OA pathogenesis by upregulating CCL2 expression and macrophage recruitment. In chondrocyte, NFAT5 plays an important role in the response to hyperosmolar or IL-1β stimulation. Thus, NFAT5 could be an attractive therapeutic target for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhee Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea
| | - Jongmin Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea
| | - Saseong Lee
- Center for Integrative Rheumatoid Transcriptomics and Dynamics, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea
| | - Seung-Ah Yoo
- Center for Integrative Rheumatoid Transcriptomics and Dynamics, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea
| | - Ki-Myo Kim
- Center for Integrative Rheumatoid Transcriptomics and Dynamics, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea
| | - Wan-Uk Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea; Center for Integrative Rheumatoid Transcriptomics and Dynamics, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea
| | - Chul-Soo Cho
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea
| | - Chong-Hyeon Yoon
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea.
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Kudelko M, Chen P, Tam V, Zhang Y, Kong OY, Sharma R, Au TY, To MKT, Cheah KS, Chan WC, Chan D. PRIMUS: Comprehensive proteomics of mouse intervertebral discs that inform novel biology and relevance to human disease modelling. Matrix Biol Plus 2021; 12:100082. [PMID: 34409283 PMCID: PMC8361275 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2021.100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteomics of healthy mouse IVDs differentiating compartments and spine levels. NP cells feature vacuoles with lysosomal, transport and cell–cell communication functions. Collagen XII, decorin and other ECM proteins contribute to function of the AF. Distinct proteomics between lumbar and tail discs. Mouse is a relevant model for human disc biology but care is needed in its use.
Mice are commonly used to study intervertebral disc (IVD) biology and related diseases such as IVD degeneration. Discs from both the lumbar and tail regions are used. However, little is known about compartmental characteristics in the different regions, nor their relevance to the human setting, where a functional IVD unit depends on a homeostatic proteome. Here, we address these major gaps through comprehensive proteomic profiling and in-depth analyses of 8-week-old healthy murine discs, followed by comparisons with human. Leveraging on a dataset of over 2,700 proteins from 31 proteomic profiles, we identified key molecular and cellular differences between disc compartments and spine levels, but not gender. The nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF) compartments differ the most, both in matrisome and cellularity contents. Differences in the matrisome are consistent with the fibrous nature required for tensile strength in the AF and hydration property in the NP. Novel findings for the NP cells included an enrichment in cell junction proteins for cell–cell communication (Cdh2, Dsp and Gja1) and osmoregulation (Slc12a2 and Wnk1). In NP cells, we detected heterogeneity of vacuolar organelles; where about half have potential lysosomal function (Vamp3, Copb2, Lamp1/2, Lamtor1), some contain lipid droplets and others with undefined contents. The AF is enriched in proteins for the oxidative stress responses (Sod3 and Clu). Interestingly, mitochondrial proteins are elevated in the lumbar than tail IVDs that may reflect differences in metabolic requirement. Relative to the human, cellular and structural information are conserved for the AF. Even though the NP is more divergent between mouse and human, there are similarities at the level of cell biology. Further, common cross-species markers were identified for both NP (KRT8/19, CD109) and AF (COL12A1). Overall, mouse is a relevant model to study IVD biology, and an understanding of the limitation will facilitate research planning and data interpretation, maximizing the translation of research findings to human IVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Kudelko
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Peikai Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong -Shenzhen Hospital (HKU-SZH), Shenzhen, China
| | - Vivian Tam
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Oi-Yin Kong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Rakesh Sharma
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Tiffany Y.K. Au
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Michael Kai-Tsun To
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong -Shenzhen Hospital (HKU-SZH), Shenzhen, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kathryn S.E. Cheah
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Wilson C.W. Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong -Shenzhen Hospital (HKU-SZH), Shenzhen, China
| | - Danny Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong -Shenzhen Hospital (HKU-SZH), Shenzhen, China
- Corresponding author at: School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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22
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Gan Y, He J, Zhu J, Xu Z, Wang Z, Yan J, Hu O, Bai Z, Chen L, Xie Y, Jin M, Huang S, Liu B, Liu P. Spatially defined single-cell transcriptional profiling characterizes diverse chondrocyte subtypes and nucleus pulposus progenitors in human intervertebral discs. Bone Res 2021; 9:37. [PMID: 34400611 PMCID: PMC8368097 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00163-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of the cellular heterogeneity and molecular mechanisms underlying the development, homeostasis, and disease of human intervertebral disks (IVDs) remains challenging. Here, the transcriptomic landscape of 108 108 IVD cells was mapped using single-cell RNA sequencing of three main compartments from young and adult healthy IVDs, including the nucleus pulposus (NP), annulus fibrosus, and cartilage endplate (CEP). The chondrocyte subclusters were classified based on their potential regulatory, homeostatic, and effector functions in extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis. Notably, in the NP, a PROCR+ resident progenitor population showed enriched colony-forming unit-fibroblast (CFU-F) activity and trilineage differentiation capacity. Finally, intercellular crosstalk based on signaling network analysis uncovered that the PDGF and TGF-β cascades are important cues in the NP microenvironment. In conclusion, a single-cell transcriptomic atlas that resolves spatially regulated cellular heterogeneity together with the critical signaling that underlies homeostasis will help to establish new therapeutic strategies for IVD degeneration in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Gan
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Spine Surgery, Center of Orthopedics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China ,grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jian He
- grid.410740.60000 0004 1803 4911State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Spine Surgery, Center of Orthopedics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengyang Xu
- grid.410740.60000 0004 1803 4911State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Spine Surgery, Center of Orthopedics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Yan
- grid.410740.60000 0004 1803 4911State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ou Hu
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Spine Surgery, Center of Orthopedics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhijie Bai
- grid.410740.60000 0004 1803 4911State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Laboratory for the Prevention and Rehabilitation of Military Training Related Injuries, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yangli Xie
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Laboratory for the Prevention and Rehabilitation of Military Training Related Injuries, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Min Jin
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Laboratory for the Prevention and Rehabilitation of Military Training Related Injuries, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shuo Huang
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Laboratory for the Prevention and Rehabilitation of Military Training Related Injuries, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Bing Liu
- grid.410740.60000 0004 1803 4911State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China ,grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Liu
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Spine Surgery, Center of Orthopedics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China ,grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
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23
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Spatially defined single-cell transcriptional profiling characterizes diverse chondrocyte subtypes and nucleus pulposus progenitors in human intervertebral discs. Bone Res 2021; 9:37. [PMID: 34400611 PMCID: PMC8368097 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00163-z 10.1038/s41413-021-00163-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of the cellular heterogeneity and molecular mechanisms underlying the development, homeostasis, and disease of human intervertebral disks (IVDs) remains challenging. Here, the transcriptomic landscape of 108 108 IVD cells was mapped using single-cell RNA sequencing of three main compartments from young and adult healthy IVDs, including the nucleus pulposus (NP), annulus fibrosus, and cartilage endplate (CEP). The chondrocyte subclusters were classified based on their potential regulatory, homeostatic, and effector functions in extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis. Notably, in the NP, a PROCR+ resident progenitor population showed enriched colony-forming unit-fibroblast (CFU-F) activity and trilineage differentiation capacity. Finally, intercellular crosstalk based on signaling network analysis uncovered that the PDGF and TGF-β cascades are important cues in the NP microenvironment. In conclusion, a single-cell transcriptomic atlas that resolves spatially regulated cellular heterogeneity together with the critical signaling that underlies homeostasis will help to establish new therapeutic strategies for IVD degeneration in the clinic.
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24
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Gan Y, He J, Zhu J, Xu Z, Wang Z, Yan J, Hu O, Bai Z, Chen L, Xie Y, Jin M, Huang S, Liu B, Liu P. Spatially defined single-cell transcriptional profiling characterizes diverse chondrocyte subtypes and nucleus pulposus progenitors in human intervertebral discs. Bone Res 2021; 9:37. [PMID: 34400611 PMCID: PMC8368097 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00163-z+10.1038/s41413-021-00163-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of the cellular heterogeneity and molecular mechanisms underlying the development, homeostasis, and disease of human intervertebral disks (IVDs) remains challenging. Here, the transcriptomic landscape of 108 108 IVD cells was mapped using single-cell RNA sequencing of three main compartments from young and adult healthy IVDs, including the nucleus pulposus (NP), annulus fibrosus, and cartilage endplate (CEP). The chondrocyte subclusters were classified based on their potential regulatory, homeostatic, and effector functions in extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis. Notably, in the NP, a PROCR+ resident progenitor population showed enriched colony-forming unit-fibroblast (CFU-F) activity and trilineage differentiation capacity. Finally, intercellular crosstalk based on signaling network analysis uncovered that the PDGF and TGF-β cascades are important cues in the NP microenvironment. In conclusion, a single-cell transcriptomic atlas that resolves spatially regulated cellular heterogeneity together with the critical signaling that underlies homeostasis will help to establish new therapeutic strategies for IVD degeneration in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Gan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Center of Orthopedics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jian He
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Center of Orthopedics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengyang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Center of Orthopedics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ou Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Center of Orthopedics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhijie Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Laboratory for the Prevention and Rehabilitation of Military Training Related Injuries, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yangli Xie
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Laboratory for the Prevention and Rehabilitation of Military Training Related Injuries, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Min Jin
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Laboratory for the Prevention and Rehabilitation of Military Training Related Injuries, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shuo Huang
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Laboratory for the Prevention and Rehabilitation of Military Training Related Injuries, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Center of Orthopedics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.
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25
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Stone AJ, Tornifoglio B, Johnston RD, Shmueli K, Kerskens C, Lally C. Quantitative susceptibility mapping of carotid arterial tissue ex vivo: Assessing sensitivity to vessel microstructural composition. Magn Reson Med 2021; 86:2512-2527. [PMID: 34270122 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize microstructural contributions to the magnetic susceptibility of carotid arteries. METHOD Arterial vessels were scanned using high-resolution quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) at 7 Tesla. Models of vessel degradation were generated using ex vivo porcine carotid arteries that were subjected to several different enzymatic digestion treatments that selectively removed microstructural components (smooth muscle cells, collagen, and elastin). Magnetic susceptibilities measured in these tissue models were compared to those in untreated (native) porcine arteries. Magnetic susceptibility measured in native porcine carotid arteries was further compared to the susceptibility of cadaveric human carotid arteries to investigate their similarity. RESULTS The magnetic susceptibility of native porcine vessels was diamagnetic (χnative = -0.1820 ppm), with higher susceptibilities in all models of vessel degradation (χelastin-degraded = -0.0163 ppm; χcollagen-degraded = -0.1158 ppm; χdecellularized = -0.1379 ppm; χfixed native = -0.2199 ppm). Magnetic susceptibility was significantly higher in collagen-degraded compared to native porcine vessels (Tukey-Kramer, P < .01) and between elastin-degraded and all other models (including native, Tukey-Kramer, P < .001). The susceptibility of fixed healthy human arterial tissue was diamagnetic, and no significant difference was found between fixed human and fixed porcine arterial tissue susceptibilities (analysis of variance, P > .05). CONCLUSIONS Magnetic susceptibility measured using QSM is sensitive to the microstructural composition of arterial vessels-most notably to collagen. The similarity of human and porcine arterial tissue susceptibility values provides a solid basis for translational studies. Because vessel microstructure becomes disrupted during the onset and progression of carotid atherosclerosis, QSM has the potential to provide a sensitive and specific marker of vessel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Stone
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brooke Tornifoglio
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Robert D Johnston
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Karin Shmueli
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Kerskens
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Caitríona Lally
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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26
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An in vitro analysis of the effect of hyperosmolarity on the chondrogenic potential of human articular cartilage derived chondroprogenitors. Tissue Cell 2021; 72:101590. [PMID: 34256278 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chondroprogenitors display promise for articular cartilage regeneration. It is imperative to standardize culture conditions, to further enhance chondrogenicity and reduce tendency for hypertrophy. Cartilage matrix provides a unique hyperosmolar microenvironment that enables native cells to resist compressive stress. However, commonly used culture media have osmolarities relatively hypoosmotic when compared to in-vivo conditions. Previous reports involving chondrocytes demonstrated enhanced chondrogenic potential secondary to utilization of hyperosmolar culture conditions. The study aimed to assess the effect of hyperosmolarity (either mimicking normal joint conditions or short-term hyperosmotic stress) on chondroprogenitor phenotype. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fibronectin adhesion assay derived human articular chondroprogenitors (n = 3) were divided into 3 groups: a) Control: cells grown in standard culture conditions (320 mOsm/L), b) Test A: cells grown in hyperosmolar media mimicking joint conditions (409 mOsm/L) and c) Test B: cells exposed to short-term hyperosmotic stress (504 mOsm/L) for 24 h, prior to assessment. Evaluation parameters included population doubling, cell size, surface marker expression, mRNA expression (markers of chondrogenesis, dedifferentiation and hypertrophy) and multilineage potential. RESULTS Subjecting these cells to increased osmolarity in culture did not demonstrably favor chondrogenesis (control vs Test A: comparable COL2A1) while hyperosmotic stress further increased the tendency for hypertrophy and terminal differentiation (high COL1A1 and low COL2A1, P = 0.006). Additionally, growth kinetics, surface marker expression and multilineage potential were comparable across groups. CONCLUSION Chondroprogenitors displayed sensitivity to increase in osmolarity as chondrogenic phenotype did not improve, while hypertrophic propensity was heightened, although further analysis of culture and phenotypic parameters will aid in optimizing chondroprogenitor use in cartilage regeneration.
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27
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The TLR-2/TonEBP signaling pathway regulates 29-kDa fibronectin fragment-dependent expression of matrix metalloproteinases. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8891. [PMID: 33903620 PMCID: PMC8076285 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87813-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tonicity-responsive enhancer-binding protein (TonEBP; nuclear factor of activated T cells 5) is a transcription factor that responds to changes in osmolality. However, recent studies have shown that it also modulates immune responses under inflammatory conditions independently of hyperosmolality. Fibronectin fragments (FN-fs), which are abundant in the synovial fluid of patients with osteoarthritis (OA), induce expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) via the toll-like receptor-2 (TLR-2) signaling pathway. In this study we examined whether TonEBP is involved in 29-kDa FN-f-induced expression of MMPs. The expression of TonEBP was significantly higher in human osteoarthritis compared with normal cartilage samples. 29-kDa FN-f affected the expression of MMPs 1, 3, and 13 via TonEBP, and expression and nuclear accumulation of TonEBP were induced by activation of the phospholipase C/NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway and, in particular, modulated by TLR-2. In addition, 29-kDa FN-f induced the expression of osmoregulatory genes, including Tau-T, SMIT, and AR, as well as voltage-dependent calcium channels via the TonEBP/TLR-2 signaling pathway. These results show that 29-kDa FN-f upregulates MMPs in chondrocytes via the TLR-2/TonEBP signaling pathway.
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28
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Snuggs JW, Tessier S, Bunning RAB, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV, Le Maitre CL. TonEBP regulates the hyperosmotic expression of aquaporin 1 and 5 in the intervertebral disc. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3164. [PMID: 33542263 PMCID: PMC7862284 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81838-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The central region of the intervertebral disc (IVD) is rich in proteoglycans, leading to a hyperosmotic environment, which fluctuates with daily loading. The cells of the nucleus pulposus (NP cells) have adapted to this environment via the function of tonicity enhancer binding protein (TonEBP), and NP cells have been shown to express several water channels known as aquaporins (AQP). We have previously shown that AQP1 and 5 decrease during IVD degeneration. Here, the regulation of AQP1 and 5 by hyperosmotic conditions and the role of TonEBP in this regulation was investigated. AQP1 and 5 gene expression was upregulated by hyperosmotic conditions mimicking the osmolality of the healthy IVD, which was abrogated by TonEBP knockdown. Furthermore, AQP1 and 5 immunopositivity was significantly reduced in TonEBPΔ/Δ E17.5 mice when compared with wildtype controls, indicating in vivo expression of AQP1 and 5 is controlled at least in part by TonEBP. This hyperosmotic regulation of AQP1 and 5 could help to explain the decreased AQP1 and 5 expression during degeneration, when the osmolality of the NP decreases. Together this data suggests that TonEBP-regulated osmo-adaptation may be disrupted during IVD degeneration when the expression of both AQPs is reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. W. Snuggs
- grid.5884.10000 0001 0303 540XBiomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, City Campus, Howard Street, Sheffield, S1 1WB UK
| | - S. Tessier
- grid.265008.90000 0001 2166 5843Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - R. A. B. Bunning
- grid.5884.10000 0001 0303 540XBiomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, City Campus, Howard Street, Sheffield, S1 1WB UK
| | - I. M. Shapiro
- grid.265008.90000 0001 2166 5843Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA ,grid.265008.90000 0001 2166 5843Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - M. V. Risbud
- grid.265008.90000 0001 2166 5843Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA ,grid.265008.90000 0001 2166 5843Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - C. L. Le Maitre
- grid.5884.10000 0001 0303 540XBiomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, City Campus, Howard Street, Sheffield, S1 1WB UK
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29
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Baumgartner L, Wuertz-Kozak K, Le Maitre CL, Wignall F, Richardson SM, Hoyland J, Ruiz Wills C, González Ballester MA, Neidlin M, Alexopoulos LG, Noailly J. Multiscale Regulation of the Intervertebral Disc: Achievements in Experimental, In Silico, and Regenerative Research. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E703. [PMID: 33445782 PMCID: PMC7828304 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a major risk factor of low back pain. It is defined by a progressive loss of the IVD structure and functionality, leading to severe impairments with restricted treatment options due to the highly demanding mechanical exposure of the IVD. Degenerative changes in the IVD usually increase with age but at an accelerated rate in some individuals. To understand the initiation and progression of this disease, it is crucial to identify key top-down and bottom-up regulations' processes, across the cell, tissue, and organ levels, in health and disease. Owing to unremitting investigation of experimental research, the comprehension of detailed cell signaling pathways and their effect on matrix turnover significantly rose. Likewise, in silico research substantially contributed to a holistic understanding of spatiotemporal effects and complex, multifactorial interactions within the IVD. Together with important achievements in the research of biomaterials, manifold promising approaches for regenerative treatment options were presented over the last years. This review provides an integrative analysis of the current knowledge about (1) the multiscale function and regulation of the IVD in health and disease, (2) the possible regenerative strategies, and (3) the in silico models that shall eventually support the development of advanced therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Baumgartner
- BCN MedTech, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08018 Barcelona, Spain; (L.B.); (C.R.W.); (M.A.G.B.)
| | - Karin Wuertz-Kozak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT), Rochester, NY 14623, USA;
- Schön Clinic Munich Harlaching, Spine Center, Academic Teaching Hospital and Spine Research Institute of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg (Austria), 81547 Munich, Germany
| | - Christine L. Le Maitre
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK;
| | - Francis Wignall
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; (F.W.); (S.M.R.); (J.H.)
| | - Stephen M. Richardson
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; (F.W.); (S.M.R.); (J.H.)
| | - Judith Hoyland
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; (F.W.); (S.M.R.); (J.H.)
| | - Carlos Ruiz Wills
- BCN MedTech, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08018 Barcelona, Spain; (L.B.); (C.R.W.); (M.A.G.B.)
| | - Miguel A. González Ballester
- BCN MedTech, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08018 Barcelona, Spain; (L.B.); (C.R.W.); (M.A.G.B.)
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Pg. Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Neidlin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece; (M.N.); (L.G.A.)
| | - Leonidas G. Alexopoulos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece; (M.N.); (L.G.A.)
| | - Jérôme Noailly
- BCN MedTech, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08018 Barcelona, Spain; (L.B.); (C.R.W.); (M.A.G.B.)
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30
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Kim DH, Kim KK, Lee TH, Eom H, Kim JW, Park JW, Jeong JK, Lee BJ. Transcription Factor TonEBP Stimulates Hyperosmolality-Dependent Arginine Vasopressin Gene Expression in the Mouse Hypothalamus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:627343. [PMID: 33796071 PMCID: PMC8008816 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.627343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamic neuroendocrine system is strongly implicated in body energy homeostasis. In particular, the degree of production and release of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the hypothalamus is affected by plasma osmolality, and that hypothalamic AVP is responsible for thirst and osmolality-dependent water and metabolic balance. However, the osmolality-responsive intracellular mechanism within AVP cells that regulates AVP synthesis is not clearly understood. Here, we report a role for tonicity-responsive enhancer binding protein (TonEBP), a transcription factor sensitive to cellular tonicity, in regulating osmosensitive hypothalamic AVP gene transcription. Our immunohistochemical work shows that hypothalamic AVP cellular activity, as recognized by c-fos, was enhanced in parallel with an elevation in TonEBP expression within AVP cells following water deprivation. Interestingly, our in vitro investigations found a synchronized pattern of TonEBP and AVP gene expression in response to osmotic stress. Those results indicate a positive correlation between hypothalamic TonEBP and AVP production during dehydration. Promoter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that TonEBP can bind directly to conserved binding motifs in the 5'-flanking promoter regions of the AVP gene. Furthermore, dehydration- and TonEBP-mediated hypothalamic AVP gene activation was reduced in TonEBP haploinsufficiency mice, compared with wild TonEBP homozygote animals. Therefore, our result support the idea that TonEBP is directly necessary, at least in part, for the elevation of AVP transcription in dehydration conditions. Additionally, dehydration-induced reductions in body weight were rescued in TonEBP haploinsufficiency mice. Altogether, our results demonstrate an intracellular machinery within hypothalamic AVP cells that is responsible for dehydration-induced AVP synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hee Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Kwang Kon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Tae Hwan Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Hyejin Eom
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Jin Woo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Jin Kwon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
- *Correspondence: Byung Ju Lee, ; Jin Kwon Jeong,
| | - Byung Ju Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Byung Ju Lee, ; Jin Kwon Jeong,
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31
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Tornifoglio B, Stone AJ, Johnston RD, Shahid SS, Kerskens C, Lally C. Diffusion tensor imaging and arterial tissue: establishing the influence of arterial tissue microstructure on fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity and tractography. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20718. [PMID: 33244026 PMCID: PMC7693170 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77675-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) for providing microstructural insight into changes in arterial tissue by exploring how cell, collagen and elastin content effect fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD) and tractography. Five ex vivo porcine carotid artery models (n = 6 each) were compared-native, fixed native, collagen degraded, elastin degraded and decellularised. Vessels were imaged at 7 T using a DTI protocol with b = 0 and 800 s/mm2 and 10 isotopically distributed directions. FA and MD were evaluated in the vessel media and compared across models. FA values measured in native (p < 0.0001), fixed native (p < 0.0001) and collagen degraded (p = 0.0018, p = 0.0016, respectively) were significantly higher than those in elastin degraded and decellularised arteries. Native and fixed native had significantly lower MD values than elastin degraded (p < 0.0001) and decellularised tissue (p = 0.0032, p = 0.0003, respectively). Significantly lower MD was measured in collagen degraded compared with the elastin degraded model (p = 0.0001). Tractography yielded helically arranged tracts for native and collagen degraded vessels only. FA, MD and tractography were found to be highly sensitive to changes in the microstructural composition of arterial tissue, specifically pointing to cell, not collagen, content as the dominant source of the measured anisotropy in the vessel wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Tornifoglio
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A J Stone
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - R D Johnston
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S S Shahid
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - C Kerskens
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Lally
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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32
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhou X, Wang J, Shi M, Wang J, Li F, Chen Q. Osmolarity controls the differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells into nucleus pulposus cells via histone demethylase KDM4B. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 472:157-171. [PMID: 32594337 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03794-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are an ideal source of cells for intervertebral disc (IVD) regeneration, but the effect of an increased osmotic microenvironment on ADSC differentiation remains unclear. Here, we aimed to elucidate whether hyperosmolarity facilitates ADSC nucleus pulposus (NP)-like differentiation and whether histone demethylase KDM4B is involved in this process. ADSCs were cultured under standard and increased osmolarity conditions for 1-3 weeks, followed by analysis for proliferation and viability. Differentiation was then quantified by gene and protein analysis. Finally, KDM4B knockdown ADSCs were generated using lentiviral vectors. The results showed that increasing the osmolarity of the differentiation medium to 400 mOsm significantly increased NP-like gene expression and the synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) components during ADSC differentiation; however, further increasing the osmolarity to 500 mOsm suppressed the NP-like differentiation of ADSCs. KDM4B, as well as the IVD formation regulators forkhead box (Fox)a1/2 and sonic hedgehog (Shh), were found to be significantly upregulated at 400 mOsm. KDM4B knockdown reduced Foxa1/2, Shh, and NP-associated markers' expression, as well as the synthesis of ECM components. The reduction in NP-like differentiation caused by KDM4B knockdown was partially rescued by Purmorphamine, a specific agonist of Shh. Moreover, we found that KDM4B can directly bind to the promoter region of Foxa1/2 and decrease the content of H3K9me3/2. In conclusion, our results indicate that a potential optimal osmolarity window might exist for successful ADSC differentiation. KDM4B plays an essential role in regulating the osmolarity-induced NP-like differentiation of ADSCs by interacting with Foxa1/2-Shh signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Jingkai Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Mingmin Shi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Fangcai Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
| | - Qixin Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
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Hernandez PA, Jacobsen TD, Chahine NO. Actomyosin contractility confers mechanoprotection against TNFα-induced disruption of the intervertebral disc. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba2368. [PMID: 32875103 PMCID: PMC7438088 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba2368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation triggers degradation of intervertebral disc extracellular matrix (ECM), a hallmark of disc degeneration that contributes to back pain. Mechanosensitive nucleus pulposus cells are responsible for ECM production, yet the impact of a proinflammatory microenvironment on cell mechanobiology is unknown. Using gain- and loss-of-function approaches, we show that tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα)-induced inflammation alters cell morphology and biophysical properties (circularity, contractility, cell stiffness, and hydraulic permeability) in a mechanism dependent on actomyosin contractility in a three-dimensional (3D) culture. We found that RhoA activation rescued cells from TNFα-induced mechanobiological disruption. Using a novel explant-in-hydrogel culture system, we demonstrate that nuclear factor kappa-B nuclear translocation and transcription are mechanosensitive, and its downstream effects on ECM degradation are regulated by actomyosin contractility. Results define a scaling relationship between circularity, contractility, and hydraulic permeability that is conserved from healthy to inflammatory microenvironments and is indicative of cell mechanobiological control across scales in 3D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula A. Hernandez
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Timothy D. Jacobsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nadeen O. Chahine
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Zhao Y, Qiu C, Wang W, Peng J, Cheng X, Shangguan Y, Xu M, Li J, Qu R, Chen X, Jia S, Luo D, Liu L, Li P, Guo F, Vasilev K, Liu L, Hayball J, Dong S, Pan X, Li Y, Guo L, Cheng L, Li W. Cortistatin protects against intervertebral disc degeneration through targeting mitochondrial ROS-dependent NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Theranostics 2020; 10:7015-7033. [PMID: 32550919 PMCID: PMC7295059 DOI: 10.7150/thno.45359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a common degenerative disease that can lead to collapse or herniation of the nucleus pulposus (NP) and result in radiculopathy in patients. Methods: NP tissue and cells were isolated from patients and mice, and the expression profile of cortistatin (CST) was analysed. In addition, ageing of the NP was compared between 6-month-old WT and CST-knockout (CST-/-) mice. Furthermore, NP tissues and cells were cultured to validate the role of CST in TNF-α-induced IVD degeneration. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to identify the potential role of CST in mitochondrial dysfunction, mitochondrial ROS generation and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome during IVD degeneration. In addition, NF-κB signalling pathway activity was tested in NP tissues and cells from CST-/- mice. Results: The expression of CST in NP cells was diminished in the ageing- and TNF-α-induced IVD degeneration process. In addition, compared with WT mice, aged CST-/- mice displayed accelerated metabolic imbalance and enhanced apoptosis, and these mice showed a disorganized NP tissue structure. Moreover, TNF-α-mediated catabolism and apoptosis were alleviated by exogenous CST treatment. Furthermore, CST inhibited mitochondrial dysfunction in NP cells through IVD degeneration and suppressed activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. In vitro and ex vivo experiments indicated that increased NF-κB pathway activity might have been associated with the IVD degeneration observed in CST-/- mice. Conclusion: This study suggests the role of CST in mitochondrial ROS and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in IVD degeneration, which might shed light on therapeutic targets for IVD degeneration.
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35
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Iozzo RV, Theocharis AD, Neill T, Karamanos NK. Complexity of matrix phenotypes. Matrix Biol Plus 2020; 6-7:100038. [PMID: 33543032 PMCID: PMC7852209 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2020.100038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is engaged in an ever-evolving and elegant ballet of dynamic reciprocity that directly and bi-directionally regulates cell behavior. Homeostatic and pathophysiological changes in cell-matrix signaling cascades manifest as complex matrix phenotypes. Indeed, the extracellular matrix can be implicated in virtually every known human disease, thus, making it the most critical and dynamic "organ" in the human body. The overall goal of this Special Issue is to provide an accurate and inclusive functional definition that addresses the inherent complexity of matrix phenotypes. This goal is summarily achieved via a corpus of expertly written articles, reviews and original research, focused at answering this question empirically and fundamentally via state-of-the-art methods and research strategies.
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Key Words
- ADAM, a disintegrin and metalloproteinases
- AGE, advanced glycation end products
- Angiogenesis
- Cancer
- Collagen
- DDR1, discoidin domain receptor 1
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EGF, epidermal growth factor
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- EMILIN1, elastin microfibril interfacer 1
- EMILIN2, elastin microfibril interfacer 2
- EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- ERα, estrogen receptor α
- ERβ, estrogen receptor β
- GBM, glioblastoma
- HA, hyaluronan
- HAS2, hyaluronan synthase 2
- HAS2-AS1, HAS2 antisense 1
- HB-EGF, heparin binding EGF
- HMGA2, high-mobility group AT-Hook 2
- IBC, inflammatory breast cancer
- IGF-IR, insulin growth factor I receptor
- IR-A, insulin receptor A
- LEKTI, lympho-epithelial Kazal-type inhibitor
- LOX, lysyl oxidases
- LTBP, latent TGFβ-binding proteins
- MAGP, microfibril-associated glycoproteins
- MET, mesenchymal-epithelial transition
- MMP, matrix metalloproteinases
- Methodologies
- OB, osteoblast
- OI, osteogenesis imperfecta
- PARs, protease activated receptors
- PG, proteoglycans
- PLL, poly-l-lysine
- Proteoglycans
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- RTK, receptor tyrosine kinase
- SLRP, small leucine rich proteoglycans
- SSR, solar-simulated radiation
- TGFβ, transforming growth factor β
- TNT, tunneling nanotubes
- UVR, ultraviolet radiation
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- miR, microRNA
- tPA, tissue-type plasminogen activator
- uPA, urokinase-type plasminogen activator
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato V. Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Achilleas D. Theocharis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Thomas Neill
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Nikos K. Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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Ohnishi T, Novais EJ, Risbud MV. Alterations in ECM signature underscore multiple sub-phenotypes of intervertebral disc degeneration. Matrix Biol Plus 2020; 6-7:100036. [PMID: 33543030 PMCID: PMC7852332 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2020.100036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The intervertebral disc is a specialized connective tissue critical for absorption of mechanical loads and providing flexibility to the spinal column. The disc ECM is complex and plays a vital role in imparting tissue its biomechanical function. The central NP is primarily composed of large aggregating proteoglycans (PGs) while surrounding AF is composed of fibrillar collagens, I and II. Aggrecan and versican in particular, due to their high concentration of sulfated GAG chains form large aggregates with hyaluronic acid (HA) and provide water binding capacity to the disc. Degradation of aggrecan core protein due to aggrecanase and MMP activity, SNPs that affect number of chondroitin sulfate (CS) substitutions and alteration in enzymes critical in synthesis of CS chains can impair the aggrecan functionality. Similarly, levels of many matrix and matrix-related molecules e.g. Col2, Col9, HAS2, ccn2 are dysregulated during disc degeneration and genetic animal models have helped establish causative link between their expression and disc health. In the degenerating and herniated discs, increased levels of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 are shown to promote matrix degradation through regulating expression and activity of critical proteases and stimulate immune cell activation. Recent studies of different mouse strains have better elucidated the broader impact of spontaneous degeneration on disc matrix homeostasis. SM/J mice showed an increased cell apoptosis, loss of cell phenotype, and cleavage of aggrecan during early stages followed by tissue fibrosis evident by enrichment of several collagens, SLRPs and fibronectin. In summary, while disc degeneration encompasses wide spectrum of degenerative phenotypes extensive matrix degradation and remodeling underscores all of them. The intervertebral disc absorbs loads and provides flexibility to the spine. The ECM is complex and vital for imparting tissue its biomechanical function. Numerous types of proteoglycans and collagens designate the quality of the disc. Many matrix and matrix-related molecules are dysregulated during disc degeneration. Matrix degradation and remodeling underscores wide spectrum of phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ohnishi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Emanuel J Novais
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Makarand V Risbud
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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37
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Current perspectives on the role of biomechanical loading and genetics in development of disc degeneration and low back pain; a narrative review. J Biomech 2020; 102:109573. [PMID: 32000991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.109573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Degenerative changes in the disc have long been of interest; they are thought to be strongly associated with low back pain and caused by inappropriate loading or through injury. However, independent of the magnitude of occupational spinal loading, twin studies find that the heritability of lumbar disc degeneration is 34-74%. This finding has led to intensive searches for susceptibility genes; some genes associated with disc degeneration have been identified, though all with small effects on the degenerative process. The complex nature of degenerative changes suggests that many different genes are involved, and that interactions with environmental factors are influential in progression of degeneration. Low back pain itself also appears heritable (30-46%). The most important clinical question though, is not how discs degenerate but is disc degeneration related to low back pain. Imaging studies find many people with degenerate discs or even with discs showing pathological features such as herniations, are asymptomatic. However results are obscured by the lack of consistent definitions of the phenotypes of disc degeneration and of low back pain. Epidemiological studies could help disentangle these complex relationships, but they will only be successful once consistent classifications and phenotypes of both disc degeneration and low back pain are developed.
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38
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Tessier S, Doolittle AC, Sao K, Rotty JD, Bear JE, Ulici V, Loeser RF, Shapiro IM, Diekman BO, Risbud MV. Arp2/3 inactivation causes intervertebral disc and cartilage degeneration with dysregulated TonEBP-mediated osmoadaptation. JCI Insight 2020; 5:131382. [PMID: 31961823 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.131382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix and osmolarity influence the development and homeostasis of skeletal tissues through Rho GTPase-mediated alteration of the actin cytoskeleton. This study investigated whether the actin-branching Arp2/3 complex, a downstream effector of the Rho GTPases Cdc42 and Rac1, plays a critical role in maintaining the health of matrix-rich and osmotically loaded intervertebral discs and cartilage. Mice with constitutive intervertebral disc- and cartilage-specific deletion of the critical Arp2/3 subunit Arpc2 (Col2-Cre; Arpc2fl/fl) developed chondrodysplasia and spinal defects. Since these mice did not survive to adulthood, we generated mice with inducible Arpc2 deletion in disc and cartilage (Acan-CreERT2; Arpc2fl/fl). Inactivation of Arp2/3 at skeletal maturity resulted in growth plate closure, loss of proteoglycan content in articular cartilage, and degenerative changes in the intervertebral disc at 1 year of age. Chondrocytes with Arpc2 deletion showed compromised cell spreading on both collagen and fibronectin. Pharmacological inhibition of Cdc42 and Arp2/3 prevented the osmoadaptive transcription factor TonEBP/NFAT5 from recruiting cofactors in response to a hyperosmolarity challenge. Together, these findings suggest that Arp2/3 plays a critical role in cartilaginous tissues through the regulation of cell-extracellular matrix interactions and modulation of TonEBP-mediated osmoadaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Tessier
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College
| | - Alexandra C Doolittle
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College.,Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Jefferson College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kimheak Sao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College.,Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Jefferson College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jeremy D Rotty
- Department of Biochemistry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology.,UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - James E Bear
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology.,UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Veronica Ulici
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, and.,Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Richard F Loeser
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, and.,Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Irving M Shapiro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College.,Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Jefferson College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brian O Diekman
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill and Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Makarand V Risbud
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College.,Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Jefferson College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Farhang N, Silverman L, Bowles RD. Improving Cell Therapy Survival and Anabolism in Harsh Musculoskeletal Disease Environments. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2020; 26:348-366. [PMID: 32070243 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cell therapies are an up and coming technology in orthopedic medicine that has the potential to provide regenerative treatments for musculoskeletal disease. Despite numerous cell therapies showing preclinical success for common musculoskeletal indications of disc degeneration and osteoarthritis, there have been mixed results when testing these therapies in humans during clinical trials. A theory behind the mixed success of these cell therapies is that the harsh microenvironments of the disc and knee they are entering inhibit their anabolism and survival. Therefore, there is much ongoing research looking into how to improve the survival and anabolism of cell therapies within these musculoskeletal disease environments. This includes research into improving cell function under specific microenvironmental conditions known to exist in the intervertebral disc (IVD) and knee environment such as hypoxia, low-nutrient conditions, hyperosmolarity, acidity, and inflammation. This research also includes improving differentiation of cells into desired native cell phenotypes to better enhance their survival and anabolism in the knee and IVD. This review highlights the effects of specific musculoskeletal microenvironmental challenges on cell therapies and what research is being done to overcome these challenges. Impact statement While there has been significant clinical interest in using cell therapies for musculoskeletal pathologies in the knee and intervertebral disc, cell therapy clinical trials have had mixed outcomes. The information presented in this review includes the environmental challenges (i.e., acidic pH, inflammation, hyperosmolarity, hypoxia, and low nutrition) that cell therapies experience in these pathological musculoskeletal environments. This review summarizes studies that describe various approaches to improving the therapeutic capability of cell therapies in these harsh environments. The result is an overview of what approaches can be targeted and/or combined to develop a more consistent cell therapy for musculoskeletal pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Farhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Robby D Bowles
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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40
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Di Gregorio A. The notochord gene regulatory network in chordate evolution: Conservation and divergence from Ciona to vertebrates. Curr Top Dev Biol 2020; 139:325-374. [PMID: 32450965 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The notochord is a structure required for support and patterning of all chordate embryos, from sea squirts to humans. An increasing amount of information on notochord development and on the molecular strategies that ensure its proper morphogenesis has been gleaned through studies in the sea squirt Ciona. This invertebrate chordate offers a fortunate combination of experimental advantages, ranging from translucent, fast-developing embryos to a compact genome and impressive biomolecular resources. These assets have enabled the rapid identification of numerous notochord genes and cis-regulatory regions, and provide a rather unique opportunity to reconstruct the gene regulatory network that controls the formation of this developmental and evolutionary chordate landmark. This chapter summarizes the morphogenetic milestones that punctuate notochord formation in Ciona, their molecular effectors, and the current knowledge of the gene regulatory network that ensures the accurate spatial and temporal orchestration of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Di Gregorio
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, United States.
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Bai J, Zhang Y, Fan Q, Xu J, Shan H, Gao X, Ma Q, Sheng L, Zheng X, Cheng W, Li D, Zhang M, Hao Y, Feng L, Chen Q, Zhou X, Wang C. Reactive Oxygen Species-Scavenging Scaffold with Rapamycin for Treatment of Intervertebral Disk Degeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901186. [PMID: 31820852 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The chronic inflammatory microenvironment is characterized by the elevated level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, it is hypothesized that developing an ROS-scavenging scaffold loaded with rapamycin (Rapa@Gel) may offer a new strategy for modulating the local inflammatory microenvironment to improve intervertebral disk tissue regeneration. The therapeutic scaffold consisting of ROS-degradable hydrogel can be injected into the injured degeneration site of intervertebral disk (IVD) and can release therapeutics in a programmed manner. The ROS scavenged by scaffold reduces the inflammatory responses. It is found that when rats are treated with Rapa@Gel, this results in an increase in the percentage of M2-like macrophages and a decrease in M1-like macrophages in the inflammatory environment, respectively. Regeneration of IVD is achieved by Rapa@Gel local treatment, due to the increased M2 macrophages and reduced inflammation. This strategy may be extended to the treatment of many other inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Bai
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215004 China
| | - Yingzi Zhang
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215004 China
| | - Qin Fan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐based Functional Materials and DevicesSoochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Jialu Xu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐based Functional Materials and DevicesSoochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Huajian Shan
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215004 China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215004 China
| | - Qingle Ma
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐based Functional Materials and DevicesSoochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Lei Sheng
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215004 China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215004 China
| | - Weinan Cheng
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215004 China
| | - Dazhuang Li
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215004 China
| | - Mingchao Zhang
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215004 China
| | - Yu Hao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐based Functional Materials and DevicesSoochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Liangzhu Feng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐based Functional Materials and DevicesSoochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Qian Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐based Functional Materials and DevicesSoochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Xiaozhong Zhou
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215004 China
| | - Chao Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐based Functional Materials and DevicesSoochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
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Tessier S, Tran VA, Ottone OK, Novais EJ, Doolittle A, DiMuzio MJ, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. TonEBP-deficiency accelerates intervertebral disc degeneration underscored by matrix remodeling, cytoskeletal rearrangements, and changes in proinflammatory gene expression. Matrix Biol 2019; 87:94-111. [PMID: 31707045 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The tonicity-responsive enhancer binding protein (TonEBP) plays an important role in intervertebral disc and axial skeleton embryogenesis. However, the contribution of this osmoregulatory transcription factor in postnatal intervertebral disc homeostasis is not known in vivo. Here, we show for the first time that TonEBP-deficient mice have pronounced age-related degeneration of the intervertebral disc with annular and endplate herniations. Using FTIR-imaging spectroscopy, quantitative immunohistochemistry, and tissue-specific transcriptomic analysis, we provide morphological and molecular evidence that the overall phenotype is driven by a replacement of water-binding proteoglycans with fibrocartilaginous matrix. Whereas TonEBP deficiency in the AF compartment caused tissue fibrosis associated with alterations in actin cytoskeleton and adhesion molecules, predominant changes in pro-inflammatory pathways were seen in the NP compartment of mutants, underscoring disc compartment-specific effects. Additionally, TonEBP-deficient mice presented with compromised trabecular bone properties of vertebrae. These results provide the first in vivo support to the long-held hypothesis that TonEBP is crucial for postnatal homeostasis of the spine and controls a multitude of functions in addition to cellular osmoadaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Tessier
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Victoria A Tran
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Olivia K Ottone
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Jefferson College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emanuel J Novais
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Jefferson College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Doolittle
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Jefferson College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael J DiMuzio
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Irving M Shapiro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Jefferson College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Makarand V Risbud
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Jefferson College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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43
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Jung YK, Park HR, Cho HJ, Jang JA, Lee EJ, Han MS, Kim GW, Han S. Degrading products of chondroitin sulfate can induce hypertrophy-like changes and MMP-13/ADAMTS5 production in chondrocytes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15846. [PMID: 31676809 PMCID: PMC6825126 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52358-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is the most abundant glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in articular cartilage and the loss of CS-GAG occurs early in OA. As a major component of perichondral matrix interacting directly with chondrocytes, the active turnover of CS can affect to break the homeostasis of chondrocytes. Here we employ CS-based 3-dimensional (3D) hydrogel scaffold system to investigate how the degradation products of CS affect the catabolic phenotype of chondrocytes. The breakdown of CS-based ECM by the chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) resulted in a hypertrophy-like morphologic change in chondrocytes, which was accompanied by catabolic phenotypes, including increased MMP-13 and ADAMTS5 expression, nitric oxide (NO) production and oxidative stress. The inhibition of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) or TLR4 with OxPAPC (TLR2 and TLR4 dual inhibitor) and LPS-RS (TLR4-MD2 inhibitor) ameliorated these catabolic phenotypes of chondrocytes by CS-ECM degradation, suggesting a role of CS breakdown products as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). As downstream signals of TLRs, MAP kinases, NF-kB, NO and STAT3-related signals were responsible for the catabolic phenotypes of chondrocytes associated with ECM degradation. NO in turn reinforced the activation of MAP kinases as well as NFkB signaling pathway. Thus, these results propose that the breakdown product of CS-GAG can recapitulate the catabolic phenotypes of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Kwan Jung
- Biomedical Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ri Park
- Laboratory for arthritis and bone biology, Fatima Research Institute, Daegu Fatima hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Cho
- Laboratory for arthritis and bone biology, Fatima Research Institute, Daegu Fatima hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ae Jang
- Laboratory for arthritis and bone biology, Fatima Research Institute, Daegu Fatima hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Lee
- Laboratory for arthritis and bone biology, Fatima Research Institute, Daegu Fatima hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Su Han
- Laboratory for arthritis and bone biology, Fatima Research Institute, Daegu Fatima hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Woo Kim
- Laboratory for arthritis and bone biology, Fatima Research Institute, Daegu Fatima hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal medicine, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwoo Han
- Laboratory for arthritis and bone biology, Fatima Research Institute, Daegu Fatima hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Internal medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Nucleus pulposus primary cilia alter their length in response to changes in extracellular osmolarity but do not control TonEBP-mediated osmoregulation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15469. [PMID: 31664118 PMCID: PMC6820757 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51939-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleus pulposus (NP) cells adapt to their physiologically hyperosmotic microenvironment through Tonicity-responsive enhancer binding protein (TonEBP/nuclear factor of activated T-cell5 [NFAT5])-mediated osmoregulation. Primary cilia in different organs serve diverse roles including osmosensing, but its contribution to NP cell osmoadaptive response is unknown. A high percentage of cultured primary NP cells possessed primary cilia that changed length in response to osmotic stimuli. Stable silencing of Intraflagellar Transport 88 (Ift88) or Kinesin Family Member 3 A (Kif3a) to inhibit the formation of primary cilia did not affect hyperosmotic upregulation of TonEBP. While ShKif3a blocked hyperosmotic increase of TonEBP-Transactivation Domain (TAD) activity, overall the knockdown of either gene did not alter the hyperosmotic status of proximal promoter activities and transcription of key TonEBP targets. On the other hand, a small decrease in TonEBP level under hypoosmotic condition was attenuated by Ift88 or Kif3a knockdown. Noteworthy, none of the TonEBP target genes were responsive to hypoosmotic stimulus in control and Ift88 or Kif3a knockdown cells, suggesting the primary role of TonEBP in the hyperosmotic adaptation of NP cells. Similarly, in Kif3a null mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), the overall TonEBP-dependent hyperosmotic responses were preserved. Unlike NP cells, TonEBP targets were responsive to hypoosmolarity in wild-type MEFs, and these responses remained intact in Kif3a null MEFs. Together, these results suggest that primary cilia are dispensable for TonEBP-dependent osmoadaptive response.
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Pfannkuche JJ, Guo W, Cui S, Ma J, Lang G, Peroglio M, Richards RG, Alini M, Grad S, Li Z. Intervertebral disc organ culture for the investigation of disc pathology and regeneration - benefits, limitations, and future directions of bioreactors. Connect Tissue Res 2019; 61:304-321. [PMID: 31556329 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2019.1665652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Low back pain is the leading cause of disability worldwide and in many patients the source of pain can be attributed to pathological changes within the intervertebral disc (IVD). As present treatment options fail to address the underlying biological problem, novel therapies are currently subject to intense research. The physiologic IVD microenvironment features a highly complex interaction of biochemical and mechanical factors influencing cell metabolism and extracellular matrix turnover and is therefore difficult to simulate for research purposes on IVD pathology. The first whole organ culture models were not able to sufficiently replicate human in vivo conditions as mechanical loading, the predominant way of IVD nutrient supply and waste exchange, remained disregarded. To mimic the unique IVD niche more realistically, whole organ culture bioreactors have been developed, allowing for dynamic loading of IVDs and nutrient exchange. Recent advancements on bioreactor systems have facilitated whole organ culture of various IVDs for extended periods. IVD organ culture bioreactors have the potential to bridge the gap between in vitro and in vivo systems and thus may give valuable insights on IVD pathology and/or potential novel treatment approaches if the respective model is adjusted according to a well-defined research question. In this review, we outline the potential of currently utilized IVD bioreactor systems and present suggestions for further developments to more reliably investigate IVD biology and novel treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith-Johanna Pfannkuche
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland.,Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Albert-Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wei Guo
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland.,The first affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shangbin Cui
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland.,The first affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junxuan Ma
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Gernot Lang
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Albert-Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - R Geoff Richards
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland.,Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Albert-Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mauro Alini
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland
| | | | - Zhen Li
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland
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Hyper-osmolarity environment-induced oxidative stress injury promotes nucleus pulposus cell senescence in vitro. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20191711. [PMID: 31471533 PMCID: PMC6753320 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20191711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleus pulposus (NP) cell senescence is involved in disc degeneration. The in situ osmolarity within the NP region is an important regulator of disc cell’s biology. However, its effects on NP cell senescence remain unclear. The present study was aimed to investigate the effects and mechanism of hyper-osmolarity on NP cell senescence. Rat NP cells were cultured in the in situ-osmolarity medium and hyper-osmolarity medium. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was added along with the medium to investigate the role of oxidative injury. Cell cycle, cell proliferation, senescence associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) activity, telomerase activity, expression of senescence markers (p16 and p53) and matrix molecules (aggrecan and collagen II) were tested to assess NP cell senescence. Compared with the in situ-osmolarity culture, hyper-osmolarity culture significantly decreased cell proliferation and telomerase activity, increased SA-β-Gal activity and cell fraction in the G0/G1 phase, up-regulated expression of senescence markers (p16 and p53) and down-regulated expression of matrix molecules (aggrecan and collagen II), and increased intracellular ROS accumulation. However, addition of NAC partly reversed these effects of hyper-osmolarity culture on cellular senescence and decreased ROS content in NP cells. In conclusion, a hyper-osmolarity culture promotes NP cell senescence through inducing oxidative stress injury. The present study provides new knowledge on NP cell senescence and helps us to better understand the mechanism of disc degeneration.
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Zhang Y, Yang J, Zhou X, Wang N, Li Z, Zhou Y, Feng J, Shen D, Zhao W. Knockdown of miR-222 inhibits inflammation and the apoptosis of LPS-stimulated human intervertebral disc nucleus pulposus cells. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:1357-1365. [PMID: 31432092 PMCID: PMC6713428 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that miR‑222 is upregulated in human intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration tissues; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the mechanisms of action of miR‑222 in IVD tissues. Nucleus pulposus (NP) cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to simulate IVD degeneration. The expression level of miR‑222 was detected by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) in cells and tissues. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. Additionally, western blot analysis was used to determine the levels of Toll‑like receptor 4 (TLR4), Iκβ‑alpha (IκBα) and p65. Interleukin (IL)‑1β, tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α) and IL‑6 protein expression levels were determined by enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The target gene of miR‑222 was determined by TargetScan7.2 and dual luciferase reporter gene analysis. Western blot analysis and RT‑qPCR were used to determine the mRNA and protein levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3). The mRNA expression level of miR‑222 was found to be increased in IVD tissues and in LPS‑stimulated cells, and its expression was positively associated with the clinical MRI grade. In vitro, apoptosis was promoted/inhibited by miR‑222 mimics/inhibitors. Transfection with miR‑222 mimics/inhibitors significantly increased/decreased the production of TNF‑α, IL‑1β and IL‑6 and suppressed/enhanced collagen II and aggrecan expression. The protein levels of TLR4, p‑IκΒα and p‑p65 were upregulated/downregulated by transfection with the mimics/inhibitors. In addition, it was demonstrated that TIMP3 was a direct target gene of miR‑222, and was negatively regulated by miR‑222 in NP cells. The silencing of TIMP3 reversed the inhibitory effects of miR‑222 inhibitor on cell apoptosis, which was induced by LPS. Thus, on the whole, the findings of this study demonstrate that miR‑222 functions as a promoter of IVD development, partly via the regulation of TIMP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Spine Division, Department of Orthopedics, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning 110024, P.R. China
| | - Jiujie Yang
- Spine Division, Department of Orthopedics, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning 110024, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhou
- Spine Division, Department of Orthopedics, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning 110024, P.R. China
| | - Nan Wang
- Spine Division, Department of Orthopedics, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning 110024, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Li
- Spine Division, Department of Orthopedics, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning 110024, P.R. China
| | - Yubo Zhou
- Spine Division, Department of Orthopedics, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning 110024, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhou Feng
- Spine Division, Department of Orthopedics, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning 110024, P.R. China
| | - Dewei Shen
- Spine Division, Department of Orthopedics, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning 110024, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Spine Division, Department of Orthopedics, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning 110024, P.R. China
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Tessier S, Madhu V, Johnson ZI, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. NFAT5/TonEBP controls early acquisition of notochord phenotypic markers, collagen composition, and sonic hedgehog signaling during mouse intervertebral disc embryogenesis. Dev Biol 2019; 455:369-381. [PMID: 31301300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
High osmolarity, bound water, and hydrostatic pressure contribute to notochord mechanics and its morphogenesis into the nucleus pulposus (NP) compartment of the intervertebral disc. Indeed, the osmoadaptive transcription factor, nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5 (NFAT5 aka TonEBP), is robustly expressed by resident cells of the notochord and NP. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms that drive notochord osmoregulation and the functions of NFAT5 in disc embryogenesis remain largely unexplored. In this study, we show that deletion of NFAT5 in mice results in delayed vertebral column development and a reduced NP aspect ratio in the caudal spine. This phenotype is associated with lower levels of the T-box transcription factor, Brachyury, delayed expression of notochord phenotypic markers, and decreased collagen II deposition in the perinotochordal sheath and condensing mesenchyme. In addition, NFAT5 mutants showed a stage-dependent dysregulation of sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling with non-classical expression of Gli1. Generation of mice with notochord-specific deletion of IFT88 (ShhcreERT2;Ift88f/f) supported this mode of Gli1 regulation. Using isolated primary NP cells and bioinformatics approaches, we further show that Ptch1 and Smo expression is controlled by NFAT5 in a cell autonomous manner. Altogether, our results demonstrate that NFAT5 contributes to notochord and disc embryogenesis through its regulation of hallmark notochord phenotypic markers, extracellular matrix, and Shh signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Tessier
- Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Jefferson College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vedavathi Madhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zariel I Johnson
- Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Jefferson College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Irving M Shapiro
- Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Jefferson College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Makarand V Risbud
- Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Jefferson College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Lin W, Shi C, Wang W, Wu H, Yang C, Wang A, Shen X, Tian Y, Cao P, Yuan W. Osmolarity and calcium regulate connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) expression in nucleus pulposus cells. Gene 2019; 704:15-24. [PMID: 30965128 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of our study was to verify the hypothesis that the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2), a key molecule essential for the maintenance of nucleus pulposus (NP) matrix homeostasis, is regulated by osmolarity and intracellular calcium in NP cells. METHODS Gene and protein expression levels of CCN2 were assessed using quantitative real-time PCR and western blot. Transfections and dual luciferase assays were performed to measure the effect of hyperosmolarity, tonicity enhancer binding protein (TonEBP) and Ca2+-calcineurin (Cn)-NFAT signaling on CCN2 promoter activity. RESULTS Cultured in hyperosmotic media, there was a significant decrease in the levels of CCN2 promoter activity, gene and protein expression in NP cells. The JASPAR database was used to analyze the construction of human CCN2 promoter, we found conserved TonE and NFAT binding sites. We then investigated whether TonEBP controlled CCN2 expression. Forced expression of TonEBP in NP cells showed that TonEBP negatively regulated CCN2 promoter activity, while suppression of TonEBP induced CCN2 promoter activity and expression. We then examined if Ca2+-Cn-NFAT signaling participated in the regulation of CCN2 expression. Co-expression of CCN2 reporter with individual NFAT1-4 expression plasmids and/or calcineurin A/B constructs suggested this signaling pathway played a role in the regulation of CCN2expression in NP cells. CONCLUSIONS Results of these studies illustrated that the expression of CCN2 in NP cells was regulated by the NFAT family through a signaling pathway network involving both activator (Ca2+-Cn-NFAT signaling) and suppressor (Hyperosmolarity-TonEBP) molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Changgui Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Weiheng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Huiqiao Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - An Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Armed Police Force Hospital, Shanghai 201103, China
| | - Xiaolong Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Wen Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
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50
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Hall AC. The Role of Chondrocyte Morphology and Volume in Controlling Phenotype-Implications for Osteoarthritis, Cartilage Repair, and Cartilage Engineering. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2019; 21:38. [PMID: 31203465 PMCID: PMC6571082 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-019-0837-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Articular chondrocytes are exclusively responsible for the turnover of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of hyaline cartilage. However, chondrocytes are phenotypically unstable and, if they de-differentiate into hypertrophic or fibroblastic forms, will produce a defective and weak matrix. Chondrocyte volume and morphology exert a strong influence over phenotype and a full appreciation of the factors controlling chondrocyte phenotype stability is central to understanding (a) the mechanisms underlying the cartilage failure in osteoarthritis (OA), (b) the rationale for hyaline cartilage repair, and (c) the strategies for improving the engineering of resilient cartilage. The focus of this review is on the factors involved in, and the importance of regulating, chondrocyte morphology and volume as key controllers of chondrocyte phenotype. RECENT FINDINGS The visualisation of fluorescently-labelled in situ chondrocytes within non-degenerate and mildly degenerate cartilage, by confocal scanning laser microscopy (CLSM) and imaging software, has identified the marked heterogeneity of chondrocyte volume and morphology. The presence of chondrocytes with cytoplasmic processes, increased volume, and clustering suggests important early changes to their phenotype. Results from experiments more closely aligned to the normal physico-chemical environment of in situ chondrocytes are emphasising the importance of understanding the factors controlling chondrocyte morphology and volume that ultimately affect phenotype. An appreciation of the importance of chondrocyte volume and morphology for controlling the chondrocyte phenotype is advancing at a rapid pace and holds particular promise for developing strategies for protecting the chondrocytes against deleterious changes and thereby maintaining healthy and resilient cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Hall
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH8 9XD, UK.
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