1
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Uceda AB, Mariño L, Casasnovas R, Adrover M. An overview on glycation: molecular mechanisms, impact on proteins, pathogenesis, and inhibition. Biophys Rev 2024; 16:189-218. [PMID: 38737201 PMCID: PMC11078917 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-024-01188-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The formation of a heterogeneous set of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is the final outcome of a non-enzymatic process that occurs in vivo on long-life biomolecules. This process, known as glycation, starts with the reaction between reducing sugars, or their autoxidation products, with the amino groups of proteins, DNA, or lipids, thus gaining relevance under hyperglycemic conditions. Once AGEs are formed, they might affect the biological function of the biomacromolecule and, therefore, induce the development of pathophysiological events. In fact, the accumulation of AGEs has been pointed as a triggering factor of obesity, diabetes-related diseases, coronary artery disease, neurological disorders, or chronic renal failure, among others. Given the deleterious consequences of glycation, evolution has designed endogenous mechanisms to undo glycation or to prevent it. In addition, many exogenous molecules have also emerged as powerful glycation inhibitors. This review aims to provide an overview on what glycation is. It starts by explaining the similarities and differences between glycation and glycosylation. Then, it describes in detail the molecular mechanism underlying glycation reactions, and the bio-molecular targets with higher propensity to be glycated. Next, it discusses the precise effects of glycation on protein structure, function, and aggregation, and how computational chemistry has provided insights on these aspects. Finally, it reports the most prevalent diseases induced by glycation, and the endogenous mechanisms and the current therapeutic interventions against it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belén Uceda
- Departament de Química, Universitat de Les Illes Balears, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Ctra. Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Laura Mariño
- Departament de Química, Universitat de Les Illes Balears, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Ctra. Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Casasnovas
- Departament de Química, Universitat de Les Illes Balears, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Ctra. Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Miquel Adrover
- Departament de Química, Universitat de Les Illes Balears, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Ctra. Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain
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2
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Kamml J, Acevedo C, Kammer DS. Mineral and cross-linking in collagen fibrils: The mechanical behavior of bone tissue at the nano-scale. ARXIV 2024:arXiv:2403.11753v1. [PMID: 38562451 PMCID: PMC10984003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The mineralized collagen fibril is the main building block of hard tissues and it directly affects the macroscopic mechanics of biological tissues such as bone. The mechanical behavior of the fibril itself is determined by its structure: the content of collagen molecules, minerals, and cross-links, and the mechanical interactions and properties of these components. Advanced-Glycation-Endproducts (AGEs) cross-linking between tropocollagen molecules within the collagen fibril is one important factor that is believed to have a major influence on the tissue. For instance, it has been shown that brittleness in bone correlates with increased AGEs densities. However, the underlying nano-scale mechanisms within the mineralized collagen fibril remain unknown. Here, we study the effect of mineral and AGEs cross-linking on fibril deformation and fracture behavior by performing destructive tensile tests using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. Our results demonstrate that after exceeding a critical content of mineral, it induces stiffening of the collagen fibril at high strain levels. We show that mineral morphology and location affect collagen fibril mechanics: The mineral content at which this stiffening occurs depends on the mineral's location and morphology. Further, both, increasing AGEs density and mineral content lead to stiffening and increased peak stresses. At low mineral contents, the mechanical response of the fibril is dominated by the AGEs, while at high mineral contents, the mineral itself determines fibril mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kamml
- Institute for Building Materials, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claire Acevedo
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
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3
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Kamml J, Acevedo C, Kammer DS. Advanced-Glycation Endproducts: How cross-linking properties affect the collagen fibril behavior. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 148:106198. [PMID: 37890341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Advanced-Glycation-Endproducts (AGEs) are known to be a major cause of impaired tissue material properties. In collagen fibrils, which constitute a major building component of human tissue, these AGEs appear as fibrillar cross-links. It has been shown that when AGEs accumulate in collagen fibrils, a process often caused by diabetes and aging, the mechanical properties of the collagen fibril are altered. However, current knowledge about the mechanical properties of different types of AGEs, and their quantity in collagen fibrils is limited owing to the scarcity of available experimental data. Consequently, the precise relationship between the nano-scale cross-link properties, which differ from type to type, their density in collagen fibrils, and the mechanical properties of the collagen fibrils at larger scales remains poorly understood. In our study, we use coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations and perform destructive tensile tests on collagen fibrils to evaluate the effect of different cross-link densities and their mechanical properties on collagen fibril deformation and fracture behavior. We observe that the collagen fibril stiffens at high strain levels when either the AGEs density or the loading energy capacity of AGEs are increased. Based on our results, we demonstrate that this stiffening is caused by a mechanism that favors energy absorption via stretching rather than inter-molecular sliding. Hence, in these cross-linked collagen fibrils, the absorbed energy is stored rather than dissipated through friction, resulting in brittle fracture upon fibrillar failure. Further, by varying multiple AGEs nano-scale parameters, we show that the AGEs loading energy capacity is, aside from their density in the fibril, the unique factor determining the effect of different types of AGEs on the mechanical behavior of collagen fibrils. Our results show that knowing AGEs properties is crucial for a better understanding of the nano-scale origin of impaired tissue behavior. We further suggest that future experimental investigations should focus on the quantification of the loading energy capacity of AGEs as a key property for their influence on collagen fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kamml
- Institute for Building Materials, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claire Acevedo
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - David S Kammer
- Institute for Building Materials, ETH Zurich, Switzerland.
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4
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Xiao P, Zhang Y, Zeng Y, Yang D, Mo J, Zheng Z, Wang J, Zhang Y, Zhou Z, Zhong X, Yan W. Impaired angiogenesis in ageing: the central role of the extracellular matrix. J Transl Med 2023; 21:457. [PMID: 37434156 PMCID: PMC10334673 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04315-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Each step in angiogenesis is regulated by the extracellular matrix (ECM). Accumulating evidence indicates that ageing-related changes in the ECM driven by cellular senescence lead to a reduction in neovascularisation, reduced microvascular density, and an increased risk of tissue ischaemic injury. These changes can lead to health events that have major negative impacts on quality of life and place a significant financial burden on the healthcare system. Elucidating interactions between the ECM and cells during angiogenesis in the context of ageing is neceary to clarify the mechanisms underlying reduced angiogenesis in older adults. In this review, we summarize ageing-related changes in the composition, structure, and function of the ECM and their relevance for angiogenesis. Then, we explore in detail the mechanisms of interaction between the aged ECM and cells during impaired angiogenesis in the older population for the first time, discussing diseases caused by restricted angiogenesis. We also outline several novel pro-angiogenic therapeutic strategies targeting the ECM that can provide new insights into the choice of appropriate treatments for a variety of age-related diseases. Based on the knowledge gathered from recent reports and journal articles, we provide a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying impaired angiogenesis with age and contribute to the development of effective treatments that will enhance quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xiao
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Yuting Zeng
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Dehong Yang
- Department of Orthopedics Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jiayao Mo
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ziting Zheng
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jilei Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhiyan Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xincen Zhong
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wenjuan Yan
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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5
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Voziyan P, Uppuganti S, Leser M, Rose KL, Nyman JS. Mapping glycation and glycoxidation sites in collagen I of human cortical bone. BBA ADVANCES 2023; 3:100079. [PMID: 37082268 PMCID: PMC10074956 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2023.100079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), particularly in long-lived extracellular matrix proteins, has been implicated in pathogenesis of diabetic complications and in aging. Knowledge about specific locations of AGEs and their precursors within protein primary structure is critical for understanding their physiological and pathophysiological impact. However, the information on specific AGE sites is lacking. Here, we identified sequence positions of four major AGEs, carboxymethyllysine, carboxyethyllysine, 5-hydro-5-methyl imidazolone, and 5-hydro-imidazolone, and an AGE precursor fructosyllysine within the triple helical region of collagen I from cortical bone of human femurs. The presented map provides a basis for site-specific quantitation of AGEs and other non-enzymatic post-translational modifications and identification of those sites affected by aging, diabetes, and other diseases such as osteoporosis; it can also help in guiding future studies of AGE impact on structure and function of collagen I in bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Voziyan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, United States
| | - Sasidhar Uppuganti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Micheal Leser
- Department of Biochemistry and Proteomics Core, Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Kristie L. Rose
- Department of Biochemistry and Proteomics Core, Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Jeffry S. Nyman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, United States
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6
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Varma S, Orgel JPRO, Schieber JD. Contrasting Local and Macroscopic Effects of Collagen Hydroxylation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169068. [PMID: 34445791 PMCID: PMC8396666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen is heavily hydroxylated. Experiments show that proline hydroxylation is important to triple helix (monomer) stability, fibril assembly, and interaction of fibrils with other molecules. Nevertheless, experiments also show that even without hydroxylation, type I collagen does assemble into its native D-banded fibrillar structure. This raises two questions. Firstly, even though hydroxylation removal marginally affects macroscopic structure, how does such an extensive chemical change, which is expected to substantially reduce hydrogen bonding capacity, affect local structure? Secondly, how does such a chemical perturbation, which is expected to substantially decrease electrostatic attraction between monomers, affect collagen's mechanical properties? To address these issues, we conduct a benchmarked molecular dynamics study of rat type I fibrils in the presence and absence of hydroxylation. Our simulations reproduce the experimental observation that hydroxylation removal has a minimal effect on collagen's D-band length. We also find that the gap-overlap ratio, monomer width and monomer length are minimally affected. Surprisingly, we find that de-hydroxylation also has a minor effect on the fibril's Young's modulus, and elastic stress build up is also accompanied by tightening of triple-helix windings. In terms of local structure, de-hydroxylation does result in a substantial drop (23%) in inter-monomer hydrogen bonding. However, at the same time, the local structures and inter-monomer hydrogen bonding networks of non-hydroxylated amino acids are also affected. It seems that it is this intrinsic plasticity in inter-monomer interactions that preclude fibrils from undergoing any large changes in macroscopic properties. Nevertheless, changes in local structure can be expected to directly impact collagen's interaction with extra-cellular matrix proteins. In general, this study highlights a key challenge in tissue engineering and medicine related to mapping collagen chemistry to macroscopic properties but suggests a path forward to address it using molecular dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Varma
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Joseph P. R. O. Orgel
- Department of Biology, Department of Physics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA;
| | - Jay D. Schieber
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA;
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7
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Onursal C, Dick E, Angelidis I, Schiller HB, Staab-Weijnitz CA. Collagen Biosynthesis, Processing, and Maturation in Lung Ageing. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:593874. [PMID: 34095157 PMCID: PMC8172798 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.593874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to providing a macromolecular scaffold, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a critical regulator of cell function by virtue of specific physical, biochemical, and mechanical properties. Collagen is the main ECM component and hence plays an essential role in the pathogenesis and progression of chronic lung disease. It is well-established that many chronic lung diseases, e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) primarily manifest in the elderly, suggesting increased susceptibility of the aged lung or accumulated alterations in lung structure over time that favour disease. Here, we review the main steps of collagen biosynthesis, processing, and turnover and summarise what is currently known about alterations upon lung ageing, including changes in collagen composition, modification, and crosslinking. Recent proteomic data on mouse lung ageing indicates that, while the ER-resident machinery of collagen biosynthesis, modification and triple helix formation appears largely unchanged, there are specific changes in levels of type IV and type VI as well as the two fibril-associated collagens with interrupted triple helices (FACIT), namely type XIV and type XVI collagens. In addition, levels of the extracellular collagen crosslinking enzyme lysyl oxidase are decreased, indicating less enzymatically mediated collagen crosslinking upon ageing. The latter contrasts with the ageing-associated increase in collagen crosslinking by advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs), a result of spontaneous reactions of protein amino groups with reactive carbonyls, e.g., from monosaccharides or reactive dicarbonyls like methylglyoxal. Given the slow turnover of extracellular collagen such modifications accumulate even more in ageing tissues. In summary, the collective evidence points mainly toward age-induced alterations in collagen composition and drastic changes in the molecular nature of collagen crosslinks. Future work addressing the consequences of these changes may provide important clues for prevention of lung disease and for lung bioengineering and ultimately pave the way to novel targeted approaches in lung regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceylan Onursal
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Dick
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Ilias Angelidis
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Herbert B Schiller
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia A Staab-Weijnitz
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
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8
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Nash A, Noh SY, Birch HL, de Leeuw NH. Lysine-arginine advanced glycation end-product cross-links and the effect on collagen structure: A molecular dynamics study. Proteins 2020; 89:521-530. [PMID: 33320391 PMCID: PMC8048459 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of advanced glycation end‐products is a fundamental process that is central to age‐related decline in musculoskeletal tissues and locomotor system function and other collagen‐rich tissues. However, although computational studies of advanced glycation end‐product cross‐links could be immensely valuable, this area remains largely unexplored given the limited availability of structural parameters for the derivation of force fields for Molecular Dynamics simulations. In this article, we present the bonded force constants, atomic partial charges and geometry of the arginine‐lysine cross‐links DOGDIC, GODIC, and MODIC. We have performed in vacuo Molecular Dynamics simulations to validate their implementation against quantum mechanical frequency calculations. A DOGDIC advanced glycation end‐product cross‐link was then inserted into a model collagen fibril to explore structural changes of collagen and dynamics in interstitial water. Unlike our previous studies of glucosepane, our findings suggest that intra‐collagen DOGDIC cross‐links furthers intra‐collagen peptide hydrogen‐bonding and does not promote the diffusion of water through the collagen triple helices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Nash
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sang Young Noh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Helen L Birch
- Department of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, Stanmore Campus, University College London, London, UK
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9
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Streeter MD, Rowan S, Ray J, McDonald DM, Volkin J, Clark J, Taylor A, Spiegel DA. Generation and Characterization of Anti-Glucosepane Antibodies Enabling Direct Detection of Glucosepane in Retinal Tissue. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:2655-2661. [PMID: 32975399 PMCID: PMC10625846 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Although there is ample evidence that the advanced glycation end-product (AGE) glucosepane contributes to age-related morbidities and diabetic complications, the impact of glucosepane modifications on proteins has not been extensively explored due to the lack of sufficient analytical tools. Here, we report the development of the first polyclonal anti-glucosepane antibodies using a synthetic immunogen that contains the core bicyclic ring structure of glucosepane. We investigate the recognition properties of these antibodies through ELISAs involving an array of synthetic AGE derivatives and determine them to be both high-affinity and selective in binding glucosepane. We then employ these antibodies to image glucosepane in aging mouse retinae via immunohistochemistry. Our studies demonstrate for the first time accumulation of glucosepane within the retinal pigment epithelium, Bruch's membrane, and choroid: all regions of the eye impacted by age-related macular degeneration. Co-localization studies further suggest that glucosepane colocalizes with lipofuscin, which has previously been associated with lysosomal dysfunction and has been implicated in the development of age-related macular degeneration, among other diseases. We believe that the anti-glucosepane antibodies described in this study will prove highly useful for examining the role of glycation in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Streeter
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Sheldon Rowan
- Tufts University, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, 711 Washington Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, United States
| | - Jason Ray
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - David M McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Jonathan Volkin
- Tufts University, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, 711 Washington Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, United States
| | - Jonathan Clark
- Biological Chemistry Laboratory, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB21 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Allen Taylor
- Tufts University, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, 711 Washington Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, United States
| | - David A Spiegel
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
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10
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Kumar L, Nash A, Harms C, Planas-Iglesias J, Wright D, Klein-Seetharaman J, Sarkar SK. Allosteric Communications between Domains Modulate the Activity of Matrix Metalloprotease-1. Biophys J 2020; 119:360-374. [PMID: 32585130 PMCID: PMC7376139 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An understanding of the structure-dynamics relationship is essential for understanding how a protein works. Prior research has shown that the activity of a protein correlates with intradomain dynamics occurring at picosecond to millisecond timescales. However, the correlation between interdomain dynamics and the function of a protein is poorly understood. Here, we show that communications between the catalytic and hemopexin domains of matrix metalloprotease-1 (MMP1) on type 1 collagen fibrils correlate with its activity. Using single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer, we identified functionally relevant open conformations in which the two MMP1 domains are well separated, which were significantly absent for catalytically inactive point mutant (E219Q) of MMP1 and could be modulated by an inhibitor or an enhancer of activity. The observed relevance of open conformations resolves the debate about the roles of open and closed MMP1 structures in function. We fitted the histograms of single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer values to a sum of two Gaussians and the autocorrelations to an exponential and power law. We used a two-state Poisson process to describe the dynamics and calculate the kinetic rates from the fit parameters. All-atom and coarse-grained simulations reproduced some of the experimental features and revealed substrate-dependent MMP1 dynamics. Our results suggest that an interdomain separation facilitates opening up the catalytic pocket so that the collagen chains come closer to the MMP1 active site. Coordination of functional conformations at different parts of MMP1 occurs via allosteric communications that can take place via interactions mediated by collagen even if the linker between the domains is absent. Modeling dynamics as a Poisson process enables connecting the picosecond timescales of molecular dynamics simulations with the millisecond timescales of single-molecule measurements. Water-soluble MMP1 interacting with water-insoluble collagen fibrils poses challenges for biochemical studies that the single-molecule tracking can overcome for other insoluble substrates. Interdomain communications are likely important for multidomain proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokender Kumar
- Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado
| | - Anthony Nash
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Chase Harms
- Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado
| | - Joan Planas-Iglesias
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Derek Wright
- Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado
| | - Judith Klein-Seetharaman
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado
| | - Susanta K Sarkar
- Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado.
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11
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Baldwin SJ, Sampson J, Peacock CJ, Martin ML, Veres SP, Lee JM, Kreplak L. A new longitudinal variation in the structure of collagen fibrils and its relationship to locations of mechanical damage susceptibility. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 110:103849. [PMID: 32501220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The hierarchical architecture of the collagen fibril is well understood, involving non-integer staggering of collagen molecules which results in a 67 nm periodic molecular density variation termed D-banding. Other than this variation, collagen fibrils are considered to be homogeneous at the micro-scale and beyond. Interestingly, serial kink structures have been shown to form at discrete locations along the length of collagen fibrils from some mechanically overloaded tendons. The formation of these kinks at discrete locations along the length of fibrils (discrete plasticity) may indicate pre-existing structural variations at a length scale greater than that of the D-banding. Using a high velocity nanomechanical mapping technique, 25 tendon collagen fibrils, were mechanically and structurally mapped along 10 μm of their length in dehydrated and hydrated states with resolutions of 20 nm and 8 nm respectively. Analysis of the variation in hydrated indentation modulus along individual collagen fibrils revealed a micro-scale structural variation not observed in the hydrated or dehydrated structural maps. The spacing distribution of this variation was similar to that observed for inter-kink distances seen in SEM images of discrete plasticity type damage. We propose that longitudinal variation in collagen fibril structure leads to localized mechanical susceptibility to damage under overload. Furthermore, we suggest that this variation has its origins in heterogeneous crosslink density along the length of collagen fibrils. The presence of pre-existing sites of mechanical vulnerability along the length of collagen fibrils may be important to biological remodeling of tendon, with mechanically-activated sites having distinct protein binding capabilities and enzyme susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Baldwin
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Sir James Dunn Building, 6310 Coburg Road, Main Office Rm 218, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Josh Sampson
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Sir James Dunn Building, 6310 Coburg Road, Main Office Rm 218, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Christopher J Peacock
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Sir James Dunn Building, 6310 Coburg Road, Main Office Rm 218, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Meghan L Martin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, 5981 University Avenue, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Samuel P Veres
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, 5981 University Avenue, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada; Division of Engineering, Saint Mary's University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - J Michael Lee
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, 5981 University Avenue, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada; Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Dalhousie University, 5981 University Avenue, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Laurent Kreplak
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Sir James Dunn Building, 6310 Coburg Road, Main Office Rm 218, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, 5981 University Avenue, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
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12
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Hudson DM, Archer M, King KB, Eyre DR. Glycation of type I collagen selectively targets the same helical domain lysine sites as lysyl oxidase-mediated cross-linking. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:15620-15627. [PMID: 30143533 PMCID: PMC6177574 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonenzymatic glycation of collagen has long been associated with the progressive secondary complications of diabetes. How exactly such random glycations result in impaired tissues is still poorly understood. Because of the slow turnover rate of most fibrillar collagens, they are more susceptible to accumulate time-dependent glycations and subsequent advanced glycation end-products. The latter are believed to include cross-links that stiffen host tissues. However, diabetic animal models have also displayed weakened tendons with reduced stiffness. Strikingly, not a single experimentally identified specific molecular site of glycation in a collagen has been reported. Here, using targeted MS, we have identified partial fructosyl-hydroxylysine glycations at each of the helical domain cross-linking sites of type I collagen that are elevated in tissues from a diabetic mouse model. Glycation was not found at any other collagen lysine residues. Type I collagen in mouse tendons is cross-linked intermolecularly by acid-labile aldimine bonds formed by the addition of telopeptide lysine aldehydes to hydroxylysine residues at positions α1(I)Lys87, α1(I)Lys930, α2(I)Lys87, and α2(I)Lys933 of the triple helix. Our data reveal that site-specific glycations of these specific lysines may significantly impair normal lysyl oxidase-controlled cross-linking in diabetic tendons. We propose that such N-linked glycations can hinder the normal cross-linking process, thus altering the content and/or placement of mature cross-links with the potential to modify tissue material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Hudson
- From the Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 and
| | - Marilyn Archer
- From the Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 and
| | - Karen B King
- the Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - David R Eyre
- From the Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 and
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13
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Abstract
The hierarchical structure of tendon allows for attenuation of mechanical strain down decreasing length scales. While reorganization of collagen fibers accounts for microscale strain attenuation, cross-linking between collagen molecules contributes to deformation mechanisms at the fibrillar and molecular scales. Divalent and trivalent enzymatic cross-links form during the development of collagen fibrils through the enzymatic activity of lysyl oxidase (LOX). By establishing connections between telopeptidyl and triple-helical domains of adjacent molecules within collagen fibrils, these cross-links stiffen the fibrils by resisting intermolecular sliding. Ultimately, greater enzymatic cross-linking leads to less compliant and stronger tendon as a result of stiffer fibrils. In contrast, nonenzymatic cross-links such as glucosepane and pentosidine are not produced during development but slowly accumulate through glycation of collagen. Therefore, these cross-links are only expected to be present in significant quantities in advanced age, where there has been sufficient time for glycation to occur, and in diabetes, where the presence of more free sugar in the extracellular matrix increases the rate of glycation. Unlike enzymatic cross-links, current evidence suggests that nonenzymatic cross-links are at least partially isolated to the surface of collagen fibers. As a result, glycation has been proposed to primarily impact tendon mechanics by altering molecular interactions at the fiber interface, thereby diminishing sliding between fibers. Thus, increased nonenzymatic cross-linking decreases microscale strain attenuation and the viscous response of tendon. In conclusion, enzymatic and nonenzymatic collagen cross-links have demonstrable and distinct effects on the mechanical properties of tendon across different length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D Eekhoff
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis , USA
| | - Fei Fang
- b Department of Orthopedic Surgery , Columbia University , New York , USA
| | - Spencer P Lake
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis , USA.,c Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science , Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis , USA.,d Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis , USA
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14
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Collier TA, Nash A, Birch HL, de Leeuw NH. Relative orientation of collagen molecules within a fibril: a homology model for homo sapiens type I collagen. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018; 37:537-549. [PMID: 29380684 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1433553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Type I collagen is an essential extracellular protein that plays an important structural role in tissues that require high tensile strength. However, owing to the molecule's size, to date no experimental structural data are available for the Homo sapiens species. Therefore, there is a real need to develop a reliable homology model and a method to study the packing of the collagen molecules within the fibril. Through the use of the homology model and implementation of a novel simulation technique, we have ascertained the orientations of the collagen molecules within a fibril, which is currently below the resolution limit of experimental techniques. The longitudinal orientation of collagen molecules within a fibril has a significant effect on the mechanical and biological properties of the fibril, owing to the different amino acid side chains available at the interface between the molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Collier
- a Institute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences , Massey University , Auckland 0632 , New Zealand
| | - Anthony Nash
- b Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics , University of Oxford , South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX , UK
| | - Helen L Birch
- c Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, UCL, RNOH Stanmore Campus , London , UK
| | - Nora H de Leeuw
- d School of Chemistry , Cardiff University , Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT , UK
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15
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Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides the environment for many cells types within the body and, in addition to the well recognised role as a structural support, influences many important cell process within the body. As a result, age-related changes to the proteins of the ECM have far reaching consequences with the potential to disrupt many different aspects of homeostasis and healthy function. The proteins collagen and elastin are the most abundant in the ECM and their ability to function as a structural support and provide mechanical stability results from the formation of supra-molecular structures. Collagen and elastin have a long half-life, as required by their structural role, which leaves them vulnerable to a range of post-translational modifications. In this chapter the role of the ECM is discussed and the component proteins introduced. Major age-related modifications including glycation, carbamylation and fragmentation and the impact these have on ECM function are reviewed.
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16
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Collier TA, Nash A, Birch HL, de Leeuw NH. Effect on the mechanical properties of type I collagen of intra-molecular lysine-arginine derived advanced glycation end-product cross-linking. J Biomech 2017; 67:55-61. [PMID: 29254633 PMCID: PMC5773075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Non-enzymatic advanced glycation end product (AGE) cross-linking of collagen molecules has been hypothesised to result in significant changes to the mechanical properties of the connective tissues within the body, potentially resulting in a number of age related diseases. We have investigated the effect of two of these cross-links, glucosepane and DOGDIC, on the tensile and lateral moduli of the collagen molecule through the use of a steered molecular dynamics approach, using previously identified preferential formation sites for intra-molecular cross-links. Our results show that the presence of intra-molecular AGE cross-links increases the tensile and lateral Young's moduli in the low strain domain by between 3.0-8.5% and 2.9-60.3% respectively, with little effect exhibited at higher strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Collier
- Institute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand
| | - A Nash
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, United Kingdom
| | - H L Birch
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, UCL, RNOH Stanmore Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - N H de Leeuw
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 1DF, United Kingdom.
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17
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Ahmed T, Nash A, Clark KE, Ghibaudo M, de Leeuw NH, Potter A, Stratton R, Birch HL, Enea Casse R, Bozec L. Combining nano-physical and computational investigations to understand the nature of "aging" in dermal collagen. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:3303-3314. [PMID: 28461747 PMCID: PMC5407446 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s121400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix of the dermis is a complex, dynamic system with the various dermal components undergoing individual physiologic changes as we age. Age-related changes in the physical properties of collagen were investigated in particular by measuring the effect of aging, most likely due to the accumulation of advanced glycation end product (AGE) cross-links, on the nanomechanical properties of the collagen fibril using atomic force microscope nano-indentation. An age-related decrease in the Young’s modulus of the transverse fibril was observed (from 8.11 to 4.19 GPa in young to old volunteers, respectively, P<0.001). It is proposed that this is due to a change in the fibril density caused by age-related differences in water retention within the fibrils. The new collagen–water interaction mechanism was verified by electronic structure calculations, showing it to be energetically feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Ahmed
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London
| | - Anthony Nash
- Department of Chemistry, University College London
| | - Kristina En Clark
- Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Anne Potter
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Richard Stratton
- Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Helen L Birch
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, UCL Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Laurent Bozec
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London
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18
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Collier TA, Nash A, Birch HL, de Leeuw NH. Intra-molecular lysine-arginine derived advanced glycation end-product cross-linking in Type I collagen: A molecular dynamics simulation study. Biophys Chem 2016; 218:42-46. [PMID: 27648753 PMCID: PMC5068345 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Covalently cross-linked advanced glycation end products (AGE) are among the major post-translational modifications to proteins as a result of non-enzymatic glycation. The formation of AGEs has been shown to have adverse effects on the properties of the collagenous tissue; they are even linked to a number of age related disorders. Little is known about the sites at which these AGEs form or why certain sites within the collagen are energetically more favourable than others. In this study we have used a proven fully atomistic molecular dynamics approach to identify six sites where the formation of the intra-molecular 3-deoxyglucosone-derived imidazolium cross-link (DOGDIC) is energetically favourable. We have also conducted a comparison of these positions with those of the more abundant glucosepane cross-link, to determine any site preference. We show that when we consider both lysine and arginine AGEs, they exhibit a prevalence to form within the gap region of the collagen fibril.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Collier
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Nash
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Helen L Birch
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, UCL, RNOH Stanmore Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nora H de Leeuw
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom; School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 1DF, United Kingdom.
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Nash A, Saßmannshausen J, Bozec L, Birch HL, de Leeuw NH. Computational study of glucosepane–water and hydrogen bond formation: an electron topology and orbital analysis. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:1127-1137. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1172026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Nash
- Department of Chemistry, University College London , London, UK
| | | | - Laurent Bozec
- Eastman Dental Institute, University College London , London, UK
| | - Helen L. Birch
- Institute of Orthopaedics & Musculoskeletal Science, University College London , London, UK
| | - Nora H. de Leeuw
- Department of Chemistry, University College London , London, UK
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University , Cardiff, UK
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20
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Influence of Ageing on Tendon Homeostasis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 920:247-60. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-33943-6_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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