1
|
Rosati D, Mastino P, Romeo M, de Soccio G, Pentangelo D, Petrella C, Barbato C, Minni A. Taste and Smell Alterations (TSAs) in Cancer Patients. Diseases 2024; 12:130. [PMID: 38920562 PMCID: PMC11203271 DOI: 10.3390/diseases12060130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, smell and taste disorders have seen renewed interest, as these symptoms are frequent complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection, since approximately 60% of patients affected by COVID-19 have shown olfactory and gustatory alterations. Otolaryngology pays attention to taste and smell abnormalities (TSAs), especially when associated with oncology. TSAs are common symptoms in people affected by cancer, yet they are ignored and underestimated. The clinical outcome of TSAs in cancer evidences the importance of identifying them with chemotherapy or radiotherapy in general, and they are associated with many types of cancer. We recognize the findings of the literature on TSAs in cancer, evaluating how it is important to consider and identify these disorders concerning reduced food enjoyment or inappropriate nutrient intake, and modulating the nutritional status, quality of life, and impact of therapy. This review aims to critically evaluate and recognize the assessment and clinical perspectives of taste and smell disorders in a cancer population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Rosati
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ospedale San Camillo de Lellis, ASL Rieti-Sapienza University, Viale Kennedy, 02100 Rieti, Italy; (D.R.); (P.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Pierluigi Mastino
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ospedale San Camillo de Lellis, ASL Rieti-Sapienza University, Viale Kennedy, 02100 Rieti, Italy; (D.R.); (P.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Martina Romeo
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ospedale San Camillo de Lellis, ASL Rieti-Sapienza University, Viale Kennedy, 02100 Rieti, Italy; (D.R.); (P.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Giulia de Soccio
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ospedale San Camillo de Lellis, ASL Rieti-Sapienza University, Viale Kennedy, 02100 Rieti, Italy; (D.R.); (P.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Daniele Pentangelo
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ospedale San Camillo de Lellis, ASL Rieti-Sapienza University, Viale Kennedy, 02100 Rieti, Italy; (D.R.); (P.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Carla Petrella
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Roma, Italy;
| | - Christian Barbato
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Roma, Italy;
| | - Antonio Minni
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ospedale San Camillo de Lellis, ASL Rieti-Sapienza University, Viale Kennedy, 02100 Rieti, Italy; (D.R.); (P.M.); (M.R.)
- Department of Sense Organs DOS, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Roma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hummel T, Power Guerra N, Gunder N, Hähner A, Menzel S. Olfactory Function and Olfactory Disorders. Laryngorhinootologie 2023; 102:S67-S92. [PMID: 37130532 PMCID: PMC10184680 DOI: 10.1055/a-1957-3267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The sense of smell is important. This became especially clear to patients with infection-related olfactory loss during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We react, for example, to the body odors of other humans. The sense of smell warns us of danger, and it allows us to perceive flavors when eating and drinking. In essence, this means quality of life. Therefore, anosmia must be taken seriously. Although olfactory receptor neurons are characterized by regenerative capacity, anosmia is relatively common with about 5 % of anosmic people in the general population. Olfactory disorders are classified according to their causes (e. g., infections of the upper respiratory tract, traumatic brain injury, chronic rhinosinusitis, age) with the resulting different therapeutic options and prognoses. Thorough history taking is therefore important. A wide variety of tools are available for diagnosis, ranging from short screening tests and detailed multidimensional test procedures to electrophysiological and imaging methods. Thus, quantitative olfactory disorders are easily assessable and traceable. For qualitative olfactory disorders such as parosmia, however, no objectifying diagnostic procedures are currently available. Therapeutic options for olfactory disorders are limited. Nevertheless, there are effective options consisting of olfactory training as well as various additive drug therapies. The consultation and the competent discussion with the patients are of major importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Hummel
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum Riechen und Schmecken, HNO Klinik, TU Dresden
| | - N Power Guerra
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institut für Experimentelle Chirurgie, Medizinische Universität Rostock, Rostock
| | - N Gunder
- Universitäts-HNO Klinik Dresden, Dresden
| | - A Hähner
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum Riechen und Schmecken, HNO Klinik, TU Dresden
| | - S Menzel
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum Riechen und Schmecken, HNO Klinik, TU Dresden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Patel ZM, Holbrook EH, Turner JH, Adappa ND, Albers MW, Altundag A, Appenzeller S, Costanzo RM, Croy I, Davis GE, Dehgani-Mobaraki P, Doty RL, Duffy VB, Goldstein BJ, Gudis DA, Haehner A, Higgins TS, Hopkins C, Huart C, Hummel T, Jitaroon K, Kern RC, Khanwalkar AR, Kobayashi M, Kondo K, Lane AP, Lechner M, Leopold DA, Levy JM, Marmura MJ, Mclelland L, Miwa T, Moberg PJ, Mueller CA, Nigwekar SU, O'Brien EK, Paunescu TG, Pellegrino R, Philpott C, Pinto JM, Reiter ER, Roalf DR, Rowan NR, Schlosser RJ, Schwob J, Seiden AM, Smith TL, Soler ZM, Sowerby L, Tan BK, Thamboo A, Wrobel B, Yan CH. International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: Olfaction. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2022; 12:327-680. [PMID: 35373533 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The literature regarding clinical olfaction, olfactory loss, and olfactory dysfunction has expanded rapidly over the past two decades, with an exponential rise in the past year. There is substantial variability in the quality of this literature and a need to consolidate and critically review the evidence. It is with that aim that we have gathered experts from around the world to produce this International Consensus on Allergy and Rhinology: Olfaction (ICAR:O). METHODS Using previously described methodology, specific topics were developed relating to olfaction. Each topic was assigned a literature review, evidence-based review, or evidence-based review with recommendations format as dictated by available evidence and scope within the ICAR:O document. Following iterative reviews of each topic, the ICAR:O document was integrated and reviewed by all authors for final consensus. RESULTS The ICAR:O document reviews nearly 100 separate topics within the realm of olfaction, including diagnosis, epidemiology, disease burden, diagnosis, testing, etiology, treatment, and associated pathologies. CONCLUSION This critical review of the existing clinical olfaction literature provides much needed insight and clarity into the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with olfactory dysfunction, while also clearly delineating gaps in our knowledge and evidence base that we should investigate further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zara M Patel
- Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Eric H Holbrook
- Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Justin H Turner
- Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nithin D Adappa
- Otolaryngology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark W Albers
- Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aytug Altundag
- Otolaryngology, Biruni University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Simone Appenzeller
- Rheumatology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Richard M Costanzo
- Physiology and Biophysics and Otolaryngology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Ilona Croy
- Psychology and Psychosomatic Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Greg E Davis
- Otolaryngology, Proliance Surgeons, Seattle and Puyallup, Washington, USA
| | - Puya Dehgani-Mobaraki
- Associazione Naso Sano, Umbria Regional Registry of Volunteer Activities, Corciano, Italy
| | - Richard L Doty
- Smell and Taste Center, Otolaryngology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Valerie B Duffy
- Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - David A Gudis
- Otolaryngology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Antje Haehner
- Smell and Taste, Otolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas S Higgins
- Otolaryngology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Claire Hopkins
- Otolaryngology, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals, London Bridge Hospital, London, UK
| | - Caroline Huart
- Otorhinolaryngology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholgique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Smell and Taste, Otolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Robert C Kern
- Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ashoke R Khanwalkar
- Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Masayoshi Kobayashi
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Kenji Kondo
- Otolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Andrew P Lane
- Otolaryngology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Matt Lechner
- Otolaryngology, Barts Health and University College London, London, UK
| | - Donald A Leopold
- Otolaryngology, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Joshua M Levy
- Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael J Marmura
- Neurology Thomas Jefferson University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lisha Mclelland
- Otolaryngology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Takaki Miwa
- Otolaryngology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Paul J Moberg
- Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Sagar U Nigwekar
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erin K O'Brien
- Otolaryngology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Teodor G Paunescu
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Carl Philpott
- Otolaryngology, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Jayant M Pinto
- Otolaryngology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Evan R Reiter
- Otolaryngology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - David R Roalf
- Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicholas R Rowan
- Otolaryngology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rodney J Schlosser
- Otolaryngology, Medical University of South Carolina, Mt Pleasant, South Carolina, USA
| | - James Schwob
- Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Allen M Seiden
- Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Timothy L Smith
- Otolaryngology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Zachary M Soler
- Otolaryngology, Medical University of South Carolina, Mt Pleasant, South Carolina, USA
| | - Leigh Sowerby
- Otolaryngology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bruce K Tan
- Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrew Thamboo
- Otolaryngology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bozena Wrobel
- Otolaryngology, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Carol H Yan
- Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mozzanica F, Ferrulli A, Vujosevic S, Montuori A, Cardella A, Preti A, Ambrogi F, Schindler A, Terruzzi I, Ottaviani F, Luzi L. Olfactory disfunction and diabetic complications in type 2 diabetic patients: a pilot study. Endocrine 2022; 75:760-767. [PMID: 34628556 PMCID: PMC8501919 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02897-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Scarce information on the prevalence and characteristics of olfactory disfunction (OD) in type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients are available. The aims of this study were (1) to assess the olfactory function in T2D patients and to compare it with a control group of individuals without T2D, and (2) to evaluate the differences in OD within T2D patients according to the presence of diabetic complications. METHODS A group of 39 T2D patients and a control group of 39 healthy individuals were enrolled. Each subject underwent an evaluation of the olfactory performance using the Sniffing Olfactory Screening Test (SOST) and completed a questionnaire assessing the subjective perception of olfaction. According to the presence of diabetic complications, the group of T2D patients was divided into two subgroups. Non-parametric tests and regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS No differences in the subjective perception of olfaction were demonstrated among T2D patients (with and without complications) and controls. A significant difference for the SOST score was demonstrated among the different groups. In particular, OD was more frequent in T2D patients than in controls. In addition, OD was far more frequent in T2D patients with complications. Regression analysis did not demonstrate any significant association between OD and clinical/demographic characteristics of T2D patients. CONCLUSION T2D patients were more frequently affected by OD. The subgroup analysis suggested a possible relationship between OD and diabetic complications since patients with T2D diabetic complications demonstrated lower olfactory abilities than controls subjects and T2D patients without diabetic complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mozzanica
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Anna Ferrulli
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stela Vujosevic
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Eye Clinic, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Arianna Cardella
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Preti
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Ambrogi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Schindler
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical sciences "L. Sacco", Luigi Sacco University Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ileana Terruzzi
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Ottaviani
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Livio Luzi
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Two Sisters with Kallmann Syndrome, Gonadal Dysgenesis, and Multiple Neuromuscular and Endocrine Disorders: Report of Two Cases with Description of an Unusual Association. Reprod Sci 2022; 29:2859-2863. [PMID: 35199317 PMCID: PMC9537203 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-00897-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Kallmann syndrome (KS) is an uncommon genetic disorder characterized by isolated congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) and anosmia/hyposmia. KS originates from abnormal embryonic migration of olfactory axons and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-synthesizing neurons. It can be challenging to diagnose due to its heterogeneous clinical presentation and genes implied. Herein, we report a rare phenotype of KS in two sisters accompanied by a variety of nonreproductive disorders such as hypoparathyroidism, hypercortisolism, atrophy of the cerebellum, intellectual disability, and remarkably, ovarian dysgenesis. Additionally, both subjects present muscle weakness, exercise intolerance, marked hypotonia and seizures, being suspected, although not fully confirmed, mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. These cases illustrate the heterogeneous clinical presentation and the diagnostic difficulties often found in patients suffering from this condition. These clinical features have never been described before as associated with KS; therefore, we decided to report this novel KS phenotype.
Collapse
|
6
|
Gevorkov AR, Boyko AV, Volkova EE, Shashkov SV. Prevalence, clinical significance and possible correction of taste and smell abnormalities in patients with oncological diseases. HEAD AND NECK TUMORS (HNT) 2019. [DOI: 10.17650/2222-1468-2019-9-2-53-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. R. Gevorkov
- P.A. Hertzen Moscow Oncology Research Institute — branch of the National Medical Research Radiology Center of the Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - A. V. Boyko
- P.A. Hertzen Moscow Oncology Research Institute — branch of the National Medical Research Radiology Center of the Ministry of Health of Russia
| | | | - S. V. Shashkov
- P.A. Hertzen Moscow Oncology Research Institute — branch of the National Medical Research Radiology Center of the Ministry of Health of Russia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Alterations in the ability to smell or taste are of considerable consequence, impacting quality of life, safety, nutrition, and dietary activities. These primary senses are influenced by a wide range of systemic diseases and disorders that commonly involve the entire body. These include viral, bacterial, fungal, protozoal, cestode, and nematode infections that can spread throughout the gastric, lymphatic, neural, or circulatory systems as well as classic autoimmune disorders, collagen diseases, diabetes, and hypertension, and others. Although a considerable literature has evolved in which the function of both taste and smell has been assessed in a number of such disorders, quantitative chemosensory testing is still relatively rare with many disorders not receiving empirical assessment. Incongruent findings are not uncommon. This chapter reviews what is known about the influences of a wide spectrum of systemic diseases and disorders on the abilities to taste and smell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Doty
- Smell and Taste Center and Department of Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Salihoglu M, Kurt O, Ay SA, Baskoy K, Altundag A, Saglam M, Deniz F, Tekeli H, Yonem A, Hummel T. Retro- and orthonasal olfactory function in relation to olfactory bulb volume in patients with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 84:630-637. [PMID: 28870428 PMCID: PMC9452275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism with an olfactory deficit is defined as Kallmann syndrome and is distinct from normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Objective Because olfactory perception not only consists of orthonasally gained impressions but also involves retronasal olfactory function, in this study we decided to comprehensively evaluate both retronasal and orthonasal olfaction in patients with idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Methods This case-control study included 31 controls and 45 idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism patients. All participants whose olfactory and taste functions were evaluated with orthonasal olfaction (discrimination, identification and threshold), retronasal olfaction, taste function and olfactory bulb volume measurement. The patients were separated into three groups according to orthonasal olfaction: anosmic idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, hyposmic idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Results Discrimination, identification and threshold scores of patients with Kallmann syndrome were significantly lower than controls. Threshold scores of patients with normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. were significantly lower than those of controls, but discrimination and identification scores were not significantly different. Retronasal olfaction was reduced only in the anosmic idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism group compared to controls. Identification of bitter, sweet, sour, and salty tastes was not significantly different when compared between the anosmic, hyposmic, and normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism groups and controls. Olfactory bulb volume was lower bilaterally in all patient groups when compared with controls. The olfactory bulb volume of both sides was found to be significantly correlated with threshold, discrimination and identification scores in idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism patients. Conclusion 1) There were no significant differences in gustatory function between controls and idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism patients; 2) retronasal olfaction was reduced only in anosmic patients but not in orthonasally hyposmic participants, possibly indicating presence of effective compensatory mechanisms; 3) olfactory bulb volumes were highly correlated with olfaction scores in the hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism group. The current results indicate a continuum from anosmia to normosmia in idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murat Salihoglu
- GATA Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Onuralp Kurt
- GATA Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seyid Ahmet Ay
- GATA Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kamil Baskoy
- GATA Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aytug Altundag
- Istanbul Surgical Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muzaffer Saglam
- GATA Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Department of Radiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ferhat Deniz
- GATA Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakan Tekeli
- GATA Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Department of Neurology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arif Yonem
- GATA Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Thomas Hummel
- University of Dresden Medical School, Smell & Taste Interdisciplina Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Spotten L, Corish C, Lorton C, Ui Dhuibhir P, O’Donoghue N, O’Connor B, Walsh T. Subjective and objective taste and smell changes in cancer. Ann Oncol 2017; 28:969-984. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
|
10
|
The optimal evaluation and management of patients with a gradual onset of olfactory loss. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2014; 22:34-41. [PMID: 24370953 DOI: 10.1097/moo.0000000000000013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the causes of olfactory dysfunction, their evaluation and management, with a main focus on the gradual/progressive loss of smell. RECENT FINDINGS As the sense of smell gives us essential information about our environment, its loss can cause nutritional and social problems while threatening an individual's safety. Recent surveys have shown quite a substantial prevalence of hyposmia (one out of four people) and anosmia (one out of 200 people) in a variety of populations. SUMMARY Nasal inflammatory diseases such as allergic rhinitis and predominantly chronic rhinosinusitis account for the major and common causes of gradual/progressive loss of smell. However, they are also among the most successfully treated forms of olfactory dysfunction. The management of gradual/progressive smell deficit must always address its etiological causes. In most cases, a detailed medical history and nasal examination, smell testing, and imaging will help to establish an appropriate diagnosis. In addition to anti-inflammatory therapy, mainly nasal and systemic corticosteroids, recent investigations on smell training suggest that the controlled exposure to selected odors may increase olfactory performance. VIDEO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE See the Video Supplementary Digital Content 1 (http://links.lww.com/COOH/A8).
Collapse
|
11
|
Ros C, Tercero A, Alobid I, Balasch J, Santamaria J, Mullol J, Castelo-Branco C. Hearing loss in adult women with Turner's syndrome and other congenital hypogonadisms. Gynecol Endocrinol 2014; 30:111-6. [PMID: 24256370 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2013.856002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To define the patterns and causes of hearing decline associated to Turner's syndrome (TS). METHODS An observational study with three cohorts was designed: 31 TS patients, 15 women with other congenital hypogonadims (OCH) and 41 healthy age-matched women taking contraception. Microotoscopy, standard pure-tone audiometry brain auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) were performed to study hearing function. RESULTS Up to 87% of TS subjects suffered from some degree of hearing loss (HL) in the audiograms, compared with 20% OCH and 27% controls. Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) was the most frequent type of hypoacusia found in TS group. BAEP study demonstrated that 61% of TS women showed HL compared to 20% in OCH patients. No significant differences in latencies, amplitudes, and interpeaks of waves I, III and V were found between TS and OCH, nor when compared to reference population. Worse results were observed among the oldest TS patients, those with pure monosomy or isochromosome, and those with a history of recurrent otitis. CONCLUSIONS More than a half of TS females presented HL. SNHL is the most frequent pattern among middle-aged women with TS. Old age, karyotype and recurrent otitis are predisposition factors to produce HL, while oestrogens play a minor role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ros
- Unit of Endocrinological Gynaecology, Department of Gynaecology, ICGON
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|