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Xie R, Tan Z, Fan W, Qin J, Guo S, Xiao H, Tang Z. Deep-Eutectic-Solvent-in-Water Pickering Emulsions Stabilized by Starch Nanoparticles. Foods 2024; 13:2293. [PMID: 39063377 PMCID: PMC11275509 DOI: 10.3390/foods13142293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have received extensive attention in green chemistry because of their ease of preparation, cost-effectiveness, and low toxicity. Pickering emulsions offer advantages such as long-term stability, low toxicity, and environmental friendliness. The oil phase in some Pickering emulsions is composed of solvents, and DESs can serve as a more effective alternative to these solvents. The combination of DESs and Pickering emulsions can improve the applications of green chemistry by reducing the use of harmful chemicals and enhancing sustainability. In this study, a Pickering emulsion consisting of a DES (menthol:octanoic acid = 1:1) in water was prepared and stabilized using starch nanoparticles (SNPs). The emulsion was thoroughly characterized using various techniques, including optical microscopy, transmission microscopy, laser particle size analysis, and rheological measurements. The results demonstrated that the DES-in-water Pickering emulsion stabilized by the SNPs had excellent stability and retained its structural integrity for more than 200 days at room temperature (20 °C). This prolonged stability has significant implications for many applications, particularly in the field of storage and transportation. This Pickering emulsion based on DESs and SNPs is sustainable and stable, and it has great potential to improve green chemistry practices in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongzhen Xie
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Rapeseed Oil Nutrition Health and Deep Development, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (R.X.); (W.F.); (S.G.)
| | - Zhijian Tan
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China;
| | - Wei Fan
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Rapeseed Oil Nutrition Health and Deep Development, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (R.X.); (W.F.); (S.G.)
| | - Jingping Qin
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;
| | - Shiyin Guo
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Rapeseed Oil Nutrition Health and Deep Development, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (R.X.); (W.F.); (S.G.)
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;
| | - Zhonghai Tang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Rapeseed Oil Nutrition Health and Deep Development, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (R.X.); (W.F.); (S.G.)
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Chen M, Jin T, Nian B, Cheng W. Solvent Tolerance Improvement of Lipases Enhanced Their Applications: State of the Art. Molecules 2024; 29:2444. [PMID: 38893320 PMCID: PMC11173743 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipases, crucial catalysts in biochemical synthesis, find extensive applications across industries such as food, medicine, and cosmetics. The efficiency of lipase-catalyzed reactions is significantly influenced by the choice of solvents. Polar organic solvents often result in a decrease, or even loss, of lipase activity. Conversely, nonpolar organic solvents induce excessive rigidity in lipases, thereby affecting their activity. While the advent of new solvents like ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents has somewhat improved the activity and stability of lipases, it fails to address the fundamental issue of lipases' poor solvent tolerance. Hence, the rational design of lipases for enhanced solvent tolerance can significantly boost their industrial performance. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the structural characteristics and properties of lipases in various solvent systems and emphasizes various strategies of protein engineering for non-aqueous media to improve lipases' solvent tolerance. This study provides a theoretical foundation for further enhancing the solvent tolerance and industrial properties of lipases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wenjun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China; (M.C.); (T.J.); (B.N.)
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3
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Gomes I, Galamba N. Protein stability in a natural deep eutectic solvent: Preferential hydration or solvent slaving? J Chem Phys 2023; 159:235101. [PMID: 38099555 DOI: 10.1063/5.0177095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) emerged as potential alternative solvent media in multiple areas, including biomolecular (cryo)preservation. Herein, we studied the stability of a small protein (ubiquitin) in water and a betaine-glycerol-water (B:G:W) (1:2:ζ; ζ = 0, 1, 2, 5, 10) DES, through molecular dynamics. An AMBER-based model that accurately describes the density and shear viscosity of the DES is proposed. We find that water molecules are largely trapped in the solvent, precluding the formation of a full hydration layer, seemingly opposite to osmolytes' preferential exclusion/preferential hydration mechanism. Although the protein is stable in the DES, structural fluctuations are largely suppressed and only recovered upon sufficient hydration. This is explained by a solvent-slaving mechanism where β-fluctuations are key, with the non-monotonic hydration of some amino acids with the water content providing an explanation to the non-monotonic folding of some proteins in aqueous DESs. A major thermal stability enhancement in the DES is also observed, caused by a similar slowdown of the backbone torsional dynamics. Our results support a kinetic stabilization of the protein in the DES, whereas a possible thermodynamic stabilization does not follow a preferential hydration or water entrapment mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Gomes
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nuno Galamba
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
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Evaluating the status quo of deep eutectic solvent in food chemistry. Potentials and limitations. Food Chem 2023; 406:135079. [PMID: 36463595 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Conventional organic solvents (e.g., methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate) are widely used for extraction, reaction, and separation of valuable compounds. Although these solvents are effective, they have disadvantages, including flammability, toxicity, and persistence in the environment. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are valued for their biodegradability/low impact on the environment, low cost, and ease of manufacture. The objective of this review was to provide an overview of applications of DES in food chemistry, specifically in regard of extraction of polyphenols (e.g., anthocyanin, rutin, kaempferol, quercetin, resveratrol), protein, carbohydrates (e.g., chitin, pectins), lipids and lipid-soluble compounds (e.g., free fatty acids, astaxanthin, β-carotene, terpenoids), biosensor development, and use in food safety (pyrethroids, Sudan I, bisphenol A, Pb2+, Cd2+, etc.) over the past five years. A comprehensive analysis and discussion of DES types, preparation, structures, and influencing factors is provided. Furthermore, the potential and disadvantages of using DESs to extract biomolecules were assessed. We concluded that DES is a viable alternative for extracting polyphenols, carbohydrates, and lipids as well as use in food safety monitoring and biosensor development. However, more work is needed to address shortcomings, and determine whether using compounds extracted with DES can be consumed safely.
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Bellou MG, Patila M, Fotiadou R, Spyrou K, Yan F, Rudolf P, Gournis DP, Stamatis H. Tyrosinase Magnetic Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregates: Biocatalytic Study in Deep Eutectic Solvent Aqueous Solutions. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13040643. [PMID: 37189390 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In the field of biocatalysis, the implementation of sustainable processes such as enzyme immobilization or employment of environmentally friendly solvents, like Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) are of paramount importance. In this work, tyrosinase was extracted from fresh mushrooms and used in a carrier-free immobilization towards the preparation of both non-magnetic and magnetic cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs). The prepared biocatalyst was characterized and the biocatalytic and structural traits of free tyrosinase and tyrosinase magnetic CLEAs (mCLEAs) were evaluated in numerous DES aqueous solutions. The results showed that the nature and the concentration of the DESs used as co-solvents significantly affected the catalytic activity and stability of tyrosinase, while the immobilization enhanced the activity of the enzyme in comparison with the non-immobilized enzyme up to 3.6-fold. The biocatalyst retained the 100% of its initial activity after storage at -20 °C for 1 year and the 90% of its activity after 5 repeated cycles. Tyrosinase mCLEAs were further applied in the homogeneous modification of chitosan with caffeic acid in the presence of DES. The biocatalyst demonstrated great ability in the functionalization of chitosan with caffeic acid in the presence of 10% v/v DES [Bet:Gly (1:3)], enhancing the antioxidant activity of the films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrto G Bellou
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Michaela Patila
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Renia Fotiadou
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Spyrou
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Ceramics and Composites Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Feng Yan
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Petra Rudolf
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitrios P Gournis
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Ceramics and Composites Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Haralambos Stamatis
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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Devi M, Moral R, Thakuria S, Mitra A, Paul S. Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvents as Greener Substitutes for Conventional Extraction Media: Examples and Techniques. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:9702-9728. [PMID: 36969397 PMCID: PMC10034849 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are multicomponent designer solvents that exist as stable liquids over a wide range of temperatures. Over the last two decades, research has been dedicated to developing noncytotoxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible DESs to replace commercially available toxic organic solvents. However, most of the DESs formulated until now are hydrophilic and disintegrate via dissolution on coming in contact with the aqueous phase. To expand the repertoire of DESs as green solvents, hydrophobic DESs (HDESs) were prepared as an alternative. The hydrophobicity is a consequence of the constituents and can be modified according to the nature of the application. Due to their immiscibility, HDESs induce phase segregation in an aqueous solution and thus can be utilized as an extracting medium for a multitude of compounds. Here, we review literature reporting the usage of HDESs for the extraction of various organic compounds and metal ions from aqueous solutions and absorption of gases like CO2. We also discuss the techniques currently employed in the extraction processes. We have delineated the limitations that might reduce the applicability of these solvents and also discussed examples of how DESs behave as reaction media. Our review presents the possibility of HDESs being used as substitutes for conventional organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sandip Paul
- . Phone: +91-361-2582321. Fax: +91-361-2582349
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7
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Enzymatic Synthesis of Thymol Octanoate, a Promising Hybrid Molecule. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13030473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Interest in the synthesis and application of thymol esters has increased in recent years due to the numerous applications associated with its biological activities. The enzymatic synthesis of thymol octanoate by esterification of thymol and octanoic acid was explored using soluble lipases and immobilized lipase biocatalysts in solvent-free systems. Candida antarctica lipase B in its soluble form was the most active biocatalyst for this reaction. Different thymol and lipase feeding strategies were evaluated to maximize thymol octanoate production. The results suggest that there could be lipase inhibition by the ester product of the reaction. In this way, the optimal reaction condition was given using a thymol/acid molar ratio of 1:4 mol/mol. Under these conditions the conversion of thymol was close to 94% and the lipase maintained more than 90% of its initial activity after the reaction, showing the potential of the enzyme to be used in successive reaction cycles.
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8
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Menthol and Fatty Acid-Based Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvents as Media for Enzyme Activation. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11020547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This research aims to provide insights into the biological efficacy of a newly formed hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (DES). A DES based on menthol was successfully synthesized with fatty acids. The DESs’ properties as enzyme activators were examined against a neat counterpart. The menthol:decanoic acid (1:1) combination showed improved thermal stability, strong catalytic activity, and reusability for up to four subsequent cycles under ideal conditions (pH 7.0, 40 °C for 2 h). The hydrophobic DES replaced hexane in ester synthesis, where RNL@DES5 showed better fatty acid conversion compared to neat RNL. This study demonstrated promising applications of hydrophobic DESs in non-aqueous organic reactions.
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9
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Combination of Enzymes and Deep Eutectic Solvents as Powerful Toolbox for Organic Synthesis. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020516. [PMID: 36677575 PMCID: PMC9863131 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade, a wide spectrum of applications and advantages in the use of deep eutectic solvents for promoting organic reactions has been well established among the scientific community. Among these synthetic methodologies, in recent years, various examples of biocatalyzed processes have been reported, making use of eutectic mixtures as reaction media, as an improvement in terms of selectivity and sustainability. This review aims to show the newly reported protocols in the field, subdivided by reaction class as a 'toolbox' guide for organic synthesis.
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10
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Bellou MG, Gkantzou E, Skonta A, Moschovas D, Spyrou K, Avgeropoulos A, Gournis D, Stamatis H. Development of 3D Printed Enzymatic Microreactors for Lipase-Catalyzed Reactions in Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Media. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13111954. [PMID: 36422383 PMCID: PMC9693471 DOI: 10.3390/mi13111954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, 3D printing technology was exploited for the development of immobilized enzyme microreactors that could be used for biocatalytic processes in Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES)-based media. 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) microwell plates or tubular microfluidic reactors were modified with polyethylenimine (PEI) and lipase from Candida antarctica (CALB) was covalently immobilized in the interior of each structure. DESs were found to have a negligible effect on the activity and stability of CALB, and the system proved highly stable and reusable in the presence of DESs for the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl butyrate (p-NPB). A kinetic study under flow conditions revealed an enhancement of substrate accessibility in the presence of Betaine: Glycerol (Bet:Gly) DES, while the system was not severely affected by diffusion limitations. Incubation of microreactors in 100% Bet:Gly preserved the enzyme activity by 53% for 30 days of storage at 60 °C, while the buffer-stored sample had already been deactivated. The microfluidic enzyme reactor was efficiently used for the trans-esterification of ethyl ferulate (EF) with glycerol towards the production of glyceryl ferulate (GF), known for its antioxidant potential. The biocatalytic process under continuous flow conditions exhibited 23 times higher productivity than the batch reaction system. This study featured an effective and robust biocatalytic system with immobilized lipase that can be used both in hydrolytic and synthetic applications, while further optimization is expected to upgrade the microreactor system performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrto G. Bellou
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Elena Gkantzou
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Anastasia Skonta
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Moschovas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Spyrou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Gournis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Haralambos Stamatis
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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Sportiello L, Favati F, Condelli N, Di Cairano M, Carmela Caruso M, Simonato B, Tolve R, Galgano F. Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvents in the food sector: focus on their use for the extraction of bioactive compounds. Food Chem 2022; 405:134703. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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DES-Based Biocatalysis as a Green Alternative for the l-menthyl Ester Production Based on l-menthol Acylation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165273. [PMID: 36014511 PMCID: PMC9412368 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The deep eutectic solvent (DES)-based biocatalysis of l-menthol acylation was designed for the production of fatty acid l-menthyl ester (FME) using fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). The biocatalytic reaction was assisted by a lipase enzyme in the DES reaction medium. ւՒ-menthol and fatty acids (e.g., CA—caprylic acid; OA—oleic acid; LiA—linoleic acid; and LnA—linolenic acid) were combined in the binary mixture of DES. In this way, the DES provided a nonpolar environment for requested homogeneity of a biocatalytic system with reduced impact on the environment. The screening of lipase enzyme demonstrated better performance of immobilized lipase compared with powdered lipase. The performance of the biocatalytic system was evaluated for different DES compositions (type and concentration of the acid component). l-menthol:CA = 73:27 molar ratio allowed it to reach a maximum conversion of 95% methyl lauric ester (MLE) using a NV (Candida antarctica lipase B immobilized on acrylic resin) lipase biocatalyst. The recyclability of biocatalysts under optimum conditions of the system was also evaluated (more than 80% recovered biocatalytic activity was achieved for the tested biocatalysts after five reaction cycles). DES mixtures were characterized based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and refractive index analysis.
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Lehmann P, Jopp S. Novel Glucosylimidazolium Ionic-Liquid-Supported Novozym 435 Catalysts - A Proof of Concept for an Acrylation Reaction. Chemistry 2022; 11:e202200135. [PMID: 35920571 PMCID: PMC9437442 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel ionic liquids based on glucose was synthesized in high yields in simple two or three-step reaction procedures. These carbohydrate-based ionic liquids were studied and compared to commercially available imidazolium-based ionic liquids as supports for Novozym 435 in the acrylation of n-butanol. A direct correlation between the availability of hydroxy groups and the overall activity as well as an enhanced recyclability of the biocatalyst has been found for the glucose-based ionic liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Lehmann
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of RostockAlbert-Einstein-Str. 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - Stefan Jopp
- Department LifeLight & MatterUniversity of RostockAlbert-Einstein-Str. 2518059RostockGermany
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14
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Staudt A, Brack Y, Jr II, Leal ICR. Biocatalytic synthesis of monoterpene esters – A review study on the phylogenetic evolution of biocatalysts. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Qamar Farooq M, Tryon-Tasson N, Biswas A, Anderson JL. Preparation of ternary hydrophobic magnetic deep eutectic solvents and an investigation into their physicochemical properties. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Can deep eutectic solvents be the best alternatives to ionic liquids and organic solvents: A perspective in enzyme catalytic reactions. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 217:255-269. [PMID: 35835302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
As a new generation of green solvents, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been considered as a promising alternative to classical organic solvents and ionic liquids (ILs). DESs are normally formed by two or more components via various h-bonds interactions. Up to date, four types of DESs are found, namely, type I DESs (formed by MClx, namely FeCl2, AlCl3, ZnCl2, CuCl2 and AgCl et al., and quaternary ammonium salts); type II DESs (formed by metal chloride hydrates and quaternary ammonium salts); type III DESs (formed by choline chlorides and different kinds of HBDs) and type IV DESs (formed by salts of transition metals and urea). DESs share many advantages, such as low vapor pressure, good substrate solubility and thermal stability, with ILs, and offering a high potential to be the medium of biocatalysis reactions. In this case, this paper reviews the applications of DESs in enzymatic reactions. Lipases are the most widely used enzyme in DESs systems as their versatile applications in various reactions and robustness. Interestingly, DESs can improve the efficiency of these reactions via enhancing the substrates solubility and the activity and stability of enzymes. Therefore, the directed engineering of DESs for special reactions such as degradation of polymers in high temperature or strong acid-base conditions will be one of the future perspectives of the investigation DESs.
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18
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Hollenbach R, Ochsenreither K, Syldatk C. Parameters Influencing Lipase-Catalyzed Glycolipid Synthesis by (Trans-)Esterification Reaction. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 181:53-72. [PMID: 34518911 DOI: 10.1007/10_2021_173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glycolipids are biodegradable, non-toxic surfactants with a wide range of applications. Enzymatic esterification or transesterification facilitated in reaction media of low water activity is a reaction strategy for the production of tailor-made glycolipids as a high structural diversity can be achieved. Organic solvents, ionic liquids, and deep eutectic solvents have been applied as reaction media. However, several challenges need to be addressed for efficient (trans-)esterification reactions, especially for the lipophilization of polar substrates. Therefore, crucial parameters in (trans-)esterification reactions in conventional and non-conventional media are discussed and compared in this review with a special focus on glycolipid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Hollenbach
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences II: Technical Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Katrin Ochsenreither
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences II: Technical Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christoph Syldatk
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences II: Technical Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
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19
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Pletnev IV, Smirnova SV, Sharov AV, Zolotov YA. New generation extraction solvents: from ionic liquids and aqueous biphasic systems to deep eutectic solvents. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr5007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Zhou Y, Qin H, Cheng H, Chen L, Zhang B, Qi Z. Reactive extraction for synthesizing long chain ester butyl hexanoate intensified by deep eutectic solvent. Chin J Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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21
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Reactive Deep Eutectic Solvents (RDESs): A New Tool for Phospholipase D-Catalyzed Preparation of Phospholipids. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11060655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of Reactive Deep Eutectic Solvents (RDESs) in the preparation of polar head modified phospholipids (PLs) with phospholipase D (PLD)-catalyzed biotransformations has been investigated. Natural phosphatidylcholine (PC) has been submitted to PLD-catalyzed transphosphatidylations using a new reaction medium composed by a mixture of RDES/buffer. Instead of exploiting deep eutectic solvents conventionally, just as the reaction media, these solvents have been designed here in order to contribute actively to the synthetic processes by participating as reagents. RDESs were prepared using choline chloride or trimethyl glycine as hydrogen-bond acceptors and glycerol or ethylene glycol, as hydrogen-bond donors as well as nucleophiles for choline substitution. Specifically designed RDES/buffer reaction media allowed the obtainment of PLs with optimized yields in the perspective of a sustainable process implementation.
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22
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Zainal-Abidin MH, Hayyan M, Wong WF. Hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents: Current progress and future directions. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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23
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Microstructured optical fibers sensor modified by deep eutectic solvent: Liquid-phase microextraction and detection in one analytical device. Talanta 2021; 232:122305. [PMID: 34074383 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive optical sensor based on hollow core microstructure optical fibers modified with deep eutectic solvent was produced for the first time. An easy procedure for the modification of hollow-core microstructure optical fibers with deep eutectic solvent was developed. Deep eutectic solvents based on natural monoterpenoids and fatty acids were investigated for glass surface modification. The sensor was used for the determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (mefenamic acid, diclofenac, flurbiprofen and ketoprofen) in human urine samples. The mechanism of the sensor response was investigated and discussed. Liquid-phase microextraction of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs was implemented in deep eutectic solvent phase supported in the inner surface of hollow-core microstructure optical fibers followed by transmission spectra measurement in one analytical device. The preconcentration step performed directly in the analytical device allowed to obtain high sensitivity and selectivity. The limits of detection calculated from the calibration plots based on 3σ were 3 μg L-1 for all target analytes.
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Aghaei H, Yasinian A, Taghizadeh A. Covalent immobilization of lipase from Candida rugosa on epoxy-activated cloisite 30B as a new heterofunctional carrier and its application in the synthesis of banana flavor and production of biodiesel. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 178:569-579. [PMID: 33667558 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, an epoxy-activated cloisite (ECL) was prepared as a new heterofunctional carrier via a reaction between cloisite 30B (CL) and epichlorohydrin and utilized for covalent immobilization of lipase from Candida rugosa. The lipase immobilized on the ECL (LECL) was successfully used in the olive oil hydrolysis, synthesis of isoamyl acetate (banana flavor), and biodiesel production. The TGA, FT-IR, SEM, and XRD were used to characterize CL, ECL, and LECL. The influences of temperature, pH, thermal stability, and storage capacity were examined in the olive oil hydrolysis. The effects of solvent, temperature, time, water content, and substrates molar ratio on the yields of ester and biodiesel were also investigated. In the optimized conditions, the hydrolytic activity of LECL was 1.85 ± 0.05 U/ mg, and the maximum yield of ester and biodiesel was 91.6% and 95.4%, respectively. The LECL showed good thermal stability and storage capacity compared to the free lipase. Additionally, LECL was reusable for both esterification and transesterification after being used for nine cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Aghaei
- Department of Chemistry, Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 311-86145, Shahreza, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Atefeh Yasinian
- Department of Chemistry, Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 311-86145, Shahreza, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ameneh Taghizadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 311-86145, Shahreza, Isfahan, Iran
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25
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Liu X, Wang M, Zhang X, Sun Y, Song W, Liu Y. The correlation between the physicochemical properties of water-based deep eutectic solvents and catalytic activity of lipase Novozym 435. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.115200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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26
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Taghizadeh M, Taghizadeh A, Vatanpour V, Ganjali MR, Saeb MR. Deep eutectic solvents in membrane science and technology: Fundamental, preparation, application, and future perspective. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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27
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Tang W, An Y, Row KH. Emerging applications of (micro) extraction phase from hydrophilic to hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents: opportunities and trends. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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28
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Kist JA, Zhao H, Mitchell-Koch KR, Baker GA. The study and application of biomolecules in deep eutectic solvents. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:536-566. [DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01656j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents offer stimulating possibilities for biomolecular stabilization and manipulation, biocatalysis, bioextraction, biomass processing, and drug delivery and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Kist
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Missouri-Columbia
- Columbia
- USA
| | - Hua Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Northern Colorado
- Greeley
- USA
| | | | - Gary A. Baker
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Missouri-Columbia
- Columbia
- USA
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29
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Bjelić A, Hočevar B, Grilc M, Novak U, Likozar B. A review of sustainable lignocellulose biorefining applying (natural) deep eutectic solvents (DESs) for separations, catalysis and enzymatic biotransformation processes. REV CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2019-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Conventional biorefinery processes are complex, engineered and energy-intensive, where biomass fractionation, a key functional step for the production of biomass-derived chemical substances, demands industrial organic solvents and harsh, environmentally harmful reaction conditions. There is a timely, clear and unmet economic need for a systematic, robust and affordable conversion method technology to become greener, sustainable and cost-effective. In this perspective, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been envisaged as the most advanced novel polar liquids that are entirely made of natural, molecular compounds that are capable of an association via hydrogen bonding interactions. DES has quickly emerged in various application functions thanks to a formulations’ simple preparation. These molecules themselves are biobased, renewable, biodegradable and eco-friendly. The present experimental review is providing the state of the art topical overview of trends regarding the employment of DESs in investigated biorefinery-related techniques. This review covers DESs for lignocellulosic component isolation, applications as (co)catalysts and their functionality range in biocatalysis. Furthermore, a special section of the DESs recyclability is included. For DESs to unlock numerous new (reactive) possibilities in future biorefineries, the critical estimation of its complexity in the reaction, separation, or fractionation medium should be addressed more in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Bjelić
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering , National Institute of Chemistry , Hajdrihova 19 , 1001 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Brigita Hočevar
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering , National Institute of Chemistry , Hajdrihova 19 , 1001 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Miha Grilc
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering , National Institute of Chemistry , Hajdrihova 19 , 1001 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Uroš Novak
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering , National Institute of Chemistry , Hajdrihova 19 , 1001 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Blaž Likozar
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering , National Institute of Chemistry , Hajdrihova 19 , 1001 Ljubljana , Slovenia
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30
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Hollenbach R, Ochsenreither K, Syldatk C. Enzymatic Synthesis of Glucose Monodecanoate in a Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvent. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124342. [PMID: 32570792 PMCID: PMC7352255 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmentally friendly and biodegradable reaction media are an important part of a sustainable glycolipid production in the transition to green chemistry. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are an ecofriendly alternative to organic solvents. So far, only hydrophilic DESs were considered for enzymatic glycolipid synthesis. In this study, a hydrophobic DES consisting of (-)-menthol and decanoic acid is presented for the first time as an alternative to hydrophilic DES. The yields in the newly introduced hydrophobic DES are significantly higher than in hydrophilic DESs. Different reaction parameters were investigated to optimize the synthesis further. Twenty milligrams per milliliter iCalB and 0.5 M glucose resulted in the highest initial reaction velocity for the esterification reaction, while the highest initial reaction velocity was achieved with 1.5 M glucose in the transesterification reaction. The enzyme was proven to be reusable for at least five cycles without significant loss of activity.
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31
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Sulfonated activated carbons as potential catalysts for biolubricant synthesis. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2020.110888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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32
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Han X, Li W, Duan Z, Ma X, Fan D. Biocatalytic production of compound K in a deep eutectic solvent based on choline chloride using a substrate fed-batch strategy. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 305:123039. [PMID: 32114302 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study involved the development of a β-glucosidase-catalyzed hydrolysis method based on a deep eutectic solvent (DES), choline chloride-ethylene glycol 2:1, and continuous feed technique to overcome the difficulty of high-concentration ginsenoside hydrolysis. A productivity of 142 mg·L-1·h-1 was achieved with the following conditions: 30 vol% DES, pH 5.0, 55 °C, and substrate concentration of 12 mM. In the presence of DES, the affinity and catalytic efficiency of β-glucosidase to Rd increased by 49 and 64%, respectively, which promoted the continuation of hydrolysis. Moreover, conformation of β-glucosidase was mostly retained, as confirmed by spectral information. Through a combination of a substrate fed-batch technique to reduce the inhibitory effects of substrates and products, the CK conversion rate increased by 44% compared to traditional single-batch in pure buffer. This report describes a practical method for the continuous conversion of natural compounds through biological processes and solvent engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Han
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Weina Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Xi'an Giant Biogene Co., Ltd, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, China
| | - Zhiguang Duan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Daidi Fan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
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33
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Huang L, Bittner JP, Domínguez de María P, Jakobtorweihen S, Kara S. Modeling Alcohol Dehydrogenase Catalysis in Deep Eutectic Solvent/Water Mixtures. Chembiochem 2020; 21:811-817. [PMID: 31605652 PMCID: PMC7154551 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of oxidoreductases (EC1) in non-conventional reaction media has been increasingly explored. In particular, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as a novel class of solvents. Herein, an in-depth study of bioreduction with an alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in the DES glyceline is presented. The activity and stability of ADH in mixtures of glyceline/water with varying water contents were measured. Furthermore, the thermodynamic water activity and viscosity of mixtures of glyceline/water have been determined. For a better understanding of the observations, molecular dynamics simulations were performed to quantify the molecular flexibility, hydration layer, and intraprotein hydrogen bonds of ADH. The behavior of the enzyme in DESs follows the classic dependence of water activity (aW ) in non-conventional media. At low aW values (<0.2), ADH does not show any activity; at higher aW values, the activity was still lower than that in pure water due to the high viscosities of the DES. These findings could be further explained by increased enzyme flexibility with increasing water content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- Department of EngineeringBiocatalysis and Bioprocessing GroupAarhus UniversityGustav Wieds Vej 108000AarhusDenmark
| | - Jan Philipp Bittner
- Institute of Thermal Separation ProcessesHamburg University of TechnologyEißendorfer Strasse 3821073HamburgGermany
| | | | - Sven Jakobtorweihen
- Institute of Thermal Separation ProcessesHamburg University of TechnologyEißendorfer Strasse 3821073HamburgGermany
| | - Selin Kara
- Department of EngineeringBiocatalysis and Bioprocessing GroupAarhus UniversityGustav Wieds Vej 108000AarhusDenmark
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34
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Tan JN, Dou Y. Deep eutectic solvents for biocatalytic transformations: focused lipase-catalyzed organic reactions. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:1481-1496. [PMID: 31907576 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10342-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Biocatalysis is a green and sustainable technology for which the ideal solvent should be nontoxic, biocompatible, biodegradable, and sustainable, in addition to supporting high enzyme activity and stability. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs), a novel class of green solvents, have recently emerged as excellent alternatives for use in various biocatalytic reactions and, in particular, in lipase-catalyzed reactions with enzymes. This review discusses the achievements that have been made so far in the use of DESs as reaction media for lipase-catalyzed reactions. In addition, the application of DESs in esterification, transesterification, and amidation reactions with isolated or immobilized biocatalysts, toward enabling the synthesis of biodiesels, sugar esters, phenolipids, and fatty acyl ethanolamides, is summarized, while advances in lipase-catalyzed chemoenzymatic epoxidation reactions, C-C bond-forming Aldol reactions, and hydrolysis reactions in DESs are also discussed. This review also summarize some remaining questions concerning the use of DESs, including the intriguing role of water as a cosolvent in biocatalytic reactions carried out in DESs, and the relationship between the nature of the DESs and their influence on the enzyme stability and activity at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Neng Tan
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Yuqing Dou
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
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35
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De Santis P, Meyer LE, Kara S. The rise of continuous flow biocatalysis – fundamentals, very recent developments and future perspectives. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00335b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Very recent developments in the field of biocatalysis in continuously operated systems. Special attention on the future perspectives in this key emerging technological area ranging from process analytical technologies to digitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piera De Santis
- Aarhus University
- Department of Engineering, Biological and Chemical Engineering Section
- Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group
- DK 8000 Aarhus
- Denmark
| | - Lars-Erik Meyer
- Aarhus University
- Department of Engineering, Biological and Chemical Engineering Section
- Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group
- DK 8000 Aarhus
- Denmark
| | - Selin Kara
- Aarhus University
- Department of Engineering, Biological and Chemical Engineering Section
- Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group
- DK 8000 Aarhus
- Denmark
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36
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Rodrigues RC, Virgen-Ortíz JJ, dos Santos JC, Berenguer-Murcia Á, Alcantara AR, Barbosa O, Ortiz C, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Immobilization of lipases on hydrophobic supports: immobilization mechanism, advantages, problems, and solutions. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:746-770. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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37
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38
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Pätzold M, Burek BO, Liese A, Bloh JZ, Holtmann D. Product recovery of an enzymatically synthesized (-)-menthol ester in a deep eutectic solvent. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2019; 42:1385-1389. [PMID: 31069512 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-019-02125-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have gained increased attention as alternative reaction media for biocatalysis in recent years. There are many investigations on biotransformations in a variety of DESs, but the purification of bioproducts from DES reaction mixtures has not yet been sufficiently addressed. The present study demonstrates a product recovery strategy from a DES reaction medium composed of (-)-menthol and dodecanoic acid. Since the DES is not formed by equimolar amounts of the substrates, but the eutectic point occurs at a 3:1 molar ratio, product isolation is an important task for effective biocatalytic process development, even if the limiting substrate is converted completely. Both DES compounds acted as substrates and reaction solvent in the lipase-catalyzed esterification to synthesize (-)-menthyl dodecanoate. The product (-)-menthyl dodecanoate ester was separated from the DES reaction mixture by a vacuum distillation step and a second esterification reaction can be performed with the recovered (-)-menthol.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pätzold
- DECHEMA Research Institute, Industrial Biotechnology, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486, Frankfurt, Germany.,Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Technical Biocatalysis, Denickestr. 15, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - B O Burek
- DECHEMA Research Institute, Chemical Technology, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - A Liese
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Technical Biocatalysis, Denickestr. 15, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Z Bloh
- DECHEMA Research Institute, Chemical Technology, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dirk Holtmann
- DECHEMA Research Institute, Industrial Biotechnology, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486, Frankfurt, Germany.
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39
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Pätzold M, Siebenhaller S, Kara S, Liese A, Syldatk C, Holtmann D. Deep Eutectic Solvents as Efficient Solvents in Biocatalysis. Trends Biotechnol 2019; 37:943-959. [PMID: 31000203 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
'Ideal' solvents in biocatalysis have to fulfill a large number of requirements, such as high substrate solubility, high enzyme activity and stability, and positive effects on reaction equilibrium. In the past decades, many enzymatic synthesis routes in water-based and nonaqueous (organic solvents, ionic or supercritical fluids) reaction media have been developed. However, no solvent meets every demand for different reaction types at the same time, and there is still a need for novel solvents suited for different reaction types and applications. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have recently been evaluated as solvents in different biocatalytic reactions. They can improve substrate supply, conversion, and stability. The best results were obtained when the DES is formed by the substrates of an enzymatic reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Pätzold
- DECHEMA Research Institute, Industrial Biotechnology, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Technical Biocatalysis, Denickestr. 15, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Siebenhaller
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences 2 - Technical Biology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Selin Kara
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Technical Biocatalysis, Denickestr. 15, 21073 Hamburg, Germany; Aarhus University, Department of Engineering, Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andreas Liese
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Technical Biocatalysis, Denickestr. 15, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Syldatk
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences 2 - Technical Biology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Dirk Holtmann
- DECHEMA Research Institute, Industrial Biotechnology, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Pätzold M, Weimer A, Liese A, Holtmann D. Optimization of solvent-free enzymatic esterification in eutectic substrate reaction mixture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 22:e00333. [PMID: 31008067 PMCID: PMC6453777 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2019.e00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The Candida rugosa lipase catalyzed esterification of (-)-menthol and lauric acid (LA) was studied in a eutectic mixture formed by both substrates((-)-menthol:LA 3:1, mol/mol). No additional reaction solvent was necessary, since the (-)-menthol:LA deep eutectic solvent (DES) acts as combined reaction medium and substrate pool. Therefore, the esterification is conducted under solvent-free conditions. The thermodynamic water activity (aw) was identified as a key parameter affecting the esterification performance in the (-)-menthol:LA DES. A response surface methodology was applied to optimize the esterification conditions in terms aw, amount of C. rugosa lipase (mCRL) and reaction temperature. Under the optimized reaction conditions (aw = 0.55; mCRL =60 mg; T =45 °C), a conversion of 95 ± 1% LA was achieved (one day), the final (-)-menthyl lauric acid ester concentration reached 1.36 ± 0.04 M (2.25 days). The experimental product formation rate agreed very well with the model prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pätzold
- DECHEMA Research Institute, Industrial Biotechnology, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486, Frankfurt a.M., Germany.,Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), Institute of Technical Biocatalysis, Denickestr. 15, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Weimer
- DECHEMA Research Institute, Industrial Biotechnology, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486, Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| | - A Liese
- Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), Institute of Technical Biocatalysis, Denickestr. 15, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - D Holtmann
- DECHEMA Research Institute, Industrial Biotechnology, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486, Frankfurt a.M., Germany
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Comparison of deep eutectic solvents and solvent-free reaction conditions for aldol production. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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42
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Ortiz C, Ferreira ML, Barbosa O, dos Santos JCS, Rodrigues RC, Berenguer-Murcia Á, Briand LE, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Novozym 435: the “perfect” lipase immobilized biocatalyst? Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy00415g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Novozym 435 (N435) is a commercially available immobilized lipase produced by Novozymes with its advantages and drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ortiz
- Escuela de Microbiología
- Universidad Industrial de Santander
- Bucaramanga
- Colombia
| | - María Luján Ferreira
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química – PLAPIQUI
- CONICET
- Universidad Nacional del Sur
- 8000 Bahía Blanca
- Argentina
| | - Oveimar Barbosa
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad del Tolima
- Ibagué
- Colombia
| | - José C. S. dos Santos
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
- Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira
- Redenção
- Brazil
| | - Rafael C. Rodrigues
- Biotechnology, Bioprocess, and Biocatalysis Group, Food Science and Technology Institute
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul
- Porto Alegre
- Brazil
| | - Ángel Berenguer-Murcia
- Instituto Universitario de Materiales
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Universidad de Alicante
- Alicante
- Spain
| | - Laura E. Briand
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas-Dr. Jorge J. Ronco
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata
- CONICET
- Buenos Aires
- Argentina
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