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Kim ME, Kim DH, Lee JS. Transcription Factors as Targets of Natural Compounds in Age-Related Diseases and Cancer: Potential Therapeutic Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213882. [PMID: 36430361 PMCID: PMC9696520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation exacerbates systemic pathophysiological conditions and chronic inflammation is a sustained and systemic phenomenon that aggravates aging that can lead to chronic age-related diseases. These inflammatory phenomena have recently been redefined and delineated at the molecular, cellular, and systemic levels. Many transcription factors that are activated in response to tumor metabolic state have been reported to be regulated by a class of histone deacetylase called sirtuins (SIRTs). Sirtuins play a pivotal role in the regulation of tumor cell metabolism, proliferation, and angiogenesis, including oxidative stress and inflammation. The SIRT1-mediated signaling pathway in diabetes and cancer is the SIRT1/forkhead-box class O (FoxO)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. In this review, we describe the accumulation of SIRT1-, NF-κB-, and FoxO-mediated inflammatory processes and cellular proinflammatory signaling pathways. We also describe the proinflammatory mechanisms underlying metabolic molecular pathways in various diseases such as liver cancer and diabetes. Finally, the regulation of cancer and diabetes through the anti-inflammatory effects of natural compounds is highlighted. Evidence from inflammation studies strongly suggests that cells may be a major source of cytokines secreted during various diseases. A better understanding of the mechanisms that underpin the inflammatory response and palliative role of natural compounds will provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of inflammation and various diseases for potential intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Eun Kim
- Department of Life Science, Immunology Research Lab, BK21-plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, College of Natural Sciences, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Dae Hyun Kim
- Department of Life Science, Immunology Research Lab, BK21-plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, College of Natural Sciences, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.H.K.); (J.S.L.); Tel.: +82-062-230-6651 (J.S.L.)
| | - Jun Sik Lee
- Department of Life Science, Immunology Research Lab, BK21-plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, College of Natural Sciences, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea
- LKBio Inc., Chosun University Business Incubator (CUBI) Building, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.H.K.); (J.S.L.); Tel.: +82-062-230-6651 (J.S.L.)
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Bai B, Chen Q, Jing R, He X, Wang H, Ban Y, Ye Q, Xu W, Zheng C. Molecular Basis of Prostate Cancer and Natural Products as Potential Chemotherapeutic and Chemopreventive Agents. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:738235. [PMID: 34630112 PMCID: PMC8495205 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.738235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common malignant cancer in males. It involves a complex process driven by diverse molecular pathways that closely related to the survival, apoptosis, metabolic and metastatic characteristics of aggressive cancer. Prostate cancer can be categorized into androgen dependent prostate cancer and castration-resistant prostate cancer and cure remains elusive due to the developed resistance of the disease. Natural compounds represent an extraordinary resource of structural scaffolds with high diversity that can offer promising chemical agents for making prostate cancer less devastating and curable. Herein, those natural compounds of different origins and structures with potential cytotoxicity and/or in vivo anti-tumor activities against prostate cancer are critically reviewed and summarized according to the cellular signaling pathways they interfere. Moreover, the anti-prostate cancer efficacy of many nutrients, medicinal plant extracts and Chinese medical formulations were presented, and the future prospects for the application of these compounds and extracts were discussed. Although the failure of conventional chemotherapy as well as involved serious side effects makes natural products ideal candidates for the treatment of prostate cancer, more investigations of preclinical and even clinical studies are necessary to make use of these medical substances reasonably. Therefore, the elucidation of structure-activity relationship and precise mechanism of action, identification of novel potential molecular targets, and optimization of drug combination are essential in natural medicine research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingke Bai
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianbo Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Jing
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuhui He
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongrui Wang
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfei Ban
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Ye
- Department of Biological Science, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weiheng Xu
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengjian Zheng
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Mateus PAM, Kido LA, Silva RS, Cagnon VHA, Montico F. Association of anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic therapies negatively influences prostate cancer progression in TRAMP mice. Prostate 2019; 79:515-535. [PMID: 30585351 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammation has been implicated in cancer etiology and angiogenesis is stimulated in this disease. In prostate, the crosstalk between malignant epithelial cells and their microenvironment is an essential step of tumorigenesis during which glandular stroma undergo changes designated as reactive stroma. Thus, the aim herewith was to evaluate the effects of associating anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic therapies on cancer progression, correlating them with steroid hormone receptor (AR and ERα), reactive stroma (vimentin, αSMA, and TGF-β), and cell proliferation (PCNA) markers expression in the Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of Mouse Prostate (TRAMP) model. METHODS TRAMP mice (12-week old) were divided into the groups: Control (TRCON): received the vehicles used for drug dilution; Celecoxib (TRCEL): received oral doses of the anti-inflammatory drug celecoxib (15 mg/kg) twice daily; Nintedanib (TRNTB): received oral doses of the antiangiogenic drug nintedanib (10 mg/kg) daily; Nintedanib+Celecoxib (TRNTCEL): received the combination of drugs. After 6 weeks, mice were euthanized and ventral prostate samples were harvested for morphological, immunohistochemical, and Western blotting analyses. RESULTS While celecoxib led to fibromuscular hypertrophy attenuation, nintedanib significantly reduced the incidence of well-differentiated adenocarcinoma (WDAC) foci in relation to controls, both when administered per se or in association to celecoxib. Furthermore, drug combination was associated with unique effects, including lower incidence of HGPIN lesions; lower AR stromal distribution; changes in ERα localization from epithelial nuclei to stroma as well as significant decrease of TGF-β levels and associated angiogenesis. In parallel, all treatments applied resulted in reduced inflammatory marker and vimentin (VIM) expression. CONCLUSIONS Celecoxib plus nintedanib is an effective antitumor combination against prostate cancer progression in TRAMP mice, showing remarkable efficacy in relation to isolated therapies. Importantly, this efficacy might be due to drug association effect on driving AR and mainly ERα distribution in the prostatic tissue towards benign patterns. In addition, celecoxib and nintedanib impaired the development of a stromal reaction by reducing the recruitment of reactive stroma cells and maintaining a normal smooth muscle cell-rich prostate stroma in TRAMP mice. Collectively, these findings pointed to the beneficial effects of combining anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic strategies to prevent or delay prostatic tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Augusto Marischka Mateus
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Akemi Kido
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Sauce Silva
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valéria Helena Alves Cagnon
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Montico
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Medicine, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Jaú, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sivoňová MK, Kaplán P, Tatarková Z, Lichardusová L, Dušenka R, Jurečeková J. Androgen receptor and soy isoflavones in prostate cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2018; 10:191-204. [PMID: 30680195 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2018.1792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgens and androgen receptor (AR) play a critical role not only in normal prostate development, but also in prostate cancer. For that reason, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the primary treatment for prostate cancer. However, the majority of patients develop castration-resistant prostate cancer, which eventually leads to mortality. Novel therapeutic approaches, including dietary changes, have been explored. Soy isoflavones have become a focus of interest because of their positive health benefits on numerous diseases, particularly hormone-related cancers, including prostate and breast cancers. An important strategy for the prevention and/or treatment of prostate cancer might thus be the action of soy isoflavones on the AR signaling pathway. The current review article provides a detailed overview of the anticancer potential of soy isoflavones (genistein, daidzein and glycitein), as mediated by their effect on AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kmetová Sivoňová
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kaplán
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia.,Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Tatarková
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Lichardusová
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Róbert Dušenka
- Department of Urology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine and UHM in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Jana Jurečeková
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
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Sutrisno S, Sulistyorini C, Manungkalit EM, Winarsih L, Noorhamdani N, Winarsih S. The effect of genistein on TGF-β signal, dysregulation of apoptosis, cyclooxygenase-2 pathway, and NF-kB pathway in mice peritoneum of endometriosis model. MIDDLE EAST FERTILITY SOCIETY JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mefs.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Hejazi E, Tavakoli M, Jeddi-Tehrani M, Kimiagar M, Hejazi J, Houshyari M, Amiri Z, Edalatkhah H, Nasrollahzadeh J, Idali F. Investigating the Antiangiogenic, Anti-drug Resistance and Apoptotic Effects of Soy Isoflavone Extract Alone or in Combination with Docetaxel on Murine 4T1 Breast Tumor Model. Nutr Cancer 2017; 69:1036-1042. [PMID: 28937793 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2017.1359316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One major concern in the treatment of cancer patients during chemotherapy is drug resistance. Here we investigated the effects of soy isoflavone extracts alone or in combination with Docetaxel on the drug resistance, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and tumor volume in mouse 4T1 breast tumor model. METHODS Sixty female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, dietary soy isoflavone extract [Iso, 100 mg/kg diet (0.01%)], Docetaxel (10 mg/kg) injection, and the combination of dietary soy isoflavone extract and intravenous Docetaxel injection (Docetaxel + Iso). One week after the third injection, the breast tumors of eight mice from each group were excised to analyze NF-κBp65' vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) and Pgp gene and protein expressions and the other seven mice were monitored for survival rate analysis until they died. RESULTS NF-κBp65 gene and protein expressions were significantly lower in the Docetaxel + Iso group in comparison with that of the Docetaxel group. VEGFR2 protein expression in the Docetaxel + Iso and Iso groups was significantly lower than that of the Docetaxel group. CONCLUSION These findings may indicate that the combined use of isoflavone extracts together with chemotherapeutic agents has more efficient anti-carcinogenic effects than their individual use.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Docetaxel
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Eating/drug effects
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Isoflavones/chemistry
- Isoflavones/pharmacology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/blood supply
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/mortality
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Plant Extracts/administration & dosage
- Plant Extracts/chemistry
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Glycine max/chemistry
- Survival Rate
- Taxoids/administration & dosage
- Transcription Factor RelA/genetics
- Transcription Factor RelA/metabolism
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Hejazi
- a Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Maryam Tavakoli
- b Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute , ACECR , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mahmood Jeddi-Tehrani
- c Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute , ACECR , Tehran , Iran
| | - Masoud Kimiagar
- a Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Jalal Hejazi
- d Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine , Zanjan University of Medical Sciences , Zanjan , Iran
| | - Mohammad Houshyari
- e Department of Radiation Oncology, Shohada Tajrish Hospital , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Zohre Amiri
- f Department of Basic Sciences and Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Hale Edalatkhah
- g Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute , ACECR , Tehran , Iran
| | - Javad Nasrollahzadeh
- a Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Farah Idali
- b Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute , ACECR , Tehran , Iran
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He Y, Schmidt MA, Erwin C, Guo J, Sun R, Pendarvis K, Warner BW, Herman EM. Transgenic Soybean Production of Bioactive Human Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157034. [PMID: 27314851 PMCID: PMC4912142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating condition of premature infants that results from the gut microbiome invading immature intestinal tissues. This results in a life-threatening disease that is frequently treated with the surgical removal of diseased and dead tissues. Epidermal growth factor (EGF), typically found in bodily fluids, such as amniotic fluid, salvia and mother's breast milk, is an intestinotrophic growth factor and may reduce the onset of NEC in premature infants. We have produced human EGF in soybean seeds to levels biologically relevant and demonstrated its comparable activity to commercially available EGF. Transgenic soybean seeds expressing a seed-specific codon optimized gene encoding of the human EGF protein with an added ER signal tag at the N' terminal were produced. Seven independent lines were grown to homozygous and found to accumulate a range of 6.7 +/- 3.1 to 129.0 +/- 36.7 μg EGF/g of dry soybean seed. Proteomic and immunoblot analysis indicates that the inserted EGF is the same as the human EGF protein. Phosphorylation and immunohistochemical assays on the EGF receptor in HeLa cells indicate the EGF protein produced in soybean seed is bioactive and comparable to commercially available human EGF. This work demonstrates the feasibility of using soybean seeds as a biofactory to produce therapeutic agents in a soymilk delivery platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua He
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Monica A. Schmidt
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Christopher Erwin
- St. Louis Children's Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jun Guo
- St. Louis Children's Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Raphael Sun
- St. Louis Children's Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Ken Pendarvis
- School of Animal & Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Brad W. Warner
- St. Louis Children's Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Eliot M. Herman
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
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8
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Relationship of serum levels and dietary intake of isoflavone, and the novel bacterium Slackia sp. strain NATTS with the risk of prostate cancer: a case–control study among Japanese men. Int Urol Nephrol 2016; 48:1453-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s11255-016-1335-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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9
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Shirakami Y, Sakai H, Kochi T, Seishima M, Shimizu M. Catechins and Its Role in Chronic Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 929:67-90. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41342-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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10
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Samadi AK, Bilsland A, Georgakilas AG, Amedei A, Amin A, Bishayee A, Azmi AS, Lokeshwar BL, Grue B, Panis C, Boosani CS, Poudyal D, Stafforini DM, Bhakta D, Niccolai E, Guha G, Vasantha Rupasinghe HP, Fujii H, Honoki K, Mehta K, Aquilano K, Lowe L, Hofseth LJ, Ricciardiello L, Ciriolo MR, Singh N, Whelan RL, Chaturvedi R, Ashraf SS, Shantha Kumara HMC, Nowsheen S, Mohammed SI, Keith WN, Helferich WG, Yang X. A multi-targeted approach to suppress tumor-promoting inflammation. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35 Suppl:S151-S184. [PMID: 25951989 PMCID: PMC4635070 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancers harbor significant genetic heterogeneity and patterns of relapse following many therapies are due to evolved resistance to treatment. While efforts have been made to combine targeted therapies, significant levels of toxicity have stymied efforts to effectively treat cancer with multi-drug combinations using currently approved therapeutics. We discuss the relationship between tumor-promoting inflammation and cancer as part of a larger effort to develop a broad-spectrum therapeutic approach aimed at a wide range of targets to address this heterogeneity. Specifically, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, cyclooxygenase-2, transcription factor nuclear factor-κB, tumor necrosis factor alpha, inducible nitric oxide synthase, protein kinase B, and CXC chemokines are reviewed as important antiinflammatory targets while curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, lycopene, and anthocyanins are reviewed as low-cost, low toxicity means by which these targets might all be reached simultaneously. Future translational work will need to assess the resulting synergies of rationally designed antiinflammatory mixtures (employing low-toxicity constituents), and then combine this with similar approaches targeting the most important pathways across the range of cancer hallmark phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan Bilsland
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematics and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Amr Amin
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin Health Sciences Institute, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State Univeristy, Karmanos Cancer Center, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Bal L Lokeshwar
- Department of Urology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States; Miami Veterans Administration Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Brendan Grue
- Department of Environmental Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Carolina Panis
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Mediators, State University of West Paraná, UNIOESTE, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Chandra S Boosani
- Department of BioMedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Deepak Poudyal
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Diana M Stafforini
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Dipita Bhakta
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Gunjan Guha
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - H P Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Hiromasa Fujii
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Kanya Honoki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Kapil Mehta
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Katia Aquilano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Leroy Lowe
- Getting to Know Cancer, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Lorne J Hofseth
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Luigi Ricciardiello
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Neetu Singh
- Advanced Molecular Science Research Centre (Centre for Advanced Research), King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Richard L Whelan
- Department of Surgery, St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rupesh Chaturvedi
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - S Salman Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - H M C Shantha Kumara
- Department of Surgery, St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Somaira Nowsheen
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Medical School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Sulma I Mohammed
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - W Nicol Keith
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Xujuan Yang
- University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
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11
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Feitelson MA, Arzumanyan A, Kulathinal RJ, Blain SW, Holcombe RF, Mahajna J, Marino M, Martinez-Chantar ML, Nawroth R, Sanchez-Garcia I, Sharma D, Saxena NK, Singh N, Vlachostergios PJ, Guo S, Honoki K, Fujii H, Georgakilas AG, Bilsland A, Amedei A, Niccolai E, Amin A, Ashraf SS, Boosani CS, Guha G, Ciriolo MR, Aquilano K, Chen S, Mohammed SI, Azmi AS, Bhakta D, Halicka D, Keith WN, Nowsheen S. Sustained proliferation in cancer: Mechanisms and novel therapeutic targets. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35 Suppl:S25-S54. [PMID: 25892662 PMCID: PMC4898971 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 432] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Proliferation is an important part of cancer development and progression. This is manifest by altered expression and/or activity of cell cycle related proteins. Constitutive activation of many signal transduction pathways also stimulates cell growth. Early steps in tumor development are associated with a fibrogenic response and the development of a hypoxic environment which favors the survival and proliferation of cancer stem cells. Part of the survival strategy of cancer stem cells may manifested by alterations in cell metabolism. Once tumors appear, growth and metastasis may be supported by overproduction of appropriate hormones (in hormonally dependent cancers), by promoting angiogenesis, by undergoing epithelial to mesenchymal transition, by triggering autophagy, and by taking cues from surrounding stromal cells. A number of natural compounds (e.g., curcumin, resveratrol, indole-3-carbinol, brassinin, sulforaphane, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, genistein, ellagitannins, lycopene and quercetin) have been found to inhibit one or more pathways that contribute to proliferation (e.g., hypoxia inducible factor 1, nuclear factor kappa B, phosphoinositide 3 kinase/Akt, insulin-like growth factor receptor 1, Wnt, cell cycle associated proteins, as well as androgen and estrogen receptor signaling). These data, in combination with bioinformatics analyses, will be very important for identifying signaling pathways and molecular targets that may provide early diagnostic markers and/or critical targets for the development of new drugs or drug combinations that block tumor formation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Feitelson
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Alla Arzumanyan
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Rob J Kulathinal
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Stacy W Blain
- Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Randall F Holcombe
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jamal Mahajna
- MIGAL-Galilee Technology Center, Cancer Drug Discovery Program, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Maria Marino
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, V.le G. Marconi, 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria L Martinez-Chantar
- Metabolomic Unit, CIC bioGUNE, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Technology Park of Bizkaia, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Roman Nawroth
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Isidro Sanchez-Garcia
- Experimental Therapeutics and Translational Oncology Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC/Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Dipali Sharma
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Neeraj K Saxena
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Neetu Singh
- Tissue and Cell Culture Unit, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Shanchun Guo
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Kanya Honoki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Fujii
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou 15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Alan Bilsland
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Niccolai
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Amr Amin
- Department of Biology, College of Science, UAE University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - S Salman Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, UAE University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Chandra S Boosani
- Department of BioMedical Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Gunjan Guha
- School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Maria Rosa Ciriolo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Katia Aquilano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Sophie Chen
- Department of Research and Development, Ovarian and Prostate Cancer Research Trust Laboratory, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7YG, United Kingdom
| | - Sulma I Mohammed
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Pathology, Karmonas Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Dipita Bhakta
- School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Dorota Halicka
- Brander Cancer Research Institute, Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - W Nicol Keith
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Somaira Nowsheen
- Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Medical School, Mayo Clinic Medical Scientist Training Program, Rochester, MN, United States
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12
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Auxins and Cytokinines Synthesis by Bradyrhizobium japonicum Under Flavonoids Influence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.15407/microbiolj77.05.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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13
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Varinska L, Gal P, Mojzisova G, Mirossay L, Mojzis J. Soy and breast cancer: focus on angiogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:11728-49. [PMID: 26006245 PMCID: PMC4463727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160511728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have revealed that high consumption of soy products is associated with low incidences of hormone-dependent cancers, including breast and prostate cancer. Soybeans contain large amounts of isoflavones, such as the genistein and daidzain. Previously, it has been demonstrated that genistein, one of the predominant soy isoflavones, can inhibit several steps involved in carcinogenesis. It is suggested that genistein possesses pleiotropic molecular mechanisms of action including inhibition of tyrosine kinases, DNA topoisomerase II, 5α-reductase, galectin-induced G2/M arrest, protein histidine kinase, and cyclin-dependent kinases, modulation of different signaling pathways associated with the growth of cancer cells (e.g., NF-κB, Akt, MAPK), etc. Moreover, genistein is also a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis. Uncontrolled angiogenesis is considered as a key step in cancer growth, invasion, and metastasis. Genistein was found to inhibit angiogenesis through regulation of multiple pathways, such as regulation of VEGF, MMPs, EGFR expressions and NF-κB, PI3-K/Akt, ERK1/2 signaling pathways, thereby causing strong antiangiogenic effects. This review focuses on the antiangiogenic properties of soy isoflavonoids and examines their possible underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Varinska
- Department of Pharmacology, P.J. Šafárik University, Faculty of Medicine, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Peter Gal
- Department of Pharmacology, P.J. Šafárik University, Faculty of Medicine, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia.
- Department for Biomedical Research, East-Slovak Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Ondavská 8, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia.
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Commenius University, Odbojárov 10, 832 10 Bratislava, Slovakia.
- Institute of Anatomy, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U nemocnice 3, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Gabriela Mojzisova
- Department of Experimental Medicine, P.J. Šafárik University, Faculty of Medicine, Trieda SNP-1, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Ladislav Mirossay
- Department of Pharmacology, P.J. Šafárik University, Faculty of Medicine, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Jan Mojzis
- Department of Pharmacology, P.J. Šafárik University, Faculty of Medicine, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia.
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14
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Bircsak KM, Aleksunes LM. Interaction of Isoflavones with the BCRP/ABCG2 Drug Transporter. Curr Drug Metab 2015; 16:124-40. [PMID: 26179608 PMCID: PMC4713194 DOI: 10.2174/138920021602150713114921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review will provide a comprehensive overview of the interactions between dietary isoflavones and the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) G2 efflux transporter, which is also named the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). Expressed in a variety of organs including the liver, kidneys, intestine, and placenta, BCRP mediates the disposition and excretion of numerous endogenous chemicals and xenobiotics. Isoflavones are a class of naturallyoccurring compounds that are found at high concentrations in commonly consumed foods and dietary supplements. A number of isoflavones, including genistein and daidzein and their metabolites, interact with BCRP as substrates, inhibitors, and/or modulators of gene expression. To date, a variety of model systems have been employed to study the ability of isoflavones to serve as substrates and inhibitors of BCRP; these include whole cells, inverted plasma membrane vesicles, in situ organ perfusion, as well as in vivo rodent and sheep models. Evidence suggests that BCRP plays a role in mediating the disposition of isoflavones and in particular, their conjugated forms. Furthermore, as inhibitors, these compounds may aid in reversing multidrug resistance and sensitizing cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. This review will also highlight the consequences of altered BCRP expression and/or function on the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of chemicals following isoflavone exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren M Aleksunes
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd. Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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15
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Genistein downregulates onco-miR-1260b and upregulates sFRP1 and Smad4 via demethylation and histone modification in prostate cancer cells. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:1645-54. [PMID: 24504368 PMCID: PMC3960620 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recently several microRNAs (miRNAs) have been found to be regulated by genistein in cancer cells. In this study, we focused on the gene regulatory effect of genistein on microRNA and its target genes in prostate cancer (PC). Methods: Initially, we investigated the effect of genistein on prostate cancer cells and identified that the expression of miRNA-1260b was decreased by genistein. We performed functional analyses and investigated the relationship between miRNA-1260b expression and prostate cancer patient outcomes. Two target genes (sFRP1 and Smad4) of miR-1260b were identified based on computer algorithm and 3′UTR luciferase assay was carried out to determine direct miRNA regulation of the genes. Results: Genistein promoted apoptosis while inhibiting prostate cancer cell proliferation, invasion and TCF reporter activity in PC cells. MiR-1260b was highly expressed in prostate cancer tissues and significantly downregulated by genistein in PC cells. After knocking down miR-1260b, cell proliferation, invasion, migration and TCF reporter activity were decreased in PC cells. Western analysis and 3′UTR luciferase assay showed that the two target genes (sFRP1 and Smad4) were directly regulated by miR-1260b. The expression of sFRP1 and Smad4 was significantly decreased in prostate cancer tissues. Genistein also increased expression of these two genes via DNA demethylation and histone modifications. Conclusions: Our data suggest that genistein exerts its anti-tumour effect via downregulation of miR-1260b that targeted sRRP1 and Smad4 genes in prostate cancer cells. The expression of sFRP1 and Smad4 was also modulated by genistein via DNA methylation or histone modifications in PC cell lines.
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16
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Abstract
The high global incidence of prostate cancer has led to a focus on chemoprevention strategies to reduce the public health impact of the disease. Early studies indicating that selenium and vitamin E might protect against prostate cancer encouraged large-scale studies that produced mixed clinical results. Next-generation prostate cancer prevention trials validated the impact of 5α-reductase inhibitors in hormone-responsive prostate cancer, and these results were confirmed in follow-up studies. Other interventions on the horizon, involving both dietary and pharmacological agents, hold some promise but require further investigation to validate their efficacy. In this Review, we discuss the clinical and preclinical evidence for dietary and pharmacological prevention of prostate cancer and give an overview of future opportunities for chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Thompson
- Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Mail Code 8026, 7979 Wurzbach, Suite 627, Zeller Building, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - April B Cabang
- Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Mail Code 8026, 7979 Wurzbach, Suite 627, Zeller Building, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Michael J Wargovich
- Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Mail Code 8026, 7979 Wurzbach, Suite 627, Zeller Building, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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17
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Ahmad A, Biersack B, Li Y, Bao B, Kong D, Ali S, Banerjee S, Sarkar FH. Perspectives on the role of isoflavones in prostate cancer. AAPS JOURNAL 2013; 15:991-1000. [PMID: 23824838 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-013-9507-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Isoflavones have been investigated in detail for their role in the prevention and therapy of prostate cancer. This is primarily because of the overwhelming data connecting high dietary isoflavone intake with reduced risk of developing prostate cancer. A number of investigations have evaluated the mechanism(s) of anticancer action of isoflavones such as genistein, daidzein, biochanin A, equol, etc., in various prostate cancer models, both in vitro and in vivo. Genistein quickly jumped to the forefront of isoflavone cancer research, but the initial enthusiasm was followed by reports on its contradictory prometastatic and tumor-promoting effects. Use of soy isoflavone mixture has been advocated as an alternative, wherein daidzein can negate harmful effects of genistein. Recent research indicates a novel role of genistein and other isoflavones in the potentiation of radiation therapy, epigenetic regulation of key tumor suppressors and oncogenes, and the modulation of miRNAs, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and cancer stem cells, which has renewed the interest of cancer researchers in this class of anticancer compounds. This comprehensive review article summarizes our current understanding of the role of isoflavones in prostate cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir Ahmad
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 740 HWCRC Bldg, 4100 John R. Street, Detroit, Michigan, 48201,, USA
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18
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Zuniga KE, Clinton SK, Erdman JW. The interactions of dietary tomato powder and soy germ on prostate carcinogenesis in the TRAMP model. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2013; 6:548-57. [PMID: 23592738 PMCID: PMC3681090 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-12-0443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The interactions between bioactive-rich food components within a complex human diet for the inhibition of prostate carcinogenesis are largely unknown and difficult to quantify in humans. Tomato and soy products have each shown anti-prostate cancer (PCa) activity in laboratory studies. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of dietary tomato and soy germ, alone and in combination, for the inhibition of PCa in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model. At 4 weeks of age, male C57BL/6 × FVB TRAMP mice (n = 119) were randomized to consume: AIN-93G control, 10% whole tomato powder (TP), 2% soy germ powder (SG), or 10% tomato powder with 2% soy germ powder (TP+SG) for 14 weeks. One hundred percent of mice fed the control diet had PCa, whereas PCa incidence was significantly lower in mice consuming TP (61%, P < 0.001), SG (66%, P < 0.001), and TP+SG (45%, P < 0.001). Although the protection offered by the combination of TP and SG was not synergistic, it was the most effective intervention. TP, SG, and TP+SG increased apoptotic index (AI) and modestly reduced the proliferative index (PI) in the prostate epithelium of TRAMP mice exhibiting primarily prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. The dramatic reduction in the PI/AI ratio by the dietary interventions suggests that the control mice experience a stronger stimulus for malignant progression in the prostate microenvironment. Maximally effective and safe strategies for PCa prevention may result from optimizing combinations of nutrients and bioactives through an orchestration of dietary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystle E. Zuniga
- Division of Nutritional Sciences and Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Steven K Clinton
- Division of Medical Oncology and the James Cancer Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - John W. Erdman
- Division of Nutritional Sciences and Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
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19
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Luo LJ, Liu F, Lin ZK, Xie YF, Xu JL, Tong QC, Shu R. Genistein regulates the IL-1 beta induced activation of MAPKs in human periodontal ligament cells through G protein-coupled receptor 30. Arch Biochem Biophys 2012; 522:9-16. [PMID: 22521737 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 04/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells are fibroblasts that play key roles in tissue integrity, periodontal inflammation and tissue regeneration in the periodontium. The periodontal tissue destruction in periodontitis is mediated by host tissue-produced inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Here, we report the expression of G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30, also known as G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 GPER) in human PDL cells and its regulation by IL-1β. IL-1β-induced GPR30 expression in human PDL cells leads to the activation of multiple signaling pathways, including MAPK, NF-κB and PI3K. In contrast, genistein, an estrogen receptor ligand, postpones the activation of MAPKs induced by IL-1β. Moreover, the inhibition of GPR30 by G15, a GPR30-specific antagonist, eliminates this delay. Thus, genistein plays a role in the regulation of MAPK activation via GPR30, and GPR30 represents a novel target regulated by steroid hormones in PDL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Luo
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiading Central Hospital, and Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong, University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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20
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Zhang J, Wang L, Zhang Y, Li L, Higgins L, Lü J. Lobe-specific proteome changes in the dorsal-lateral and ventral prostate of TRAMP mice versus wild-type mice. Proteomics 2011; 11:2542-9. [PMID: 21598396 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) is the most widely used transgenic model for prostate cancer chemoprevention studies. Although two lobe-specific lineages of carcinogenesis have been described, the molecular mechanisms are still poorly defined. Here, we concurrently profiled the proteome of dorsal-lateral (DLP) and ventral (VP) prostate lobes of both TRAMP and littermate WT C57BL/6 mice of 18 wk by 2-D LC-MALDI-TOF/TOF with iTRAQ labeling. A total of 483 and 748 proteins were identified at critical false discovery rates of 1 and 5%. In WT mice, 84 proteins were found to have different expression levels between DLP and VP. In TRAMP mice, 118 proteins significantly changed in DLP and/or VP during TRAMP carcinogenesis. Among them, 55 and 36 proteins were uniquely changed in DLP or VP lobe, respectively, and 27 proteins in both DLP and LP lobe. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was able to segregate proteins changed in two lobes into different pathway networks. In addition to serving as reference for prostate proteomic profiles, our data suggest that different sets of proteins are involved in the carcinogenesis in DLP versus VP in the TRAMP model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Zhang
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA.
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21
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Mimeault M, Batra SK. Frequent gene products and molecular pathways altered in prostate cancer- and metastasis-initiating cells and their progenies and novel promising multitargeted therapies. Mol Med 2011; 17:949-64. [PMID: 21607288 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2011.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent gene expression profiling analyses and gain- and loss-of-function studies performed with distinct prostate cancer (PC) cell models indicated that the alterations in specific gene products and molecular pathways often occur in PC stem/progenitor cells and their progenies during prostate carcinogenesis and metastases at distant sites, including bones. Particularly, the sustained activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), hedgehog, Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, hyaluronan (HA)/CD44 and stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) during the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process may provide critical functions for PC progression to locally invasive, metastatic and androgen-independent disease states and treatment resistance. Moreover, an enhanced glycolytic metabolism in PC stem/progenitor cells and their progenies concomitant with the changes in their local microenvironment, including the induction of tumor hypoxia and release of diverse soluble factors by tumor myofibroblasts, also may promote the tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastases. More particularly, these molecular transforming events may cooperate to upregulate Akt, nuclear factor (NF)-κB, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) and stemness gene products such as Oct3/4, Sox2, Nanog and Bmi-1 in PC cells that contribute to their acquisition of high self-renewal, tumorigenic and invasive capacities and survival advantages during PC progression. Consequently, the molecular targeting of these deregulated gene products in the PC- and metastasis-initiating cells and their progenies represent new promising therapeutic strategies of great clinical interest for eradicating the total PC cell mass and improving current antihormonal treatments and docetaxel-based chemotherapies, thereby preventing disease relapse and the death of PC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murielle Mimeault
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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22
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Animal models relevant to human prostate carcinogenesis underlining the critical implication of prostatic stem/progenitor cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2011; 1816:25-37. [PMID: 21396984 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2011.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2011] [Revised: 02/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent development of animal models relevant to human prostate cancer (PC) etiopathogenesis has provided important information on the specific functions provided by key gene products altered during disease initiation and progression to locally invasive, metastatic and hormone-refractory stages. Especially, the characterization of transgenic mouse models has indicated that the inactivation of distinct tumor suppressor proteins such as phosphatase tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), Nkx3.1, p27(KIP1), p53 and retinoblastoma (pRb) may cooperate for the malignant transformation of prostatic stem/progenitor cells into PC stem/progenitor cells and tumor development and metastases. Moreover, the sustained activation of diverse oncogenic signaling elements, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), sonic hedgehog, Wnt/β-catenin, c-Myc, Akt and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) also may contribute to the acquisition of more aggressive and hormone-refractory phenotypes by PC stem/progenitor cells and their progenies during disease progression. Importantly, it has also been shown that an enrichment of PC stem/progenitor cells expressing stem cell-like markers may occur after androgen deprivation therapy and docetaxel treatment in the transgenic mouse models of PC suggesting the critical implication of these immature PC cells in treatment resistance, tumor re-growth and disease recurrence. Of clinical interest, the molecular targeting of distinct gene products altered in PC cells by using different dietary compounds has also been shown to counteract PC initiation and progression in animal models supporting their potential use as chemopreventive or chemotherapeutic agents for eradicating the total tumor cell mass, improving current anti-hormonal and chemotherapies and preventing disease relapse.
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23
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Hu R, Saw CLL, Yu R, Kong ANT. Regulation of NF-E2-related factor 2 signaling for cancer chemoprevention: antioxidant coupled with antiinflammatory. Antioxid Redox Signal 2010; 13:1679-98. [PMID: 20486765 PMCID: PMC2966483 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer chemoprevention is a process of using either natural or synthetic compounds to reduce the risk of developing cancer. Observations that NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-deficient mice lack response to some chemopreventive agents point to the important role of Nrf2 in chemoprevention. Nrf2 is a member of basic-leucine zipper transcription factor family and has been shown to regulate gene expression by binding to a response element, antioxidant responsive element. It is generally believed that activation of Nrf2 signaling is an adaptive response to the environmental and endogenous stresses. Under homeostatic conditions, Nrf2 is suppressed by association with Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), but is stimulated upon exposure to oxidative or electrophilic stress. Once activated, Nrf2 translocates into nuclei and upregulates a group of genes that act in concert to combat oxidative stress. Nrf2 is also shown to have protective function against inflammation, a pathological process that could contribute to carcinogenesis. In this review, we will discuss the current progress in the study of Nrf2 signaling, in particular, the mechanisms of Nrf2 activation by chemopreventive agents. We will also discuss some of the potential caveats of Nrf2 in cancer treatment and future opportunity and challenges on regulation of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant and antiinflammatory signaling in the context of cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Hu
- Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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24
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de Souza PL, Russell PJ, Kearsley JH, Howes LG. Clinical pharmacology of isoflavones and its relevance for potential prevention of prostate cancer. Nutr Rev 2010; 68:542-55. [PMID: 20796219 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00314.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoflavones are phytoestrogens that have pleiotropic effects in a wide variety of cancer cell lines. Many of these biological effects involve key components of signal transduction pathways within cancer cells, including prostate cancer cells. Epidemiological studies have raised the hypothesis that isoflavones may play an important role in the prevention and modulation of prostate cancer growth. Since randomized phase III trials of isoflavones in prostate cancer prevention are currently lacking, the best evidence for this concept is presently provided by case control studies. However, in vitro data are much more convincing in regard to the activity of a number of isoflavones, and have led to the development of genistein and phenoxodiol in the clinic as potential treatments for cancer. In addition, the potential activity of isoflavones in combination with cytotoxics or radiotherapy warrants further investigation. This review focuses on the clinical pharmacology of isoflavones and its relevance to their development for use in the prevention of prostate cancer, and it evaluates some of the conflicting data in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L de Souza
- St. George Hospital Clinical School, UNSW, Kogarah, New South Wales, Australia.
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25
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Kumi-Diaka J, Merchant K, Haces A, Hormann V, Johnson M. Genistein-Selenium Combination Induces Growth Arrest in Prostate Cancer Cells. J Med Food 2010; 13:842-50. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2009.0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James Kumi-Diaka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Davie, Florida, USA
| | - Kendra Merchant
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Davie, Florida, USA
| | - Alberto Haces
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Davie, Florida, USA
| | - Vanessa Hormann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Davie, Florida, USA
| | - Michelle Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Davie, Florida, USA
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26
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Lima GAB, Corrêa LL, Gabrich R, Miranda LCDD, Gadelha MR. IGF-I, insulin and prostate cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 53:969-75. [PMID: 20126849 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27302009000800010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2009] [Accepted: 11/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most frequent malignancy diagnosed in adult men. Androgens are considered the primary growth factors for prostate normal and cancer cells. However, other non-androgenic growth factors are involved in the growth regulation of prostate cancer cells. The association between IGF-I and prostate cancer risk is well established. However, there is no evidence that the measurement of IGF-I enhances the specificity of prostate cancer detection beyond that achievable by serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. Until now, there is no consensus on the possible association between IGFBP-3 and prostate cancer risk. Although not well established, it seems that high insulin levels are particularly associated with risk of aggressive prostatic tumours. This review describes the physiopathological basis, epidemiological evidence, and animal models that support the association of the IGFs family and insulin with prostate cancer. It also describes the potential therapies targeting these growth factors that, in the future, can be used to treat patients with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna A Balarini Lima
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
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Yan GR, Xiao CL, He GW, Yin XF, Chen NP, Cao Y, He QY. Global phosphoproteomic effects of natural tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein, on signaling pathways. Proteomics 2010; 10:976-86. [PMID: 20049867 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Genistein is a natural protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor that exerts anti-cancer effect by inducing G2/M arrest and apoptosis. However, the phosphotyrosine signaling pathways mediated by genistein are largely unknown. In this study, we combined tyrosine phosphoprotein enrichment with MS-based quantitative proteomics technology to globally identify genistein-regulated tyrosine phosphoproteins aiming to depict genistein-inhibited phosphotyrosine cascades. Our experiments resulted in the identification of 213 phosphotyrosine sites on 181 genistein-regulated proteins. Many identified phosphoproteins, including nine protein kinases, eight receptors, five protein phosphatases, seven transcriptical regulators and four signal adaptors, were novel inhibitory effectors with no previously known function in the anti-cancer mechanism of genistein. Functional analysis suggested that genistein-regulated protein tyrosine phosphorylation mainly by inhibiting the activity of tyrosine kinase EGFR, PDGFR, insulin receptor, Abl, Fgr, Itk, Fyn and Src. Core signaling molecules inhibited by genistein can be functionally categorized into the canonial Receptor-MAPK or Receptor-PI3K/AKT cascades. The method used here may be suitable for the identification of inhibitory effectors and tyrosine kinases regulated by anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Rong Yan
- Institute of Life and Health Engineering, and National Engineering and Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P R China
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Lee DE, Lee KW, Song NR, Seo SK, Heo YS, Kang NJ, Bode AM, Lee HJ, Dong Z. 7,3',4'-Trihydroxyisoflavone inhibits epidermal growth factor-induced proliferation and transformation of JB6 P+ mouse epidermal cells by suppressing cyclin-dependent kinases and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:21458-66. [PMID: 20444693 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.094797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that isoflavones exhibit anti-proliferative activity against epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor-positive malignancies of the breast, colon, skin, and prostate. 7,3',4'-Trihydroxyisoflavone (7,3',4'-THIF) is one of the metabolites of daidzein, a well known soy isoflavone, but its chemopreventive activity and the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, 7,3',4'-THIF prevented EGF-induced neoplastic transformation and proliferation of JB6 P+ mouse epidermal cells. It significantly blocked cell cycle progression of EGF-stimulated cells at the G(1) phase. As shown by Western blot, 7,3',4'-THIF suppressed the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein at Ser-795 and Ser-807/Ser-811, which are the specific sites of phosphorylation by cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4. It also inhibited the expression of G(1) phase-regulatory proteins, including cyclin D1, CDK4, cyclin E, and CDK2. In addition to regulating the expression of cell cycle-regulatory proteins, 7,3',4'-THIF bound to CDK4 and CDK2 and strongly inhibited their kinase activities. It also bound to phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), strongly inhibiting its kinase activity and thereby suppressing the Akt/GSK-3beta/AP-1 pathway and subsequently attenuating the expression of cyclin D1. Collectively, these results suggest that CDKs and PI3K are the primary molecular targets of 7,3',4'-THIF in the suppression of EGF-induced cell proliferation. These insights into the biological actions of 7,3',4'-THIF provide a molecular basis for the possible development of new chemoprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Eun Lee
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota 55912, USA
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Prepubertal genistein exposure affects erbB2/Akt signal and reduces rat mammary tumorigenesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 2010; 19:110-9. [DOI: 10.1097/cej.0b013e3283362a3e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Harper CE, Cook LM, Patel BB, Wang J, Eltoum IA, Arabshari A, Shirai T, Lamartiniere CA. Genistein and resveratrol, alone and in combination, suppress prostate cancer in SV-40 tag rats. Prostate 2009; 69:1668-82. [PMID: 19670229 PMCID: PMC2758814 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemoprevention utilizing dietary agents is an effective means to slow the development of prostate cancer. We evaluated the potential additive and synergistic effects of genistein and resveratrol for suppressing prostate cancer in the Simian Virus-40 T-antigen (SV-40 Tag) targeted probasin promoter rat model, a transgenic model of spontaneously developing prostate cancer. METHODS Rats were fed genistein or resveratrol (250 mg/kg AIN-76A diet) alone and in combination, and a low-dose combination (83 mg genistein + 83 mg resveratrol/kg diet). Histopathology and mechanisms of action studies were conducted at 30 and 12 weeks of age, respectively. RESULTS Genistein, resveratrol, and the high-dose combination treatments suppressed prostate cancer. The low-dose combination did not elicit protection against prostate cancer and was most likely below the effective dose for causing significant histopathological changes. Total genistein and resveratrol concentrations in the blood reached 2,160 and 211 nM, respectively in rats exposed to the single treatments. Polyphenol treatments decreased cell proliferation and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) protein expression in the prostate. In addition, genistein as a single agent induced apoptosis and decreased steroid receptor coactivator-3 (SRC-3) in the ventral prostate (VP). CONCLUSIONS Genistein and resveratrol, alone and in combination, suppress prostate cancer development in the SV-40 Tag model. Regulation of SRC-3 and growth factor signaling proteins are consistent with these nutritional polyphenols reducing cell proliferation and increasing apoptosis in the prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curt E. Harper
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Leah M. Cook
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Brijesh B. Patel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Isam A. Eltoum
- UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ali Arabshari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Coral A. Lamartiniere
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- To whom requests for reprints should be addressed: Dr. Coral A. Lamartiniere, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 1670 University Blvd., Volker Hall 124, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0019.
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Je HD, Sohn UD. Inhibitory effect of genistein on agonist-induced modulation of vascular contractility. Mol Cells 2009; 27:191-8. [PMID: 19277501 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-009-0052-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2008] [Revised: 01/16/2009] [Accepted: 02/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to determine whether treatment with genistein, the plant-derived estrogen-like compound influences agonist-induced vascular smooth muscle contraction and, if so, to investigate related mechanisms. The measurement of isometric contractions using a computerized data acquisition system was combined with molecular experiments. Genistein completely inhibited KCl-, phorbol ester-, phenylephrine-, fluoride- and thromboxane A(2)-induced contractions. An inactive analogue, daidzein, completely inhibited only fluoride-induced contraction regardless of endothelial function, suggesting some difference between the mechanisms of RhoA/Rho-kinase activators such as fluoride and thromboxane A(2). Furthermore, genistein and daidzein each significantly decreased phosphorylation of MYPT1 at Thr855 had been induced by a thromboxane A(2) mimetic. Interestingly, iberiotoxin, a blocker of large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels, did not inhibit the relaxation response to genistein or daidzein in denuded aortic rings precontracted with fluoride. In conclusion, genistein or daidzein elicit similar relaxing responses in fluoride-induced contractions, regardless of tyrosine kinase inhibition or endothelial function, and the relaxation caused by genistein or daidzein was not antagonized by large conductance K(Ca)-channel inhibitors in the denuded muscle. This suggests that the RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway rather than K(+)-channels are involved in the genistein-induced vasodilation. In addition, based on molecular and physiological results, only one vasoconstrictor fluoride seems to be a full RhoA/Rho-kinase activator; the others are partial activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Dong Je
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, 712-702, Korea
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Harper CE, Patel BB, Cook LM, Wang J, Shirai T, Eltoum IA, Lamartiniere CA. Characterization of SV-40 Tag rats as a model to study prostate cancer. BMC Cancer 2009; 9:30. [PMID: 19171036 PMCID: PMC2639608 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-9-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2008] [Accepted: 01/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer in men. Animal models that closely mimic clinical disease in humans are invaluable tools in the fight against prostate cancer. Recently, a Simian Virus-40 T-antigen (SV-40 Tag) targeted probasin promoter rat model was developed. This model, however, has not been extensively characterized; hence we have investigated the ontogeny of prostate cancer and determined the role of sex steroid receptor and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling proteins in the novel SV-40 Tag rat. Methods The SV-40 Tag rat was histopathologically characterized for time to tumor development, incidence and multiplicity and in the ventral, dorsal, lateral and anterior lobes of the prostate. Immunoassay techniques were employed to measure cell proliferation, apoptosis, and sex steroid receptor and growth factor signaling-related proteins. Steroid hormone concentrations were measured via coated well enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Results Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and well-differentiated prostate cancer developed as early as 2 and 10 weeks of age, respectively in the ventral prostate (VP) followed by in the dorsolateral (DLP). At 8 weeks of age, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) concentrations in SV-40 Tag rats were increased when compared to non-transgenic rats. High cell proliferation and apoptotic indices were found in VP and DLP of transgenic rats. Furthermore, we observed increased protein expression of androgen receptor, IGF-1, IGF-1 receptor, and extracellular signal-regulated kinases in the prostates of SV-40 Tag rats. Conclusion The rapid development of PIN and prostate cancer in conjunction with the large prostate size makes the SV-40 Tag rat a useful model for studying prostate cancer. This study provides evidence of the role of sex steroid and growth factor proteins in prostate cancer development and defines appropriate windows of opportunity for preclinical trials and aids in the rational design of chemoprevention, intervention, regression, and therapeutic studies using prostate cancer rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curt E Harper
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
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Isoflavones and the prevention of breast and prostate cancer: new perspectives opened by nutrigenomics. Br J Nutr 2009; 99 E Suppl 1:ES78-108. [PMID: 18503737 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114508965788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence together with preclinical data from animal and in vitro studies strongly support a correlation between soy isoflavone consumption and protection towards breast and prostate cancers. The biological processes modulated by isoflavones, and especially by genistein, have been extensively studied, yet without leading to a clear understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of action involved. This review discusses the existing gaps in our knowledge and evaluates the potential of the new nutrigenomic approaches to improve the study of the molecular effects of isoflavones. Several issues need to be taken into account for the proper interpretation of the results already published for isoflavones. Too often knowledge on isoflavone bioavailability is not taken into account; supra-physiological doses are frequently used. Characterization of the individual variability as defined by the gut microflora composition and gene polymorphisms may also help to explain the discrepancies observed so far in the clinical studies. Finally, the complex inter-relations existing between tissues and cell types as well as cross-talks between metabolic and signalling pathways have been insufficiently considered. By appraising critically the abundant literature with these considerations in mind, the mechanisms of action that are the more likely to play a role in the preventive effects of isoflavones towards breast and prostate cancers are reviewed. Furthermore, the new perspectives opened by the use of genetic, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic approaches are highlighted.
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Teillet F, Boumendjel A, Boutonnat J, Ronot X. Flavonoids as RTK inhibitors and potential anticancer agents. Med Res Rev 2008; 28:715-45. [PMID: 18080331 DOI: 10.1002/med.20122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase receptors (RTKs) play a crucial role in the regulation of the cell division cycle. Currently more than 50 RTKs divided into several subfamilies have been described. The inhibition of these enzymes has emerged as an important research-area. Compounds able to inhibit the activity of these enzymes are expected to display antiproliferative properties. Flavonoids are representative of various small molecules acting as RTK inhibitors. These naturally occurring compounds are able to bind to the ATP-binding site of several kinases. The most plausible current hypothesis explaining the action of these substances on kinases is that the chromenone moiety of the flavonoid acts as a mimetic of the adenine moiety of ATP, the receptor co-factor. In this review, we report recent results on the activity of natural and synthetic derivatives of flavonoids as inhibitors of RTKs. Mechanistic aspects, the therapeutic usefulness, and the potential clinical use are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Teillet
- Laboratoire de Dynamique Cellulaire, EPHE, Laboratoire TIMC-IMAG, UMR-CNRS 5525, Université Joseph Fourier, Pavillon Taillefer, 38706 La Tronche Cedex, France
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Barve A, Khor TO, Nair S, Lin W, Yu S, Jain MR, Chan JY, Kong AN. Pharmacogenomic profile of soy isoflavone concentrate in the prostate of Nrf2 deficient and wild-type mice. J Pharm Sci 2008; 97:4528-45. [PMID: 18236473 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of Nrf2-a bZip transcription factor in soy isoflavones induced protection against oxidative stress and cancer has been reported. To gain better insight into the role of Nrf2 in prostate cancer chemoprevention by soy isoflavones, we examined the pharmacogenomics and gene expression profiles elicited by soy isoflavones in the prostates of C57BL/6J/Nrf2(-/-) and C57BL6J/Nrf2(+/+) wildtype. The profiles were analyzed using 45000 Affymetrix mouse genome 430-2.0 array and Genespring-7.2 software. The results obtained from microarray were further validated by real-time reverse transcription-PCR. Clusters of genes that were induced or suppressed more than twofold were identified as Nrf2 regulated soy isoflavone induced or suppressed genes. Classification based on their biological function revealed that genes mainly belonging to the categories of electron transport, phase II metabolizing enzymes, cell growth and differentiation, apoptosis, cell cycle, transcription factors, transport, mRNA processing, and carbohydrate homeostasis were either induced or suppressed by soy isoflavone and regulated by Nrf2. In addition, modulation of novel target genes such as LATS2 and GREB1 were identified to be mediated by Nrf2. Thus our current study provides a potential link between cancer chemopreventive properties of soy derived phytochemicals, the transcription factor Nrf2 and prevention of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avantika Barve
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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Tea polyphenols and their roles in cancer prevention and chemotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2008; 9:1196-1206. [PMID: 19325799 PMCID: PMC2635719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms9071196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2008] [Revised: 06/26/2008] [Accepted: 06/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many plant-derived, dietary polyphenols have been studied for their chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic properties against human cancers, including green tea polyphenols, genistein (found in soy), apigenin (celery, parsley), luteolin (broccoli), quercetin (onions), kaempferol (broccoli, grapefruits), curcumin (turmeric), etc. The more we understand their involved molecular mechanisms and cellular targets, the better we could utilize these “natural gifts” for the prevention and treatment of human cancer. Furthermore, better understanding of their structure-activity relationships will guide synthesis of analog compounds with improved bio-availability, stability, potency and specificity. This review focuses on green tea polyphenols and seeks to summarize several reported biological effects of tea polyphenols in human cancer systems, highlight the molecular targets and pathways identified, and discuss the role of tea polyphenols in the prevention and treatment of human cancer. The review also briefly describes several other dietary polyphenols and their biological effects on cancer prevention and chemotherapy.
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Targeting receptor tyrosine kinases for chemoprevention by green tea catechin, EGCG. Int J Mol Sci 2008; 9:1034-1049. [PMID: 19325845 PMCID: PMC2658783 DOI: 10.3390/ijms9061034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2008] [Revised: 06/04/2008] [Accepted: 06/04/2008] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea is one of the most popular beverages consumed worldwide. Epidemiologic studies show an inverse relationship between consumption of tea, especially green tea, and development of cancers. Numerous in vivo and in vitro studies indicate strong chemopreventive effects for green tea and its constituents against cancers of various organs. (–)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major catechin in green tea, appears to be the most biologically active constituent in tea with respect to inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. Recent studies indicate that the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are one of the critical targets of EGCG to inhibit cancer cell growth. EGCG inhibits the activation of EGFR (erbB1), HER2 (neu/erbB2) and also HER3 (neu/erbB3), which belong to subclass I of the RTK superfamily, in various types of human cancer cells. The activation of IGF-1 and VEGF receptors, the other members of RTK family, is also inhibited by EGCG. In addition, EGCG alters membrane lipid organization and thus inhibits the dimerization and activation of EGFR. Therefore, EGCG inhibits the Ras/MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, which are RTK-related cell signaling pathways, as well as the activation of AP-1 and NF-κB, thereby modulating the expression of target genes which are associated with induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in cancer cells. These findings are significant because abnormalities in the expression and function of RTKs and their downstream effectors play a critical role in the development of several types of human malignancies. In this paper we review evidence indicating that EGCG exerts anticancer effects, at least in part, through inhibition of activation of the specific RTKs and conclude that targeting RTKs and related signaling pathway by tea catechins might be a promising strategy for the prevention of human cancers.
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Key Words
- AP-1, activator protein-1
- COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2
- EC, (–)-epicatechin
- ECG, epicatechin-3-gallate
- EGC, (–)-epigallocatechin
- EGCG
- EGCG, (–)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate
- EGF, epidermal growth factor
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- FGF, fibroblast growth factor
- FGFR, fibroblast growth factor receptor
- HNSCC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
- IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor-1
- IGF-1R, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor
- IGFBP, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein
- IKKα, inhibitor of κB kinase-α
- IκBα, inhibitor of κB-α
- LR, laminin receptor
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MEK, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase
- MMP, matrix metalloproteinase
- PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor
- PDGFR, platelet-derived growth factor receptor
- PGE2prostaglandin E2
- PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
- Poly E, polyphenon E
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- RTK
- RTK, receptor tyrosine kinase
- Stat, signal transducers and activator of transcription
- TGFα, transforming growth factor-α
- TRAMP, transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate
- Tea catechins
- UV, ultraviolet
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor
- cell signaling pathway
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Burich RA, Holland WS, Vinall RL, Tepper C, White RWD, Mack PC. Genistein combined polysaccharide enhances activity of docetaxel, bicalutamide and Src kinase inhibition in androgen-dependent and independent prostate cancer cell lines. BJU Int 2008; 102:1458-66. [PMID: 18565171 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2008.07826.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the benefit of genistein combined polysaccharide (GCP) in combination with the androgen receptor antagonist bicalutamide, the antimicrotubule taxane docetaxel, and the Src kinase inhibitor pp2 as part of a treatment regimen for advanced prostate cancer (CaP). MATERIALS AND METHODS The growth inhibitory and apoptotic effects of GCP in combination with bicalutamide, docetaxel and pp2 were evaluated in both the androgen-dependent LNCaP line, and three androgen-independent lines: CWR22Rv1, PC-3, and LNCaP-R273H. The LNCaP-R273H model is an LNCaP variant expressing a p53(GOF) allele; like CWR22Rv1 and PC-3, it is able to grow in a minimal androgen environment. The effects of GCP treatment in combination with the aforementioned drugs were measured using an MTT assay, Western blotting, flow cytometric analysis, and caspase activation assay. Altered schedules of drug administration were explored using combinations of GCP and docetaxel. RESULTS GCP potentiated the activity of docetaxel in all four cell lines, resulting in growth inhibition and increased apoptosis. The combination of GCP and bicalutamide had enhanced activity in both the LNCaP and LNCaP-R273H lines, which may better represent patient tumour cells after progression to androgen independence. Administration of docetaxel followed by GCP resulted in a synergistic interaction in LNCaP cells, with increased apoptosis. By contrast, GCP administered first showed subadditivity, probably resulting from GCP-mediated induction of G1 arrest interfering with docetaxel activity. CONCLUSION These data suggest that GCP, an isoflavone-enriched compound with minimal side-effects and far superior intestinal absorption rate of genistein, has significant clinical potential in combination with docetaxel, bicalutamide or targeted agents for the treatment of advanced CaP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah A Burich
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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Hamilton-Reeves JM, Rebello SA, Thomas W, Kurzer MS, Slaton JW. Effects of soy protein isolate consumption on prostate cancer biomarkers in men with HGPIN, ASAP, and low-grade prostate cancer. Nutr Cancer 2008; 60:7-13. [PMID: 18444130 DOI: 10.1080/01635580701586770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Fifty-eight men at high risk of prostate cancer or with low-grade prostate cancer were randomly assigned to consume 1 of 3 protein isolates containing 40 g protein: 1) soy protein (SPI+, 107 mg isoflavones/d); 2) alcohol-washed soy protein (SPI-, <6 mg isoflavones/d); or 3) milk protein (MPI). Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), epidermal growth factor receptor, B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) were assessed in baseline and ending prostate biopsy cores. Serum collected at 0, 3, and 6 mo was analyzed for total and free prostate specific antigen (PSA). Consumption of SPI+ did not alter any of the prostate cancer tumor markers. Bax expression decreased from baseline in the SPI- group, resulting in lower Bax expression than the MPI group. PCNA expression also decreased from baseline in the SPI- group, but this was not different from the other 2 groups. PSA did not differ among the groups at 3 or 6 mo. Interestingly, a lower rate of prostate cancer developed in the soy groups compared to the milk group (P = 0.01). These data suggest that 6-mo SPI+ consumption does not alter prostate tissue biomarkers, SPI- consumption exerts mixed effects, and less prostate cancer is detected after 6 mo of soy consumption regardless of isoflavone content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill M Hamilton-Reeves
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55455, USA
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Abstract
It is estimated that nearly one-third of all cancer deaths in the United States could be prevented through appropriate dietary modification. Various dietary antioxidants have shown considerable promise as effective agents for cancer prevention by reducing oxidative stress which has been implicated in the development of many diseases, including cancer. Therefore, for reducing the incidence of cancer, modifications in dietary habits, especially by increasing consumption of fruits and vegetables rich in antioxidants, are increasingly advocated. Accumulating research evidence suggests that many dietary factors may be used alone or in combination with traditional chemotherapeutic agents to prevent the occurrence of cancer, their metastatic spread, or even to treat cancer. The reduced cancer risk and lack of toxicity associated with high intake of fruits and vegetables suggest that specific concentrations of antioxidant agents from these dietary sources may produce cancer chemopreventive effects without causing significant levels of toxicity. This review presents an extensive analysis of the key findings from studies on the effects of dietary antioxidants such as tea polyphenols, curcumin, genistein, resveratrol, lycopene, pomegranate, and lupeol against cancers of the skin, prostate, breast, lung, and liver. This research is also leading to the identification of novel cancer drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naghma Khan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Johnson TL, Lai MB, Lai JCK, Bhushan A. Inhibition of Cell Proliferation and MAP Kinase and Akt Pathways in Oral Squamous cell Carcinoma by Genistein and Biochanin A. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2008; 7:351-8. [PMID: 18955325 PMCID: PMC2887331 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nen011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2007] [Accepted: 01/16/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
High morbidity and mortality associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are largely attributable to late stage diagnosis. Despite significant advances in therapeutic strategies, the five-year survival rate for oral cancer remains at about 50%. A chemopreventive approach may be an effective alternative or adjunct to current therapies. Previous studies have shown anti-tumor effects of isoflavones in several cancers, including oral cancer. However, their mechanisms of action are still unclear. We hypothesized that isoflavones inhibit multiple signaling pathways implicated in oral carcinogenesis. To address our hypothesis, we investigated the effects of three isoflavone derivatives, genistein, biochanin A and daidzein, on SCC15 and SCC25 squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. In cell proliferation experiments, we found that genistein and biochanin A inhibited SCC15 and SCC25 cell growth with an IC50 of 50 μM. We also investigated the effect of isoflavones on ERK and Akt pathways. Our results, from western blot analysis, suggest that both genistein and biochanin A induced decreases in phosphorylation of ERK and Akt at treatment concentrations of 20, 50 and 100 μM. Taken together, our results clearly demonstrate a differential regulation of signaling pathways by various isoflavones in OSCC cell lines. Thus, tumor progression models can be utilized to study the preventive and therapeutic roles of isoflavones in oral cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara L Johnson
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Biomedical Research Institute, Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho, USA
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42
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Saracino MR, Lampe JW. Phytochemical regulation of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases: implications for cancer prevention. Nutr Cancer 2008; 59:121-41. [PMID: 18001207 DOI: 10.1080/01635580701458178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are Phase II biotransformation enzymes that metabolize endogenous and exogenous compounds, some of which have been associated with cancer risk. Many phytochemicals have been shown to induce UGTs in humans, rodents, and cell culture systems. Because UGTs maintain hormone balance and facilitate excretion of potentially carcinogenic compounds, regulation of their expression and activity may affect cancer risk. Phytochemicals regulate transcription factors such as the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), aryl hydrocarbon, and pregnane X receptors as well as proteins in several signal transduction cascades that converge on Nrf2 to stimulate UGT expression. This induction can be modified by several factors, including phytochemical dose and bioavailability and interindividual variation in enzyme expression. In this review, we summarize the knowledge of dietary modulation of UGTs, particularly by phytochemicals, and discuss the potential mechanisms by which phytochemicals regulate UGT transcription.
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Harper CE, Patel BB, Wang J, Eltoum IA, Lamartiniere CA. Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate suppresses early stage, but not late stage prostate cancer in TRAMP mice: mechanisms of action. Prostate 2007; 67:1576-89. [PMID: 17705241 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men in the United States. Many men have implemented purported chemopreventive agents into their daily diet in an attempt to delay the early onset of a PCa. Green tea polyphenols, one such agent, has been shown to be chemopreventive in skin, breast, and prostate cancers. We hypothesized that Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG), the major polyphenol found in green tea, will exert its chemopreventive effect in the prostate via regulation of sex steroid receptor, growth factor-signaling, and inflammatory pathways. METHODS Five-week-old male TRAMP (Transgenic Adenocarcinoma Mouse Prostate) offspring were fed AIN-76A diet and 0.06% EGCG in tap water. Animals were sacrificed at 28 weeks of age and the entire prostates were scored histopathologically. In addition, animals were sacrificed at 12 weeks of age and ventral (VP) and dorsolateral (DLP) prostates were removed for histopathological evaluation and immunoblot analyses or ELISA. RESULTS EGCG, inhibited early but not late stage PCa in the current study. In the VP, EGCG significantly reduced cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and decreased androgen receptor (AR), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (phospho-ERKs 1 and 2), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). CONCLUSIONS The attenuation of the AR, the down-regulation of potent growth factor IGF-1, modulation of inflammation biomarkers, and decrease in the MAPK signaling may contribute to the reduction in cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis and hence provide a biochemical basis for EGCG suppressing PCa without toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curt E Harper
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0019, USA
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Clubbs EA, Bomser JA. Glycitein activates extracellular signal-regulated kinase via vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling in nontumorigenic (RWPE-1) prostate epithelial cells. J Nutr Biochem 2007; 18:525-32. [PMID: 17156992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2006.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2006] [Revised: 08/14/2006] [Accepted: 09/05/2006] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Increased consumption of soy is associated with a decreased risk for prostate cancer; however, the specific cellular mechanisms responsible for this anticancer activity are unknown. Dietary modulation of signaling cascades controlling cellular growth, proliferation and differentiation has emerged as a potential chemopreventive mechanism. The present study examined the effects of four soy isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, glycitein and equol) on extracellularsignal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) activity in a nontumorigenic prostate epithelial cell line (RWPE-1). All four isoflavones (10 micromol/L) significantly increased ERK1/2 activity in RWPE-1 cells, as determined by immunoblotting. Isoflavone-induced ERK1/2 activation was rapid and sustained for approximately 2 h posttreatment. Glycitein, the most potent activator of ERK1/2, decreased RWPE-1 cell proliferation by 40% (P<.01). Glycitein-induced ERK1/2 activation was dependent, in part, on tyrosine kinase activity associated with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR). The presence of both VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 in the RWPE-1 cell line was confirmed by immunocytochemistry. Treatment of RWPE-1 cells with VEGF(165) resulted in transient ERK1/2 activation and increased cellular proliferation. The ability of isoflavones to modulate ERK1/2 signaling cascade via VEGFR signaling in the prostate may be responsible, in part, for the anticancer activity of soy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Clubbs
- OSU Interdisciplinary PhD Program in Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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45
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Wadsworth TL, Worstell TR, Greenberg NM, Roselli CE. Effects of dietary saw palmetto on the prostate of transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate model (TRAMP). Prostate 2007; 67:661-73. [PMID: 17342743 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several of the proposed mechanisms for the actions of the liposterolic extract of saw palmetto (SPE) are exerted on known risk factors for prostate cancer (CaP). This study investigated whether SPE could prevent the progression of CaP in a transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model. METHODS Two different doses of SPE designed to deliver 50 mg/kg/day SPE and 300 mg/kg/day SPE were administered in a custom diet to TRAMP mice for 12 or 24 weeks. Body and organ weights were used to evaluate toxicity, and radioimmunoassay was used to measure plasma and tissue androgen levels to monitor effects of SPE on 5alpha reductase activity. Prostate tissues were evaluated histologically to determine the effect of treatment on tumor grade, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. RESULTS Treatment with 300 mg/kg/day SPE from 4 to 24 weeks of age significantly reduced the concentration of 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in the prostate and resulted in a significant increase in apoptosis and significant decrease in pathological tumor grade and frank tumor incidence. CONCLUSIONS Dietary supplementation with SPE may be effective in controlling CaP tumorigenesis. SPE suppression of prostatic DHT levels lends support to the hypothesis that inhibition of the enzyme 5alpha-reductase is a mechanism of action of this substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teri L Wadsworth
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA
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El Touny LH, Banerjee PP. Akt GSK-3 pathway as a target in genistein-induced inhibition of TRAMP prostate cancer progression toward a poorly differentiated phenotype. Carcinogenesis 2007; 28:1710-7. [PMID: 17468512 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgm103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-proliferative properties of genistein in prostate and other cancers have been studied extensively. However, the identification of genistein targets that may mediate its chemopreventive effects in vivo requires further elucidation. In this study, we have demonstrated that the incorporation of genistein in the diet of transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate model (TRAMP/FVB) mice resulted in a reduction in prostate size and the incidence of poorly differentiated (PD) cancer ensuing in an accumulation of prostates at the prostatic intra-epithelial neoplasia (PIN) stage. TRAMP/FVB prostate cancer progression and the onset of PD cancer were characterized by the activation of acutely transforming retrovirus AKT8 in rodent T cell lymphoma (Akt), phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta (GSK-3beta), post-transcriptional up-regulation of cyclin D1 and repression of cadherin-1 via snail-1 up-regulation. Incorporation of genistein in the diet significantly inhibited the activation of Akt, restored the activation of GSK-3beta, reduced cyclin D1 levels post-transcriptionally and maintained the expression of the cadherin-1 complex via down-regulation of snail-1. By identifying the Akt-GSK-3 pathway and subsequently its downstream effectors, as targets for genistein chemopreventive action, we have elucidated one possible mechanism by which genistein decreases the proliferative potential, retards cancer progression and maintains the integrity of the prostatic epithelial cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara H El Touny
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3900 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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Wang J, Eltoum IE, Lamartiniere CA. Genistein chemoprevention of prostate cancer in TRAMP mice. J Carcinog 2007; 6:3. [PMID: 17367528 PMCID: PMC1832183 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3163-6-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2006] [Accepted: 03/16/2007] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest an inverse association between soy intake and prostate cancer risk. Genistein, the predominant phytoestrogen in soy food, has been proposed as a potential chemopreventive agent due to its anti-estrogen and tyrosine kinase inhibitory effects. To determine the most effective period for genistein chemoprevention, the Transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate (TRAMP) model was used. The treatments were 250 mg genistein/kg AIN-76A diet 1) prepubertally only, 2) in adulthood only or 3) through out life. Controls received AIN-76A diet. By 28 weeks of age, 100% TRAMP mice fed control diet developed prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) or adenocarcinomas with 6%, 16%, 44% and 34% developing high grade PIN, well differentiated, moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated prostatic adenocarcinomas, respectively. Prepubertal only (1-35 days postpartum) and adult only genistein treatments (12-28 weeks) resulted in 6% and 29% decreases in poorly-differentiated cancerous lesions compared with controls, respectively. The most significant effect was seen in the TRAMP mice exposed to genistein throughout life (1-28 weeks) with a 50% decrease in poorly-differentiated cancerous lesions. In a separate experiment in castrated TRAMP mice, dietary genistein suppressed the development of advanced prostate cancer by 35% compared with controls. Of the tumors that developed in castrated TRAMP mice, 100% were poorly-differentiated in contrast to the 37% of noncastrated TRAMP mice that developed poorly-differentiated tumors. ICI 182,780 (ICI), genistein and estrogen down-regulated androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor alpha (ER-alpha) and progesterone receptor (PR) in the prostates of C57BL/6 mice, and act independently of ER. Our data obtained in intact and castrated transgenic mice suggest that genistein may be a promising chemopreventive agent against androgen-dependent and independent prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Isam-Eldin Eltoum
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Coral A Lamartiniere
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Zhang D, Tai YC, Wong CHS, Tai LK, Koay ESC, Chen CS. Molecular response of leukemia HL-60 cells to genistein treatment, a proteomics study. Leuk Res 2007; 31:75-82. [PMID: 16616778 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2006.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2006] [Revised: 02/20/2006] [Accepted: 02/27/2006] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Genistein (GEN) is a natural protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor. We analyzed the molecular response of HL-60 cells to GEN treatment by gel-based proteomics approach. Fourteen differentially expressed proteins which are functionally involved in metabolism, cell signaling, RNA processing, cell proliferation and motility, and chaperones were identified. Both the dose- and time-dependent up-regulation of Hsp70 protein 8 and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) H1, and the down-regulation of Rab14, hnRNP C and stathmin-1 by GEN were verified by immunoblot analysis. Our novel findings provide insightful clues to the potential therapeutic targets for leukemia treatment in diverse tyrosine kinase-dependent cellular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daohai Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge, Singapore 119074, Singapore
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Wetherill YB, Hess-Wilson JK, Comstock CES, Shah SA, Buncher CR, Sallans L, Limbach PA, Schwemberger S, Babcock GF, Knudsen KE. Bisphenol A facilitates bypass of androgen ablation therapy in prostate cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2006; 5:3181-90. [PMID: 17172422 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-06-0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prostatic adenocarcinomas depend on androgen for growth and survival. First line treatment of disseminated disease exploits this dependence by specifically targeting androgen receptor function. Clinical evidence has shown that androgen receptor is reactivated in recurrent tumors despite the continuance of androgen deprivation therapy. Several factors have been shown to restore androgen receptor activity under these conditions, including somatic mutation of the androgen receptor ligand-binding domain. We have shown previously that select tumor-derived mutants of the androgen receptor are receptive to activation by bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine-disrupting compound that is leached from polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins into the human food supply. Moreover, we have shown that BPA can promote cell cycle progression in cultured prostate cancer cells under conditions of androgen deprivation. Here, we challenged the effect of BPA on the therapeutic response in a xenograft model system of prostate cancer containing the endogenous BPA-responsive AR-T877A mutant protein. We show that after androgen deprivation, BPA enhanced both cellular proliferation rates and tumor growth. These effects were mediated, at least in part, through androgen receptor activity, as prostate-specific antigen levels rose with accelerated kinetics in BPA-exposed animals. Thus, at levels relevant to human exposure, BPA can modulate tumor cell growth and advance biochemical recurrence in tumors expressing the AR-T877A mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelena B Wetherill
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3125 Eden Avenue, ML 0521, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0521, USA
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50
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Adhami VM, Afaq F, Mukhtar H. Insulin-like growth factor-I axis as a pathway for cancer chemoprevention. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12:5611-4. [PMID: 17020962 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-1564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vaqar Mustafa Adhami
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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