1
|
Xu S, Xu W, Dong S, Liu D, Zhang W. RuPHOX-Ru Catalyzed Asymmetric Cascade Hydrogenation of 3-Substituted Chromones for the Synthesis of Corresponding Chiral Chromanols. Chemistry 2024:e202400978. [PMID: 38695858 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
An efficient RuPHOX-Ru catalyzed asymmetric cascade hydrogenation of 3-substituted chromones has been achieved under mild reaction conditions, affording the corresponding chiral 3-substituted chromanols in high yields with excellent enantio- and diastereoselectivities (up to 99 % yield, >99 % ee and >20 : 1 dr). Control reactions and deuterium labelling experiments revealed that a dynamic kinetic resolution process occurs during the subsequent hydrogenation of the C=O double bond, which is responsible for the high performance of the asymmetric cascade hydrogenation. The resulting products allow for several transformations and it was shown that the protocol provides a practical and alternative strategy for the synthesis of chiral 3-substituted chromanols and their derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaofeng Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wenqi Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Siqi Dong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Delong Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wanbin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shen Z, Yin L, Chang M, Wang H, Hao M, Liang Y, Guo R, Bi Y, Wang J, Yu C, Li J, Zhai Q, Cheng R, Zhang J, Sun J, Yang Z. Medicarpin suppresses lung cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo by inducing cell apoptosis. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2024; 74:149-164. [PMID: 38554387 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2024-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Surgery, chemoradiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy are considered dominant treatment strategies for LC in the clinic. However, drug resistance and meta-stasis are two major challenges in cancer therapies. Medicarpin (MED) is an isoflavone compound isolated from alfalfa, which is usually used in traditional medicine. This study was de sig ned to evaluate the anti-LC effect and reveal the underlying mechanisms of MED in vivo and in vitro. We found that MED could significantly inhibit proliferation, induce apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest of A549 and H157 cell lines. Basically, MED induced cell apoptosis of LC cells by upregu lating the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins BAX and Bak1, leading to the cleavage of caspase-3 (Casp3). Moreover, MED inhibited the proliferation of LC cells via downregulating the expression of proliferative protein Bid. Overall, MED inhibited LC cell growth in vitro and in vivo via suppressing cell proliferation and inducing cell apoptosis, suggesting the therapeutic potential of MED in treating LC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zongyi Shen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Liqi Yin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Manxia Chang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, China
| | - Mingxuan Hao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Youfeng Liang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Rui Guo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ying Bi
- College of Life Science and Technology, Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jiansong Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, China
| | - Changyuan Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jinmei Li
- Department of Pathology, Baoding No. 1 Central Hospital, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Early Diagnosis of Tumor in Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Qiongli Zhai
- Department of Pathology, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Runfen Cheng
- Department of Pathology, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Jinku Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Baoding No. 1 Central Hospital, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Early Diagnosis of Tumor in Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Jirui Sun
- Department of Pathology, Baoding No. 1 Central Hospital, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Early Diagnosis of Tumor in Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Tarim University, Alar 843300 Xinjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tyagi AM. Mechanism of action of gut microbiota and probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on skeletal remodeling in mice. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2024; 7:e440. [PMID: 37505196 PMCID: PMC10782069 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gut microbiota (GM) is the collection of small organisms such as bacteria, fungi, bacteriophages and protozoans living in the intestine in symbiotics relation within their host. GM regulates host metabolism by various mechanisms. METHODS This review aims to consolidate current information for physicians on the effect of GM on bone health. For this, an online search of the literature was conducted using the keywords gut microbiota, bone mass, osteoporosis, Lactobacillus and sex steroid. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS There is a considerable degree of variation in bone mineral density (BMD) within populations, and it is estimated that a significant component of BMD variability is due to genetics. However, the remaining causes of bone mass variance within populations remain largely unknown. A well-recognized cause of phenotypic variation in bone mass is the composition of the microbiome. Studies have shown that germ-free (GF) mice have higher bone mass compared to conventionally raised (CR) mice. Furthermore, GM dysbiosis, also called dysbacteriosis, is defined as any alteration in the composition of the microbial community that has been colonized in the host intestine and associated with the development of bone diseases. For instance, postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) and diabetes. GM can be modulated by several factors such as genetics, age, drugs, food habits and probiotics. Probiotics are defined as viable bacteria that confer health benefits by modulating GM when administered in adequate quantity. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) is a great example of such a probiotic. LGG has been shown to regulate bone mass in healthy mice as well as ovariectomized (OVX) mice via two different mechanisms. This review will focus on the literature regarding the mechanism by which GM and probiotic LGG regulate bone mass in healthy mice as well as in OVX mice, a model of PMO.
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen Y, Yin L, Hao M, Xu W, Gao J, Sun Y, Wang Q, Chen S, Liang Y, Guo R, Zhang J, Li J, Zhai Q, Cheng R, Wang J, Wang H, Yang Z. Medicarpin induces G1 arrest and mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptotic pathway in bladder cancer cells. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2023; 73:211-225. [PMID: 37307373 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2023-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the tenth most commonly diagnosed cancer. High recurrence, chemoresistance, and low response rate hinder the effective treatment of BC. Hence, a novel therapeutic strategy in the clinical management of BC is urgently needed. Medicarpin (MED), an isoflavone from Dalbergia odorifera, can promote bone mass gain and kill tumor cells, but its anti-BC effect remains obscure. This study reve aled that MED effectively inhibited the proliferation and arrested the cell cycle at the G1 phase of BC cell lines T24 and EJ-1 in vitro. In addition, MED could significantly suppress the tumor growth of BC cells in vivo. Mechanically, MED induced cell apoptosis by upregulating pro-apoptotic proteins BAK1, Bcl2-L-11, and caspase-3. Our data suggest that MED suppresses BC cell growth in vitro and in vivo via regulating mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptotic pathways, which can serve as a promising candidate for BC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- 1College of Life Science and Technology, Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- 2Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, China
| | - Liqi Yin
- 1College of Life Science and Technology, Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mingxuan Hao
- 1College of Life Science and Technology, Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wenkai Xu
- 2Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, China
| | - Jixian Gao
- 2Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, China
| | - Yuxin Sun
- 2Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, China
| | - Qiao Wang
- 2Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, China
| | - Shi Chen
- 2Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, China
| | - Youfeng Liang
- 1College of Life Science and Technology, Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Rui Guo
- 1College of Life Science and Technology, Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jinku Zhang
- 3Department of Pathology, First Central Hospital of Baoding City, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China
- 4Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Early Diagnosis of Tumor in Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Jinmei Li
- 3Department of Pathology, First Central Hospital of Baoding City, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China
- 4Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Early Diagnosis of Tumor in Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Qiongli Zhai
- 5Department of Pathology, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Runfen Cheng
- 5Department of Pathology, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Jiansong Wang
- 2Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- 2Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- 1College of Life Science and Technology, Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- 6College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Tarim University, Alar 843300, Xinjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huang J, Wang X, Zheng J, Jia Q, Wang X, Xie Z, Ma H. Mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of isoflavones isolated from chickpea sprouts in treating osteoporosis based on network pharmacology. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 671:26-37. [PMID: 37290281 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.05.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease that is caused by multiple factors that lead to an imbalance in bone metabolism. Isoflavones can prevent and treat osteoporosis by regulating bone metabolism through a variety of pathways. The germination of chickpeas can significantly increase their isoflavone contents. However, the use of isoflavones isolated from chickpea sprouts (ICS) to prevent and treat osteoporosis by regulating bone metabolism has not been widely studied. In vivo experimental studies in ovariectomized rats showed that ICS significantly improved femoral bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular structure, with effects similar to raloxifene. Furthermore, the chemical composition of ICS as well as the targets and signalling pathways its regulates in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis were predicted by network pharmacological studies. ICS with drug-like properties were identified by Lipinski's 5 principles, and intersecting targets of isoflavones with osteoporosis were identified. The overlapping targets were analysed by PPI, GO and KEGG analyses, and the possible key targets, signalling pathways and biological processes by which ICS treats osteoporosis were predicted; the prediction results were verified by molecular docking technology. The results showed that ICS could play an important role in the treatment of osteoporosis through "multicomponent, multitarget and multipathway" mechanisms, and the MAKP, NF-kB and ER-related signalling pathways may be important pathways by which ICS regulates osteoporosis; these findings provide a new theoretical basis for further experimental studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyong Huang
- Clinical Medicine Institute, State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China; Department of Trauma Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China; Key Laboratory of High Incidence Disease Research in Xinjiang(Xinjiang Medical University), Ministry of Education, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China; Xinjiang Clinical Research Centre for Orthopaedics, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Trauma Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China; Key Laboratory of High Incidence Disease Research in Xinjiang(Xinjiang Medical University), Ministry of Education, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China; Xinjiang Clinical Research Centre for Orthopaedics, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jingjie Zheng
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China; Key Laboratory of High Incidence Disease Research in Xinjiang(Xinjiang Medical University), Ministry of Education, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China; Xinjiang Clinical Research Centre for Orthopaedics, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qiyu Jia
- Department of Trauma Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China; Key Laboratory of High Incidence Disease Research in Xinjiang(Xinjiang Medical University), Ministry of Education, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China; Xinjiang Clinical Research Centre for Orthopaedics, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Trauma Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China; Key Laboratory of High Incidence Disease Research in Xinjiang(Xinjiang Medical University), Ministry of Education, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China; Xinjiang Clinical Research Centre for Orthopaedics, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zengru Xie
- Department of Trauma Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China; Key Laboratory of High Incidence Disease Research in Xinjiang(Xinjiang Medical University), Ministry of Education, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China; Xinjiang Clinical Research Centre for Orthopaedics, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Hairong Ma
- Clinical Medicine Institute, State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China; Key Laboratory of High Incidence Disease Research in Xinjiang(Xinjiang Medical University), Ministry of Education, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China; Xinjiang Clinical Research Centre for Orthopaedics, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Singh KB, Awasthi P, Srivastava K, Rawat KS, Rai R, Parveen S, Gautam AK, Vats RP, Goel A, Singh D. 9-Demethoxy-medicarpin: A potential bone health supplement for the management of protein deficiency-induced bone loss in growing rats. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 80:129118. [PMID: 36581301 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.129118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Human skeleton requires an adequate supply of many different nutritional factors for optimal growth and development. The role of nutrition in bone growth has piqued interest in recent years, especially in relation to maximizing peak bone mass and reducing the risk of osteoporosis. Protein deficiency-induced bone loss was induced in female growing rats. All experimental rodent diets were prepared as per recommendations for growing animals. 9-Demethoxy-medicarpin (DMM) treatment was given to growing Sprague Dawley (SD) rats at 1 mg and 10 mg dose orally for 30 days. Bones were collected for bone mineral density (BMD). Bone marrow cells were isolated from femur for calcium nodule formation. Serum samples were collected for biochemical parameters. We found that DMM treatment speeds up the recovery of musculoskeletal weakness by replenishing nutrients in proven rodent model. DMM supplementation for four weeks showed significantly increased vertebral, femur and tibial BMD compared with the untreated PD group. Albumin levels were significantly enhanced in treatment groups, in which 10 mg dose imparted a better effect. We conclude that DMM treatment led to increased BMD and biochemical parameters in protein deficient condition in growing rats and has potential as a bone growth supplement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Bhan Singh
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Pallavi Awasthi
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Kamini Srivastava
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Kundan Singh Rawat
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Reena Rai
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sajiya Parveen
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Abnish K Gautam
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Ravi P Vats
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Atul Goel
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Divya Singh
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sharma K, Awasthi P, Prakash R, Khanka S, Bajpai R, Sahasrabuddhe AA, Goel A, Singh D. Maintenance of increased bone mass after PTH withdrawal by sequential medicarpin treatment via augmentation of cAMP-PKA pathway. J Cell Biochem 2022; 123:1762-1779. [PMID: 35959633 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disorder associated with impaired bone microarchitecture leading to fragility fractures. Long-term usage of parathyroid hormone (PTH) enhances bone resorption and leads to osteosarcoma in rats which limits its exposure to maximum 2 years in human. Notably, the anabolic effects of PTH do not endure in the absence of sustained administration. Studies in our lab identified osteogenic and antiresorptive activity in medicarpin, a phytoestrogen belonging to the pterocarpan class. Considering dual-acting property of medicarpin and limitations of PTH therapy, we envisaged that medicarpin sequential treatment after PTH withdrawal could serve as promising therapeutic approach for osteoporosis treatment. As PTH exerts its bone anabolic effect by increasing osteoblast survival, our study aims to determine whether medicarpin amplifies this effect of PTH. Our results show that PTH withdrawal led to reduced bone mineral density and bone parameters, while sequential treatment of medicarpin after PTH withdrawal significantly enhanced these parameters. Remarkably, these effects were more pronounced than 8-week PTH treatment. Sequential therapy also significantly increased P1NP levels and decreased CTX levels and TRAP positive cells compared to PTH 8W group where CTX levels were quite high due to bone resorptive action of PTH. Protein expression studies revealed that medicarpin along with PTH betters the antiapoptotic potential compared to PTH alone, through augmentation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate-PKA-CREB pathway. These results proclaim that medicarpin sequential treatment prevented the reduction in bone accrual and strength accompanying PTH withdrawal and also aided in antiapoptotic role of PTH. The study points toward the potential use of medicarpin as a replacement therapeutic option postdiscontinuation of PTH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kriti Sharma
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pallavi Awasthi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi Prakash
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sonu Khanka
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ranju Bajpai
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amogh A Sahasrabuddhe
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Atul Goel
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Divya Singh
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Investigating the Molecular Mechanism of Qianghuo Shengshi Decoction in the Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Analysis. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10081487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Qianghuo Shengshi decoction (QHSSD), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, is used to treat ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in China. The pharmacological mechanism of QHSSD for AS remains to be clarified. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of QHSSD in the treatment of AS using network pharmacology and molecular docking. Methods: To obtain the chemical components and potential targets of QHSSD, we used the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systematic Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) and SwissTargetPrediction. AS potential targets were found in the GeneCards, OMIM, and DisGenets databases. A Venn diagram was used to screen QHSSD and AS common potential targets. The STRING website and Cytoscape software were used to create and analyze protein–protein interactions and component–target networks. The DAVID database was used for the gene ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Molecular docking was used to visualize drug–target interactions. Results: The component–target network consisted of 119 chemical components and 193 potential targets. QHSSD was implicated in various biological processes, such as inflammation and angiogenesis, and mediated multiple signaling pathways, such as the MAPK signaling pathway. Molecular docking revealed good binding ability between medicarpin, notoptol, vitetrifolin E, and cnidilin and EGFR, TNF-α, ALB, and VEGFA. Conclusions: The chemical compositions, potential targets, and pathways involved in the QHSSD treatment of AS were successfully predicted in this study. This study provides a solid foundation for the selection of drugs to treat AS.
Collapse
|
9
|
In vitro and in silico evaluation of Ononis isoflavonoids as molecules targeting the central nervous system. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265639. [PMID: 35298568 PMCID: PMC8929578 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Isoflavonoids with various structural elements show a promising potential effect on central nervous system activities. Despite their favorable medicinal properties, the pharmacokinetic characteristics of this thoroughly investigated group of natural phenolics have only been described to a limited extent. Regarding the lack of information about the BBB permeability of isoflavones, isoflavanones, and pterocarpans found in Ononis species, the aim of our study was to investigate their physico-chemical properties influencing their absorption and distribution. Furthermore, we aimed to characterize the possible MAO-B inhibiting features of Ononis isoflavonoids in silico. Octanol-water partitioning and BBB-PAMPA permeability of formononetin, calycosin D, onogenin, sativanone, medicarpin and maackiain were assessed for the first time in our study. The log P values ranged from 2.21 to 3.03 and log D7.4 values from 2.48 to 3.03, respectively, indicating optimal polarity for BBB permeation. The results of PAMPA-BBB expressed as log Pe values fell between -5.60 and -4.45, predicting their good permeation capability as well. The effective permeability values showed structure-dependent differences, indicating that the pterocarpan type skeleton was the most preferred type, followed by isoflavanones, then isoflavones. The methoxy or methylenedioxy substitution of the same skeleton did not influence the permeability significantly, contrary to an additional hydroxyl group. Membrane retention showed a similar structure dependent pattern to that of effective permeability, ranging from 16% to 70%. For the identification of volumes of chemical space related to particular biological activities the ChemGPS-NP framework was used. The MAO-B inhibitory potency and selectivity were also predicted and validated. Based on our results, MAO-B inhibitory potency could be predicted with good precision, but in the case of selectivity, only the direction could be concluded (favors MAO-B or MAO-A), not the magnitude. Our finding reflects that Ononis isoflavonoid aglycones show an excellent fit with the suggested parameters for BBB permeability and this is the first study to confirm the highly favorable position of these natural products for MAO-B inhibition.
Collapse
|
10
|
Medicarpin Increases Antioxidant Genes by Inducing NRF2 Transcriptional Level in HeLa Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020421. [PMID: 35204303 PMCID: PMC8869525 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of genes involved in oxidative stress and drug detoxification. Therefore, it is important to find NRF2 inducers to protect cells from excessive oxidative damage. Here, we investigated the effect of medicarpin isolated from the root of Robinia pseudoacacia L. on the activity of NRF2 in HeLa cells. Medicarpin significantly induced the antioxidant response elements (ARE)-luciferase activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, medicarpin not only induced HO-1, GCLC, and NQO1 mRNA by translocating NRF2 to the nucleus but also induced the mRNA level of NRF2. To verify the NRF2 induction mechanism by medicarpin, ~2 kb of NRF2 promoter-luciferase assay was executed. As a result, medicarpin significantly induced NRF2-luciferase activity. Moreover, medicarpin strongly inhibited the ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation of NRF2. Thus, medicarpin might protect cells by promoting the NRF2 transcriptional activity.
Collapse
|
11
|
Tripathi A, John AA, Kumar D, Kaushal SK, Singh DP, Husain N, Sarkar J, Singh D. MiR-539-3p impairs osteogenesis by suppressing Wnt interaction with LRP-6 co-receptor and subsequent inhibition of Akap-3 signaling pathway. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:977347. [PMID: 36267566 PMCID: PMC9577939 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.977347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), an inheritable form of rickets is caused due to mutation in Phex gene. Several factors are linked to the disease's aetiology, including non-coding RNA molecules (miRNAs), which are key post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression and play a significant role in osteoblast functions. MicroRNAs sequence analysis showed differentially regulated miRNAs in phex silenced osteoblast cells. In this article, we report miR-539-3p, an unidentified novel miRNA, in the functional regulation of osteoblast. MiR-539-3p overexpression impaired osteoblast differentiation. Target prediction algorithm and experimental confirmation by luciferase 3' UTR reporter assay identified LRP-6 as a direct target of miR-539-3p. Over expression of miR-539-3p in osteoblasts down regulated Wnt/beta catenin signaling components and deteriorated trabecular microarchitecture leading to decreased bone formation in ovariectomized (Ovx) mice. Additionally, biochemical bone resorption markers like CTx and Trap-5b were elevated in serum samples of mimic treated group, while, reverse effect was observed in anti-miR treated animals along with increased bone formation marker P1NP. Moreover, transcriptome analysis with miR-539-3p identified a novel uncharacterized Akap-3 gene in osteoblast cells, knock down of which resulted in downregulation of osteoblast differentiation markers at both transcriptional and translational level. Overall, our study for the first time reported the role of miR-539-3p in osteoblast functions and its downstream Akap-3 signalling in regulation of osteoblastogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alok Tripathi
- Division of Endocrinology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aijaz A. John
- Division of Endocrinology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Division of Cancer Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Kaushal
- Division of Endocrinology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Devendra Pratap Singh
- Division of Endocrinology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nazim Husain
- Division of Endocrinology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Jayanta Sarkar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Division of Cancer Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Divya Singh
- Division of Endocrinology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
- *Correspondence: Divya Singh,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rai R, Kumar S, Singh KB, Khanka S, Singh Y, Arya KR, Kanojiya S, Maurya R, Singh D. Extract and fraction of Musa paradisiaca flower have osteogenic effect and prevent ovariectomy induced osteopenia. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 93:153750. [PMID: 34662767 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is an asymptomatic bone disorder leading to altered bone microarchitecture, mineralization and strength. Musa paradisiaca has been reported to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in various diseases. Its impact on postmenopausal osteoporosis has not been investigated yet. PURPOSE The intention of the current study was to evaluate the bone regeneration and osteoprotective potential of extract and fraction of M. paradisiaca flower in ovariectomized (Ovx) Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, a model of post-menopausal bone loss. The study also aims to identify osteogenic compounds from active fraction. METHODS Ethanolic extract (MFE) and butanolic fraction (MFE-Bu) from flower of M. paradisiaca were prepared and their efficacy was tested in rat femur osteotomy model at different doses. Effective dose from both extract (250 mg/kg) and fraction (50 mg/kg) were taken for study in osteopenic bone loss model. PTH was taken as reference standard (20 µg/kg/twice a week). Bones were harvested at autopsy for dynamic and static histomorphometry. Serum was collected for ELISA. Pure compounds were isolated from butanolic fraction (MFE-Bu), and were assessed for their osteogenic effect. RESULTS MFE and MFE-Bu were observed for their potential in bone healing and prevention of bone loss. Both MFE and MFE-Bu promoted new bone regeneration at injury site as assessed by microCT and calcein dye labeling studies. These also led to restoration of bone microarchitecture deteriorated as a result of osteopenia and improved bone biomechanical properties. Extract as well as the fraction exhibited dual bone anabolic and anti-resorptive properties where they elevated serum procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), a bone formation marker and suppressed serum C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-1), a bone resorption marker. As many as four osteogenic compounds were isolated from MFE-Bu. Oleracein-E was found to be the most potent osteogenic agent based on osteoblast differentiation, mineralization assays, qPCR and protein expression studies. CONCLUSION Our studies demonstrates that ethanolic extract from the flower of M. paradisiaca and its butanolic fraction exhibit dual osteogenic and anti-resorptive potential, and have an advantage over PTH which though promotes bone formation but is also bone catabolic in nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reena Rai
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Krishna Bhan Singh
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002
| | - Sonu Khanka
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002
| | - Yatendra Singh
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - K R Arya
- Division of Ethnobotany, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sanjeev Kanojiya
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Rakesh Maurya
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Divya Singh
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li D, Cai C, Liao Y, Wu Q, Ke H, Guo P, Wang Q, Ding B, Fang J, Fang S. Systems pharmacology approach uncovers the therapeutic mechanism of medicarpin against scopolamine-induced memory loss. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 91:153662. [PMID: 34333326 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medicarpin is a natural pterocarpan-type phytoalexin widely distributed in many traditional Chinese medicines, such as Astragali Radix. A previous study showed that Astragali Radix demonstrated promising protective effects in neurons. However, there is no reported study on the neuroprotective function and the underlying mechanism of Medicarpin. PURPOSE This study aimed to demonstrate the neuroprotective effect of Medicarpin on Alzheimer's disease (AD) and explore the therapeutic mechanisms. METHOD First, we carried out animal behavioral tests and biochemical analysis to assess the anti-AD potential of Medicarpin for ameliorating spatial learning and memory and modulating cholinergic metabolism in scopolamine-induced amnesic mice. Subsequently, network proximity prediction was used to measure the network distance between the Medicarpin target network and AD-related endophenotype module. We identified Medicarpin-regulated AD pathological processes and highlighted the key disease targets via network analysis. Finally, experimental approaches including Nissl staining and Western blotting were conducted to validate our network-based findings. RESULT In this study, we first observed that Medicarpin can ameliorate cognitive and memory dysfunction and significantly modulate cholinergic metabolism in scopolamine-induced amnesic mice. We then proposed an endophenotype network-based framework to comprehensively explore the AD therapeutic mechanisms of Medicarpin by integrating 25 AD-related endophenotype modules, gold-standard AD seed genes, an experimentally validated drug-target network of Medicarpin, and a global human protein-protein interactome. In silico prediction revealed that the effect of Medicarpin is highly relevant to neuronal apoptosis and synaptic plasticity, which was validated by experimental assays. Network analysis and Western blotting further identified two key targets, GSK-3β and MAPK14 (p38), in the AD-related protein regulatory network, which play key roles in the regulation of neuronal apoptosis and synaptic plasticity by Medicarpin. CONCLUSIONS This study presented a powerful endophenotype network-based strategy to explore the mechanisms of action (MOAs) of new AD therapeutics, and first identified Medicarpin as a potential anti-AD candidate by targeting multiple pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongli Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510404, China
| | - Chuipu Cai
- Division of Data Intelligence, Department of Computer Science, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Yanfang Liao
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Qihui Wu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Hanzhong Ke
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, United States
| | - Pengfei Guo
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Banghan Ding
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510404, China
| | - Jiansong Fang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Shuhuan Fang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gampe N, Nagy E, Kursinszki L, Béni S. Quantitative determination of isoflavonoids in Ononis species by UPLC-UV-DAD. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2021; 32:474-481. [PMID: 32929804 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The root of the Ononis species has been used internally and externally in ethnomedicine for centuries and contains biologically valuable isoflavonoid compounds. Therefore, it is important to obtain quantitative information about the isoflavonoid profile of these plants. OBJECTIVES In this article we aimed to develop an optimised sample preparation protocol alongside a validated method for the quantitative measurement of isoflavones, isoflavanones and pterocarpans in the form of glucosides and aglycones, in order to compare the specialised metabolites of Ononis spinosa L. and O. arvensis L. MATERIAL AND METHODS Quantitative determination was carried out by the means of ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet diode-array detection (UPLC-UV-DAD). RESULTS An optimised sample preparation method was developed to transform malonyl glucosides to their glucosidic forms. Chromatographic methods were created for the baseline separation of isoflavones, isoflavanones and pterocarpans alongside with their glucosides. Altogether 12 compounds were evaluated quantitatively in samples of O. spinosa and O. arvensis. CONCLUSION As a result, no characteristic change could be observed between the two species regarding their isoflavonoid pattern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nóra Gampe
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Nagy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Kursinszki
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Béni
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Williams D, Perry D, Carraway J, Simpson S, Uwamariya P, Christian OE. Antigonococcal Activity of (+)-Medicarpin. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:15274-15278. [PMID: 34151106 PMCID: PMC8210425 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are the primary drugs for combating Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections, but with evolving antibiotic resistance of this bacterium, new druggable molecules are needed to stem the tide of this impending public health crisis. Propolis has long been recognized for its antimicrobial properties, being composed of secondary metabolites with antibacterial potential. We herein describe the evaluation of a Jamaican multifloral propolis for antibacterial activity against N. gonorrhoeae. The bioassay-guided evaluation of the ethyl acetate extract yielded (+)-medicarpin (1), whose final structure was elucidated based on spectral analysis and comparison with the known metabolites. Compound (1) selectively inhibited N. gonorrhoeae with a minimum inhibitory concentration value of 0.25 mg/mL, showing an additive effect against N. gonorrhoeae when combined with vancomycin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Williams
- Department
of Biological and Biomedical Science, North
Carolina Central University, 1801 Fayetteville Street, Durham, North Carolina 27707, United States
| | - Dreyona Perry
- Department
of Biological and Biomedical Science, North
Carolina Central University, 1801 Fayetteville Street, Durham, North Carolina 27707, United States
| | - James Carraway
- Department
of Biological and Biomedical Science, North
Carolina Central University, 1801 Fayetteville Street, Durham, North Carolina 27707, United States
| | - Shaquwana Simpson
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Carolina
Central University, 1801 Fayetteville Street, Durham, North Carolina 27707, United States
| | - Pascaline Uwamariya
- Department
of Biology, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, 120 South
Road Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Omar E. Christian
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Carolina
Central University, 1801 Fayetteville Street, Durham, North Carolina 27707, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chakraborty D, Gupta K, Biswas S. A mechanistic insight of phytoestrogens used for Rheumatoid arthritis: An evidence-based review. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 133:111039. [PMID: 33254019 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessment of the potential therapeutic benefits offered by naturally occurring phytoestrogens necessitate inspection of their potency and sites of action in impeding the chronic, systemic, autoimmune, joint destructing disorder Rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Possessing structural and functional similarity with human estrogen, phytoestrogen promisingly replaces the use of hormone therapy in eradicating RA symptoms with their anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-proliferative, anti-angiogenesis, immunomodulatory, joint protection properties abolishing the harmful side effects of synthetic drugs. Scientific evidences revealed that use of phytoestrogens from different chemical categories including flavonoids, alkaloids, stilbenoids derived from different plant species manifest beneficial effects on RA through various cellular mechanisms including suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in particular tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin(IL-6) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and destructive metalloproteinases, inhibition of oxidative stress, suppressing inflammatory signalling pathways, attenuating osteoclastogenesis ameliorating cartilage degradation and bone erosion. This review summarizes the evidences of different phytoestrogen treatment and their pharmacological mechanisms in both in vitro and in vivo studies along with discussing clinical evaluations in RA patients showing phytoestrogen as a promising agent for RA therapy. Further investigations and more clinical trials are mandatory to clarify the utility of these plant derived compounds in RA prevention and in managing oestrogen deficient diseases in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debolina Chakraborty
- Department of Integrative and Functional Biology, CSIR - Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Kriti Gupta
- Department of Integrative and Functional Biology, CSIR - Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India.
| | - Sagarika Biswas
- Department of Integrative and Functional Biology, CSIR - Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mansoori MN, Raghuvanshi A, Shukla P, Awasthi P, Trivedi R, Goel A, Singh D. Medicarpin prevents arthritis in post-menopausal conditions by arresting the expansion of TH17 cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 82:106299. [PMID: 32097846 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are characterized by alteration in balance of various cytokines. Rheumatoid arthritis is a well-known inflammatory disease leading to destruction of cartilage at knee and hands. Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) is a common autoimmune model for rheumatoid arthritis study. Here, we have investigated the therapeutic role of medicarpin, a natural pterocarpan with known anti-osteoclastogenic activities, in postmenopausal polyarthritis model of DBA/1J mice. For this, mice were ovariectomized and CIA was induced in OVx animals with primary immunization. After 21 days, booster dose was injected in Ovariectomy (OVx) mice to develop postmenopausal poly-arthritis mice model. Medicarpin treatment in mice at dose of 10.0 mg/kg/body wt was started after 21 days of primary immunization for one month of time period every day orally. We found that medicarpin prevented alteration of TH-17/Treg ratio in CIA model leading to reduced osteoclastogenesis. Micro Computed Tomography (Micro-CT) analysis demonstrated that medicarpin prevents cartilage erosion in joints and restores loss of trabeculae parameters in distal tibia. Treatment with medicarpin also prevented alteration of various cytokines level by down-regulating various pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17A, while up-regulating anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in CIA model of mice. Biological marker of arthritis is cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP). COMP level was up-regulated in CIA induced mice while treatment with medicarpin significantly restored the serum level of COMP compared with untreated groups. Cartilage staining by Safranin-O also indicates that cartilage destruction in joints of CIA mice was prevented by medicarpin treatment. From this study, we can conclude that medicarpin is effective in preventing arthritis in post-menopausal conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Nizam Mansoori
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, India
| | - Ashutosh Raghuvanshi
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Priyanka Shukla
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, India
| | - Pallavi Awasthi
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Ritu Trivedi
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, India
| | - Atul Goel
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Divya Singh
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Taneja I, Raghuvanshi A, Rama Raju KS, Awasthi P, Rashid M, Singh S, Goel A, Singh SP, Wahajuddin M. Bioavailability, tissue distribution and excretion studies of a potential anti-osteoporotic agent, medicarpin, in female rats using validated LC-MS/MS method. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 180:112978. [PMID: 31855725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Medicarpin, one of the active constituents isolated from the extract of Butea monosperma, has been shown to have various pharmacological activities including potent anti-osteoporotic properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the oral pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion of medicarpin following single oral dose administration in female rats. Oral pharmacokinetics was explored at 5 and 20 mg/kg while tissue distribution, urinary and fecal excretion were studied following 20 mg/kg oral dose. Medicarpin was quantified in rat plasma, urine, feces and tissue samples using a validated LC-MS/MS method following reverse-phase HPLC separation on RP18 column (4.6 mm × 50 mm, 5.0 μm) using methanol and 10 mM ammonium acetate (pH 4.0) as mobile phase in the ratio of 80:20 (v/v) at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The oral bioavailability of medicarpin was found to be low with low systemic levels. The concentration in tissues was significantly higher than plasma. Highest tissue concentrations were found in the liver followed by bone marrow. Urinary and fecal excretion of medicarpin was < 1 %. In conclusion, medicarpin was found to be highly distributed in body tissues and minimally excreted via urine or feces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isha Taneja
- Academcy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India; Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Ashutosh Raghuvanshi
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Kanumuri Siva Rama Raju
- Academcy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India; Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Pallavi Awasthi
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Mamunur Rashid
- Academcy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India; Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Academcy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India; Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Atul Goel
- Academcy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India; Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Sheelendra Pratap Singh
- Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology and Nanotherapeutics & Nanomaterial Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226001, India.
| | - Muhammad Wahajuddin
- Academcy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India; Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cheng YH, Dong JC, Bian Q. Small molecules for mesenchymal stem cell fate determination. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:1084-1103. [PMID: 31875870 PMCID: PMC6904864 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i12.1084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells harboring self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potential that are capable of differentiating into osteoblasts, adipocytes, or chondrocytes in vitro, and regulating the bone marrow microenvironment and adipose tissue remodeling in vivo. The process of fate determination is initiated by signaling molecules that drive MSCs into a specific lineage. Impairment of MSC fate determination leads to different bone and adipose tissue-related diseases, including aging, osteoporosis, and insulin resistance. Much progress has been made in recent years in discovering small molecules and their underlying mechanisms control the cell fate of MSCs both in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we summarize recent findings in applying small molecules to the trilineage commitment of MSCs, for instance, genistein, medicarpin, and icariin for the osteogenic cell fate commitment; isorhamnetin, risedronate, and arctigenin for pro-adipogenesis; and atractylenolides and dihydroartemisinin for chondrogenic fate determination. We highlight the underlying mechanisms, including direct regulation, epigenetic modification, and post-translational modification of signaling molecules in the AMPK, MAPK, Notch, PI3K/AKT, Hedgehog signaling pathways etc. and discuss the small molecules that are currently being studied in clinical trials. The target-based manipulation of lineage-specific commitment by small molecules offers substantial insights into bone marrow microenvironment regulation, adipose tissue homeostasis, and therapeutic strategies for MSC-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hao Cheng
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Jing-Cheng Dong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Qin Bian
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Prakash R, John AA, Singh D. miR‐409‐5p negatively regulates Wnt/Beta catenin signaling pathway by targeting Lrp‐8. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:23507-23517. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Prakash
- Division of Endocrinology, Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI) CSIR‐Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow India
| | - Aijaz A John
- Division of Endocrinology, Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI) CSIR‐Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow India
| | - Divya Singh
- Division of Endocrinology, Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI) CSIR‐Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang HY, Li T, Ji R, Xu F, Liu GX, Li YL, Shang MY, Cai SQ. Metabolites of Medicarpin and Their Distributions in Rats. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24101966. [PMID: 31121832 PMCID: PMC6572127 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicarpin is a bioactive pterocarpan that has been attracting increasing attention in recent years. However, its metabolic fate in vivo is still unknown. To clarify its metabolism and the distribution of its metabolites in rats after oral administration, the HPLC-ESI-IT-TOF-MSn technique was used. A total of 165 new metabolites (13 phase I and 152 phase II metabolites) were tentatively identified, and 104, 29, 38, 41, 74, 28, 24, 15, 42, 8, 10, 3, and 17 metabolites were identified in urine, feces, plasma, the colon, intestine, stomach, liver, spleen, kidney, lung, heart, brain, and thymus, respectively. Metabolic reactions included demethylation, hydrogenation, hydroxylation, glucuronidation, sulfation, methylation, glycosylation, and vitamin C conjugation. M1 (medicarpin glucuronide), M5 (vestitol-1'-O-glucuronide) were distributed to 10 organs, and M1 was the most abundant metabolite in seven organs. Moreover, we found that isomerization of medicarpin must occur in vivo. At least 93 metabolites were regarded as potential new compounds by retrieving information from the Scifinder database. This is the first detailed report on the metabolism of ptercarpans in animals, which will help to deepen the understanding of the metabolism characteristics of medicarpin in vivo and provide a solid basis for further studies on the metabolism of other pterocarpans in animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Teng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Rui Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No.24, Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Feng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Guang-Xue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yao-Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Ming-Ying Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Shao-Qing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Imran KM, Yoon D, Lee TJ, Kim YS. Medicarpin induces lipolysis via activation of Protein Kinase A in brown adipocytes. BMB Rep 2018; 51:249-254. [PMID: 29353597 PMCID: PMC5988580 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2018.51.5.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural pterocarpan Medicarpin (Med) has been shown to have various beneficial biological roles, including inhibition of osteoclastogenesis, stimulation of bone regeneration and induction of apoptosis. However, the effect of the Med on lipolysis in adipocytes has not been reported. Here, we show the effect of Med on lipolysis in different mouse adipocytes and elucidate the underlying mechanism. We observed that Med treatment promoted release of glycerol in the media. Differentiated mouse brown adipose tissue cells were treated with Med. RNA-Seq analysis was performed to elucidate the effect of med and subsequently was confirmed by qRT-PCR and western blotting analyses. Med treatment increased both protein and gene expression levels of hormone-sensitive lipase (Hsl) and adipose triglyceride lipase (Atgl), which are two critical enzymes necessary for lipolysis. Mechanistic study showed that Med activates Protein Kinase A (PKA) and phosphorylates Hsl at PKA target position at Serine660. Silencing of PKA gene by short interfering RNA attenuated the Med-induced increase in glycerol release and Hsl phosphorylation. The results unveil that Med boosts lipolysis via a PKA-dependent pathway in adipocytes and may provide a possible avenue of further research of Med mediated reduction of body fat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khan Mohammad Imran
- Institute of tissue regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, and Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Dahyeon Yoon
- Institute of tissue regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, and Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Korea
| | - Yong-Sik Kim
- Institute of tissue regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, and Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hairul-Islam MI, Saravanan S, Thirugnanasambantham K, Chellappandian M, Simon Durai Raj C, Karikalan K, Gabriel Paulraj M, Ignacimuthu S. Swertiamarin, a natural steroid, prevent bone erosion by modulating RANKL/RANK/OPG signaling. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 53:114-124. [PMID: 29078090 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Bone erosion is a central feature of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) that is characterized by the infiltration of the synovial lining by osteoclasts and lymphocytes. In the present study, swertiamarin a major secoiridoid glycoside was evaluated for anti-osteoclastogenic property to prevent bone erosion in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) induced in-vivo model, in-vitro osteoblast and osteoclasts as well as in co-culture system and in-silico molecular docking analysis. The swertiamarin treatment decreased the expression of TRAP, RANKL, and RANK levels and increased the levels of OPG levels significantly in both in vitro and in vivo models. In in vitro, the compound treatment significantly increased the cell proliferation and ALP levels in osteoblast cells; the high proliferation (153.8600±5.23%) and ALP release (165.6033±4.13%) were observed at 50μg/ml concentration of swertiamarin treatment. At the same time the treatment decreased the TRAP positive cells in osteoclast cells; the high reductions of TRAP positive cells (39.32±3.19%) were observed at 50μg/ml of swertiamarin treatment. The treatment modulated the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, MMPs and NF-κB levels in osteoblast and osteoclast co-culture system. In in silico analysis swertiamarin had affinity towards the proteins RANK, RANKL and OPG residues with low binding energy -4.5, -3.92 and -5.77kcal/mol respectively. Thus, the results of this study revealed the anti-osteoclastogenic activity of swertiamarin on the prevention of bone destruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M I Hairul-Islam
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Hofouf, Saudi Arabia; Pondicherry Centre for Biological Sciences and Educational Trust, Pondicherry 605 005, India
| | - S Saravanan
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai 600 034, Tamil Nadu, India; Pondicherry Centre for Biological Sciences and Educational Trust, Pondicherry 605 005, India
| | - K Thirugnanasambantham
- Pondicherry Centre for Biological Sciences and Educational Trust, Pondicherry 605 005, India
| | - M Chellappandian
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai 600 034, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C Simon Durai Raj
- Department of Pathology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Porur, Chennai 600116, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Karikalan
- School of Bioscience and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Gabriel Paulraj
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai 600 034, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Ignacimuthu
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai 600 034, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Identification of novel microRNA inhibiting actin cytoskeletal rearrangement thereby suppressing osteoblast differentiation. J Mol Med (Berl) 2018. [PMID: 29523914 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-018-1624-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We report the role of miR-1187 in regulation of osteoblast functions. Over-expression of miR-1187 inhibited osteoblast differentiation. Target prediction analysis tools and experimental validation by luciferase 3' UTR reporter assay identified BMPR-II and ArhGEF-9 as direct targets of miR-1187. ArhGEF-9 activates Cdc42 which has a major role in actin reorganization. BMP-2 also induces actin polymerization. Role of miR-1187 in actin reorganization was determined by western blotting, immunofluorescence, and in vivo gene silencing studies. Reduced protein levels of BMPR-II, activated Cdc42, and downstream signaling molecules were observed in miR-1187-transfected osteoblasts. miR-1187 over-expression resulted in decreased actin polymerization. Additionally, P-cofilin, which does not bind F-actin, was decreased in miR-1187-transfected cells. These results were corroborated by administration of BMPR-II exogenously in miR-1187-transfected osteoblasts. Silencing of miR-1187 in neonatal mice mitigated all the inhibitory effects of miR-1187 on actin cytoskeletal rearrangement. Importantly, in vivo treatment of miR-1187 inhibitor to ovariectomized BALB/c mice led to significant improvement in trabecular bone microarchitecture. Overall, miR-1187 functions as a negative regulator of osteogenesis by repressing BMPR-II and ArhGEF-9 expression thus suppressing non-Smad BMP2/Cdc42 signaling pathway and inhibiting actin reorganization. miR-1187 functions as a negative regulator of osteogenesis by repressing BMPR-II expression, which in turn, suppresses non-Smad BMP2/Cdc42 signaling pathway, thus inhibiting actin cytoskeletal rearrangement. Silencing of miR-1187 significantly improves trabecular bone microarchitecture. As miR-1187 exerts a negative regulatory role in osteoblasts function, hence, we propose that therapeutic approaches targeting miR-1187 could be useful in enhancing the bone formation and treatment of pathological conditions of bone loss.
Collapse
|
25
|
Imran KM, Yoon D, Kim YS. A pivotal role of AMPK signaling in medicarpin-mediated formation of brown and beige. Biofactors 2018; 44:168-179. [PMID: 29064586 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity poses a substantial threat of a worldwide epidemic and requires better understanding of adipose-tissue biology as well as necessitates research into the etiology and therapeutic interventions. In this study, Medicarpin (Med), a natural pterocarpan, was selected (by screening) as a small-molecule inducer of adipocyte differentiation among 854 candidates by using C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal stem cell; a cellular model of adipogenesis. Med induced the expression of brown-adipocyte commitment marker Bmp7 as well as the early regulators of brown fat fate Pparγ, Prdm16, and Pgc-1α during differentiation of C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal stem cells. Med also induced the expression of a key thermogenic marker-uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-along with expression of other brown-fat-specific markers and beige-fat-specific markers. Of note, Med significantly reduced the expression of white fat markers too. Furthermore, Med treatment promoted formation of multilocular lipid droplets (LDs), expression of mitochondrial-biogenesis-related genes, and increased oxygen consumption. Gene silencing study revealed that Med promotes the development of brown- and beige-adipocyte characteristics in C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal stem cells through activation of the AMPK pathway, and our data allow us to propose Med as a candidate for therapeutics against obesity or related metabolic disorders. © 2017 BioFactors, 44(2):168-179, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khan Mohammad Imran
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chung-nam, 330-090, Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chung-nam, 330-090, Korea
| | - Dahyeon Yoon
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chung-nam, 330-090, Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chung-nam, 330-090, Korea
| | - Yong-Sik Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chung-nam, 330-090, Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chung-nam, 330-090, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yang X, Zhao Y, Hsieh MT, Xin G, Wu RT, Hsu PL, Horng LY, Sung HC, Cheng CH, Lee KH. Total Synthesis of (+)-Medicarpin. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:3284-3288. [PMID: 29164880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
(+)-Medicarpin has been synthesized asymmetrically for the first time in a linear scalable process with an overall yield of 11%. The two chiral centers were constructed in one step via condensation using a chiral oxazolidinone auxiliary. This method will likely accelerate research on medicarpin as an erythropoietin inducer for erythropoietin-deficient diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Yang
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Yu Zhao
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Min-Tsang Hsieh
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital , Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University , Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Guang Xin
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Rong-Tsun Wu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, National Yang-Ming University , Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Lun Hsu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, National Yang-Ming University , Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Lin-Yea Horng
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, National Yang-Ming University , Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ching Sung
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, National Yang-Ming University , Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsin Cheng
- PhytoHealth Corporation, Maywafa Biopharma Group, Taipei 105, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital , Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chen X, Jiao J, He X, Zhang J, Wang H, Xu Y, Jin T. CHI
3L1 regulation of inflammation and the effects on osteogenesis in a
Staphylococcus aureus
‐induced murine model of osteomyelitis. FEBS J 2017; 284:1738-1747. [PMID: 28391634 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- XueQiu Chen
- Kunming Medical University Yunnan Province China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Kunming Yunnan Province China
| | - Jian Jiao
- Outpatient Department The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University China
| | - XiaoQing He
- Department of Orthopaedics Kunming General Hospital of PLA China
| | - JianPing Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics Kunming General Hospital of PLA China
| | - Hai Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics Kunming General Hospital of PLA China
| | - YongQing Xu
- Kunming Medical University Yunnan Province China
- Department of Orthopaedics Kunming General Hospital of PLA China
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics Kunming General Hospital of PLA China
- College of Life Science and Technology Kunming University of Science and Technology China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Shukla P, Mansoori MN, Kakaji M, Shukla M, Gupta SK, Singh D. Interleukin 27 (IL-27) Alleviates Bone Loss in Estrogen-deficient Conditions by Induction of Early Growth Response-2 Gene. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:4686-4699. [PMID: 28130449 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.764779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing understanding of the bone remodeling process suggests that inflammation significantly contributes to the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. T cells and various cytokines contribute majorly to the estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss. Recent studies have identified the IL-12 cytokine family as consisting of pro-inflammatory IL-12 and IL-23 and the anti-inflammatory IL-27 and IL-35 cytokines. IL-27 exerts protective effects in autoimmune diseases like experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; however, its role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis remains to be determined. In this report, we study the effect of IL-27 supplementation on ovariectomized estrogen-deficient mice on various immune and skeletal parameters. IL-27 treatment in ovariectomized mice suppressed Th17 cell differentiation by inhibiting transcription factor RORγt. Supplementation of IL-27 activates Egr-2 to induce IL-10 producing Tr1 cells. IL-27 treatment prevented the loss of trabecular micro-architecture and preserved cortical bone parameters. IL-27 also inhibited osteoblast apoptosis through increased Egr-2 expression, which induces anti-apoptotic factors like MCL-1. IL-27 suppressed osteoclastogenesis in an Egr-2-dependent manner that up-regulates Id2, the repressor of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand-mediated osteoclastogenesis. Additionally, these results were corroborated in female osteoporotic subjects where we found decreased serum IL-27 levels along with reduced Egr-2 expression. Our study forms a strong basis for using humanized IL-27 toward the treatment of post-menopausal osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Shukla
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow CDRI-226031 and
| | - Mohd Nizam Mansoori
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow CDRI-226031 and
| | - Manisha Kakaji
- the Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow PGI-226014, India
| | - Manoj Shukla
- the Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow PGI-226014, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Gupta
- the Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow PGI-226014, India
| | - Divya Singh
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow CDRI-226031 and
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Pterocarpan scaffold: A natural lead molecule with diverse pharmacological properties. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 128:219-236. [PMID: 28189086 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Phytoalexins are substances produced by plants that act as potent inhibitors of pathogens. Pterocarpans are biologically active isoflavonoids most commonly found in the family Fabaceae that have the ability to act as phytoalexins. It is made up of a tetracyclic ring system possessing benzofuran-benzopyran. A very great number of pterocarpans have been isolated from natural sources and they are proved to have significant biological activities such as anti-microbial, anti-cancerous, anti-inflammatory and anti-malarial activities. Recently, pterocarpans gained lot of attention because of the broad range of anti-cancer activities in various cancer cell lines such as breast, leukemia, cervical, lung, colon and melanoma. Interestingly, pterocarpans exhibited inhibitory potency against many enzymes such as PTP1B, Neuraminidase, and α-glycosidase. In addition, they were shown to have anti-estrogenic and anti-diabetic activities. This review is a comprehensive inventory of the structures and sources of pterocarpans and it emphasizes on the biological evaluations of pterocarpans from various plant sources and their scope as a lead molecule.
Collapse
|
30
|
Kureel J, John AA, Raghuvanshi A, Awasthi P, Goel A, Singh D. Identification of GRP78 as a molecular target of medicarpin in osteoblast cells by proteomics. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 418:71-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2734-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
31
|
Tao X, Qi Y, Xu L, Yin L, Han X, Xu Y, Wang C, Sun H, Peng J. Dioscin reduces ovariectomy-induced bone loss by enhancing osteoblastogenesis and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis. Pharmacol Res 2016; 108:90-101. [PMID: 27155058 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies showed that dioscin can promote osteoblasts proliferation and differentiation in vitro, but its anti-osteoporosis effect in vivo and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In the present work, the results showed that dioscin significantly increased the viability of MC3T3-E1 cells, ALP level and alizarin red S staining area, markedly decreased the numbers of RANKL-induced TRAP-positive multinucleated cells and bone resorption pits formation, enhanced the levels of some osteogenic markers including COL1A2, ALP and OC, which suggested that dioscin clearly promoted osteoblasts proliferation and suppressed osteoclasts formation. In vivo experiments demonstrated that dioscin obviously reduced OVX-induced body weight increase, and improved the biochemical indexes including ALP, StrACP, OC, DPD/Cr, HOP/Cr, BMD, biomechanics and microarchitecture. Moreover, H&E, TB, TRAP staining, and fluorescent double labeling tests indicated that dioscin enhanced osteoblastogenesis and inhibited osteoclastogenesis. Further researches demonstrated that dioscin promoted osteoblastogenesis through up-regulating OPG/RANKL ratio, and inhibited osteoclastogenesis through down-regulating the levels of RANKL induced TRAF6 and the downstream signal molecules including MAPKs, Akt, NF-κB, AP-1, cathepsin K and NFATc1. In addition, dioscin also inhibited TLR4/MyD88 pathway to decrease the levels of TRAF6 and the related proteins. These findings provide new insights to elucidate the effects of dioscin against OVX-induced bone loss, which should be developed as a potential candidate for treating postmenopausal osteoporosis in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Tao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yan Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lina Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lianhong Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xu Han
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Youwei Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Huijun Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jinyong Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Methoxyisoflavones formononetin and isoformononetin inhibit the differentiation of Th17 cells and B-cell lymphopoesis to promote osteogenesis in estrogen-deficient bone loss conditions. Menopause 2016; 23:565-76. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
33
|
Dixit M, Raghuvanshi A, Gupta CP, Kureel J, Mansoori MN, Shukla P, John AA, Singh K, Purohit D, Awasthi P, Singh D, Goel A. Medicarpin, a Natural Pterocarpan, Heals Cortical Bone Defect by Activation of Notch and Wnt Canonical Signaling Pathways. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144541. [PMID: 26657206 PMCID: PMC4676632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the bone regeneration and healing effect of Medicarpin (med) in cortical bone defect model that heals by intramembranous ossification. For the study, female Sprague–Dawley rats were ovariectomized and rendered osteopenic. A drill hole injury was generated in mid femoral bones of all the animals. Med treatment was commenced the day after and continued for 15 days. PTH was taken as a reference standard. Fifteen days post-treatment, animals were sacrificed. Bones were collected for histomorphometry studies at the injury site by micro-computed tomography (μCT) and confocal microscopy. RNA and protein was harvested from newly generated bone. For immunohistochemistry, 5μm sections of decalcified femur bone adjoining the drill hole site were cut. By μCT analysis and calcein labeling of newly generated bone it was found that med promotes bone healing and new bone formation at the injury site and was comparable to PTH in many aspects. Med treatment led to increase in the Runx-2 and osteocalcin signals indicating expansion of osteoprogenitors at the injury site as evaluated by qPCR and immunohistochemical localization. It was observed that med promoted bone regeneration by activating canonical Wnt and notch signaling pathway. This was evident by increased transcript and protein levels of Wnt and notch signaling components in the defect region. Finally, we confirmed that med treatment leads to elevated bone healing in pre-osteoblasts by co localization of beta catenin with osteoblast marker alkaline phosphatase. In conclusion, med treatment promotes new bone regeneration and healing at the injury site by activating Wnt/canonical and notch signaling pathways. This study also forms a strong case for evaluation of med in delayed union and non-union fracture cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Dixit
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI)CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, India
| | - Ashutosh Raghuvanshi
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, India
| | - Chandra Prakash Gupta
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, India
| | - Jyoti Kureel
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI)CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohd Nizam Mansoori
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI)CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, India
| | - Priyanka Shukla
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI)CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, India
| | - Aijaz A. John
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI)CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, India
| | - Kavita Singh
- Sophisticated Analysis and Instrumentation Facilities, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, India
| | - Dipak Purohit
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, India
| | - Pallavi Awasthi
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, India
| | - Divya Singh
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI)CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, India
- * E-mail: (DS); (AG)
| | - Atul Goel
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, India
- * E-mail: (DS); (AG)
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gatouillat G, Magid AA, Bertin E, El btaouri H, Morjani H, Lavaud C, Madoulet C. Medicarpin and millepurpan, two flavonoids isolated from Medicago sativa, induce apoptosis and overcome multidrug resistance in leukemia P388 cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 22:1186-1194. [PMID: 26598918 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High consumption of flavonoids has been associated with a decrease risk of cancer. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) leaves have been widely used in traditional medicine and is currently used as a dietary supplement because of their high nutrient content. We previously reported the cytotoxic activity of alfalfa leaf extracts against several sensitive and multidrug resistant tumor cell lines. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE We aimed to determine whether medicarpin and millepurpan, two isoflavonoids isolated from alfalfa leaves, may have pro-apoptotic effects against drug-sensitive (P388) and multidrug resistant P388 leukemia cells (P388/DOX). STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Cells were incubated with medicarpin or millepurpan for the appropriate time. Cell viability was assessed by the MTT assay. DNA fragmentation was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Cell cycle analysis was realized by flow cytometry technics. Caspases 3 and 9 activities were measured using Promega caspACE assay kits. Proteins and genes expression were visualized respectively by western-blot using specific antibodies and RT-PCR assay. RESULTS P-glycoprotein-expressing P388/DOX cells did not show resistance to medicarpin (IC50 ≈ 90 µM for P388 and P388/DOX cells) and millepurpan (IC50 = 54 µM and 69 µM for P388 and P388/DOX cells, respectively). Treatment with medicarpin or millepurpan triggered apoptosis in sensitive as well as multidrug resistant P388 cells. These effects were mediated through the mitochondrial pathway by modifying the balance pro/anti-apoptotic proteins. While 3 µM doxorubicin alone could not induce cell death in P388/DOX cells, concomitant treatment with doxorubicin and subtoxic concentration of medicarpin or millepurpan restored the pro-apoptotic cascade. Each compound increased sensitivity of P388/DOX cells to doxorubicin whereas they had no effect in sensitive P388 cells. Vinblastine cytotoxicity was also enhanced in P388/DOX cells (IC50 = 210 nM to 23 and 25 nM with medicarpin and millepurpan, respectively). This improved sensitivity was mediated by an increased uptake of doxorubicin in P388/DOX cells expressing P-gp. P-gp expression was not altered by exposure to medicarpin and millepurpan. CONCLUSION These data indicate that medicarpin and millepurpan possess pro-apoptotic properties and potentiate the cytotoxicity of chemotherapy drugs in multidrug resistant P388 leukemia cells by modulating P-gp-mediated efflux of drugs. These flavonoids may be used as chemopreventive agents or as sensitizer to enhance cytotoxicity of chemotherapy drugs in multidrug resistant cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Gatouillat
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Faculté de Pharmacie, URCA, Reims, France
| | - Abdulmagid Alabdul Magid
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Faculté de Pharmacie, SFR Cap Santé, ICMR-CNRS UMR 7312, Reims, France
| | - Eric Bertin
- Service d'endocrinologie, de diabétologie et de nutrition, CHU Robert-Debré, Reims, France
| | - Hassan El btaouri
- MEDyC UMR CNRS/URCA no. 7369, Faculté des Sciences, SFR Cap Santé, URCA, Reims, France
| | - Hamid Morjani
- MEDyC UMR CNRS/URCA no. 7369, Faculté de Pharmacie, SFR Cap Santé, URCA, Reims, France
| | - Catherine Lavaud
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Faculté de Pharmacie, SFR Cap Santé, ICMR-CNRS UMR 7312, Reims, France
| | - Claudie Madoulet
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Faculté de Pharmacie, URCA, Reims, France.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Taneja I, Raju KSR, Challagundla M, Raghuvanshi A, Goel A, Wahajuddin M. LC-ESI–MS/MS method for bioanalytical determination of osteogenic phytoalexin, medicarpin, and its application to preliminary pharmacokinetic studies in rats. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1001:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
36
|
Goel A, Raghuvanshi A, Kumar A, Gautam A, Srivastava K, Kureel J, Singh D. 9-Demethoxy-medicarpin promotes peak bone mass achievement and has bone conserving effect in ovariectomized mice: Positively regulates osteoblast functions and suppresses osteoclastogenesis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 411:155-66. [PMID: 25957087 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We report a new bone anabolic and anti-catabolic pterocarpan 9-demethoxy-medicarpin (DMM) for the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis. DMM promoted osteoblast functions via activation of P38MAPK/BMP-2 pathway and suppressed osteoclastogenesis in bone marrow cells (BMCs). In calvarial osteoblasts, DMM blocked nuclear factor kappaB (NFκB) signaling and inhibited the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. DMM treatment led to increased OPG (osteoprotegrin) and decreased transcript levels of TRAP (tartarate resistant acid phosphatase), RANK (receptor activator of NFκB) and RANKL (RANK ligand) in osteoblast-osteoclast co-cultures. Immature female SD rats administered with DMM exhibited increased bone mineral density, bone biomechanical strength, new bone formation and cortical bone parameters. Ovx mice administered with DMM led to significant restoration of trabecular microarchitecture and had reduced formation of osteoclasts and increased formation of osteoprogenitor cells in BMCs. DMM exhibited no uterine estrogenicity. Overall, these results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of DMM for the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atul Goel
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110001, India.
| | - Ashutosh Raghuvanshi
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Abnish Gautam
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Kamini Srivastava
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Jyoti Kureel
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Divya Singh
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sharma C, Dixit M, Singh R, Agrawal M, Mansoori MN, Kureel J, Singh D, Narender T, Arya KR. Potential osteogenic activity of ethanolic extract and oxoflavidin isolated from Pholidota articulata Lindley. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 170:57-65. [PMID: 25959442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pholidota articulata Lindley (PA) locally known as Hadjojen (bone jointer) belongs to family Orchidaceae is used for healing fractures in folklore tradition of Kumaon region of Uttarakhand, Himalaya, India. Bone is a dynamic organ and is constantly being remodeled in order to facilitate growth and repair. This process requires the involvement of bone forming osteoblast and bone resorbing osteoclast cells, which function in generating and mineralizing bone, giving strength and rigidity to the skeletal system. Present study was aimed to determine the therapeutic potential of ethanolic extract of PA and its isolated compound oxoflavidin, by characterizing their fracture healing properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ovariectomized (Ovx) estrogen deficient adult female Balb/c mice were used for in vivo evaluation of osteogenic or bone healing potential of ethanolic extract of PA. Further, its isolated compounds were tested for their osteogenic efficacy using alkaline phosphatase assay and mineralization assay in vitro in mice calvarial osteoblasts. RESULTS The ethanolic extract of PA exhibited significant restoration of trabecular micro-architecture in both femoral and tibial bones. Additionally, treatment with PA extract led to better bone quality and devoid of any uterine estrogenicity in ovariectomized estrogen deficient mice. One of the isolated compound, oxoflavidin enhanced ALP activity (a marker of osteoblast differentiation), mineral nodule formation and mRNA levels of osteogenic markers like BMP-2, Type 1 Collagen, RUNX-2 and osteocalcin. CONCLUSION These results warrant that ethanolic extract of PA and it's pure compound oxoflavidin have fracture healing properties. The extract and oxoflavidin exhibit a strong threapeutical potential for the treatment and management of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Sharma
- Botany Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Manisha Dixit
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Rohit Singh
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Manali Agrawal
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Mohd Nizam Mansoori
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Jyoti Kureel
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Divya Singh
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Tadigoppula Narender
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Kamal Ram Arya
- Botany Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Khan MF, Dev K, Lahiri S, Dixit M, Trivedi R, Singh D, Maurya R. Osteogenic activity of natural diterpenoids isolated from Cupressus sempervirens fruits in calvarial derived osteoblast cells via differentiation and mineralization. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:1794-1800. [PMID: 25481392 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the antiosteoporotic activity of four structurally related diterpenoids: sugiol (1), trans-communic acid (2), 15-acetoxy imbricatolic acid (3) and imbricatolic acid (4). Their osteogenic effect was evaluated by using validated models including alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, mineralization assay and expression of osteogenic genes-bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and osteoblast transcription factor (RUNX2) - in primary calvarial cultures harvested from neonatal mice. Among them, compound 1 at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg body weight exhibited significant osteoprotective effects and did not show uterine estrogenicity at the same dose. Additionally, compound 1 treatment led to improved biomechanical properties as exhibited by increased power, energy and stiffness in femoral bones compared to untreated Ovx animals. Since osteoporotic compression fracture correlates with the mechanical characteristics of trabecular bone, so that it could effectively reduce the risk of this type of fracture by improving trabecular micro architecture in postmenopausal women. Therefore, our findings proposed that diterpenoids may be useful new chemical agents in the treatment of diseases associated with bone loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Faheem Khan
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Kapil Dev
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Shibani Lahiri
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Manisha Dixit
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Ritu Trivedi
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Divya Singh
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Rakesh Maurya
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Medicarpin, a legume phytoalexin sensitizes myeloid leukemia cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis through the induction of DR5 and activation of the ROS-JNK-CHOP pathway. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1465. [PMID: 25321472 PMCID: PMC4237253 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor α-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising anticancer agent with cancer cell-selective cell death inducing effect. However, the major limitation in the usage of TRAIL as a chemotherapeutic agent is the development of TRAIL resistance in many cancer types including myeloid leukemia. In this study, we report for the first time that Medicarpin (Med), a naturally occurring phytoalexin sensitizes myeloid leukemia cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Combination of Med and TRAIL induced significantly higher apoptosis compared with that of the individual treatments of either agent alone through activation of both the extrinsic and the intrinsic cell death pathways characterized by the activation of caspases 8, 9, 3, and 7. Med treatment downregulated antiapoptotic proteins (Survivin, Bcl2, Bcl-xL, XIAP, and c-FLIP), upregulated pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax, Cytochrome C, Smac/Diablo, Bid, truncated Bid (tBid), p-eIF2α, Bip, and CHOP (CCAAT-enhancer binding protein homologous protein)), induced G2/M cell-cycle arrest, and increased the expression of the functional TRAIL receptor DR5 through activation of the ROS-JNK-CHOP pathway. Gain and loss of function studies clearly indicated that DR5 expression was critical for Med-induced TRAIL sensitization. The Med-induced TRAIL sensitization did not involve the NFkB signaling pathway or redistribution of DR5 in lipid rafts. The concomitant treatment with Med and TRAIL showed robust apoptotic effects in primary myeloid leukemia cells but had no toxic effects in primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). In conclusion, our results suggest that Med sensitizes myeloid leukemia cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis through the upregulation of DR5 through activation of the ROS-JNK-CHOP pathway.
Collapse
|
40
|
Sharma C, Mansoori MN, Dixit M, Shukla P, Kumari T, Bhandari SPS, Narender T, Singh D, Arya KR. Ethanolic extract of Coelogyne cristata Lindley (Orchidaceae) and its compound coelogin promote osteoprotective activity in ovariectomized estrogen deficient mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:1702-1707. [PMID: 25442280 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Coelogyne cristata Lindley (CC) family Orchidaceae is an Indian medicinal plant used for the treatment of fractured bones in folk-tradition of Kumaon region, Uttarakhand, India. In continuation of our drug discovery program, feeding of ethanolic extract to ovariectomized estrogen deficient mice led to significant restoration of trabecular micro architecture in both femoral and tibial bones, better bone quality and also devoid of any uterine estrogenicity. Subsequently, coelogin, a pure compound was isolated from ethyl acetate fraction of C. cristata and evaluated in in vitro osteoblast cell cultures. Treatment of coelogin to osteoblasts led to enhanced ALP activity (a marker of osteoblast differentiation), mineral nodule formation and mRNA levels of osteogenic markers like BMP-2, Type 1 Collagen and RUNX-2. Based on these results, we propose that ethanolic extract of C. cristata and its pure compound coelogin have potential in the management of post menopausal osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Sharma
- Botany Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India
| | - Mohd Nizam Mansoori
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India
| | - Manisha Dixit
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India
| | - Priyanka Shukla
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India
| | - Tejaswita Kumari
- Botany Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India
| | - S P S Bhandari
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India
| | - T Narender
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India
| | - Divya Singh
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India
| | - K R Arya
- Botany Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
A novel therapeutic approach with Caviunin-based isoflavonoid that en routes bone marrow cells to bone formation via BMP2/Wnt-β-catenin signaling. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1422. [PMID: 25232676 PMCID: PMC4540190 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we reported that extract of Dalbergia sissoo made from leaves and pods have antiresorptive and bone-forming effects. The positive skeletal effect attributed because of active molecules present in the extract of Dalbergia sissoo. Caviunin 7-O-[β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1-6)-β-D-glucopyranoside] (CAFG), a novel isoflavonoid show higher percentage present in the extract. Here, we show the osteogenic potential of CAFG as an alternative for anabolic therapy for the treatment of osteoporosis by stimulating bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and Wnt/β-catenin mechanism. CAFG supplementation improved trabecular micro-architecture of the long bones, increased biomechanical strength parameters of the vertebra and femur and decreased bone turnover markers better than genistein. Oral administration of CAFG to osteopenic ovariectomized mice increased osteoprogenitor cells in the bone marrow and increased the expression of osteogenic genes in femur and show new bone formation without uterine hyperplasia. CAFG increased mRNA expression of osteoprotegerin in bone and inhibited osteoclast activation by inhibiting the expression of skeletal osteoclastogenic genes. CAFG is also an effective accelerant for chondrogenesis and has stimulatory effect on the repair of cortical bone after drill-hole injury at the tissue, cell and gene level in mouse femur. At cellular levels, CAFG stimulated osteoblast proliferation, survival and differentiation. Signal transduction inhibitors in osteoblast demonstrated involvement of p-38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway stimulated by BMP2 to initiate Wnt/β-catenin signaling to reduce phosphorylation of GSK3-β and subsequent nuclear accumulation of β-catenin. Osteogenic effects were abrogated by Dkk1, Wnt-receptor blocker and FH535, inhibitor of TCF-complex by reduction in β-catenin levels. CAFG modulated MSC responsiveness to BMP2, which promoted osteoblast differentiation via Wnt/β-catenin mechanism. CAFG at 1 mg/kg/day dose in ovariectomy mice (human dose ∼0.081 mg/kg) led to enhanced bone formation, reduced bone resorption and bone turnover better than well-known phytoestrogen genistein. Owing to CAFG's inherent properties for bone, it could be positioned as a potential drug, food supplement, for postmenopausal osteoporosis and fracture repair.
Collapse
|
42
|
Kureel J, Dixit M, Tyagi AM, Mansoori MN, Srivastava K, Raghuvanshi A, Maurya R, Trivedi R, Goel A, Singh D. miR-542-3p suppresses osteoblast cell proliferation and differentiation, targets BMP-7 signaling and inhibits bone formation. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1050. [PMID: 24503542 PMCID: PMC3944264 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that interfere with translation of specific target mRNAs and thereby regulate diverse biological processes. Recent studies have suggested that miRNAs might have a role in osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Here, we show that miR-542-3p, a well-characterized tumor suppressor whose downregulation is tightly associated with tumor progression via C-src-related oncogenic pathways, inhibits osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. miRNA array profiling in Medicarpin (a pterocarpan with proven bone-forming effects) induced mice calvarial osteoblast cells and further validation by quantitative real-time PCR revealed that miR-542-3p was downregulated during osteoblast differentiation. Over-expression of miR-542-3p inhibited osteoblast differentiation, whereas inhibition of miR-542-3p function by anti-miR-542-3p promoted expression of osteoblast-specific genes, alkaline phosphatase activity and matrix mineralization. Target prediction analysis tools and experimental validation by luciferase 3′ UTR reporter assay identified BMP-7 (bone morphogenetic protein 7) as a direct target of miR-542-3p. It was seen that over-expression of miR-542-3p leads to repression of BMP-7 and inhibition of BMP-7/PI3K- survivin signaling. This strongly suggests that miR-542-3p suppresses osteogenic differentiation and promotes osteoblast apoptosis by repressing BMP-7 and its downstream signaling. Furthermore, silencing of miR-542-3p led to increased bone formation, bone strength and improved trabecular microarchitecture in sham and ovariectomized (Ovx) mice. Although miR-542-3p is known to be a tumor repressor, we have identified second complementary function of miR-542-3p where it inhibits BMP-7-mediated osteogenesis. Our findings suggest that pharmacological inhibition of miR-542-3p by anti-miR-542-3p could represent a therapeutic strategy for enhancing bone formation in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Kureel
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), Lucknow, India
| | - M Dixit
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), Lucknow, India
| | - A M Tyagi
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), Lucknow, India
| | - M N Mansoori
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), Lucknow, India
| | - K Srivastava
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), Lucknow, India
| | - A Raghuvanshi
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, India
| | - R Maurya
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, India
| | - R Trivedi
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), Lucknow, India
| | - A Goel
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, India
| | - D Singh
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), Lucknow, India
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Pandey A, Misra P, Khan MP, Swarnkar G, Tewari MC, Bhambhani S, Trivedi R, Chattopadhyay N, Trivedi PK. Co-expression of Arabidopsis transcription factor, AtMYB12, and soybean isoflavone synthase, GmIFS1, genes in tobacco leads to enhanced biosynthesis of isoflavones and flavonols resulting in osteoprotective activity. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2014; 12:69-80. [PMID: 24102754 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Isoflavones, a group of flavonoids, restricted almost exclusively to family Leguminosae are known to exhibit anticancerous and anti-osteoporotic activities in animal systems and have been a target for metabolic engineering in commonly consumed food crops. Earlier efforts based on the expression of legume isoflavone synthase (IFS) genes in nonlegume plant species led to the limited success in terms of isoflavone content in transgenic tissue due to the limitation of substrate for IFS enzyme. In this work to overcome this limitation, the activation of multiple genes of flavonoid pathway using Arabidopsis transcription factor AtMYB12 has been carried out. We developed transgenic tobacco lines constitutively co-expressing AtMYB12 and GmIFS1 (soybean IFS) genes or independently and carried out their phytochemical and molecular analyses. The leaves of co-expressing transgenic lines were found to have elevated flavonol content along with the accumulation of substantial amount of genistein glycoconjugates being at the highest levels that could be engineered in tobacco leaves till date. Oestrogen-deficient (ovariectomized, Ovx) mice fed with leaf extract from transgenic plant co-expressing AtMYB12 and GmIFS1 but not wild-type extract exhibited significant conservation of trabecular microarchitecture, reduced osteoclast number and expression of osteoclastogenic genes, higher total serum antioxidant levels and increased uterine oestrogenicity compared with Ovx mice treated with vehicle (control). The skeletal effect of the transgenic extract was comparable to oestrogen-treated Ovx mice. Together, our results establish an efficient strategy for successful pathway engineering of isoflavones and other flavonoids in crop plants and provide a direct evidence of improved osteoprotective effect of transgenic plant extract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Pandey
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Botanical Research Institute, (CSIR-NBRI), Lucknow, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Khedgikar V, Kushwaha P, Gautam J, Verma A, Changkija B, Kumar A, Sharma S, Nagar GK, Singh D, Trivedi PK, Sangwan NS, Mishra PR, Trivedi R. Withaferin A: a proteasomal inhibitor promotes healing after injury and exerts anabolic effect on osteoporotic bone. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e778. [PMID: 23969857 PMCID: PMC3763455 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Withania somnifera or Ashwagandha is a medicinal herb of Ayurveda. Though the extract and purified molecules, withanolides, from this plant have been shown to have different pharmacological activities, their effect on bone formation has not been studied. Here, we show that one of the withanolide, withaferin A (WFA) acts as a proteasomal inhibitor (PI) and binds to specific catalytic β subunit of the 20S proteasome. It exerts positive effect on osteoblast by increasing osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. WFA increased expression of osteoblast-specific transcription factor and mineralizing genes, promoted osteoblast survival and suppressed inflammatory cytokines. In osteoclast, WFA treatment decreased osteoclast number directly by decreasing expression of tartarate-resistant acid phosphatase and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANK) and indirectly by decreasing osteoprotegrin/RANK ligand ratio. Our data show that in vitro treatment of WFA to calvarial osteoblast cells decreased expression of E3 ubiquitin ligase, Smad ubiquitin regulatory factor 2 (Smurf2), preventing degradation of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RunX2) and relevant Smad proteins, which are phosphorylated by bone morphogenetic protein 2. Increased Smurf2 expression due to exogenous treatment of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) to primary osteoblast cells was decreased by WFA treatment. This was corroborated by using small interfering RNA against Smurf2. Further, WFA also blocked nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kB) signaling as assessed by tumor necrosis factor stimulated nuclear translocation of p65-subunit of NF-kB. Overall data show that in vitro proteasome inhibition by WFA simultaneously promoted osteoblastogenesis by stabilizing RunX2 and suppressed osteoclast differentiation, by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis. Oral administration of WFA to osteopenic ovariectomized mice increased osteoprogenitor cells in the bone marrow and increased expression of osteogenic genes. WFA supplementation improved trabecular micro-architecture of the long bones, increased biomechanical strength parameters of the vertebra and femur, decreased bone turnover markers (osteocalcin and TNFα) and expression of skeletal osteoclastogenic genes. It also increased new bone formation and expression of osteogenic genes in the femur bone as compared with vehicle groups (Sham) and ovariectomy (OVx), Bortezomib (known PI), injectible parathyroid hormone and alendronate (FDA approved drugs). WFA promoted the process of cortical bone regeneration at drill-holes site in the femur mid-diaphysis region and cortical gap was bridged with woven bone within 11 days of both estrogen sufficient and deficient (ovariectomized, Ovx) mice. Together our data suggest that WFA stimulates bone formation by abrogating proteasomal machinery and provides knowledge base for its clinical evaluation as a bone anabolic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Khedgikar
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Gupta GK, Kumar A, Khedgikar V, Kushwaha P, Gautam J, Nagar GK, Gupta V, Verma A, Dwivedi AK, Misra A, Trivedi R, Mishra PR. Osteogenic efficacy enhancement of kaempferol through an engineered layer-by-layer matrix: a study in ovariectomized rats. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2013; 8:757-71. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: A layer-by-layer matrix (LBL) comprising kaempferol (LBL–KEM) was prepared for improved osteogenic action. Materials & methods: The LBL–KEM consisted of alternate layers of sodium alginate and protamine sulfate, which were sequentially deposited on the preformed kaempferol (KEM)-loaded CaCO3 core (CaCO3–KEM) by LBL self-assembly. The LBL matrix developed was evaluated for layer growth by ζ-potential and size alterations after self-assembly of each layer. Its physicochemical properties and intestinal absorption pattern were characterized and its pharmacokinetic behavior, mineralization of bone marrow cells, bone mineral density, bone strength, microcrack formation and estrogenicity were evaluated after oral administration. Results: The entrapment efficiency of KEM was 94 ± 2% and the cumulative %KEM released from LBL–KEM was 19.2 and 63.5% at pH 1.4 and 7.4, respectively, after 24 h. Stepwise polyelectrolyte assembly onto initially positively charged particles (+21.2 mV) resulted in alterations between -28.5 and +10.9 mV. A final ζ-potential of -8.9 mV was obtained after terminal surface modification with sodium deoxycholate. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled LBL matrix was diffused into the basolateral lacteal region upon oral administration to rats. The area under the KEM serum concentration curve following oral administration of LBL–KEM to rats was 2479 ± 682 ng·h/ml, nearly twofold higher than free KEM. The concentration–time profile in bone marrow indicated improved penetration and retention of KEM on administration of LBL–KEM. Treatment with LBL–KEM restored bone mineralization, bone mineral density, microcrack formation and empty osteocyte lacunae density in ovariectomized (OVx) rats, which was significantly (p < 0.05) improved in femoral diaphysea, tibial head and vertebrae compared with free KEM treatment. Administration of LBL–KEM to growing female rats for 4 weeks resulted in no estrogenicity when compared with OVx rats. Conclusion: The data suggests that LBL matrix enhanced drug delivery, improved pharmacokinetics and maintained better bone quality under OVx conditions. Original submitted 30 November 2011; Revised submitted 17 May 2012; Published online 14 January 2013
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Girish K Gupta
- Division of Pharmaceutics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Chattar Manzil Palace, Lucknow 226-001, India
| | - Avinash Kumar
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Chattar Manzil Palace, Lucknow 226-001, India
| | - Vikram Khedgikar
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Chattar Manzil Palace, Lucknow 226-001, India
| | - Priyanka Kushwaha
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Chattar Manzil Palace, Lucknow 226-001, India
| | - Jyoti Gautam
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Chattar Manzil Palace, Lucknow 226-001, India
| | - Geet K Nagar
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Chattar Manzil Palace, Lucknow 226-001, India
| | - Varsha Gupta
- Division of Pharmaceutics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Chattar Manzil Palace, Lucknow 226-001, India
| | - Ashwni Verma
- Division of Pharmaceutics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Chattar Manzil Palace, Lucknow 226-001, India
| | - Anil Kumar Dwivedi
- Division of Pharmaceutics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Chattar Manzil Palace, Lucknow 226-001, India
| | - Amit Misra
- Division of Pharmaceutics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Chattar Manzil Palace, Lucknow 226-001, India
| | - Ritu Trivedi
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Chattar Manzil Palace, Lucknow 226-001, India
| | - Prabhat Ranjan Mishra
- Division of Pharmaceutics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Chattar Manzil Palace, Lucknow 226-001, India.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Greater Skeletal Gains in Ovary Intact Rats at Maturity Are Achieved by Supplementing a Standardized Extract of Butea monosperma Stem Bark that Confers Better Bone Conserving Effect following Ovariectomy and Concurrent Treatment Withdrawal. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:519387. [PMID: 23710224 PMCID: PMC3655608 DOI: 10.1155/2013/519387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
With a longitudinally designed study, we tested whether an acetone soluble fraction (ASF) from the stem bark of Butea monosperma resulted in maximizing bone gain in rats during growth and maturation and thus protected against osteopenia following ovariectomy (OVx) with concomitant treatment withdrawal. Female rats at weaning were given ASF (100 mg/kg/d) or vehicle for 12 weeks, and baseline skeletal parameters (micro-CT) and total plasma antioxidant status (TAS) were measured. At this stage, one group was OVx and the other group was sham operated. Vehicle group (untreated) after OVx was given E2 or continued with vehicle (OVx control). ASF group after OVx was given vehicle (ASF withdrawn, ASFW). After another 12 weeks, all groups were killed and various skeletal parameters were determined. ASF resulted in substantially better skeletal parameters and higher plasma TAS over control at maturity. Rats treated with ASF before OVx had reduced rates of bone loss compared to OVx control. Twelve weeks after OVx, the ASFW group exhibited better trabecular microarchitectural preservation, bone turnover profiles, increased cortical deposition, and biomechanical strength over the OVx control, and the effects were comparable to OVx + E2 group. ASF supplementation during skeletal growth could maximize bone accrual and could confer increased resistance to post-OVx osteopenia despite treatment withdrawal.
Collapse
|
47
|
Srivastava K, Tyagi AM, Khan K, Dixit M, Lahiri S, Kumar A, Changkija B, Khan MP, Nagar GK, Yadav DK, Maurya R, Singh SP, Jain GK, Trivedi R, Chattopadhyay N, Singh D. Isoformononetin, a methoxydaidzein present in medicinal plants, reverses bone loss in osteopenic rats and exerts bone anabolic action by preventing osteoblast apoptosis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 20:470-480. [PMID: 23395215 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Daidzein (Daid) has been implicated in bone health for its estrogen-'like' effects but low bioavailability, unfavorable metabolism and uterine estrogenicity impede its clinical potential. This study was aimed at assessing isoformononetin (Isoformo), a naturally occurring methoxydaidzein, for bone anabolic effect by overcoming the pitfalls associated with Daid. METHODS Sprague-Dawley ovariectomized (OVx) rats with established osteopenia were administered Isoformo, 17β-oestradiol (E2) or human parathyroid hormone. Efficacy was evaluated by bone microarchitecture using microcomputed tomography and determination of new bone formation by fluorescent labeling of bone. Osteoblast apoptosis was measured by co-labeling of bone sections with Runx-2 and TUNEL. Biochemical markers of bone metabolism were measured by ELISA. Plasma and bone marrow levels of Isoformo and Daid were determined by LC-MS-MS. Rat bone marrow stromal cells were harvested to study osteoblastic differentiation by Isoformo and Daid. New born rat pups were injected with Isoformo and Daid to study the effect of the compounds on the expression of osteogenic genes in the calvaria by real time PCR. RESULTS In osteopenic rats, Isoformo treatment restored trabecular microarchitecture, increased new bone formation, increased the serum osteogenic marker (procollagen N-terminal propeptide), decreased resorptive marker (urinary C-terminal teleopeptide of type I collagen) and diminished osteoblast apoptosis in bone. At the most effective osteogenic dose of Isoformo, plasma and bone marrow levels were comprised of ~90% Isoformo and the rest, Daid. Isoformo at the concentration reaching the bone marrow achieved out of its most effective oral dosing induced stromal cell mineralization and osteogenic gene expression in the calvaria of neonatal rats. Isoformo exhibited uterine safety. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that Isoformo reverses established osteopenia in adult OVx rats likely via its pro-survival effect on osteoblasts. Given its bone anabolic and anti-catabolic effects accompanied with safety at uterine level we propose its potential in the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Srivastava
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Chattar Manzil, Lucknow, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Dejon L, Mohammed H, Du P, Jacob C, Speicher A. Synthesis of chromenoindole derivatives from Robinia pseudoacacia. MEDCHEMCOMM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3md00213f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
49
|
Goel A, Kumar A, Raghuvanshi A. Synthesis, stereochemistry, structural classification, and chemical reactivity of natural pterocarpans. Chem Rev 2012; 113:1614-40. [PMID: 23214501 DOI: 10.1021/cr300219y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Atul Goel
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Tyagi AM, Srivastava K, Mansoori MN, Trivedi R, Chattopadhyay N, Singh D. Estrogen deficiency induces the differentiation of IL-17 secreting Th17 cells: a new candidate in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44552. [PMID: 22970248 PMCID: PMC3438183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Th17 cells produce IL-17, and the latter promotes bone loss in collagen-induced arthritis in mice. Blocking IL-17 action in mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis reduces disease symptoms. These observations suggest that Th17 cells may be involved in the pathogenesis of bone loss. However, the role of Th17 cell in estrogen (E2) deficiency-induced bone loss is still not very clear. We investigated the effect of E2 on Th17 differentiation in vivo and IL-17 mediated regulation of osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation. Additionally, effect of IL-17 functional block under E2 deficiency-induced bone loss was studied. In murine bone marrow cells, E2 suppressed IL-17 mediated osteoclast differentiation. IL-17 inhibited formation of mineralized nodules in osteoblasts and this effect was suppressed by E2. E2 treatment to mouse calvarial osteoblasts inhibited the IL-17-induced production of osteoclastogenic cytokines and NF-kB translocation. In ovariectomized mice, there was increase in the number of Th17 cells, transcription factors promoting Th17 cell differentiation and circulating IL-17 levels. These effects were reversed by E2 supplementation. Treatment of neutralizing IL-17 monoclonal antibody to Ovx mice mitigated the E2 deficiency-induced trabecular bone loss and reversed the decreased osteoprotegerin-to-receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) transcript levels in long bones, increased osteoclast differentiation from the bone marrow precursor cells and decreased osteoblast differentiation from the bone marrow stromal cells. Our findings indicate that E2 deficiency leads to increased differentiation of Th17 cells with attendant up regulation of STAT3, ROR-γt and ROR-α and downregulation of Foxp3 which antagonizes Th17 cell differentiation. Increased IL-17 production in turn induces bone loss by increasing pro-osteoclastogenic cytokines including TNF-α, IL-6 and RANKL from osteoblasts and functional block of IL-17 prevents bone loss. IL-17 thus plays a critical causal role in Ovx-induced bone loss and may be considered a potential therapeutic target in pathogenesis of post menopausal osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul M. Tyagi
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Chattar Manzil, Lucknow, India
| | - Kamini Srivastava
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Chattar Manzil, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohd Nizam Mansoori
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Chattar Manzil, Lucknow, India
| | - Ritu Trivedi
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Chattar Manzil, Lucknow, India
| | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Chattar Manzil, Lucknow, India
| | - Divya Singh
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Chattar Manzil, Lucknow, India
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|