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Hansda SR, Haldar C. Uterine anomalies in cell proliferation, energy homeostasis and oxidative stress in PCOS hamsters, M. auratus: Therapeutic potentials of melatonin. Life Sci 2021; 281:119755. [PMID: 34175318 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a reproductive, endocrine and metabolic disorder. Less is known about the mechanism of its effect on uterine function and therapeutic potential of melatonin. Our aim was to evaluate uterine dysfunction(s) in letrozole induced PCOS and its possible rectification by melatonin. MAIN METHODS Adult female golden hamsters were divided into groups of Control (C), Melatonin (M; 1 mg/kg b.w.), Letrozole (L; 3 mg/kg b.w.) and combination of Letrozole+Melatonin (L + M; 3 mg/kg b.w. + 1 mg/kg b.w.) which were treated for 40 days. Analysis of serum testosterone/estradiol/progesterone/leptin/insulin, uterine histomorphometry, immunohistochemistry for proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), homeostatic assessment model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), western blotting for PCNA, androgen receptor (AR), insulin receptor (InsR), glucose tansporter-4 (GLUT-4), nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and biochemical analysis of superoxide dismutase (SOD)/catalase/lipid peroxidation (LPO) were done. KEY FINDINGS Serum testosterone, leptin and insulin increased while uterine InsR/GLUT-4 expression decreased in L group indicating metabolic abnormalities. Endometrial hyperplasia, increased expression of PCNA and AR indicated abnormal proliferation in L compared to C. Increased uterine oxidative load (SOD/catalase/LPO) and inflammatory markers NFκB/COX-2 expression in L was responsible for high tissue oxidative stress and inflammation. M administration normalized all the above parameters suggesting its ameliorative effect in L + M group. SIGNIFICANCE We report PCOS induced uterine dysfunction in Mesocricetus auratus for the first time. M administration restores uterine functions modulating cellular dynamicity, metabolic status, decreased oxidative and inflammatory load in PCOS hamsters. Therefore, we suggest the therapeutic potential of M against PCOS led uterine abnormalities to restore female fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti R Hansda
- Pineal Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India.
| | - Chandana Haldar
- Pineal Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India.
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Daghestani MH, Daghestani M, Daghistani M, El-Mazny A, Bjørklund G, Chirumbolo S, Al Saggaf SH, Warsy A. A study of ghrelin and leptin levels and their relationship to metabolic profiles in obese and lean Saudi women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:195. [PMID: 30131073 PMCID: PMC6103980 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0839-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is considered as one of the most frequently encountered hormonal pathologies in women during their reproductive years. Leptin and ghrelin, peptide hormones with adipostatic and orexigenic effect, respectively, seem to be involved in the metabolic changes that occur in PCOS. The aim of this study was to determine serum ghrelin and leptin levels in obese and lean Saudi women with PCOS and to investigate their relationship to the metabolic profiles in these women. METHODS This study was conducted as a prospective, observational, cross-sectional, case-control study, at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Al-Noor Hospital, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study population included 252 women [130 women with PCOS (diagnosed according to the Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS Consensus, 2003) and 122 normo-ovulatory women as matched controls] attending the outpatient Gynecology Clinic. Demographic details were recorded, blood was extracted following overnight fast and serum was used for the determination of serum ghrelin and leptin levels and other hormonal and biochemical parameters including total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, glucose, and insulin. Insulin resistance and sensitivity were calculated as HOMA-IR and HOMA-S. RESULTS No significant differences in ghrelin (P = 0.1830) and leptin (P = 0.8329) levels were detected between the PCOS and control groups. However, ghrelin levels were significantly lower; and leptin levels were significantly higher in obese PCOS patients in comparison with lean patients (P = 0.0001 for both). In the PCOS group, there were significant correlations between ghrelin and leptin levels with Body Mass Index (BMI), waist-hip ratio, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL and insulin levels. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that insulin was the main determinant for ghrelin (R2 = 0.316) and leptin (R2 = 0.352) levels (P = 0.0001 for both). CONCLUSIONS Although serum ghrelin and leptin levels were found to be normal in women with PCOS; yet, there is a relationship, possibly linked to obesity, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance between these levels and metabolic profile of Saudi PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mazin Daghestani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamoon Daghistani
- Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akmal El-Mazny
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Cairo, Kasr Al-ainy, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Mo i Rana, Norway
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Samar H. Al Saggaf
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arjumand Warsy
- Central Laboratory, Female Center for Scientific and Medical Colleges, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Fernandes JRD, Jain S, Banerjee A. Expression of ODC1, SPD, SPM and AZIN1 in the hypothalamus, ovary and uterus during rat estrous cycle. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 246:9-22. [PMID: 28315656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate variation in the expression pattern of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC1), spermine (SPM), spermidine (SPD) and antizyme inhibitor (AZIN1) in hypothalamus, ovary and uterus during the estrous cycle of rats. Further, to understand any correlation between polyamines and GnRH I expression in hypothalamus; effect of putrescine treatment on GnRH I expression in hypothalamus and progesterone and estradiol levels in serum were investigated. The study also aims in quantifying all the immunohistochemistry images obtained based on pixel counting algorithm to yield the relative pixel count. This algorithm uses a red green blue (RGB) colour thresholding approach to quantify the intensity of the chromogen present. The result of the present study demonstrates almost similar expression pattern of polyamine and polyamine related factors, ODC1, SPD, SPM and AZIN1, with that of hypothalamic GnRH I, all of which mainly localized in the medial preoptic area (MPA) of the hypothalamus, during the proestrus, estrus and diestrus. This suggest that hypothalamic GnRH I expression is under regulation of polyamines. The study showed significant increase in hypothalamic GnRH I expression for both the doses of putrescine treatment to adult female rats. Further, it was shown that in ovary expression pattern of ODC1, SPM, SPD and AZIN1 were similar with that of steroidogenic factor, StAR during the estrous cycle, and putrescine supplementation increased significantly estradiol and progesterone levels in serum, all suggesting ovarian polyamines are involved in regulation of ovarian steroidogenesis. Localization of these factors in the theca and granulosa cells suggest involvement of polyamines in the process of folliculogenesis and luteinization; and ODC1, SPD, SPM and AZIN1 in oocyte further suggests polyamine role in maintenance of oocyte physiology. Finally, in uterus SPM and AZIN1 were localized throughout the estrous cycle, being comparatively more during the metestrus phase. There was intense immunostaining of SPD in the luminal and glandular epithelium during the metestrus and diestrus phases of the estrous cycle suggesting these all the three polyamines as such play important role in regulation of uterine physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R D Fernandes
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus, Goa 403726, India
| | - Sammit Jain
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus, Goa 403726, India
| | - Arnab Banerjee
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus, Goa 403726, India.
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Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone orchestrate the reproduction cycle and regulate the sex steroid secretion from the gonads. In mammals, GnRH1 is secreted as a hormone from the hypothalamus, whereas both GnRH1 and GnRH2 are present as neurotransmitters/peptides in various tissues, where the peptides exert many different effects. mRNA coding for GnRH1 and GnRH2 have been described in the human gastrointestinal tract, and GnRH has been found in both submucosal and myenteric neurons. mRNA coding for GnRH and the fully expressed peptide have been found in rat enteric neurons by some researchers but not by others. mRNA coding for GnRH receptors, but not the fully expressed receptor, has been found in one rat study. GnRH influences gastrointestinal motility and secretion. GnRH analogs are clinically used in the treatment of sex hormone-dependent diseases, i.e., endometriosis and malignancies, and as pretreatment for in vitro fertilization. Reduced numbers of enteric neurons and IgM antibodies against GnRH and progonadoliberin-2 (precursor of GnRH2) have been observed after such treatment, with the clinical picture of gastrointestinal dysmotility. Similarly, a rat model of enteric neurodegeneration has been developed after administration of the GnRH analog buserelin. Serum IgM antibodies against GnRH1, progonadoliberin-2, and GnRH receptors have been described in patients with signs and symptoms of gastrointestinal dysmotility and/or autonomic dysfunction, such as irritable bowel syndrome, enteric dysmotility, diabetes mellitus, and primary Sjögren's syndrome. Thus, apart from regulation of reproduction and sex hormone secretion, GnRH also constitutes a part of enteric nervous system (ENS) and its functions during physiological and pathological conditions. This review aimed to describe the role of GnRH in the ENS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodil Ohlsson
- Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Division of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Bodil Ohlsson,
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Ohlsson B. Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone and Its Physiological and Pathophysiological Roles in Relation to the Structure and Function of the Gastrointestinal Tract. Eur Surg Res 2016; 57:22-33. [DOI: 10.1159/000445717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
<b><i>Background:</i></b> Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) are involved in the reproductive cycle and regulate the secretion of sex steroids from the gonads. In mammals, GnRH1 is secreted as a hormone from the hypothalamus, whereas both GnRH1 and GnRH2 are present as neuropeptides in a variety of tissues. This review describes the role of GnRH in the gastrointestinal tract. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> GnRH1, GnRH2, and LH receptors in humans and rats, and GnRH receptors in rats, have been described in the gastrointestinal tract, where they affect motility, gastric and hormone secretion, and cell proliferation. GnRH analogs are clinically used in the treatment of sex hormone-dependent diseases, i.e., endometriosis and malignancies, and as pretreatments for in vitro fertilization. Severe gastrointestinal dysmotility has been shown to develop in some women after such treatment, along with a reduction in the number of enteric neurons and autoantibodies against GnRH. Consequently, a rat model of enteric neurodegeneration has been developed based on the administration of the GnRH analog buserelin. Serum IgM antibodies against GnRH1, the GnRH2 precursor progonadoliberin-2, and the GnRH receptor have also been described in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and dysmotility, as well as in patients with gastrointestinal disorders associated with diabetes mellitus, posterior laryngitis, and primary Sjögren's syndrome, although no treatments using GnRH analogs have been administered. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> GnRH and receptors for GnRH and LH are present in the human and rat gastrointestinal tract. Treatment with GnRH analogs may induce severe dysmotility, and a rat model of enteric neurodegeneration has been developed based on stimulation by the GnRH analog buserelin. Autoantibodies against GnRH and its receptor are found in a subgroup of patients with functional bowel disorders and dysmotility, independent of treatment with GnRH analogs.
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Sand E, Linninge C, Lozinska L, Egecioglu E, Roth B, Molin G, Weström B, Ekblad E, Ohlsson B. Buserelin treatment to rats causes enteric neurodegeneration with moderate effects on CRF-immunoreactive neurons and Enterobacteriaceae in colon, and in acetylcholine-mediated permeability in ileum. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:824. [PMID: 26710832 PMCID: PMC4693429 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1800-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analog buserelin causes enteric neuronal loss. Acute stress or injection of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) affects motility, secretion, and barrier function of the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of the study was to characterize the CRF immunoreactivity in enteric neurons after buserelin treatment, and to evaluate possible effects of enteric neuropathy on gut microbiota, intestinal permeability, and stress response behavior. Results Sixty rats were given buserelin (20 μg) or saline subcutaneously for 5 days, repeated four times with 3 weeks in-between. At the study end, enteric neuronal density, enteric expression of CRF, gut microbial composition, and plasma levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and CRF were analyzed. Intestinal permeability was examined in Ussing chambers and the reaction to stressful events was measured by behavior tests. Buserelin treatment reduced the number of neurons along the entire gastrointestinal tract, with increased relative numbers of CRF-immunoreactive submucosal and myenteric neurons in colon (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). The overall microbial diversity and relative abundance did not differ between groups, but Enterobacteriaceae was decreased in colon in buserelin-treated rats (p = 0.020). Basal intestinal permeability did not differ between groups, whereas carbachol stimulation increased ileum permeability in controls (p < 0.05), but not in buserelin-treated rats. Buserelin did not affect stress behavior. Conclusions Although buserelin treatment leads to enteric neuronal loss along the gastrointestinal tract with an increased percentage of CRF-immunoreactive neurons in colon, the physiology is well preserved, with modest effects on colon microbiota and absence of carbachol-induced permeability in ileum as the only observed changes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13104-015-1800-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Sand
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Inga Marie Nilssons street 32, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden. .,Neurogastroenterology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC B11, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Caroline Linninge
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, 22100, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Liudmyla Lozinska
- Department of Biology, Functional Biology, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Emil Egecioglu
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Bodil Roth
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Inga Marie Nilssons street 32, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Göran Molin
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, 22100, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Björn Weström
- Department of Biology, Functional Biology, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Eva Ekblad
- Neurogastroenterology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC B11, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Bodil Ohlsson
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Inga Marie Nilssons street 32, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden.
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Sand E, Voss U, Ohlsson B, Ekblad E. Luteinizing hormone receptors are expressed in rat myenteric neurons and mediate neuronal loss. Auton Neurosci 2015; 193:104-7. [PMID: 26480825 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical observations have suggested repeated gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) exposure to cause intestinal dysfunction and loss of enteric neurons. This has been further studied and confirmed in a rat in vivo model involving iterated GnRH treatments. Mechanisms behind are enigmatic since no GnRH receptors are found to be expressed in enteric neurons neither in man nor rat. Both species, however, harbor substantial subpopulations of luteinizing hormone (LH) receptor-immunoreactive myenteric neurons which suggests that intestinal GnRH-induced neuropathy may be mediated by LH release. AIMS To reveal if exposures of GnRH or LH to rat myenteric neurons in vitro cause neuronal loss. METHODS Primary cultured adult rat myenteric neurons were exposed to single or repeated treatments of the GnRH analog buserelin or the LH analog lutrotropin alpha, and neuronal survival was determined by cell counting. Possible presence of GnRH- or LH receptor -immunoreactive neurons was determined by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS Exposure to the LH, but not the GnRH, analog caused significantly reduced neuronal survival. LH, but not GnRH, receptors were found to be expressed on cultured myenteric neurons. CONCLUSION Myenteric neurons express LH receptors in vitro and LH exposure causes reduced neuronal survival. This suggests that GnRH-induced enteric neuropathy in vivo is mediated by way of LH release and activation of enteric neuronal LH receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Sand
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Unit Neurogastroenterology, BMC B11, Lund University, Sölvegatan 19, SE 22184 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Ulrikke Voss
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Unit Neurogastroenterology, BMC B11, Lund University, Sölvegatan 19, SE 22184 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Bodil Ohlsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine, Lund University, Sweden Lund University, Inga Marie Nilssons gata 32, SE 21428 Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Eva Ekblad
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Unit Neurogastroenterology, BMC B11, Lund University, Sölvegatan 19, SE 22184 Lund, Sweden.
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Zhang LH, Tan XY, Wu K, Zhuo MQ, Song YF, Chen QL. Regulation and mechanism of leptin on lipid metabolism in ovarian follicle cells from yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 222:116-23. [PMID: 26119184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine the effect of leptin on lipid metabolism in ovarian follicle cells of yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. For that purpose, primary ovarian follicle cells were isolated from yellow catfish, cultured and subjected to different treatments (control, 0.1% DMSO, 500ng/ml leptin, 500ng/ml leptin plus 100μM wortmannin, 500ng/ml leptin plus 50nM AG490, respectively) for 48h. Intracellular triglyceride (TG) content, the activities (CPT I, FAS, G6PD, and 6PGD) and/or expression level of several enzymes (CPT I, FAS, G6PD, 6PGD, ACCa and ACCb), as well as the mRNA expression of transcription factors (PPARα, PPARγ and SREBP-1) involved in lipid metabolism were determined. Recombinant human leptin (rt-hLEP) incubation significantly reduced intracellular TG content, activities and mRNA levels of FAS, G6PD and 6PGD, SREBP-1 and PPARγ, but enhanced activity and mRNA level of CPT I, PPARα and ACCa. Specific inhibitors AG490 and wortmannin of JAK-STAT and IRS-PI3K signaling pathways prevented leptin-induced changes, indicating that JAK-STAT and IRS-PI3K signaling pathways were involved in the process of leptin-induced changes of lipid metabolism. Based on these observations above, for the first time, our study indicated that leptin reduced lipid deposition by activating lipolysis and suppressing lipogenesis in ovarian follicles of yellow catfish, and both JAK-STAT and IRS-PI3K signaling pathways were involved in the changes of leptin-induced lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Han Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Center of Hubei Province, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Tan
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Center of Hubei Province, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Kun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Center of Hubei Province, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mei-Qin Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Center of Hubei Province, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yu-Feng Song
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Center of Hubei Province, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qing-Ling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Center of Hubei Province, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Rak A, Drwal E, Wróbel A, Gregoraszczuk EŁ. Resistin is a survival factor for porcine ovarian follicular cells. Reproduction 2015; 150:343-55. [PMID: 26159832 DOI: 10.1530/rep-15-0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated the expression of resistin in the porcine ovary, the regulation of its expression and its direct effect on ovarian steroidogenesis. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of resistin on cell proliferation and apoptosis in a co-culture model of porcine granulosa and theca cells. First, we analysed the effect of resistin at 1 and 10 ng/ml alone or in combination with FSH- and IGF1 on ovarian cell proliferation with an alamarBlue assay and protein expression of cyclins A and B using western blot. Next, the mRNA and protein expression of selected pro-apoptotic and pro-survival regulators of cell apoptosis, caspase-9, -8 and -3 activity and DNA fragmentation using real time PCR, western blot, fluorescent assay and an ELISA kit, respectively, were analysed after resistin treatment. Furthermore, we determined the effect of resistin on the protein expression of ERK1/2, Stat and Akt kinase. Using specific inhibitors of these kinases, we also checked caspase-3 activity and protein expression. We found that resistin, at both doses, has no effect on cell proliferation. The results showed that resistin decreased pro-apoptotic genes, which was confirmed on protein expression of selected factors. We demonstrate an inhibitory effect of resistin on caspase activity and DNA fragmentation. Finally, resistin stimulated phosphorylation of the ERK1/2, Stat and Akt and kinases inhibitors reversed resistin action on caspase-3 activity and protein expression to control. All of these results showed that resistin has an inhibitory effect on porcine ovarian cell apoptosis by activation of the MAPK/ERK, JAK/Stat and Akt/PI3 kinase signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Rak
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of ReproductionInstitute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Eliza Drwal
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of ReproductionInstitute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Anna Wróbel
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of ReproductionInstitute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Ewa Łucja Gregoraszczuk
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of ReproductionInstitute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
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Newell-Fugate AE, Taibl JN, Alloosh M, Sturek M, Bahr JM, Nowak RA, Krisher RL. Effects of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome on Steroidogenesis and Folliculogenesis in the Female Ossabaw Mini-Pig. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128749. [PMID: 26046837 PMCID: PMC4457902 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The discrete effects of obesity on infertility in females remain undefined to date. To investigate obesity-induced ovarian dysfunction, we characterized metabolic parameters, steroidogenesis, and folliculogenesis in obese and lean female Ossabaw mini-pigs. Nineteen nulliparous, sexually mature female Ossabaw pigs were fed a high fat/cholesterol/fructose diet (n=10) or a control diet (n=9) for eight months. After a three-month diet-induction period, pigs remained on their respective diets and had ovarian ultrasound and blood collection conducted during a five-month study period after which ovaries were collected for histology, cell culture, and gene transcript level analysis. Blood was assayed for steroid and protein hormones. Obese pigs developed abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome, including hyperglycemia, hypertension, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Obese pigs had elongated estrous cycles and hyperandrogenemia with decreased LH, increased FSH and luteal phase progesterone, and increased numbers of medium, ovulatory, and cystic follicles. Theca cells of obese, compared to control, pigs displayed androstenedione hypersecretion in response to in vitro treatment with LH, and up-regulated 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 and 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 4 transcript levels in response to in vitro treatment with LH or LH + insulin. Granulosa cells of obese pigs had increased 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 transcript levels. In summary, obese Ossabaw pigs have increased transcript levels and function of ovarian enzymes in the delta 4 steroidogenic pathway. Alterations in LH, FSH, and progesterone, coupled with theca cell dysfunction, contribute to the hyperandrogenemia and disrupted folliculogenesis patterns observed in obese pigs. The obese Ossabaw mini-pig is a useful animal model in which to study the effects of obesity and metabolic syndrome on ovarian function and steroidogenesis. Ultimately, this animal model may be useful toward the development of therapies to improve fertility in obese and/or hyperandrogenemic females or in which to examine the effects of obesity on the maternal-fetal environment and offspring health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie E. Newell-Fugate
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jessica N. Taibl
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Mouhamad Alloosh
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202–5120, United States of America
| | - Michael Sturek
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202–5120, United States of America
| | - Janice M. Bahr
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Romana A. Nowak
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Rebecca L. Krisher
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
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Singh A, Suragani M, Ehtesham NZ, Krishna A. Localization of resistin and its possible roles in the ovary of a vespertilionid bat, Scotophilus heathi. Steroids 2015; 95:17-23. [PMID: 25555474 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression and effect of resistin on ovarian activities of Scotophilus heathi. Immunohistochemical study showed marked variation in resistin immunostaining during different reproductive phases. Most intense immunostaining of resistin was noticed in thecal-interstitial cells in ovary during the period of delayed ovulation, the period of increased androgen synthesis and suppressed ovulation. The changes in ovarian resistin level also correlated positively with circulating leptin level and body white adipose tissue accumulation. The in vitro study showed that resistin alone preferentially stimulated progesterone synthesis, but with luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulated androgen secretion. Resistin alone dose-dependently increased expression of LH-receptor, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein and insulin receptor proteins in the ovary, whereas together with LH showed dose-dependent stimulatory effect on expression of androgen receptor and insulin receptor proteins in the ovary. In conclusion, during the period of fat accumulation increased ovarian resistin level may be responsible for increased androgen synthesis through insulin receptor mediated pathways in the ovary of S. heathi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Singh
- Reproductive Endocrinology Lab, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Madhuri Suragani
- Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, Hyderabad University Campus, Gachibowly, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Nasreen Z Ehtesham
- Inflammation Biology and Cell Signaling Laboratory, National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Amitabh Krishna
- Reproductive Endocrinology Lab, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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Singh A, Powell MD, Sridaran R, Krishna A. Effects of seasonal adiposity on ovarian activity of Vespertilionid bat, Scotophilus heathi: proteomics analysis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 399:219-27. [PMID: 25305638 PMCID: PMC4262559 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In present study comparative proteomics was utilized to identify ovarian protein profiles and correlate the expression of these proteins with adiposity induced changes in ovarian activity leading to suppression of ovulation (delayed ovulation) in the bat, S. heathi. To achieve this, two-dimension gel electrophoresis combined with protein identification by tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was applied. Protein profiles were obtained from intact ovaries of bats collected during recrudescence (basal body weight) and delayed ovulation (increased body weight) phases of reproductive cycle. Out of 42 differentially expressed protein spots, 15 protein spots were identified by LC-MS/MS. A majority of the 15 protein spots identified belonged to a group of enzymes within the glycolytic and citrate cycles. Greater concentrations of these enzymes were found during the period of delayed ovulation, which may be responsible for an increase in the production of ATP within the ovary. The increased metabolic activity and energy production observed within the ovary during winter dormancy may be required for increased steroidogenic activity during this period. The protein 14-3-3 identified by LC-MS/MS was verified by immunoblotting, which confirmed its increased expression during the period of delayed ovulation and may be associated with development of insulin resistance. Treatment with adipokines (adiponectin, resistin) is responsible for increased expression of 14-3-3 protein in the ovary of S. heathi. Adiposity-associated rise in adipokines are thus responsible for increased expression of 14-3-3 protein in the ovary of S. heathi, which may be responsible for prolonged survival of antral follicles and suppression of ovulation. The 14-3-3 protein may represent a new marker for adiposity associated ovarian anovulation (disorders).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Singh
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Michael D Powell
- Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, S.W., Atlanta, USA
| | | | - Amitabh Krishna
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India.
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Singh A, Suragani M, Krishna A. Effects of resistin on ovarian folliculogenesis and steroidogenesis in the vespertilionid bat, Scotophilus heathi. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2014; 208:73-84. [PMID: 25241398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The bat Scotophilus heathi exhibit prolonged anovulatory condition known as delayed ovulation coinciding with the period of extensive fat accumulation. The present study was undertaken to find out whether extensive accumulation of fat in S. heathi is responsible for suppression of ovarian activity by increasing production of adipokine resistin in the bat. This was achieved by (a) investigating variation in serum resistin level in relation to the changes in the body fat mass and (b) evaluating the effect of resistin treatment on ovarian activity with reference to steroid synthesis. An attempt was also made to determine whether resistin mediate its effects on ovary through signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling mechanism. The results showed significant seasonal variation in serum resistin level with the peak level coinciding with the period of maximum fat accumulation, high circulating androgen level and period of anovulation. The treatment with resistin to the bat caused increase in androstenedione due to stimulatory effects on 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, but decrease in estradiol level due to inhibitory effect on aromatase. Resistin treatment increased androgen receptor protein together with increased insulin receptor but not through conventional luteinizing hormone receptor and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein mediated pathways. This study further showed that resistin treatment increases androstenedione synthesis and up-regulates insulin receptor in the ovary through STAT3 mediated pathways. These findings suggest that obese women through increased resistin synthesis may causes development of non-ovulatory antral follicles through insulin receptor signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Singh
- Reproductive Endocrinology Lab, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Madhuri Suragani
- Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, Hyderabad University Campus, Gachibowly, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Amitabh Krishna
- Reproductive Endocrinology Lab, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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Krishna A. Modulation of ovarian steroidogenesis by adiponectin during delayed embryonic development of Cynopterus sphinx. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 143:291-305. [PMID: 24787661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of present study was to evaluate role of adiponectin in ovarian steroidogenesis during delayed embryonic development of Cynopterus sphinx. This study showed significantly low circulating adiponectin level and a decline in expression of adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) in the ovary during the period of delayed embryonic development as compared with the normal development. The adiponectin treatment in vivo during the period of delayed development caused significantly increased in circulating progesterone and estradiol levels together with increased expression of AdipoR1 in the ovary. The in vitro study confirmed the stimulatory effect of adiponectin on progesterone synthesis. Both in vivo and in vitro studies showed that the effects of adiponectin on ovarian steroidogenesis were mediated through increased expression of luteinizing hormone-receptor, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein and 3β-hydroxyl steroid dehydrogenase enzyme. The adiponectin treatment may also promote progesterone synthesis by modulating ovarian angiogenesis, cell survival and rate of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitabh Krishna
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India.
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Zeng X, Pang H, Li X, Luo S, Jin S, Li S. Impact of obesity on endometrial blood flow in women without polycystic ovarian syndrome during intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2013; 11:57. [PMID: 23803145 PMCID: PMC3698014 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-11-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity may exert a negative effect on in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment. However, the effect of obesity on the endometrium remains unknown. This study was designed to assess the effect of isolated body mass index (BMI) on endometrial blood supply in non-polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women during ICSI by power Doppler Ultrasound. METHODS An observational prospective study was carried out. A total of 206 patients without PCOS were divided into 4 groups based on Chinese BMI classification (kg/m(2): underweight (BMI < 18.5), normal weight (18.5 less than or equal to BMI < 24), overweight (24 less than or equal to BMI < 28), and obese (BMI greater than or equal to 28). Endometrial thickness, endometrial pattern, endometrial spiral arterial resistance index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) values and systolic/diastolic ratio (S/D) were assessed on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin administration. RESULTS Obese patients required more doses of gonadotrophin and longer stimulation duration than the normal weight patients (P < 0.05). Endometrial thickness and pattern were not statistically different between the 4 BMI subgroups (P > 0.05). Subendometrial blood flow was detected in 165 (80.1%) patients and spiral arterial PI was significantly higher in the obese group than in the normal weight and underweight groups (P < 0.05). All parameters of ICSI outcome were comparable, including pregnancy and miscarriage rates. CONCLUSIONS Obesity (BMI greater than or equal to 28 kg/m(2)) appears to exert a negative effect on endometrial and subendometrial blood flow based on the Chinese standard of obesity; however, it seems to have no significant effect on ICSI outcomes in non-PCOS women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Zeng
- Reproductive Medical Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Houqing Pang
- Ultrasound department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Reproductive Medical Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shan Luo
- Reproductive Medical Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Song Jin
- Reproductive Medical Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shangwei Li
- Reproductive Medical Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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Natural selection and adaptive evolution of leptin. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-012-5635-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Singh A, Krishna A. Effects of adiponectin on ovarian folliculogenesis and steroidogenesis in the vespertilionid bat, Scotophilus heathi. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2012; 178:502-10. [PMID: 22796157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 06/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The bat Scotophilus heathi undergo anovulation, known as delayed ovulation, coinciding with the period of seasonal adiposity due to fat accumulation. Because adiponectin is a well known fat cell product, it might be responsible for adiposity related anovulation in S. heathi. The aim of this study was thus to evaluate the effects of adiponectin treatment on ovarian activity in S. heathi. The bat during the period of delayed ovulation was treated with adiponectin (25 μg/day) for 12 days. Changes taken place in the ovarian activity of the treated bat was compared with the control bat and results obtained are presented here. Adiponectin treatment significantly decreased body mass by depleting adipose tissue. It acts directly upon the ovary and promotes antral follicular development by stimulating cell proliferation and modulating ovarian steroidogenesis. The bat treated with adiponectin showed significant decrease in circulating androstenedione (A4) and estradiol (E2) levels, but increase in circulating progesterone (P4) level. The inhibitory effect of adiponectin on androgen synthesis may be due to decreased thecal-interstitial cells differentiation in stroma by suppressing adiponectin receptor type 1 (AdipoR1), luteinizing hormone (LH) and insulin receptors in the ovary of S. heathi. The study provides evidences suggesting that the adiponectin treatment suppresses adiposity and restores normal ovarian activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Singh
- Reproductive Endocrinology Lab., Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Singh A, Krishna A. Localization of adiponectin and its receptor and its possible roles in the ovary of a vespertilionid bat, Scotophilus heathi. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2012; 176:240-51. [PMID: 22342274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Revised: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the seasonal variation in serum adiponectin levels and ovarian expression of adiponectin and its receptor in the Scotophilus heathi bat and their relationship to the changes in the body fat mass, serum insulin and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, and ovarian activity. A very high level of circulating adiponectin was found during recrudescence, whereas a very low level of circulating adiponectin was observed during pre-ovulatory period. The increased circulating adiponectin level coincided with fat deposition, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia (HI) in S. heathi. Immunocytochemical study in the ovary of bat showed localization of adiponectin mainly in thecal-interstitial cells (TICs), and adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) in the granulosa cells of growing follicles, but showed no staining in atretic follicle. Seasonal changes in ovarian adiponectin and AdipoR1 levels showed two peaks (during recrudescence and ovulatory phases) coinciding with two periods of follicular development. Adiponectin in the absence of LH, as occur during recrudescence, stimulates androstenedione (A4) synthesis in vitro by up-regulating the insulin receptor (IR). Adiponectin in presence of LH, as occur during pre-ovulatory phase, inhibits A4 synthesis in vitro by down-regulating androgen receptor (AR). Further, the in vitro study showed that adiponectin, in presence of LH, also promotes luteinizing hormone receptor (LH-R) and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) level in the ovary, which might help in development of ovulatory follicles. In brief, adiponectin in the absence of LH induces increased A4 synthesis and consequently the condition of delayed ovulation, whereas in the presence LH suppresses both synthesis and action of A4 and thus induces preovulatory condition in the ovary of S. heathi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Singh
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
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