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Palin MF, Caron A, Farmer C. Effects of sustained hyperprolactinemia in late gestation on the mammary parenchymal tissue transcriptome of gilts. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:40. [PMID: 36694114 PMCID: PMC9875420 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09136-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gilts experiencing sustained hyperprolactinemia from d 90 to 109 of gestation showed an early onset of lactogenesis coupled with premature mammary involution. To better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the premature mammary involution observed in these gilts, a transcriptomic analysis was undertaken. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effect of hyperprolactinemia on the global transcriptome in the mammary tissue of late gestating gilts and identify the molecular pathways involved in triggering premature mammary involution. METHODS On d 90 of gestation, gilts received daily injections of (1) canola oil until d 109 ± 1 of gestation (CTL, n = 18); (2) domperidone (to induce hyperprolactinemia) until d 96 ± 1 of gestation (T7, n = 17) or; (3) domperidone (until d 109 ± 1 of gestation (T20, n = 17). Mammary tissue was collected on d 110 of gestation and total RNA was isolated from six CTL and six T20 gilts for microarray analysis. The GeneChip® Porcine Gene 1.0 ST Array was used for hybridization. Functional enrichment analyses were performed to explore the biological significance of differentially expressed genes, using the DAVID bioinformatics resource. RESULTS The expression of 335 genes was up-regulated and that of 505 genes down-regulated in the mammary tissue of T20 vs CTL gilts. Biological process GO terms and KEGG pathways enriched in T20 vs CTL gilts reflected the concurrent premature lactogenesis and mammary involution. When looking at individual genes, it appears that mammary cells from T20 gilts can simultaneously upregulate the transcription of milk proteins such as WAP, CSN1S2 and LALBA, and genes triggering mammary involution such as STAT3, OSMR and IL6R. The down-regulation of PRLR expression and up-regulation of genes known to inactivate the JAK-STAT5 pathway (CISH, PTPN6) suggest the presence of a negative feedback loop trying to counteract the effects of hyperprolactinemia. CONCLUSIONS Genes and pathways identified in this study suggest that sustained hyperprolactinemia during late-pregnancy, in the absence of suckling piglets, sends conflicting pro-survival and cell death signals to mammary epithelial cells. Reception of these signals results in a mammary gland that can simultaneously synthesize milk proteins and initiate mammary involution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-France Palin
- grid.55614.330000 0001 1302 4958Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke R & D Centre, Sherbrooke, QC Canada
| | - Anouk Caron
- grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Université Laval, Québec, QC Canada
| | - Chantal Farmer
- grid.55614.330000 0001 1302 4958Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke R & D Centre, Sherbrooke, QC Canada
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2
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Morishita Y, Kellogg AP, Larkin D, Chen W, Vadrevu S, Satin L, Liu M, Arvan P. Cell death-associated lipid droplet protein CIDE-A is a noncanonical marker of endoplasmic reticulum stress. JCI Insight 2021; 6:143980. [PMID: 33661766 PMCID: PMC8119190 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.143980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretory protein misfolding has been linked to ER stress and cell death. We expressed a TGrdw transgene encoding TG-G(2298)R, a misfolded mutant thyroglobulin reported to be linked to thyroid cell death. When the TGrdw transgene was expressed at low level in thyrocytes of TGcog/cog mice that experienced severe ER stress, we observed increased thyrocyte cell death and increased expression of CIDE-A (cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector-A, a protein of lipid droplets) in whole thyroid gland. Here we demonstrate that acute ER stress in cultured PCCL3 thyrocytes increases Cidea mRNA levels, maintained at least in part by increased mRNA stability, while being negatively regulated by activating transcription factor 6 - with similar observations that ER stress increases Cidea mRNA levels in other cell types. CIDE-A protein is sensitive to proteasomal degradation yet is stabilized by ER stress, and elevated expression levels accompany increased cell death. Unlike acute ER stress, PCCL3 cells adapted and surviving chronic ER stress maintained a disproportionately lower relative mRNA level of Cidea compared with that of other, classical ER stress markers, as well as a blunted Cidea mRNA response to a new, unrelated acute ER stress challenge. We suggest that CIDE-A is a novel marker linked to a noncanonical ER stress response program, with implications for cell death and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Morishita
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Aaron P. Kellogg
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Dennis Larkin
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Suryakiran Vadrevu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Leslie Satin
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ming Liu
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Peter Arvan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Chen F, Yin Y, Chua BT, Li P. CIDE family proteins control lipid homeostasis and the development of metabolic diseases. Traffic 2019; 21:94-105. [PMID: 31746121 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng‐Jung Chen
- Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, the Human Phenome InstituteFudan University, and Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Yesheng Yin
- Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, the Human Phenome InstituteFudan University, and Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Boon Tin Chua
- Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, the Human Phenome InstituteFudan University, and Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life SciencesTsinghua University Beijing China
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4
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Librán-Pérez M, Pereiro P, Figueras A, Novoa B. Antiviral activity of palmitic acid via autophagic flux inhibition in zebrafish (Danio rerio). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 95:595-605. [PMID: 31676430 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) are key elements that affect not only growth but also different immune functions, and therefore, nutrition is important for growing healthy fish. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a good model for assessing the beneficial effects of immunostimulants, including FAs, before applying them in aquaculture. Accordingly, this study evaluated the effects of palmitic acid (PA) treatment on different immune parameters of zebrafish and on the mortality caused by the spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV). The results suggest that PA modulates the infection outcome in vivo, which benefits zebrafish and results in reduced mortality and viral titres. The antiviral protection elicited by this FA seems to be associated with the inhibition of autophagy and is independent of other immune processes, such as neutrophil proliferation or type I interferon (IFN) activity. The use of PA as an immunostimulant at low concentrations showed great potential in the prevention of SVCV infections; therefore, this FA could help to prevent the mortality and morbidity caused by viral agents in aquacultured fish. Nevertheless, the potentially detrimental effects of suppressing autophagy in the organism should be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Librán-Pérez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM), CSIC, Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain
| | - Patricia Pereiro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM), CSIC, Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain
| | - Antonio Figueras
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM), CSIC, Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain
| | - Beatriz Novoa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM), CSIC, Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain.
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5
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Slayton M, Gupta A, Balakrishnan B, Puri V. CIDE Proteins in Human Health and Disease. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030238. [PMID: 30871156 PMCID: PMC6468517 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell death-Inducing DNA Fragmentation Factor Alpha (DFFA)-like Effector (CIDE) proteins have emerged as lipid droplet-associated proteins that regulate fat metabolism. There are three members in the CIDE protein family—CIDEA, CIDEB, and CIDEC (also known as fat-specific protein 27 (FSP27)). CIDEA and FSP27 are primarily expressed in adipose tissue, while CIDEB is expressed in the liver. Originally, based upon their homology with DNA fragmentation factors, these proteins were identified as apoptotic proteins. However, recent studies have changed the perception of these proteins, redefining them as regulators of lipid droplet dynamics and fat metabolism, which contribute to a healthy metabolic phenotype in humans. Despite various studies in humans and gene-targeting studies in mice, the physiological roles of CIDE proteins remains elusive. This review will summarize the known physiological role and metabolic pathways regulated by the CIDE proteins in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Slayton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Diabetes Institute, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
| | - Abhishek Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Diabetes Institute, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
| | - Bijinu Balakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Diabetes Institute, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
| | - Vishwajeet Puri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Diabetes Institute, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
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6
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Gao G, Chen FJ, Zhou L, Su L, Xu D, Xu L, Li P. Control of lipid droplet fusion and growth by CIDE family proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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7
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Tirinato L, Pagliari F, Limongi T, Marini M, Falqui A, Seco J, Candeloro P, Liberale C, Di Fabrizio E. An Overview of Lipid Droplets in Cancer and Cancer Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:1656053. [PMID: 28883835 PMCID: PMC5572636 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1656053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, lipid droplets have been considered as the main cellular organelles involved in the fat storage, because of their lipid composition. However, in recent years, some new and totally unexpected roles have been discovered for them: (i) they are active sites for synthesis and storage of inflammatory mediators, and (ii) they are key players in cancer cells and tissues, especially in cancer stem cells. In this review, we summarize the main concepts related to the lipid droplet structure and function and their involvement in inflammatory and cancer processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Tirinato
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
- Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - F. Pagliari
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - T. Limongi
- Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - M. Marini
- Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Falqui
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - J. Seco
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - P. Candeloro
- BioNEM Lab, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - C. Liberale
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - E. Di Fabrizio
- Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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Yan P, Tang S, Zhang H, Guo Y, Zeng Z, Wen Q. Palmitic acid triggers cell apoptosis in RGC-5 retinal ganglion cells through the Akt/FoxO1 signaling pathway. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:453-460. [PMID: 27928692 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-016-9935-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hallmarks of the pathophysiology of glaucoma are oxidative stress and apoptotic death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Lipotoxicity, involving a series of pathological cellular responses after exposure to elevated levels of fatty acids, leads to oxidative stress and cell death in various cell types. The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B/Forkhead box O1 (PI3K/Akt/FoxO1) pathway is crucial for cell survival and apoptosis. More importantly, FoxO1 gene has been reported to confer relatively higher risks for eye diseases including glaucoma. However, little information is available regarding the interaction between FoxO1 and RGC apoptosis, much less a precise mechanism. In the present study, immortalized rat retinal ganglion cell line 5 (RGC-5) was used as a model to study the toxicity of palmitic acid (PA), as well as underlying mechanisms. We found that PA exposure significantly decreased cell viability by enhancing apoptosis in RGC-5 cells, as measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry. PA also induced a remarkable increase in reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde. Moreover, PA significantly decreased the level of phospho-Akt and phospho-FoxO1 in cells. Finally, shRNA knockdown and plasmid overexpression studies displayed that downregulation of Akt protein or upregulation of FoxO1 protein augmented cell death, while knockdown of FoxO1 or overexpression of Akt1 abolished PA-induced cell death. Collectively, our results indicated that PA-induced cell death is mediated through modulation of Akt/FoxO1 pathway activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panshi Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center and Shenzhen Key Lab for Psychological Healthcare, Shenzhen, 518020, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwen Zeng
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center and Shenzhen Key Lab for Psychological Healthcare, Shenzhen, 518020, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiang Wen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China.
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Bortolotto LFB, Barbosa FR, Silva G, Bitencourt TA, Beleboni RO, Baek SJ, Marins M, Fachin AL. Cytotoxicity of trans-chalcone and licochalcone A against breast cancer cells is due to apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 85:425-433. [PMID: 27903423 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chalcones are precursors of flavonoids that exhibit structural heterogeneity and potential antitumor activity. The objective of this study was to characterize the cytotoxicity of trans-chalcone and licochalcone A (LicoA1) against a breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and normal murine fibroblasts (3T3). Also the mechanisms of the anti-cancer activity of these two compounds were studied. The alkaline comet assay revealed dose-dependent genotoxicity, which was more responsive against the tumor cell line, compared to the 3T3 mouse fibroblast cell line. Flow cytometry showed that the two chalcones caused the cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase and induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Using PCR Array, we found that trans-chalcone and LicoA trigger apoptosis mediated by the intrinsic pathway as demonstrated by the inhibition of Bcl-2 and induction of Bax. In western blot assay, the two chalcones reduced the expression of cell death-related proteins such as Bcl-2 and cyclin D1 and promoted the cleavage of PARP. However, only trans-chalcone induced the expression of the CIDEA gene and protein in these two experiments. Furthermore, transient transfections of MCF-7 using a construction of a promoter-luciferase vector showed that trans-chalcone induced the expression of the CIDEA promoter activity in 24 and 48h. In conclusion, the results showed that trans-chalcone promoted high induction of the CIDEA promoter gene and protein, which is related to DNA fragmentation during apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gabriel Silva
- Biotechnology Unit, Ribeirão Preto University, SP, Brazil; Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Seung Joon Baek
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Mozart Marins
- Biotechnology Unit, Ribeirão Preto University, SP, Brazil
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10
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Shao S, Nie M, Chen C, Chen X, Zhang M, Yuan G, Yu X, Yang Y. Protective Action of Liraglutide in Beta Cells Under Lipotoxic Stress Via PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 Pathway. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:1166-75. [PMID: 24415347 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Shao
- Division of Endocrinology; Tongji Hospital; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Wuhan 430030 P.R. China
| | - Mingbo Nie
- Division of Orthopedics; Tongji Hospital; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Wuhan 430030 P.R. China
| | - Cai Chen
- Division of Endocrinology; Tongji Hospital; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Wuhan 430030 P.R. China
- The Center for Biomedical Research; Tongji Hospital; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Wuhan 430030 P.R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Division of Endocrinology; Tongji Hospital; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Wuhan 430030 P.R. China
| | - Muxun Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology; Tongji Hospital; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Wuhan 430030 P.R. China
| | - Gang Yuan
- Division of Endocrinology; Tongji Hospital; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Wuhan 430030 P.R. China
| | - Xuefeng Yu
- Division of Endocrinology; Tongji Hospital; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Wuhan 430030 P.R. China
| | - Yan Yang
- Division of Endocrinology; Tongji Hospital; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Wuhan 430030 P.R. China
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11
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Silva JC, Ferreira-Strixino J, Fontana LC, Paula LM, Raniero L, Martin AA, Canevari RA. Apoptosis-associated genes related to photodynamic therapy in breast carcinomas. Lasers Med Sci 2014; 29:1429-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-014-1547-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Thermodynamic analysis and AFM study of the interaction of palmitic acid with DPPE in Langmuir monolayers. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Oliveira JM, Rebuffat SA, Gasa R, Burks DJ, Garcia A, Kalko SG, Zafra D, Guinovart JJ, Gomis R. Tungstate promotes β-cell survival in Irs2-/- mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 306:E36-47. [PMID: 24253047 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00409.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cells play a central role in type 2 diabetes (T2D) development, which is characterized by the progressive decline of the functional β-cell mass that is associated mainly with increased β-cell apoptosis. Thus, understanding how to enhance survival of β-cells is key for the management of T2D. The insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2) protein is pivotal in mediating the insulin/IGF signaling pathway in β-cells. In fact, IRS-2 is critically required for β-cell compensation in conditions of increased insulin demand and for β-cell survival. Tungstate is a powerful antidiabetic agent that has been shown to promote β-cell recovery in toxin-induced diabetic rodent models. In this study, we investigated whether tungstate could prevent the onset of diabetes in a scenario of dysregulated insulin/IGF signaling and massive β-cell death. To this end, we treated mice deficient in IRS2 (Irs2(-/-)), which exhibit severe β-cell loss, with tungstate for 3 wk. Tungstate normalized glucose tolerance in Irs2(-/-) mice in correlation with increased β-cell mass, increased β-cell replication, and a striking threefold reduction in β-cell apoptosis. Islets from treated Irs2(-/-) exhibited increased phosphorylated Erk1/2. Interestingly, tungstate repressed apoptosis-related genes in Irs2(-/-) islets in vitro, and ERK1/2 blockade abolished some of these effects. Gene expression profiling showed evidence of a broad impact of tungstate on cell death pathways in islets from Irs2(-/-) mice, consistent with reduced apoptotic rates. Our results support the finding that β-cell death can be arrested in the absence of IRS2 and that therapies aimed at reversing β-cell mass decline are potential strategies to prevent the progression to T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Moitinho Oliveira
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigations Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW With the realization that lipid droplets are not merely inert fat storage organelles, but highly dynamic and actively involved in cellular lipid homeostasis, there has been an increased interest in lipid droplet biology. Recent studies have begun to unravel the roles that lipid dropletss play in cellular physiology and provide insights into the mechanisms by which lipid droplets contribute to cellular homeostasis. This review provides a summary of these recent publications on lipid droplet metabolism. RECENT FINDINGS Perilipins have different preferences for associating with triacylglycerol (TAG) or cholesteryl esters, different tissue distributions, and each contributes to lipid metabolism in its unique way. Cell death-inducing DFF45-like effector proteins are not only involved in lipid droplet expansion, but also in the cellular response to stress and lipid secretion. Lipid droplets undergo an active cycle of lipolysis and re-esterification to form microlipid droplets. TAG synthesis for lipid droplet formation and expansion occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum and on lipid droplets, and TAG transfers between lipid droplets during lipid droplet fusion. Lipid droplets interact with the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria to facilitate lipid transfer, lipid droplet expansion, and metabolism. SUMMARY Lipid droplets are dynamically active, responding to changes in cellular physiology, as well as interacting with cytosolic proteins and other organelles to control lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor K Khor
- aVeterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto bDivision of Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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15
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Natalicchio A, Labarbuta R, Tortosa F, Biondi G, Marrano N, Peschechera A, Carchia E, Orlando MR, Leonardini A, Cignarelli A, Marchetti P, Perrini S, Laviola L, Giorgino F. Exendin-4 protects pancreatic beta cells from palmitate-induced apoptosis by interfering with GPR40 and the MKK4/7 stress kinase signalling pathway. Diabetologia 2013; 56:2456-66. [PMID: 23995397 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-3028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The mechanisms of the protective effects of exendin-4 on NEFA-induced beta cell apoptosis were investigated. METHODS The effects of exendin-4 and palmitate were evaluated in human and murine islets, rat insulin-secreting INS-1E cells and murine glucagon-secreting alpha-TC1-6 cells. mRNA and protein expression/phosphorylation were measured by real-time RT-PCR and immunoblotting or immunofluorescence, respectively. Small interfering (si)RNAs for Ib1 and Gpr40 were used. Cell apoptosis was quantified by two independent assays. Insulin release was assessed with an insulin ELISA. RESULTS Exposure of human and murine primary islets and INS-1E cells, but not alpha-TC1-6 cells, to exendin-4 inhibited phosphorylation of the stress kinases, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and prevented apoptosis in response to palmitate. Exendin-4 increased the protein content of islet-brain 1 (IB1), an endogenous JNK blocker; however, siRNA-mediated reduction of IB1 did not impair the ability of exendin-4 to inhibit JNK and prevent apoptosis. Exendin-4 reduced G-protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) expression and inhibited palmitate-induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated kinase kinase (MKK)4 and MKK7. The effects of exendin-4 were abrogated in the presence of the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitors, H89 and KT5720. Knockdown of GPR40, as well as use of a specific GPR40 antagonist, resulted in diminished palmitate-induced JNK and p38 MAPK phosphorylation and apoptosis. Furthermore, inhibition of JNK and p38 MAPK activity prevented palmitate-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Exendin-4 counteracts the proapoptotic effects of palmitate in beta cells by reducing GPR40 expression and inhibiting MKK7- and MKK4-dependent phosphorylation of the stress kinases, JNK and p38 MAPK, in a PKA-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Natalicchio
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
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16
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Fardini Y, Masson E, Boudah O, Ben Jouira R, Cosson C, Pierre-Eugene C, Kuo MS, Issad T. O-GlcNAcylation of FoxO1 in pancreatic β cells promotes Akt inhibition through an IGFBP1-mediated autocrine mechanism. FASEB J 2013; 28:1010-21. [PMID: 24174424 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-238378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation on serine/threonine is a post-translational modification that controls the activity of nucleocytoplasmic proteins according to glucose availability. We previously showed that O-GlcNAcylation of FoxO1 in liver cells increases its transcriptional activity. In the present study, we evaluated the potential involvement of FoxO1 O-GlcNAcylation in the context of pancreatic β-cell glucotoxicity. FoxO1 was O-GlcNAcylated in INS-1 832/13 β cells and isolated rat pancreatic islets. O-GlcNAcylation of FoxO1 resulted in a 2-fold increase in its transcriptional activity toward a FoxO1 reporter gene and a 3-fold increase in the expression of the insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 (Igfbp1) gene at the mRNA level, resulting in IGFBP1 protein oversecretion by the cells. Of note, increased IGFBP1 in the culture medium inhibited the activity of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R)/phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway. We reveal in this report a novel mechanism by which O-GlcNAcylation inhibits Akt activity through an autocrine mechanism. However, although inhibition of IGFBP1 expression using siRNA restored the PI3 kinase/Akt pathway, it did not rescue INS-1 832/13 cells from high-glucose- or O-glcNAcylation-induced cell death. In contrast, FoxO1 down-regulation by siRNA led to 30 to 60% protection of INS-1 832/13 cells from death mediated by glucotoxic conditions. Therefore, whereas FoxO1 O-GlcNAcylation inhibits Akt through an IGFBP1-mediated autocrine pathway, the deleterious effects of FoxO1 O-GlcNAcylation on cell survival appeared to be independent of this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Fardini
- 1Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Institut Cochin, 22 rue Méchain, 75014, Paris, France.
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17
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Ito M, Nagasawa M, Omae N, Tsunoda M, Ishiyama J, Ide T, Akasaka Y, Murakami K. A novel JNK2/SREBP-1c pathway involved in insulin-induced fatty acid synthesis in human adipocytes. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:1531-1540. [PMID: 23515281 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m031591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin plays important roles in apoptosis and lipid droplet (LD) formation, and it is one of the determinants involved in increasing fat mass. However, the mechanisms underlying insulin-induced enlargement of fat mass remain unclear. Our previous study suggested that insulin-induced increases in LDs are related to c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)2-mediated upregulation of cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor-α-like effector (CIDE)C in human adipocytes. However, other genes involved in insulin/JNK2-induced LD formation are unknown. Here, we explored insulin/JNK2-regulated genes to clarify the mechanism of enlargement of LDs. Microarray analysis revealed that an insulin/JNK2 pathway mostly regulates expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism, including sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-1, a key transcription factor of lipogenesis. The JNK inhibitor SP600125 blocked insulin-induced upregulation of SREBP-1c expression. Small interfering RNA-mediated depletion of JNK2 suppressed insulin-induced nuclear accumulation of the active form of SREBP-1 protein and upregulation of SREBP-1c. Furthermore, depletion of JNK2 attenuated insulin-induced upregulation of SREBP-1c target lipogenic enzymes, leading to reduced de novo fatty acid synthesis. In addition, JNK2 coimmunoprecipitated with SREBP-1, reinforcing the correlation between JNK2 and SREBP-1. These results suggest that SREBP-1c is a novel insulin/JNK2-regulated gene and that the JNK2/SREBP-1c pathway mediates insulin-induced fatty acid synthesis, which may lead to enlargement of LDs in human adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Ito
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Tochigi 329-0114, Japan
| | - Michiaki Nagasawa
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Tochigi 329-0114, Japan.
| | - Naoki Omae
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Tochigi 329-0114, Japan
| | - Masaki Tsunoda
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Tochigi 329-0114, Japan
| | - Junichi Ishiyama
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Tochigi 329-0114, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ide
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Tochigi 329-0114, Japan
| | - Yunike Akasaka
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Tochigi 329-0114, Japan
| | - Koji Murakami
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Tochigi 329-0114, Japan
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18
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Cao M, Tong Y, Lv Q, Chen X, Long Y, Jiang L, Wan J, Zhang Y, Zhang F, Tong N. PPARδ Activation Rescues Pancreatic β-Cell Line INS-1E from Palmitate-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress through Enhanced Fatty Acid Oxidation. PPAR Res 2012; 2012:680684. [PMID: 22792088 PMCID: PMC3388384 DOI: 10.1155/2012/680684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the key factors responsible for the development of type 2 diabetes is the loss of functional pancreatic β cells. This occurs due to a chronic exposure to a high fatty acid environment. ER stress is caused by an accumulation of irreversible misfold or unfold protein: these trigger the death of functional pancreatic β cells. PPARδ is an orphan nuclear receptor. It plays a pivotal role in regulating the metabolism of dietary lipids and fats. However, the correlation between PPARδ of fatty acids and ER stress of pancreatic β cells is not quite clear till date. Here, we show that PPARδ attenuates palmitate-induced ER stress of pancreatic β cells. On the other hand, PPARδ agonist inhibits both abnormal changes in ER structure and activation of signaling cascade, which is downstream ER stress. Further, we illustrate that PPARδ attenuates palmitate-induced ER stress by promoting fatty acid oxidation through treatment with etomoxir, an inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation. It dramatically abolishes PPARδ-mediated inhibition of ER stress. Finally, we show that PPARδ could protect pancreatic β cells from palmitate-induced cell death and dysfunction of insulin secretion. Our work elucidates the protective effect of PPARδ on the fatty-acid-induced toxicity of pancreatic β cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Cao
- Division of Endocrinology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuzhen Tong
- School of Clinical Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qingguo Lv
- Division of Endocrinology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Research Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yang Long
- Research Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Division of Endocrinology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jun Wan
- Division of Endocrinology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Nanwei Tong
- Division of Endocrinology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu 610041, China
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19
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Xiang JN, Chen DL, Yang LY. Effect of PANDER in βTC6-cell lipoapoptosis and the protective role of exendin-4. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 421:701-6. [PMID: 22542939 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to high concentrations of saturated fatty acids, such as palmitic acid (PA), leads to apoptosis of pancreatic β-cells through the activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway. This study of β-cell lipoapoptosis was designed to investigate the roles of pancreatic-derived factor (PANDER), a pro-apoptosis cytokine-like peptide, and exendin-4, a long-acting agonist of the hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor and anti-apoptosis factor. The glucose-sensitive mouse β-pancreatic cell line, βTC6, was used to investigate the mechanisms of PA-induced apoptosis. Twenty-four hours of PA exposure led to increased PANDER expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and significantly increased phosphorylation of JNK. Treatment with the JNK-specific inhibitor SP600125 reduced the PA-induced PANDER expression. After the 24h of PA exposure, cells also underwent marked apoptosis and showed increased activation of the apoptosis protease, caspase-3. The small interfering (si)RNA-mediated silencing of PANDER gene expression significantly reduced both of these effects. When PA-treated βTC6 cells were exposed to exogenous exendin-4, JNK activation was inhibited, PANDER expression was decreased, and the numbers of apoptotic cells were reduced. Collectively, these results demonstrated that the JNK-mediated signaling mechanism of PA-induced β-cell apoptosis involves up-regulated expression of PANDER and activation of caspase-3. Exendin-4 may protect against lipoapoptosis by interfering with the JNK-PANDER pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Nan Xiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China
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