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Ismael LQ, Keong YY, Bahari H, Lan CA, Yin KB. Bombesin-like receptor 3 expression induced by bisphenol A is likely associated with reduced cell proliferation by inhibiting DNA synthesis and inducing inflammation in liver cells. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:271. [PMID: 38302795 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09080-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA) is an exogenous endocrine disruptor mimicking hormones closely associated with health complications, such as cancer progression. BPA is also related to an increase in the prevalence of obesity-related diseases due to its obesogenic action. Bombesin-like receptor 3 (BRS3) is an important factor that should be considered in the adipogenic gene network, as depletion of this gene alters adiposity. METHODS Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of BRS3 in human liver THLE-2 cells post-BPA treatment by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The effects of BPA on the levels of pro-inflammatory proteins, interleukin 6 (IL6) and CC motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), in conditioned media of BPA-treated THLE-2 cells and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis in replicating BPA-treated THLE-2 cells during the cell cycle were also examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and flow cytometry, respectively. RESULTS The study found that the mRNA expression of BRS3 was increased in THLE-2 cells treated with BPA. The study also showed that the expression levels of IL6 and CCL2 reached an optimum level in the conditioned media of BPA-treated THLE-2 cells after 48 h of treatment. Subsequently, the DNA synthesis analysis showed that bromodeoxyuridine/propidium iodide (BrdU/PI) stained positive cells were decreased in BPA-treated THLE-2 cells at 72 h of treatment. CONCLUSION The study demonstrates that BRS3 expression induced by BPA is likely associated with reduced cell proliferation by inhibiting DNA synthesis and inducing cellular inflammation in liver cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Qasim Ismael
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800, USM, Penang, Malaysia
- Department of Medical Biochemical Analysis, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, 44001, Iraq
| | - Yong Yoke Keong
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hasnah Bahari
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chew Ai Lan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800, USM, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Khoo Boon Yin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800, USM, Penang, Malaysia.
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Wang Z, Wu L, Wang H, Zhang Y, Xiao H. Agonist-induced extracellular vesicles contribute to the transfer of functional bombesin receptor-subtype 3 to recipient cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:72. [PMID: 35032194 PMCID: PMC11072852 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04114-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important carriers for biomolecules in the microenvironment that greatly promote intercellular and extracellular communications. However, it is unclear whether bombesin receptor-subtype 3 (BRS-3), an orphan G-protein coupled receptor, can be packed into EVs and functionally transferred to recipient cells. In this study, we applied the synthetic agonist and antagonist to activate and inhibit the BRS-3 in HEK293-BRS-3 cells, whose EVs release was BRS-3 activation dependent. The presence of BRS-3 in harvested EVs was further confirmed by an enhanced green fluorescent protein tag. After recipient cells were co-cultured with these EVs, the presence of BRS-3 in the recipient cells was discovered, whose function was experimentally validated. Quantitative proteomics approach was utilized to decipher the proteome of the EVs derived from HEK293-BRS-3 cells after different stimulations. More than 900 proteins were identified, including 51 systematically dysregulated EVs proteins. The Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) revealed that RhoA signaling pathway was as an essential player for the secretion of EVs. Selective inhibition of RhoA signaling pathway after BRS-3 activation dramatically reversed the increased secretion of EVs. Our data, collectively, demonstrated that EVs contributed to the transfer of functional BRS-3 to the recipient cells, whose secretion was partially regulated by RhoA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lehao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Huiyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Hua Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Islam S, Reddy UK, Natarajan P, Abburi VL, Bajwa AA, Imran M, Zahoor MY, Abdullah M, Bukhari AM, Iqbal S, Ashraf K, Nadeem A, Rehman H, Rashid I, Shehzad W. Population demographic history and population structure for Pakistani Nili-Ravi breeding bulls based on SNP genotyping to identify genomic regions associated with male effects for milk yield and body weight. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242500. [PMID: 33232358 PMCID: PMC7685427 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The domestic Nili-Ravi water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is the best dairy animal contributing 68% to total milk production in Pakistan. In this study, we identified genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to estimate various population genetic parameters such as diversity, pairwise population differentiation, linkage disequilibrium (LD) distribution and for genome-wide association study for milk yield and body weight traits in the Nili-Ravi dairy bulls that they may pass on to their daughters who are retained for milking purposes. The genotyping by sequencing approach revealed 13,039 reference genome-anchored SNPs with minor allele frequency of 0.05 among 167 buffalos. Population structure analysis revealed that the bulls were grouped into two clusters (K = 2), which indicates the presence of two different lineages in the Pakistani Nili-Ravi water buffalo population, and we showed the extent of admixture of these two lineages in our bull collection. LD analysis revealed 4169 significant SNP associations, with an average LD decay of 90 kb for these buffalo genome. Genome-wide association study involved a multi-locus mixed linear model for milk yield and body weight to identify genome-wide male effects. Our study further illustrates the utility of the genotyping by sequencing approach for identifying genomic regions to uncover additional demographic complexity and to improve the complex dairy traits of the Pakistani Nili-Ravi water buffalo population that would provide the lot of economic benefits to dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saher Islam
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Umesh K. Reddy
- Department of Biology, West Virginia State University, Institute, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Purushothaman Natarajan
- Department of Biology, West Virginia State University, Institute, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Venkata Lakshmi Abburi
- Department of Biology, West Virginia State University, Institute, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Amna Arshad Bajwa
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yasir Zahoor
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abdullah
- Department of Livestock Production, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pattoki, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Mehmood Bukhari
- Semen Production Unit, Qadirabad, District Sahiwal, Pakistan
- Livestock and Dairy Development Department, Government of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Iqbal
- Semen Production Unit, Qadirabad, District Sahiwal, Pakistan
- Livestock and Dairy Development Department, Government of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Kamran Ashraf
- Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asif Nadeem
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Habibur Rehman
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Imran Rashid
- Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Wasim Shehzad
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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Jin K, Wilson KA, Beck JN, Nelson CS, Brownridge GW, Harrison BR, Djukovic D, Raftery D, Brem RB, Yu S, Drton M, Shojaie A, Kapahi P, Promislow D. Genetic and metabolomic architecture of variation in diet restriction-mediated lifespan extension in Drosophila. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008835. [PMID: 32644988 PMCID: PMC7347105 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In most organisms, dietary restriction (DR) increases lifespan. However, several studies have found that genotypes within the same species vary widely in how they respond to DR. To explore the mechanisms underlying this variation, we exposed 178 inbred Drosophila melanogaster lines to a DR or ad libitum (AL) diet, and measured a panel of 105 metabolites under both diets. Twenty four out of 105 metabolites were associated with the magnitude of the lifespan response. These included proteinogenic amino acids and metabolites involved in α-ketoglutarate (α-KG)/glutamine metabolism. We confirm the role of α-KG/glutamine synthesis pathways in the DR response through genetic manipulations. We used covariance network analysis to investigate diet-dependent interactions between metabolites, identifying the essential amino acids threonine and arginine as “hub” metabolites in the DR response. Finally, we employ a novel metabolic and genetic bipartite network analysis to reveal multiple genes that influence DR lifespan response, some of which have not previously been implicated in DR regulation. One of these is CCHa2R, a gene that encodes a neuropeptide receptor that influences satiety response and insulin signaling. Across the lines, variation in an intronic single nucleotide variant of CCHa2R correlated with variation in levels of five metabolites, all of which in turn were correlated with DR lifespan response. Inhibition of adult CCHa2R expression extended DR lifespan of flies, confirming the role of CCHa2R in lifespan response. These results provide support for the power of combined genomic and metabolomic analysis to identify key pathways underlying variation in this complex quantitative trait. Dietary restriction extends lifespan across most organisms in which it has been tested. However, several studies have now demonstrated that this effect can vary dramatically across different genotypes within a population. Within a population, dietary restriction might be beneficial for some, yet detrimental for others. Here, we measure the metabolome of 178 genetically characterized fly strains on fully fed and restricted diets. The fly strains vary widely in their lifespan response to dietary restriction. We then use information about each strain’s genome and metabolome (a measure of small molecules circulating in flies) to pinpoint cellular pathways that govern this variation in response. We identify a novel pathway involving the gene CCHa2R, which encodes a neuropeptide receptor that has not previously been implicated in dietary restriction or age-related signaling pathways. This study demonstrates the power of leveraging systems biology and network biology methods to understand how and why different individuals vary in their response to health and lifespan-extending interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Jin
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kenneth A. Wilson
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States of America
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, University Park, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jennifer N. Beck
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States of America
| | | | - George W. Brownridge
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States of America
- Dominican University of California, San Rafael, California, United States of America
| | - Benjamin R. Harrison
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Danijel Djukovic
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Rachel B. Brem
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States of America
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, University Park, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Shiqing Yu
- Department of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Mathias Drton
- Department of Mathematics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ali Shojaie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Pankaj Kapahi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States of America
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, University Park, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel Promislow
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Bombesin Receptor Subtype-3 in Human Diseases. Arch Med Res 2020; 50:463-467. [PMID: 31911345 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the recent findings of the roles of bombesin receptor subtype-3 (BRS-3) in various patho-physiological conditions. Studies have demonstrated that two mammalians bombesin-like peptides, GRP and NMB, exhibit a large range of functions by binding to three receptors. Knockout studies showed that the mice BRS-3 has important effects on tumor growth, energy homeostasis, glucose regulation, satiety, and lung development (1,7). BRS-3 is an orphan receptor whose natural ligand is unknown. However, several agonists and antagonists have been synthesized which facilitate its characterization, (D-Tyr6, β-Ala11, Phe13, Nle14) Bn-(6-14) and MK-5046 are agonists, whereas ML-18 and Bantag-1 are antagonists. With the development of several selective, high-affinity BRS-3 agonists and antagonists, recent studies provided some insights into the biological effects of BRS-3 in several disease states including lung cancer, obesity, diabetes mellitus, asthma, and kidney diseases.
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Moreno-Villegas Z, Martín-Duce A, Aparicio C, Portal-Núñez S, Sanz R, Mantey SA, Jensen RT, Lorenzo O, Egido J, González N. Activation of bombesin receptor Subtype-3 by [D-Tyr 6,β-Ala 11,Phe 13,Nle 14]bombesin 6-14 increased glucose uptake and lipogenesis in human and rat adipocytes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 474:10-19. [PMID: 29402494 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BRS-3 has an important role in glucose homeostasis. Its expression was reduced in skeletal muscle from obese and/or diabetic patients, and BRS-3 KO-mice developed obesity. In this work, focused on rat/human adipose tissue, BRS-3 gene-expression was lower than normal-levels in hyperlipidemic, type-2-diabetic (T2D), and type-1-diabetic rats and also in obese (OB) and T2D patients. Moreover, BRS-3 protein levels were decreased in diabetic rat and in obese and diabetic human fat pieces; but neither mutation nor even polymorphism in the BRS-3-gene was found in OB or T2D patients. Interestingly, in rat and human adipocytes, without metabolic alterations, [D-Tyr6,β-Ala11,Phe13,Nle14]bombesin6-14 -BRS-3-agonist-, as insulin, enhanced BRS-3 gene/protein expression, increased, PKB, p70s6K, MAPKs and p90RSK1 phosphorylation-levels, and induced a concentration-related stimulation of glucose transport, GLUT-4 membrane translocation and lipogenesis, exclusively mediated by BRS-3, and abolished by wortmannin, PD98059 or rapamacyn. These results confirm that BRS-3 and/or its agonist are a potential therapeutic tool for obesity/diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaida Moreno-Villegas
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Martín-Duce
- Department of Nursery, Unit of Surgery, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - César Aparicio
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Portal-Núñez
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, IIS-FJD, Madrid, Spain; Applied Molecular Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, Universidad San Pablo CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Samuel A Mantey
- National Institutes of Health, Cell Biology Section, NIDDK, Digestive Disease Branch, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert T Jensen
- National Institutes of Health, Cell Biology Section, NIDDK, Digestive Disease Branch, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Oscar Lorenzo
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Network in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Egido
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Network in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nieves González
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Network in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.
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Greydanus DE, Agana M, Kamboj MK, Shebrain S, Soares N, Eke R, Patel DR. Pediatric obesity: Current concepts. Dis Mon 2018; 64:98-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Ramos-Álvarez I, Moreno P, Mantey SA, Nakamura T, Nuche-Berenguer B, Moody TW, Coy DH, Jensen RT. Insights into bombesin receptors and ligands: Highlighting recent advances. Peptides 2015; 72:128-44. [PMID: 25976083 PMCID: PMC4641779 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This following article is written for Prof. Abba Kastin's Festschrift, to add to the tribute to his important role in the advancement of the role of peptides in physiological, as well as pathophysiological processes. There have been many advances during the 35 years of his prominent role in the Peptide field, not only as editor of the journal Peptides, but also as a scientific investigator and editor of two volumes of the Handbook of Biological Active Peptides [146,147]. Similar to the advances with many different peptides, during this 35 year period, there have been much progress made in the understanding of the pharmacology, cell biology and the role of (bombesin) Bn receptors and their ligands in various disease states, since the original isolation of bombesin from skin of the European frog Bombina bombina in 1970 [76]. This paper will briefly review some of these advances over the time period of Prof. Kastin 35 years in the peptide field concentrating on the advances since 2007 when many of the results from earlier studies were summarized [128,129]. It is appropriate to do this because there have been 280 articles published in Peptides during this time on bombesin-related peptides and it accounts for almost 5% of all publications. Furthermore, 22 Bn publications we have been involved in have been published in either Peptides [14,39,55,58,81,92,93,119,152,216,225,226,231,280,302,309,355,361,362] or in Prof. Kastin's Handbook of Biological Active Peptides [137,138,331].
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ramos-Álvarez
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, United States
| | - Paola Moreno
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, United States
| | - Samuel A Mantey
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, United States
| | - Taichi Nakamura
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, United States
| | - Bernardo Nuche-Berenguer
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, United States
| | - Terry W Moody
- Center for Cancer Research, Office of the Director, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, United States
| | - David H Coy
- Peptide Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112-2699, United States
| | - Robert T Jensen
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, United States.
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González N, Moreno P, Jensen RT. Bombesin receptor subtype 3 as a potential target for obesity and diabetes. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 19:1153-70. [PMID: 26066663 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1056154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus and obesity are important health issues; increasing in prevalence, both in the USA and globally. There are only limited pharmacological treatments, and although bariatric surgery is effective, new effective pharmacologic treatments would be of great value. This review covers one area of increasing interest that could yield new novel treatments of obesity/diabetes mellitus. It involves recognition of the central role the G-protein-coupled receptor, bombesin receptor subtype 3 (BRS-3) plays in energy/glucose metabolism. AREAS COVERED Since the initial observation that BRS-3 knockout mice develop obesity, hypertension, impaired glucose metabolism and hyperphagia, there have been numerous studies of the mechanisms involved and the development of selective BRS-3 agonists/antagonists, which have marked effects on body weight, feeding and glucose/insulin homeostasis. In this review, each of these areas is briefly reviewed. EXPERT OPINION BRS-3 plays an important role in glucose/energy homeostasis. The development of potent, selective BRS-3 agonists demonstrates promise as a novel approach to treat obesity/diabetic states. One important question that needs to be addressed is whether BRS-3 agonists need to be centrally acting. This is particularly important in light of recent animal and human studies that report transient cardiovascular side effects with centrally acting oral BRS agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves González
- The Autonomous University of Madrid, IIS-Jiménez Díaz Foundation, Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Spanish Biomedical Research Network in Diabetes and, Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) , Madrid , Spain
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González N, Martín-Duce A, Martínez-Arrieta F, Moreno-Villegas Z, Portal-Núñez S, Sanz R, Egido J. Effect of bombesin receptor subtype-3 and its synthetic agonist on signaling, glucose transport and metabolism in myocytes from patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Int J Mol Med 2015; 35:925-31. [PMID: 25653074 PMCID: PMC4356436 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bombesin receptor subtype-3 (BRS-3) is an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) member of the bombesin receptor family. Several studies have suggested an association between obesity, alterations in glucose metabolism, diabetes and the BRS-3 receptor. In this study, we focused on patients simultaneously diagnosed with obesity and type 2 diabetes (OB/T2D). The analysis of BRS-3 expression in the skeletal muscle of these patients revealed a marked decrease in the expression of BRS-3 at the mRNA (23.6±1.3-fold downregulation, p<0.0001) and protein level (49±7% decrease, p<0.05) compared to the normal patients (no obesity and diabetes). Moreover, in cultured primary myocytes from patients with OB/T2D, the synthetic BRS-3 agonist, [D-Try6,β-Ala11,Phe13,Nle14]bombesin6–14, significantly increased the phosphorylation levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), p90RSK1, protein kinase B (PKB) and p70s6K. Specifically, the ligand at 10−11 M induced the maximal phosphorylation of MAPKs (p42, 159±15% of the control; p44, 166±11% of the control; p<0.0001) and p90RSK1 (148±2% of the control, p<0.0001). The basal phosphorylation levels of all kinases were reduced (p<0.05) in the patients with OB/T2D compared to the normal patients. Furthermore, the BRS-3 agonist stimulated glucose transport, which was already detected at 10−12 M (133±9% of the control), reached maximal levels at 10−11 M (160±9%, p<0.0001) and was maintained at up to 10−8 M (overall mean, 153±7%; p<0.007). This effect was less promiment than that attained with 10−8 M insulin (202±9%, p=0.009). The effect of the agonist on glycogen synthase a activity achieved the maximum effect at 10−11 M (165±16% of the control; p<0.0001), which did not differ from that observed with higher concentrations of the agonist. These results suggest that muscle cells isolated from patients with OB/T2D have extremely high sensitivity to the synthetic ligand, and the effects are particularly observed on MAPK and p90RSK1 phosphorylation, as well as glucose uptake. Moreover, our data indicate that BRS-3 may prove to be useful as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of patients with OB/T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves González
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Jiménez Díaz Foundation, The Autonomous University of Madrid, Spanish Biomedical Research Network in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Félix Martínez-Arrieta
- Department of General Surgery, Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda University Hospital, The Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Zaida Moreno-Villegas
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Jiménez Díaz Foundation, The Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Portal-Núñez
- Department of Bone and Mineral Metabolism, IIS-Jiménez Díaz Foundation, Cooperative Research Thematic Network on Aging and Frailty (RETICEF), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Sanz
- Department of Neurology, IIS-Jiménez Díaz Foundation, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Egido
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Jiménez Díaz Foundation, The Autonomous University of Madrid, Spanish Biomedical Research Network in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
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Guo M, Qu X, Qin XQ. Bombesin-like peptides and their receptors: recent findings in pharmacology and physiology. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2015; 22:3-8. [PMID: 25517020 DOI: 10.1097/med.0000000000000126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To highlight the research progress of roles of bombesin-like peptides and their receptors in pharmacology and physiology. RECENT FINDINGS Several new bombesin-derived radioactive or nonradioactive compounds were designed for the diagnosis and therapy of tumors that are overexpressing bombesin receptors. Both gastrin-releasing peptide receptor and neuromedin B receptor activation were shown to induce membrane depolarization and excite neurons in brain. Bombesin receptor subtype-3 was found to be downregulated in the muscle cells and myocytes from obese and type 2 diabetes patients, and its relevant cell signaling events in glucose homeostasis were also investigated. The molecular events triggered by bombesin receptors activation in different types of malignancies is being explored recently and new clues were provided for a better understanding of the biological roles of abnormal expression of bombesin receptors in tumors. Novel cross-talk between gastrin-releasing peptide receptor cell signaling and Sonic hedgehog pathways was identified in small-cell lung carcinoma. SUMMARY Increasing evidence shows bombesin-like peptides and their receptors play important roles in both physiological state and diseases. More specific and safe tumor targeting Bombesin derivatives are being developed for tumor diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Guo
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
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Ramos-Álvarez I, Moreno-Villegas Z, Martín-Duce A, Sanz R, Aparicio C, Portal-Núñez S, Mantey SA, Jensen RT, González N. Human BRS-3 receptor: functions/role in cell signaling pathways and glucose metabolism in obese or diabetic myocytes. Peptides 2014; 51:91-9. [PMID: 24220502 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Several studies showed that the orphan Bombesin Receptor Subtype-3 (BRS-3) - member of the bombesin receptor family - has an important role in glucose homeostasis (v.g.: BRS-3-KO mice developed mild obesity, and decreased levels of BRS-3 mRNA/protein have been described in muscle from obese (OB) and type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients). In this work, to gain insight into BRS-3 receptor cell signaling pathways, and its implication on glucose metabolism, primary cultured myocytes from normal subjects, OB or T2D patients were tested using high affinity ligand - [d-Tyr(6),β-Ala(11),Phe(13),Nle(14)]bombesin6-14. In muscle cells from all metabolic conditions, the compound significantly increased not only MAPKs, p90RSK1, PKB and p70s6K phosphorylation levels, but also PI3K activity; moreover, it produced a dose-response stimulation of glycogen synthase a activity and glycogen synthesis. Myocytes from OB and T2D patients were more sensitive to the ligand than normal, and T2D cells even more than obese myocytes. These results widen the knowledge of human BRS-3 cell signaling pathways induced by a BRS-3 agonist, described its insulin-mimetic effects on glucose metabolism, showed the role of BRS-3 receptor in glucose homeostasis, and also propose the employing of BRS-3/ligand system, as participant in the obese and diabetic therapies.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Bombesin/pharmacology
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Female
- Glucose/metabolism
- Glycogen/biosynthesis
- Glycogen Synthase/metabolism
- Homeostasis
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/pathology
- Peptide Fragments/pharmacology
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Receptors, Bombesin/agonists
- Receptors, Bombesin/physiology
- Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa/metabolism
- Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ramos-Álvarez
- Department of Metabolism, Nutrition and Hormones, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Z Moreno-Villegas
- Department of Metabolism, Nutrition and Hormones, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Martín-Duce
- Department of Nursery, Unit of Surgery, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Sanz
- Department of Neurology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Aparicio
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Portal-Núñez
- Department of Bone Mineral Metabolism, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - S A Mantey
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - R T Jensen
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - N González
- Department of Metabolism, Nutrition and Hormones, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain.
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