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Castiglioni L, Gelosa P, Muluhie M, Mercuriali B, Rzemieniec J, Gotti M, Fiordaliso F, Busca G, Sironi L. Fenofibrate reduces cardiac remodeling by mitochondrial dynamics preservation in a renovascular model of cardiac hypertrophy. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 978:176767. [PMID: 38909934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Fenofibrate, a PPAR-α agonist clinically used to lower serum lipid levels, reduces cardiac remodeling and improves cardiac function. However, its mechanism of action is not completely elucidated. In this study we examined the effect of fenofibrate on mitochondria in a rat model of renovascular hypertension, focusing on mediators controlling mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy. Rats with two-kidney one-clip (2K1C) hypertension were treated with fenofibrate 150 mg/kg/day (2K1C-FFB) or vehicle (2K1C-VEH) for 8 weeks. Systolic blood pressure and cardiac functional were in-vivo assessed, while cardiomyocyte size and protein expression of mediators of cardiac hypertrophy and mitochondrial dynamics were ex-vivo examined by histological and Western blot analyses. Fenofibrate treatment counteracted the development of hypertension and the increase of left ventricular mass, relative wall thickness and cross-sectional area of cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, fenofibrate re-balanced the expression Mfn2, Drp1 and Parkin, regulators of fusion, fission, mitophagy respectively. Regarding autophagy, the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio was increased in 2K1C-VEH and 2K1C-FFB, whereas the autophagy was increased only in 2K1C-FFB. In cultured H9C2 cardiomyoblasts, fenofibrate reversed the Ang II-induced mRNA up-regulation of hypertrophy markers Nppa and Myh7, accumulation of reactive oxygen species and depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane exerting protection mediated by up-regulation of the Uncoupling protein 2. Our results indicate that fenofibrate acts directly on cardiomyocytes and counteracts the pressure overload-induced cardiac maladaptive remodeling. This study reveals a so far hidden mechanism involving mitochondrial dynamics in the beneficial effects of fenofibrate, support its repurposing for the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy and provide new potential targets for its pharmacological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Castiglioni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Gelosa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Majeda Muluhie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Joanna Rzemieniec
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Gotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Fiordaliso
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Busca
- Azienda "Polo Veterinario di Lodi", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Sironi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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2
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Corynoline protects ang II-induced hypertensive heart failure by increasing PPARα and Inhibiting NF-κB pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:113075. [PMID: 35658238 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a fairly common outcome of hypertension. Recent studies have highlighted the key role of the non-hemodynamic activity of angiotensin II (Ang II) in hypertensive heart failure via inducing cardiac inflammation. Drugs that disrupt Ang II-induced cardiac inflammation may have clinical utility in the treatment of hypertensive heart failure. A naturally occurring compound, corynoline, exhibit anti-inflammatory activities in other systems. C57BL/6 mice were injected with Ang II via a micro-osmotic pump for four weeks to develop hypertensive heart failure. The mice were treated with corynoline by gavage for two weeks. RNA-sequencing analysis was performed to explore the potential mechanism of corynoline. We found that corynoline could inhibit inflammation, myocardial fibrosis, and hypertrophy to prevent heart dysfunction, without the alteration of blood pressure. RNA-sequencing analysis indicates that the PPARα pathway is involved Ang II-induced cardiac fibrosis and cardiac remodeling. Corynoline reversed Ang II-induced PPARα inhibition both in vitro and in vivo. We further found that corynoline increases the interaction between PPARα and P65 to inhibit the NF-κB pro-inflammatory pathway in H9c2 cells. Our studies show that corynoline relieves Ang II-induced hypertensive heart failure by increasing the interaction between PPARα and P65 to inhibit the NF-κB pathway.
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Cardiomyocyte peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α is essential for energy metabolism and extracellular matrix homeostasis during pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:1231-1242. [PMID: 34376812 PMCID: PMC9061810 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00743-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), a ligand-activated nuclear receptor critical for systemic lipid homeostasis, has been shown closely related to cardiac remodeling. However, the roles of cardiomyocyte PPARα in pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling remains unclear because of lacking a cardiomyocyte-specific Ppara-deficient (PparaΔCM) mouse model. This study aimed to determine the specific role of cardiomyocyte PPARα in transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-induced cardiac remodeling using an inducible PparaΔCM mouse model. PparaΔCM and Pparafl/fl mice were randomly subjected to sham or TAC for 2 weeks. Cardiomyocyte PPARα deficiency accelerated TAC-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Transcriptome analysis showed that genes related to fatty acid metabolism were dramatically downregulated, but genes critical for glycolysis were markedly upregulated in PparaΔCM hearts. Moreover, the hypertrophy-related genes, including genes involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, cell adhesion, and cell migration, were upregulated in hypertrophic PparaΔCM hearts. Western blot analyses demonstrated an increased HIF1α protein level in hypertrophic PparaΔCM hearts. PET/CT analyses showed an enhanced glucose uptake in hypertrophic PparaΔCM hearts. Bioenergetic analyses further revealed that both basal and maximal oxygen consumption rates and ATP production were significantly increased in hypertrophic Pparafl/fl hearts; however, these increases were markedly blunted in PparaΔCM hearts. In contrast, hypertrophic PparaΔCM hearts exhibited enhanced extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) capacity, as reflected by increased basal ECAR and glycolysis but decreased glycolytic reserve. These results suggest that cardiomyocyte PPARα is crucial for the homeostasis of both energy metabolism and ECM during TAC-induced cardiac remodeling, thus providing new insights into potential therapeutics of cardiac remodeling-related diseases.
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Pieralisi AV, Cevey ÁC, Penas FN, Prado N, Mori A, Gili M, Mirkin GA, Gagliardi J, Goren NB. Fenofibrate Increases the Population of Non-Classical Monocytes in Asymptomatic Chagas Disease Patients and Modulates Inflammatory Cytokines in PBMC. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:785166. [PMID: 35360222 PMCID: PMC8963737 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.785166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Chagas disease cardiomyopathy (CCC) is the most important clinical manifestation of infection with Trypanosma cruzi (T. cruzi) due to its frequency and effects on morbidity and mortality. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) infiltrate the tissue and differentiate into inflammatory macrophages. Advances in pathophysiology show that myeloid cell subpopulations contribute to cardiac homeostasis, emerging as possible therapeutic targets. We previously demonstrated that fenofibrate, PPARα agonist, controls inflammation, prevents fibrosis and improves cardiac function in a murine infection model. In this work we investigated the spontaneous release of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, changes in the frequencies of monocyte subsets, and fenofibrate effects on PBMC of seropositive patients with different clinical stages of Chagas disease. The results show that PBMC from Chagas disease patients display higher levels of IL-12, TGF-β, IL-6, MCP1, and CCR2 than cells from uninfected individuals (HI), irrespectively of the clinical stage, asymptomatic (Asy) or with Chagas heart disease (CHD). Fenofibrate reduces the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators and CCR2 in both Asy and CHD patients. We found that CHD patients display a significantly higher percentage of classical monocytes in comparison with Asy patients and HI. Besides, Asy patients have a significantly higher percentage of non-classical monocytes than CHD patients or HI. However, no difference in the intermediate monocyte subpopulation was found between groups. Moreover, monocytes from Asy or CHD patients exhibit different responses upon stimulation in vitro with T. cruzi lysates and fenofibrate treatment. Stimulation with T. cruzi significantly increases the percentage of classical monocytes in the Asy group whereas the percentage of intermediate monocytes decreases. Besides, there are no changes in their frequencies in CHD or HI. Notably, stimulation with T. cruzi did not modify the frequency of the non-classical monocytes subpopulation in any of the groups studied. Moreover, fenofibrate treatment of T. cruzi-stimulated cells, increased the frequency of the non-classical subpopulation in Asy patients. Interestingly, fenofibrate restores CCR2 levels but does not modify HLA-DR expression in any groups. In conclusion, our results emphasize a potential role for fenofibrate as a modulator of monocyte subpopulations towards an anti-inflammatory and healing profile in different stages of chronic Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azul V. Pieralisi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ágata C. Cevey
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico N. Penas
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nilda Prado
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital del Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires "Dr. Cosme Argerich", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Mori
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital del Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires "Dr. Cosme Argerich", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mónica Gili
- Hospital Municipal de Rehabilitación Respiratoria María Ferrer, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gerardo A. Mirkin
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Gagliardi
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital del Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires "Dr. Cosme Argerich", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nora B. Goren
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Nora B. Goren,
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Methatham T, Tomida S, Kimura N, Imai Y, Aizawa K. Inhibition of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway by a β-catenin/CBP inhibitor prevents heart failure by ameliorating cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14886. [PMID: 34290289 PMCID: PMC8295328 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94169-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In heart failure (HF) caused by hypertension, the myocyte size increases, and the cardiac wall thickens. A low-molecular-weight compound called ICG001 impedes β-catenin-mediated gene transcription, thereby protecting both the heart and kidney. However, the HF-preventive mechanisms of ICG001 remain unclear. Hence, we investigated how ICG001 can prevent cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Four weeks after TAC, ICG001 attenuated cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in the left ventricular wall. The TAC mice treated with ICG001 showed a decrease in the following: mRNA expression of brain natriuretic peptide (Bnp), Klf5, fibronectin, β-MHC, and β-catenin, number of cells expressing the macrophage marker CD68 shown in immunohistochemistry, and macrophage accumulation shown in flow cytometry. Moreover, ICG001 may mediate the substrates in the glycolysis pathway and the distinct alteration of oxidative stress during cardiac hypertrophy and HF. In conclusion, ICG001 is a potential drug that may prevent cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis by regulating KLF5, immune activation, and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and inhibiting the inflammatory response involving macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanachai Methatham
- grid.410804.90000000123090000Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498 Japan
| | - Shota Tomida
- grid.410804.90000000123090000Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498 Japan
| | - Natsuka Kimura
- grid.410804.90000000123090000Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498 Japan
| | - Yasushi Imai
- grid.410804.90000000123090000Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498 Japan
| | - Kenichi Aizawa
- grid.410804.90000000123090000Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498 Japan
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6
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Zhang X, Zhang Z, Wang P, Han Y, Liu L, Li J, Chen Y, Liu D, Wang J, Tian X, Zhao Q, Yan F. Bawei Chenxiang Wan Ameliorates Cardiac Hypertrophy by Activating AMPK/PPAR-α Signaling Pathway Improving Energy Metabolism. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:653901. [PMID: 34149410 PMCID: PMC8209424 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.653901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bawei Chenxiang Wan (BCW), a well-known traditional Chinese Tibetan medicine formula, is effective for the treatment of acute and chronic cardiovascular diseases. In the present study, we investigated the effect of BCW in cardiac hypertrophy and underlying mechanisms. The dose of 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 g/kg BCW treated cardiac hypertrophy in SD rat model induced by isoprenaline (ISO). Our results showed that BCW (0.4 g/kg) could repress cardiac hypertrophy, indicated by macro morphology, heart weight to body weight ratio (HW/BW), left ventricle heart weight to body weight ratio (LVW/BW), hypertrophy markers, heart function, pathological structure, cross-sectional area (CSA) of myocardial cells, and the myocardial enzymes. Furthermore, we declared the mechanism of BCW anti-hypertrophy effect was associated with activating adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) signals, which regulate carnitine palmitoyltransferase1β (CPT-1β) and glucose transport-4 (GLUT-4) to ameliorate glycolipid metabolism. Moreover, BCW also elevated mitochondrial DNA-encoded genes of NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1(ND1), cytochrome b (Cytb), and mitochondrially encoded cytochrome coxidase I (mt-co1) expression, which was associated with mitochondria function and oxidative phosphorylation. Subsequently, knocking down AMPK by siRNA significantly can reverse the anti-hypertrophy effect of BCW indicated by hypertrophy markers and cell surface of cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, BCW prevents ISO-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by activating AMPK/PPAR-α to alleviate the disturbance in energy metabolism. Therefore, BCW can be used as an alternative drug for the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Zhiying Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Pengxiang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yiwei Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yichun Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Duxia Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Jinying Wang
- School of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Tian
- School of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Fengxia Yan
- School of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Harvey AP, Robinson E, Edgar KS, McMullan R, O’Neill KM, Alderdice M, Amirkhah R, Dunne PD, McDermott BJ, Grieve DJ. Downregulation of PPARα during Experimental Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Is Critically Dependent on Nox2 NADPH Oxidase Signalling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4406. [PMID: 32575797 PMCID: PMC7352162 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pressure overload-induced left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is initially adaptive but ultimately promotes systolic dysfunction and chronic heart failure. Whilst underlying pathways are incompletely understood, increased reactive oxygen species generation from Nox2 NADPH oxidases, and metabolic remodelling, largely driven by PPARα downregulation, are separately implicated. Here, we investigated interaction between the two as a key regulator of LVH using in vitro, in vivo and transcriptomic approaches. Phenylephrine-induced H9c2 cardiomyoblast hypertrophy was associated with reduced PPARα expression and increased Nox2 expression and activity. Pressure overload-induced LVH and systolic dysfunction induced in wild-type mice by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) for 7 days, in association with Nox2 upregulation and PPARα downregulation, was enhanced in PPARα-/- mice and prevented in Nox2-/- mice. Detailed transcriptomic analysis revealed significantly altered expression of genes relating to PPARα, oxidative stress and hypertrophy pathways in wild-type hearts, which were unaltered in Nox2-/- hearts, whilst oxidative stress pathways remained dysregulated in PPARα-/- hearts following TAC. Network analysis indicated that Nox2 was essential for PPARα downregulation in this setting and identified preferential inflammatory pathway modulation and candidate cytokines as upstream Nox2-sensitive regulators of PPARα signalling. Together, these data suggest that Nox2 is a critical driver of PPARα downregulation leading to maladaptive LVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P. Harvey
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK; (A.P.H.); (E.R.); (K.S.E.); (R.M.); (K.M.O.); (B.J.M.)
| | - Emma Robinson
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK; (A.P.H.); (E.R.); (K.S.E.); (R.M.); (K.M.O.); (B.J.M.)
| | - Kevin S. Edgar
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK; (A.P.H.); (E.R.); (K.S.E.); (R.M.); (K.M.O.); (B.J.M.)
| | - Ross McMullan
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK; (A.P.H.); (E.R.); (K.S.E.); (R.M.); (K.M.O.); (B.J.M.)
| | - Karla M. O’Neill
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK; (A.P.H.); (E.R.); (K.S.E.); (R.M.); (K.M.O.); (B.J.M.)
| | - Matthew Alderdice
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK; (M.A.); (R.A.); (P.D.D.)
| | - Raheleh Amirkhah
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK; (M.A.); (R.A.); (P.D.D.)
| | - Philip D. Dunne
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK; (M.A.); (R.A.); (P.D.D.)
| | - Barbara J. McDermott
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK; (A.P.H.); (E.R.); (K.S.E.); (R.M.); (K.M.O.); (B.J.M.)
| | - David J. Grieve
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK; (A.P.H.); (E.R.); (K.S.E.); (R.M.); (K.M.O.); (B.J.M.)
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8
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Gao X, Zhang Z, Li X, Wei Q, Li H, Li C, Chen H, Liu C, He K. Ursolic Acid Improves Monocrotaline-Induced Right Ventricular Remodeling by Regulating Metabolism. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2020; 75:545-555. [PMID: 32141989 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive and malignant disease characterized by pulmonary small arteries and right ventricle (RV) remodeling that can lead to severe RV dysfunction and death. The current therapeutic targets for RV dysfunction, which is strongly linked to mortality, are far from adequate. Therefore, we investigated the effect of ursolic acid (UA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acid, on PAH-induced RV remodeling and its underlying mechanism. We established a PAH model by injecting Sprague Dawley rats with monocrotaline (MCT, 60 mg/kg, ip), as verified by echocardiography and hemodynamic examination. Proteomic analysis was performed on RV samples using a Q Exactive high-field mass spectrometer, followed by KEGG enrichment analysis. The effect of 4 weeks of UA (50 mg/kg) treatment on RV remodeling was explored based on ultrasound, hemodynamic parameters, and histological changes, with the mechanism verified in vivo and in vitro by qRT-PCR and western blotting. RV hypertrophy, fibrosis, increased apoptosis, and abnormal metabolism were induced by MCT and suppressed by UA via a mechanism that changed the expression of key markers. UA also attenuated the Phenylephrine-induced hypertrophy of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes and upregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα), a key fatty acid metabolism regulator, and its downstream factor carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1b. In conclusion, UA exerts beneficial effects on PAH-induced RV dysfunction and remodeling by regulating PPARα-dependent fatty acid metabolism.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Energy Metabolism/drug effects
- Fatty Acids/metabolism
- Fibrosis
- Heart Ventricles/drug effects
- Heart Ventricles/enzymology
- Heart Ventricles/pathology
- Heart Ventricles/physiopathology
- Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/chemically induced
- Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/physiopathology
- Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/prevention & control
- Male
- Monocrotaline
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- PPAR alpha/metabolism
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/chemically induced
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/drug therapy
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/metabolism
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/physiopathology
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Triterpenes/pharmacology
- Ventricular Function, Right/drug effects
- Ventricular Remodeling/drug effects
- Ursolic Acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zeyu Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Li
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure Precision Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; and
| | - Qingxia Wei
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure Precision Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; and
| | - Hanlu Li
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure Precision Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; and
| | - Chen Li
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure Precision Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; and
| | - Haixu Chen
- Gastrointestinal Department of Southern Building, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlei Liu
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure Precision Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; and
| | - Kunlun He
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure Precision Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; and
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9
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Ichihara S, Li P, Mise N, Suzuki Y, Izuoka K, Nakajima T, Gonzalez F, Ichihara G. Ablation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor promotes angiotensin II-induced cardiac fibrosis through enhanced c-Jun/HIF-1α signaling. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:1543-1553. [PMID: 31016362 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02446-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a transcription factor that binds to DNA as a heterodimer with the AHR nuclear translocator (ARNT) after interaction with ligands, such as polycyclic and halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons and other xenobiotics. The endogenous ligands and functions of AHR have been the subject of many investigations. In the present study, the potential role of AHR signaling in the development of left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis by angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion was investigated in mice lacking the AHR gene (Ahr-/-). We also assessed the hypothesis that fenofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) activator, reduces cardiac fibrosis through the c-Jun signaling. Male Ahr-/- and age-matched wild-type mice (n = 8 per group) were infused with Ang II at 100 ng/kg/min daily for 2 weeks. Treatment with Ang II increased systolic blood pressure to comparable levels in Ahr-/- and wild-type mice. However, Ahr-/- mice developed severe cardiac fibrosis after Ang II infusion compared with wild-type mice. Ang II infusion also significantly increased the expression of endothelin in the left ventricles of Ahr-/- mice, but not in wild-type mice, and significantly increased the c-Jun signaling in Ahr-/- mice. Ang II infusion also significantly enhanced the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and the downstream target vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the left ventricles of Ahr-/- mice. These results suggested pathogenic roles for the AHR signaling pathway in the development of cardiac fibrosis. Treatment with fenofibrate reduced cardiac fibrosis and abrogated the effects of Ang II on the expression of endothelin, HIF-1α, and VEGF. The inhibitory effect of fenofibrate on cardiac fibrosis was mediated by suppression of VEGF expression through modulation of c-Jun/HIF-1α signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahoko Ichihara
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Japan. .,Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, 329-0498, Japan.
| | - Ping Li
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nathan Mise
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Yuka Suzuki
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Kiyora Izuoka
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Tamie Nakajima
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Lifelong Sports and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Frank Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center of Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gaku Ichihara
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
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10
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Feng X, Sureda A, Jafari S, Memariani Z, Tewari D, Annunziata G, Barrea L, Hassan ST, Šmejkal K, Malaník M, Sychrová A, Barreca D, Ziberna L, Mahomoodally MF, Zengin G, Xu S, Nabavi SM, Shen AZ. Berberine in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases: From Mechanisms to Therapeutics. Theranostics 2019; 9:1923-1951. [PMID: 31037148 PMCID: PMC6485276 DOI: 10.7150/thno.30787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases (CVMD) are the leading causes of death worldwide, underscoring the urgent necessity to develop new pharmacotherapies. Berberine (BBR) is an eminent component of traditional Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine for more than 2000 years. Recently, BBR has attracted much interest for its pharmacological actions in treating and/or managing CVMD. Recent discoveries of basic, translational and clinical studies have identified many novel molecular targets of BBR (such as AMPK, SIRT1, LDLR, PCSK9, and PTP1B) and provided novel evidences supporting the promising therapeutic potential of BBR to combat CVMD. Thus, this review provides a timely overview of the pharmacological properties and therapeutic application of BBR in CVMD, and underlines recent pharmacological advances which validate BBR as a promising lead drug against CVMD.
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11
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Nox1/4 dual inhibitor GKT137831 attenuates hypertensive cardiac remodelling associating with the inhibition of ADAM17-dependent proinflammatory cytokines-induced signalling pathways in the rats with abdominal artery constriction. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 109:1907-1914. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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12
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Zeng SY, Yang L, Lu HQ, Yan QJ, Gao L, Qin XP. Rutaecarpine prevents hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy involving the inhibition of Nox4-ROS-ADAM17 pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:4196-4207. [PMID: 30953402 PMCID: PMC6533562 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rutaecarpine attenuates hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy in the rats with abdominal artery constriction (AAC); however, its mechanism of action remains largely unknown. Our previous study indicated that NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) promotes angiotensin II (Ang II)‐induced cardiac hypertrophy through the pathway between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase‐17 (ADAM17) in primary cardiomyocytes. This research aimed to determine whether the Nox4‐ROS‐ADAM17 pathway is involved in the protective action of rutaecarpine against hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy. AAC‐induced hypertensive rats were adopted to evaluate the role of rutaecarpine in hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy. Western blotting and real‐time PCR were used to detect gene expression. Rutaecarpine inhibited hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy in AAC‐induced hypertensive rats. These findings were confirmed by the results of in vitro experiments that rutaecarpine significantly inhibited Ang II‐induced cardiac hypertrophy in primary cardiomyocytes. Likewise, rutaecarpine significantly suppressed the Nox4‐ROS‐ADAM17 pathway and over‐activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 pathway in the left ventricle of AAC‐induced hypertensive rats and primary cardiomyocytes stimulated with Ang II. The inhibition of Nox4‐ROS‐ADAM17 pathway and over‐activation of ERK1/2 might be associated with the beneficial role of rutaecarpine in hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy, thus providing additional evidence for preventing hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy with rutaecarpine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yu Zeng
- Department of Drug Clinical Trial, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Yang
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hui-Qin Lu
- Department of Drug Clinical Trial, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Jiang Yan
- Department of Cardiac & Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Ping Qin
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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13
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Abstract
The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) can transcriptionally regulate target genes. PPARδ exerts essential regulatory functions in the heart, which requires constant energy supply. PPARδ plays a key role in energy metabolism, controlling not only fatty acid (FA) and glucose oxidation, but also redox homeostasis, mitochondrial biogenesis, inflammation, and cardiomyocyte proliferation. PPARδ signaling is impaired in the heart under various pathological conditions, such as pathological cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion, doxorubicin cardiotoxicity and diabetic cardiomyopathy. PPARδ deficiency in the heart leads to cardiac dysfunction, myocardial lipid accumulation, cardiac hypertrophy/remodeling and heart failure. This article provides an up-today overview of this research area and discusses the role of PPARδ in the heart in light of the complex mechanisms of its transcriptional regulation and its potential as a translatable therapeutic target for the treatment of cardiac disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Yang
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, LSU Healther Science Center, 533 Bolivar St, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Qinqiang Long
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China
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14
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Wang C, Luo H, Xu Y, Tao L, Chang C, Shen X. Salvianolic Acid B-Alleviated Angiotensin II Induces Cardiac Fibrosis by Suppressing NF-κB Pathway In Vitro. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:7654-7664. [PMID: 30365482 PMCID: PMC6215385 DOI: 10.12659/msm.908936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salvianolic acid B (SalB) is the representative component of phenolic acids derived from the roots and rhizomes of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge (Labiatae), which has been used widely in Asian countries for clinical therapy of various cardiovascular dysfunction-related diseases. However, cardiac protection effects and the underlying mechanism for clinical application are still poorly understood. Here, we investigated the potential anti-myocardial fibrosis effect and mechanism of SalB on Angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced cardiac fibrosis in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS The proliferation and migration capacity of cardiac fibroblasts (CFBs) were measured by MTT assay and scratch analysis, respectively. The colorimetric assay determined the hydroxyproline content in medium. Western blotting detected the protein expressions of nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway-associated proteins, fibronectin (FN), collagen type I (Coll I), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). The expression of α-SMA protein was observed by immunofluorescence staining. qRT-PCR detected the mRNA expression of NF-κB. RESULTS SalB attenuated Ang II-induced the proliferation and the migration ability of CFBs. Ang II-induced the extracellular matrix protein Coll I, FN, and α-SMA, the pro-fibrotic cytokine CTGF protein expression was inhibited, and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 subunit was reduced by SalB. Western blotting and qRT-PCR confirmed that SalB blocked the activation of NF-κB induced by Ang II. PDTC (the NF-κB inhibitor) also inhibited proliferation of CFBs and reduced α-SMA and Coll I expression induced by Ang II. CONCLUSIONS SalB can alleviate Ang II-induced cardiac fibrosis via suppressing the NF-κB pathway in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilizaiton of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou province for Natural Medicianl Pharmacology and Druggability, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical Univeristy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Hong Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilizaiton of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou province for Natural Medicianl Pharmacology and Druggability, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical Univeristy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Yini Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilizaiton of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou province for Natural Medicianl Pharmacology and Druggability, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical Univeristy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Ling Tao
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilizaiton of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou province for Natural Medicianl Pharmacology and Druggability, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical Univeristy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Churui Chang
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilizaiton of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou province for Natural Medicianl Pharmacology and Druggability, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical Univeristy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Xiangchun Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilizaiton of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou province for Natural Medicianl Pharmacology and Druggability, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical Univeristy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
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15
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A Reduction in ADAM17 Expression Is Involved in the Protective Effect of the PPAR- α Activator Fenofibrate on Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy. PPAR Res 2018; 2018:7916953. [PMID: 30105051 PMCID: PMC6076894 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7916953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) agonist fenofibrate ameliorates cardiac hypertrophy; however, its mechanism of action has not been completely determined. Our previous study indicated that a disintegrin and metalloproteinase-17 (ADAM17) is required for angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy. This study aimed to determine whether ADAM17 is involved in the protective action of fenofibrate against cardiac hypertrophy. Abdominal artery constriction- (AAC-) induced hypertensive rats were used to observe the effects of fenofibrate on cardiac hypertrophy and ADAM17 expression. Primary cardiomyocytes were pretreated with fenofibrate (10 μM) for 1 hour before being stimulated with angiotensin II (100 nM) for another 24 hours. Fenofibrate reduced the ratios of left ventricular weight to body weight (LVW/BW) and heart weight to body weight (HW/BW), left ventricular anterior wall thickness (LVAW), left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPW), and ADAM17 mRNA and protein levels in left ventricle in AAC-induced hypertensive rats. Similarly, in vitro experiments showed that fenofibrate significantly attenuated angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy and diminished ADAM17 mRNA and protein levels in primary cardiomyocytes stimulated with angiotensin II. In summary, a reduction in ADAM17 expression is associated with the protective action of PPAR-α agonists against pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy.
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16
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Naringenin exhibits the protective effect on cardiac hypertrophy via EETs-PPARs activation in streptozocin-induced diabetic mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 502:55-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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17
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Pollak NM, Hoffman M, Goldberg IJ, Drosatos K. Krüppel-like factors: Crippling and un-crippling metabolic pathways. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2018; 3:132-156. [PMID: 29876529 PMCID: PMC5985828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) are DNA-binding transcriptional factors that regulate various pathways that control metabolism and other cellular mechanisms. Various KLF isoforms have been associated with cellular, organ or systemic metabolism. Altered expression or activation of KLFs has been linked to metabolic abnormalities, such as obesity and diabetes, as well as with heart failure. In this review article we summarize the metabolic functions of KLFs, as well as the networks of different KLF isoforms that jointly regulate metabolism in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina M. Pollak
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Matthew Hoffman
- Metabolic Biology Laboratory, Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ira J. Goldberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Konstantinos Drosatos
- Metabolic Biology Laboratory, Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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18
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Cevey ÁC, Mirkin GA, Donato M, Rada MJ, Penas FN, Gelpi RJ, Goren NB. Treatment with Fenofibrate plus a low dose of Benznidazole attenuates cardiac dysfunction in experimental Chagas disease. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2017; 7:378-387. [PMID: 29040909 PMCID: PMC5727348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi induces serious cardiac alterations during the chronic infection. Intense inflammatory response observed from the beginning of infection, is critical for the control of parasite proliferation and evolution of Chagas disease. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR)-α, are known to modulate inflammation. In this study we investigated whether a PPAR-α agonist, Fenofibrate, improves cardiac function and inflammatory parameters in a murine model of T. cruzi infection. BALB/c mice were sequentially infected with two T. cruzi strains of different genetic background. Benznidazole, commonly used as trypanocidal drug, cleared parasites but did not preclude cardiac pathology, resembling what is found in human chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy. Fenofibrate treatment restored to normal values the ejection and shortening fractions, left ventricular end-diastolic, left ventricular end-systolic diameter, and isovolumic relaxation time. Moreover, it reduced cardiac inflammation and fibrosis, decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory (IL-6, TNF-α and NOS2) and heart remodeling mediators (MMP-9 and CTGF), and reduced serum creatine kinase activity. The fact that Fenofibrate partially inhibited NOS2 expression and NO release in the presence of a PPAR-α non-competitive inhibitor, suggested it also acted through PPAR-α-independent pathways. Since IκBα cytosolic degradation was inhibited by Fenofibrate, it can be concluded that the NFκB pathway has a role in its effects. Thus, we demonstrate that Fenofibrate acts through PPAR-α-dependent and -independent pathways. Our study shows that combined treatment with Fenofibrate plus Benznidazole is able both to reverse the cardiac dysfunction associated with the ongoing inflammatory response and fibrosis and to attain parasite clearance in an experimental model of Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágata C Cevey
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gerardo A Mirkin
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Donato
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Patología, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular (INFICA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María J Rada
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico N Penas
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ricardo J Gelpi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Patología, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular (INFICA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nora B Goren
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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19
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Harrington J, Fillmore N, Gao S, Yang Y, Zhang X, Liu P, Stoehr A, Chen Y, Springer D, Zhu J, Wang X, Murphy E. A Systems Biology Approach to Investigating Sex Differences in Cardiac Hypertrophy. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:e005838. [PMID: 28862954 PMCID: PMC5586433 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.005838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure preceded by hypertrophy is a leading cause of death, and sex differences in hypertrophy are well known, although the basis for these sex differences is poorly understood. METHODS AND RESULTS This study used a systems biology approach to investigate mechanisms underlying sex differences in cardiac hypertrophy. Male and female mice were treated for 2 and 3 weeks with angiotensin II to induce hypertrophy. Sex differences in cardiac hypertrophy were apparent after 3 weeks of treatment. RNA sequencing was performed on hearts, and sex differences in mRNA expression at baseline and following hypertrophy were observed, as well as within-sex differences between baseline and hypertrophy. Sex differences in mRNA were substantial at baseline and reduced somewhat with hypertrophy, as the mRNA differences induced by hypertrophy tended to overwhelm the sex differences. We performed an integrative analysis to identify mRNA networks that were differentially regulated in the 2 sexes by hypertrophy and obtained a network centered on PPARα (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α). Mouse experiments further showed that acute inhibition of PPARα blocked sex differences in the development of hypertrophy. CONCLUSIONS The data in this study suggest that PPARα is involved in the sex-dimorphic regulation of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Harrington
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Natasha Fillmore
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Shouguo Gao
- System Biology Core, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Yanqin Yang
- DNA Sequencing & Genomics Core, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Xue Zhang
- System Biology Core, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Poching Liu
- DNA Sequencing & Genomics Core, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Andrea Stoehr
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ye Chen
- System Biology Core, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Danielle Springer
- Murine Phenotyping Core, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jun Zhu
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- DNA Sequencing & Genomics Core, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Xujing Wang
- System Biology Core, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Elizabeth Murphy
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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20
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Murphy E, Amanakis G, Fillmore N, Parks RJ, Sun J. Sex Differences in Metabolic Cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Res 2017; 113:370-377. [PMID: 28158412 PMCID: PMC5852638 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to ischemic cardiomyopathies which are more common in men, women are over-represented in diabetic cardiomyopathies. Diabetes is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease; however, there is a sexual dimorphism in this risk factor: heart disease is five times more common in diabetic women but only two-times more common in diabetic men. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, which is associated with metabolic syndrome, is also more prevalent in women. This review will examine potential mechanisms for the sex differences in metabolic cardiomyopathies. Sex differences in metabolism, calcium handling, nitric oxide, and structural proteins will be evaluated. Nitric oxide synthase and PPARα exhibit sex differences and have also been proposed to mediate the development of hypertrophy and heart failure. We focused on a role for these signalling pathways in regulating sex differences in metabolic cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Murphy
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, MSC 1770, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Metabolic Modulation by Medium-Chain Triglycerides Reduces Oxidative Stress and Ameliorates CD36-Mediated Cardiac Remodeling in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat in the Initial and Established Stages of Hypertrophy. J Card Fail 2017; 23:240-251. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α Reduces Endothelin-1-Caused Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy by Inhibiting Nuclear Factor- κB and Adiponectin. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:5609121. [PMID: 27807394 PMCID: PMC5078655 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5609121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) plays a role in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy, although its underlying mechanism remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of PPARα activation on endothelin-1- (ET-1-) caused cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and explore its underlying mechanisms. Human cardiomyocytes (HCMs) were cultured with or without ET-1, whereafter the inhibitory effects of fenofibrate, a PPARα activator, on cell size and adiponectin protein were tested. We examined the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 proteins caused by ET-1 and the inhibition of the ERK and p38 pathways on ET-1-induced cell size and adiponectin expression. Moreover, we investigated the interaction of PPARα with adiponectin and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) by electrophoretic mobility shift assays and coimmunoprecipitation. ET-1 treatment significantly increased cell size, suppressed PPARα expression, and enhanced the expression of adiponectin. Pretreatment with fenofibrate inhibited the increase in cell size and enhancement of adiponectin expression. ET-1 significantly activated the ERK and p38 pathways, whereas PD98059 and SB205380, respectively, inhibited them. Our results suggest that activated PPARα can decrease activation of adiponectin and NF-κB and inhibit ET-1-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.
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Jen HL, Yin WH, Chen JW, Lin SJ. Endothelin-1-Induced Cell Hypertrophy in Cardiomyocytes is Improved by Fenofibrate: Possible Roles of Adiponectin. J Atheroscler Thromb 2016; 24:508-517. [PMID: 27629528 PMCID: PMC5429166 DOI: 10.5551/jat.36368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Previous studies demonstrated that endothelin-1 (ET-1) can significantly increase the cell size and stimulate adiponectin expression in cultured human cardiomyocytes (HCM). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of fenofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) activator, on cell hypertrophy and adiponectin expression in vitro and in a rat model of daunorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy. Methods: The cultured human cardiomyocytes (HCM) were stimulated with or without ET-1. The cell size and the protein expressions of PPARα and adiponectin were tested by confocal Immunofluorescence study and Western blot, respectively. To study the effects of PPARα activation on ET-1-induced cell hypertrophy and adiponectin protein synthesis, HCM were pretreated with fenofibrate or small interfering RNA (siRNA) of PPARα. Echocardiographic parameters were measured and immunohistochemistry study of myocardial adiponectin expression was conducted in the in vivo study. Results: ET-1 significantly increased the cell size, dose-dependently suppressed the expression of PPARα, and enhanced the expression of adiponectin; whereas, such an increase of cell size and enhancement of adiponectin expression were inhibited by the pre-treatment with fenofibrate. Addition of siRNA of PPARα abolished the effects of fenofibrate. Moreover, we found that fenofibrate treatment can significantly improve the left ventricular function and reverse the myocardial expression of adiponectin. Conclusions: Our study shows that fenofibrate may protect against ET-1-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and enhanced adiponectin expression through modulation of PPARα expression in vitro and limitation of daunorubicin cardiotoxicity in vivo, suggesting a novel mechanistic insight into the role of PPARα and adiponectin in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsu-Lung Jen
- Division of Cardiology, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University
| | - Wei-Hsian Yin
- Division of Cardiology, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University
| | - Jaw-Wen Chen
- Department of Medical Research and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital.,Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University
| | - Shing-Jong Lin
- Department of Medical Research and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University
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24
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Santos MHH, de Lourdes Higuchi M, Tucci PJF, Garavelo SM, Reis MM, Antonio EL, Serra AJ, Maranhão RC. Previous exercise training increases levels of PPAR-α in long-term post-myocardial infarction in rats, which is correlated with better inflammatory response. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2016; 71:163-8. [PMID: 27074178 PMCID: PMC4785847 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2016(03)08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exercise is a protective factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, with unclear mechanisms. Changing the myocardial metabolism causes harmful consequences for heart function and exercise contributes to metabolic adjustment modulation. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are also myocardium metabolism regulators capable of decreasing the inflammatory response. We hypothesized that PPAR-α is involved in the beneficial effects of previous exercise on myocardial infarction (MI) and cardiac function, changing the expression of metabolic and inflammatory response regulators and reducing myocardial apoptosis, which partially explains the better outcome. METHODS AND RESULTS Exercised rats engaged in swimming sessions for 60 min/day, 5 days/week, for 8 weeks. Both the exercised rats and sedentary rats were randomized to MI surgery and followed for 1 week (EI1 or SI1) or 4 weeks (EI4 or SI4) of healing or to sham groups. Echocardiography was employed to detect left ventricular function and the infarct size. Additionally, the TUNEL technique was used to assess apoptosis and immunohistochemistry was used to quantitatively analyze the PPAR-α, TNF-α and NF-κB antigens in the infarcted and non-infarcted myocardium. MI-related mortality was higher in SI4 than in EI4 (25% vs 12%), without a difference in MI size. SI4 exhibited a lower shortening fraction than EI4 did (24% vs 35%) and a higher apoptosis/area rate (3.97±0.61 vs 1.90±1.82) in infarcted areas (both p=0.001). Immunohistochemistry also revealed higher TNF-α levels in SI1 than in EI1 (9.59 vs 4.09, p<0.001) in infarcted areas. In non-infarcted areas, EI4 showed higher levels of TNF-α and positive correlations between PPAR-α and NF-κB (r=0.75, p=0.02), in contrast to SI4 (r=0.05, p=0.87). CONCLUSION Previously exercised animals had better long-term ventricular function post-MI, in addition to lower levels of local inflammatory markers and less myocardial apoptosis, which seemed to be related to the presence of PPAR-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marília Harumi Higuchi Santos
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Laboratório de Patologia Cardíaca, São Paulo/, SP, Brazil
- E-mail:
| | - Maria de Lourdes Higuchi
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Laboratório de Patologia Cardíaca, São Paulo/, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Shérrira M Garavelo
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Laboratório de Patologia Cardíaca, São Paulo/, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcia M Reis
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Laboratório de Patologia Cardíaca, São Paulo/, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Raul Cavalcante Maranhão
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Laboratório de Patologia Cardíaca, São Paulo/, SP, Brazil
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25
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PPARs: Protectors or Opponents of Myocardial Function? PPAR Res 2015; 2015:835985. [PMID: 26713088 PMCID: PMC4680114 DOI: 10.1155/2015/835985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 5 million people in the United States suffer from the complications of heart failure (HF), which is a rapidly expanding health complication. Disorders that contribute to HF include ischemic cardiac disease, cardiomyopathies, and hypertension. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear receptor family. There are three PPAR isoforms: PPARα, PPARγ, and PPARδ. They can be activated by endogenous ligands, such as fatty acids, as well as by pharmacologic agents. Activators of PPARs are used for treating several metabolic complications, such as diabetes and hyperlipidemia that are directly or indirectly associated with HF. However, some of these drugs have adverse effects that compromise cardiac function. This review article aims to summarize the current basic and clinical research findings of the beneficial or detrimental effects of PPAR biology on myocardial function.
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26
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Drosatos K, Pollak NM, Pol CJ, Ntziachristos P, Willecke F, Valenti MC, Trent CM, Hu Y, Guo S, Aifantis I, Goldberg IJ. Cardiac Myocyte KLF5 Regulates Ppara Expression and Cardiac Function. Circ Res 2015; 118:241-53. [PMID: 26574507 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.306383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Fatty acid oxidation is transcriptionally regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α and under normal conditions accounts for 70% of cardiac ATP content. Reduced Ppara expression during sepsis and heart failure leads to reduced fatty acid oxidation and myocardial energy deficiency. Many of the transcriptional regulators of Ppara are unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine the role of Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) in transcriptional regulation of Ppara. METHODS AND RESULTS We discovered that KLF5 activates Ppara gene expression via direct promoter binding. This is blocked in hearts of septic mice by c-Jun, which binds an overlapping site on the Ppara promoter and reduces transcription. We generated cardiac myocyte-specific Klf5 knockout mice that showed reduced expression of cardiac Ppara and its downstream fatty acid metabolism-related targets. These changes were associated with reduced cardiac fatty acid oxidation, ATP levels, increased triglyceride accumulation, and cardiac dysfunction. Diabetic mice showed parallel changes in cardiac Klf5 and Ppara expression levels. CONCLUSIONS Cardiac myocyte KLF5 is a transcriptional regulator of Ppara and cardiac energetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Drosatos
- From the Metabolic Biology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (K.D., C.J.P., M.-C.V.); Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (N.M.P.); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine (P.N., I.A.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, New York University-Langone School of Medicine (F.W., C.M.T., Y.H., I.J.G.); and Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Texas A & M Health Science Center, Temple (S.G.).
| | - Nina M Pollak
- From the Metabolic Biology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (K.D., C.J.P., M.-C.V.); Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (N.M.P.); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine (P.N., I.A.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, New York University-Langone School of Medicine (F.W., C.M.T., Y.H., I.J.G.); and Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Texas A & M Health Science Center, Temple (S.G.)
| | - Christine J Pol
- From the Metabolic Biology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (K.D., C.J.P., M.-C.V.); Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (N.M.P.); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine (P.N., I.A.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, New York University-Langone School of Medicine (F.W., C.M.T., Y.H., I.J.G.); and Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Texas A & M Health Science Center, Temple (S.G.)
| | - Panagiotis Ntziachristos
- From the Metabolic Biology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (K.D., C.J.P., M.-C.V.); Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (N.M.P.); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine (P.N., I.A.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, New York University-Langone School of Medicine (F.W., C.M.T., Y.H., I.J.G.); and Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Texas A & M Health Science Center, Temple (S.G.)
| | - Florian Willecke
- From the Metabolic Biology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (K.D., C.J.P., M.-C.V.); Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (N.M.P.); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine (P.N., I.A.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, New York University-Langone School of Medicine (F.W., C.M.T., Y.H., I.J.G.); and Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Texas A & M Health Science Center, Temple (S.G.)
| | - Mesele-Christina Valenti
- From the Metabolic Biology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (K.D., C.J.P., M.-C.V.); Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (N.M.P.); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine (P.N., I.A.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, New York University-Langone School of Medicine (F.W., C.M.T., Y.H., I.J.G.); and Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Texas A & M Health Science Center, Temple (S.G.)
| | - Chad M Trent
- From the Metabolic Biology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (K.D., C.J.P., M.-C.V.); Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (N.M.P.); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine (P.N., I.A.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, New York University-Langone School of Medicine (F.W., C.M.T., Y.H., I.J.G.); and Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Texas A & M Health Science Center, Temple (S.G.)
| | - Yunying Hu
- From the Metabolic Biology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (K.D., C.J.P., M.-C.V.); Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (N.M.P.); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine (P.N., I.A.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, New York University-Langone School of Medicine (F.W., C.M.T., Y.H., I.J.G.); and Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Texas A & M Health Science Center, Temple (S.G.)
| | - Shaodong Guo
- From the Metabolic Biology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (K.D., C.J.P., M.-C.V.); Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (N.M.P.); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine (P.N., I.A.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, New York University-Langone School of Medicine (F.W., C.M.T., Y.H., I.J.G.); and Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Texas A & M Health Science Center, Temple (S.G.)
| | - Iannis Aifantis
- From the Metabolic Biology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (K.D., C.J.P., M.-C.V.); Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (N.M.P.); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine (P.N., I.A.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, New York University-Langone School of Medicine (F.W., C.M.T., Y.H., I.J.G.); and Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Texas A & M Health Science Center, Temple (S.G.)
| | - Ira J Goldberg
- From the Metabolic Biology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (K.D., C.J.P., M.-C.V.); Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (N.M.P.); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine (P.N., I.A.); Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, New York University-Langone School of Medicine (F.W., C.M.T., Y.H., I.J.G.); and Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Texas A & M Health Science Center, Temple (S.G.)
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Parry TL, Desai G, Schisler JC, Li L, Quintana MT, Stanley N, Lockyer P, Patterson C, Willis MS. Fenofibrate unexpectedly induces cardiac hypertrophy in mice lacking MuRF1. Cardiovasc Pathol 2015; 25:127-140. [PMID: 26764147 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The muscle-specific ubiquitin ligase muscle ring finger-1 (MuRF1) is critical in regulating both pathological and physiological cardiac hypertrophy in vivo. Previous work from our group has identified MuRF1's ability to inhibit serum response factor and insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling pathways (via targeted inhibition of cJun as underlying mechanisms). More recently, we have identified that MuRF1 inhibits fatty acid metabolism by targeting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) for nuclear export via mono-ubiquitination. Since MuRF1-/- mice have an estimated fivefold increase in PPARα activity, we sought to determine how challenge with the PPARα agonist fenofibrate, a PPARα ligand, would affect the heart physiologically. In as little as 3 weeks, feeding with fenofibrate/chow (0.05% wt/wt) induced unexpected pathological cardiac hypertrophy not present in age-matched sibling wild-type (MuRF1+/+) mice, identified by echocardiography, cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area, and increased beta-myosin heavy chain, brain natriuretic peptide, and skeletal muscle α-actin mRNA. In addition to pathological hypertrophy, MuRF1-/- mice had an unexpected differential expression in genes associated with the pleiotropic effects of fenofibrate involved in the extracellular matrix, protease inhibition, hemostasis, and the sarcomere. At both 3 and 8 weeks of fenofibrate treatment, the differentially expressed MuRF1-/- genes most commonly had SREBP-1 and E2F1/E2F promoter regions by TRANSFAC analysis (54 and 50 genes, respectively, of the 111 of the genes >4 and <-4 log fold change; P ≤ .0004). These studies identify MuRF1's unexpected regulation of fenofibrate's pleiotropic effects and bridges, for the first time, MuRF1's regulation of PPARα, cardiac hypertrophy, and hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Traci L Parry
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gopal Desai
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jonathan C Schisler
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Luge Li
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Megan T Quintana
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Natalie Stanley
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Pamela Lockyer
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Cam Patterson
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Presbyterian Hospital/Weill-Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Monte S Willis
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Transcriptional Changes Associated with Long-Term Left Ventricle Volume Overload in Rats: Impact on Enzymes Related to Myocardial Energy Metabolism. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:949624. [PMID: 26583150 PMCID: PMC4637065 DOI: 10.1155/2015/949624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Patients with left ventricle (LV) volume overload (VO) remain in a compensated state for many years although severe dilation is present. The myocardial capacity to fulfill its energetic demand may delay decompensation. We performed a gene expression profile, a model of chronic VO in rat LV with severe aortic valve regurgitation (AR) for 9 months, and focused on the study of genes associated with myocardial energetics. Methods. LV gene expression profile was performed in rats after 9 months of AR and compared to sham-operated controls. LV glucose and fatty acid (FA) uptake was also evaluated in vivo by positron emission tomography in 8-week AR rats treated or not with fenofibrate, an activator of FA oxidation (FAO). Results. Many LV genes associated with mitochondrial function and metabolism were downregulated in AR rats. FA β-oxidation capacity was significantly impaired as early as two weeks after AR. Treatment with fenofibrate, a PPARα agonist, normalized both FA and glucose uptake while reducing LV dilation caused by AR. Conclusion. Myocardial energy substrate preference is affected early in the evolution of LV-VO cardiomyopathy. Maintaining a relatively normal FA utilization in the myocardium could translate into less glucose uptake and possibly lesser LV remodeling.
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29
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Oka SI, Zhai P, Yamamoto T, Ikeda Y, Byun J, Hsu CP, Sadoshima J. Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor-α Association With Silent Information Regulator 1 Suppresses Cardiac Fatty Acid Metabolism in the Failing Heart. Circ Heart Fail 2015; 8:1123-32. [PMID: 26443578 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.115.002216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure is accompanied by changes in cardiac metabolism characterized by reduced fatty acid (FA) utilization. However, the underlying mechanism and its causative involvement in the progression of heart failure are poorly understood. The peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-α (PPARα)/retinoid X receptor (RXR) heterodimer promotes transcription of genes involved in FA metabolism through binding to the PPAR response element, called direct repeat 1 (DR1). Silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1) is a histone deacetylase, which interacts with PPARα. METHODS AND RESULTS To investigate the role of PPARα in the impaired FA utilization observed during heart failure, genetically altered mice were subjected to pressure overload. The DNA binding of PPARα, RXRα, and Sirt1 to DR1 was evaluated with oligonucleotide pull-down and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Although the binding of PPARα to DR1 was enhanced in response to pressure overload, that of RXRα was attenuated. Sirt1 competes with RXRα to dimerize with PPARα, thereby suppressing FA utilization in the failing heart. DR1 sequence analysis indicated that the typical DR1 sequence favors PPARα/RXRα heterodimerization, whereas the switch from RXRα to Sirt1 takes place on degenerate DR1s. Sirt1 bound to PPARα through a region homologous to the PPARα binding domain in RXRα. A short peptide corresponding to the RXRα domain not only inhibited the interaction between PPARα and Sirt1 but also improved FA metabolism and ameliorated cardiac dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS A change in the heterodimeric partner of PPARα from RXRα to Sirt1 is responsible for the impaired FA metabolism and cardiac dysfunction in the failing heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichi Oka
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (S.-i.O., P.Z., T.Y., Y.I., J.B., J.S.); and Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-P.H.)
| | - Peiyong Zhai
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (S.-i.O., P.Z., T.Y., Y.I., J.B., J.S.); and Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-P.H.)
| | - Takanobu Yamamoto
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (S.-i.O., P.Z., T.Y., Y.I., J.B., J.S.); and Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-P.H.)
| | - Yoshiyuki Ikeda
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (S.-i.O., P.Z., T.Y., Y.I., J.B., J.S.); and Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-P.H.)
| | - Jaemin Byun
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (S.-i.O., P.Z., T.Y., Y.I., J.B., J.S.); and Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-P.H.)
| | - Chiao-Po Hsu
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (S.-i.O., P.Z., T.Y., Y.I., J.B., J.S.); and Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-P.H.)
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (S.-i.O., P.Z., T.Y., Y.I., J.B., J.S.); and Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-P.H.).
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30
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Ismael S, Purushothaman S, Harikrishnan VS, Nair RR. Ligand specific variation in cardiac response to stimulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha in spontaneously hypertensive rat. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 406:173-82. [PMID: 25976666 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2435-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an independent risk factor for cardiac failure. Reduction of LVH has beneficial effects on the heart. LVH is associated with shift in energy substrate preference from fatty acid to glucose, mediated by down regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-α). As long-term dependence on glucose can promote adverse cardiac remodeling, it was hypothesized that, prevention of metabolic shift by averting down regulation of PPAR-α can reduce cardiac remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). Cardiac response to stimulation of PPAR-α presumably depends on the type of ligand used. Therefore, the study was carried out in SHR, using two different PPAR-α ligands. SHR were treated with either fenofibrate (100 mg/kg/day) or medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) Tricaprylin (5% of diet) for 4 months. Expression of PPAR-α and medium-chain acylCoA dehydrogenase served as markers, for stimulation of PPAR-α. Both ligands stimulated PPAR-α. Decrease of blood pressure was observed only with fenofibrate. LVH was assessed from heart-weight/body weight ratio, histology and brain natriuretic peptide expression. As oxidative stress is linked with hypertrophy, serum and cardiac malondialdehyde and cardiac 3-nitrotyrosine levels were determined. Compared to untreated SHR, LVH and oxidative stress were lower on supplementation with MCT, but higher on treatment with fenofibrate. The observations indicate that reduction of blood pressure is not essentially accompanied by reduction of LVH, and that, progressive cardiac remodeling can be prevented with decrease in oxidative stress. Contrary to the notion that reactivation of PPAR-α is detrimental; the study substantiates that cardiac response to stimulation of PPAR-α is ligand specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saifudeen Ismael
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695011, India
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Xu T, Zhang B, Yang F, Cai C, Wang G, Han Q, Zou L. HSF1 and NF-κB p65 participate in the process of exercise preconditioning attenuating pressure overload-induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 460:622-7. [PMID: 25804640 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.03.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy, often accompanied by hypertension, aortic stenosis and valvular defects, is typically associated with myocyte remodeling and cardiac dysfunction. Exercise preconditioning (EP) has been proven to enhance the tolerance of the myocardium to cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, the effects of EP in pathological cardiac hypertrophy are rarely reported. 10-wk-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 80) were randomly divided into four groups: sham, TAC, EP + sham and EP + TAC. Two EP groups were subjected to 4 weeks of treadmill training, and the EP + TAC and TAC groups were followed by TAC operations. The sham and EP + sham groups underwent the same operation without aortic constriction. Eight weeks after the surgery, we evaluated the effects of EP by echocardiography, morphology, and histology and observed the expressions of the associated proteins. Compared with the respective control groups, hypertrophy-related indicators were significantly increased in the TAC and EP + TAC groups (p < 0.05). However, between the TAC and EP + TAC groups, all of these changes were effectively inhibited by EP treatment (p < 0.05). Furthermore, EP treatment upregulated the expression of HSF1 and HSP70, increased the HSF1 levels in the nuclear fraction, inhibited the expression of the NF-κB p65 subunit, decreased the NF-κB p65 subunit levels in the nuclear fraction, and reduced the IL2 levels in the myocardia of rats. EP could effectively reduce the cardiac hypertrophic responses induced by TAC and may play a protective role by upregulating the expressions of HSF1 and HSP70, activating HSF1 and then inhibiting the expression of NF-κB p65 and nuclear translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyi Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, No. 401 Hospital of PLA, Qingdao, China; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ben Zhang
- Centre of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Region, Guangzhou, China; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengliang Cai
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guokun Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingqi Han
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Liangjian Zou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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Huang J, Xu L, Huang Q, Luo J, Liu P, Chen S, Yuan X, Lu Y, Wang P, Zhou S. Changes in short-chain acyl-coA dehydrogenase during rat cardiac development and stress. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:1672-88. [PMID: 25753319 PMCID: PMC4511364 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the expression of short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SCAD), a key enzyme of fatty acid β-oxidation, during rat heart development and the difference of SCAD between pathological and physiological cardiac hypertrophy. The expression of SCAD was lowest in the foetal and neonatal heart, which had time-dependent increase during normal heart development. In contrast, a significant decrease in SCAD expression was observed in different ages of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). On the other hand, swim-trained rats developed physiological cardiac hypertrophy, whereas SHR developed pathological cardiac hypertrophy. The two kinds of cardiac hypertrophy exhibited divergent SCAD changes in myocardial fatty acids utilization. In addition, the expression of SCAD was significantly decreased in pathological cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, however, increased in physiological cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. SCAD siRNA treatment triggered the pathological cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, which showed that the down-regulation of SCAD expression may play an important role in pathological cardiac hypertrophy. The changes in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) was accordant with that of SCAD. Moreover, the specific PPARα ligand fenofibrate treatment increased the expression of SCAD and inhibited pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Therefore, we speculate that the down-regulated expression of SCAD in pathological cardiac hypertrophy may be responsible for 'the recapitulation of foetal energy metabolism'. The deactivation of PPARα may result in the decrease in SCAD expression in pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Changes in SCAD are different in pathological and physiological cardiac hypertrophy, which may be used as the molecular markers of pathological and physiological cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxian Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, GuangDong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lipeng Xu
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuju Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, GuangDong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiani Luo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaorui Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Yuan
- Clinical Medicine Eight Years 1st Class 2007 Grade, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Clinical Medicine Eight Years 1st Class 2007 Grade, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sigui Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, GuangDong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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Tian K, Liu Z, Wang J, Xu S, You T, Liu P. Sirtuin-6 inhibits cardiac fibroblasts differentiation into myofibroblasts via inactivation of nuclear factor κB signaling. Transl Res 2015; 165:374-86. [PMID: 25475987 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) into myofibroblasts represents a key event in cardiac fibrosis that contributes to pathologic cardiac remodeling. However, regulation of this phenotypic transformation remains elusive. Here, we show that sirtuin-6 (SIRT6), a member of the sirtuin family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent histone deacetylase, plays a role in the regulation of myofibroblast differentiation. SIRT6 expression was upregulated under pathologic conditions in angiotensin II (Ang II)-stimulated CFs and in myocardium of rat subjected to abdominal aortic constriction surgery. SIRT6 depletion by RNA interference (small interfering RNA [siRNA]) in CFs resulted in increased cell proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition. Further examination of SIRT6-depleted CFs demonstrated significantly higher expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), the classical marker of myofibroblast differentiation, and increased formation of focal adhesions. Notably, SIRT6 depletion further exacerbated Ang II-induced myofibroblast differentiation. Overexpression of SIRT6 restored α-SMA expression in SIRT6-depleted or Ang II-treated CFs. Moreover, SIRT6 depletion induced the DNA binding activity and transcriptional activity of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Importantly, using an NF-κB p65 siRNA or pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, a specific inhibitor of NF-κB activity, reversed the expression of phenotypic markers of myofibroblasts. Our findings unravel a novel role of SIRT6 as a key modulator in the phenotypic conversion of CFs to myofibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunming Tian
- School of Nursing, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suowen Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianhui You
- School of Nursing, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Zou J, Gan X, Zhou H, Chen X, Guo Y, Chen J, Yang X, Lei J. Alpha-lipoic acid attenuates cardiac hypertrophy via inhibition of C/EBPβ activation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 399:321-9. [PMID: 25450863 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), a naturally occurring compound, exerts powerful protective effects in numerous cardiovascular disease models. However, the pharmacological property of ALA on cardiac hypertrophy has not been well investigated. The present study was carried out to determine whether ALA exerts a direct anti-hypertrophic effect in cultured cardiomyocytes and whether it modifies the hypertrophic process in vivo. Furthermore, we determined the potential underlying mechanisms for these actions. Treatment of cardiomyocytes with phenylephrine (PE) for 24 h produced a marked hypertrophic effect as evidenced by significantly increased in ANF and BNP mRNA levels, as well as cell surface area. These effects were attenuated by ALA in a concentration-dependent manner with a complete inhibition of hypertrophy at a concentration of 100 µg/mL. PE-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was associated with increased mRNA and protein levels of C/EBPβ, which were inhibited by pretreatment with ALA. However, when cardiomyocytes were co-transfected with C/EBPβ, ALA failed to inhibit hypertrophic responses. Upregulation of C/EBPβ expression was also evident in rats subjected to 4 weeks of coronary artery ligation (CAL). However, rats treated with ALA demonstrated markedly reduced hemodynamic and hypertrophic responses, which were accompanied by attenuation of upregulation of C/EBPβ. Taken together, our results revealed a robust anti-hypertrophic and anti-remodeling effect of ALA, which is mediated by inhibition of C/EBPβ activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zou
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xiaohong Gan
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Houfeng Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yuanxin Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xiaolai Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
| | - Jianguo Lei
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
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Alpha-lipoic acid attenuates cardiac hypertrophy via downregulation of PARP-2 and subsequent activation of SIRT-1. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 744:203-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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36
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Xuan AG, Chen Y, Long DH, Zhang M, Ji WD, Zhang WJ, Liu JH, Hong LP, He XS, Chen WL. PPARα Agonist Fenofibrate Ameliorates Learning and Memory Deficits in Rats Following Global Cerebral Ischemia. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 52:601-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8882-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Rapamycin attenuated cardiac hypertrophy induced by isoproterenol and maintained energy homeostasis via inhibiting NF-κB activation. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:868753. [PMID: 25045214 PMCID: PMC4089551 DOI: 10.1155/2014/868753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapamycin, also known as sirolimus, is an immunosuppressant drug used to prevent rejection organ (especially kidney) transplantation. However, little is known about the role of Rapa in cardiac hypertrophy induced by isoproterenol and its underlying mechanism. In this study, Rapa was administrated intraperitoneally for one week after the rat model of cardiac hypertrophy induced by isoproterenol established. Rapa was demonstrated to attenuate isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy, maintain the structure integrity and functional performance of mitochondria, and upregulate genes related to fatty acid metabolism in hypertrophied hearts. To further study the implication of NF-κB in the protective role of Rapa, cardiomyocytes were pretreated with TNF-α or transfected with siRNA against NF-κB/p65 subunit. It was revealed that the upregulation of extracellular circulating proinflammatory cytokines induced by isoproterenol was able to be reversed by Rapa, which was dependent on NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, the regression of cardiac hypertrophy and maintaining energy homeostasis by Rapa in cardiomyocytes may be attributed to the inactivation of NF-κB. Our results shed new light on mechanisms underlying the protective role of Rapa against cardiac hypertrophy induced by isoproterenol, suggesting that blocking proinflammatory response by Rapa might contribute to the maintenance of energy homeostasis during the progression of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Zou J, Li H, Chen X, Zeng S, Ye J, Zhou C, Liu M, Zhang L, Yu N, Gan X, Zhou H, Xian Z, Chen S, Liu P. C/EBPβ knockdown protects cardiomyocytes from hypertrophy via inhibition of p65-NFκB. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 390:18-25. [PMID: 24704266 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
C/EBPβ, a member of the bHLH gene family of DNA-binding transcription factors, has been indicated as a central signal in physiologic hypertrophy. However, the role of C/EBPβ in pathological cardiac hypertrophy remains to be elucidated. In this study, we revealed that C/EBPβ is involved in cardiac hypertrophy, the expression of C/EBPβ were significantly increased in response to hypertrophic stimulation in vitro and in vivo. C/EBPβ knockdown inhibited PE-induced cardiac hypertrophy, and diminished the nuclear translocation and DNA binding activity of p65-NFκB. These results suggested that C/EBPβ knockdown protected cardiomyocytes from hypertrophy, which may be attributed to inhibition of NFκB-dependent transcriptional activity. These findings shed new light on the understanding of C/EBPβ-related cardiomyopathy, and suggest the potential application of C/EBPβ inhibitors in cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Siyu Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou 524000, China
| | - Jiantao Ye
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Changhua Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Luankun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Na Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaohong Gan
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Houfeng Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhiwei Xian
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shaorui Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Fenofibrate Modulates Cytochrome P450 and Arachidonic Acid Metabolism in the Heart and Protects Against Isoproterenol-induced Cardiac Hypertrophy. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2014; 63:167-77. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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