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Keshavarzi Z, Amiresmaili S, Nazari M, Jafari E, Chahkandi M, Sindhu RK. Synergistic effects of auraptene and 17-β estradiol on traumatic brain injury treatment: oxidant/antioxidant status, inflammatory cytokines and pathology. Int J Neurosci 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37815366 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2023.2269478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite significant advances that have been made in the treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI), it remains a global health issue. This study aimed to investigate the synergistic effects of 17-β estradiol (E2) and auraptene (AUR) on TBI treatment. METHODS In total, 70 adult male Wistar rats were divided randomly into ten main groups: Sham, TBI, TBI + DMSO, TBI + AUR (4 mg/kg), TBI + AUR (8 mg/kg), TBI + AUR (25 mg/kg), TBI + E2 group, TBI + AUR (4 mg/kg) + E2 group, TBI + AUR (8 mg/kg) + E2 group and TBI + AUR (25 mg/kg) + E2 group. Diffuse TBI was caused by the Marmarou process in male rats. The brain's tissues were harvested to check the parameters of oxidative stress and levels of inflammatory cytokine. RESULTS The finding revealed that TBI induced a significant increase in brain edema, pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidant levels [MDA and NO], and also a decrease in the brain's antioxidant biomarkers [GPx, SOD]. We also found that E2 and AUR (25 mg/kg) significantly preserved the levels of these biomarkers. The combination of AUR concentrations and E2 showed that this treatment efficiently preserved the levels of these biomarkers. Furthermore, the combination of E2 and AUR (25 mg/kg) c could cause the most effective synergistic interaction. CONCLUSION AUR could act synergistically with E2 to treat brain injury complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakieh Keshavarzi
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Nazari
- College of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Elham Jafari
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Chahkandi
- Department of Physiology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Rakesh K Sindhu
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
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Shahraki Z, Rastkar M, Rastkar E, Mohammadifar M, Mohamadi A, Ghajarzadeh M. Impact of menopause on relapse rate and disability level in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS): a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Neurol 2023; 23:316. [PMID: 37667181 PMCID: PMC10476298 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-023-03332-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Menopause is a physiologic phase in women's lives. Findings regarding multiple sclerosis (MS) course through menopause are diverse. So, we designed this systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the impact of menopause on relapse rate, and disability status in women with MS. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, and google scholar were systematically searched by two independent researchers on January 1st, 2023. They also evaluated conference abstracts, and references of the included studies. In addition, data regarding the total number of participants, name of the first author of the publication, publication year, country of origin, disease duration, disease type, annual relapse rate, and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) before and after menopause were recorded. RESULTS A literature search revealed 1024 records. Twenty-one full texts were evaluated, and finally, four studies were included for meta-analysis. Mean ARR before menopause ranged between 0.21 and 0.37, and after menopause ranged between 0.13 and 0.08. The SMD of mean ARR ranged between - 1.04, and - 0.29, while the pooled SMD was estimated as -0.52(95% CI: -0.88, -0.15) (I2 = 73.6%, P = 0.02). The mean EDSS before menopause ranged between 1.5 and 2, and after menopause ranged between 2 and 3.1. The SMD of EDSS ranged between 0.46, and 0.71. The pooled SMD of EDSS change (after menopause-before menopause) estimated as 0.56(95% CI: 0.38, 0.73)(I2 = 0, P = 0.4). CONCLUSION The result of this systematic review and meta-analysis show that menopause can be associated with relapse rate reduction, unlike increase in disease-related disability in women with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohsen Rastkar
- Student's Scientific research center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elnaz Rastkar
- Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohammadifar
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Group (MSRG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aida Mohamadi
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Group (MSRG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Ghajarzadeh
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Group (MSRG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Shuster B, Casserly R, Lipford E, Olszewski R, Milon B, Viechweg S, Davidson K, Enoch J, McMurray M, Rutherford MA, Ohlemiller KK, Hoa M, Depireux DA, Mong JA, Hertzano R. Estradiol Protects against Noise-Induced Hearing Loss and Modulates Auditory Physiology in Female Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12208. [PMID: 34830090 PMCID: PMC8620009 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have identified sex-differences in auditory physiology and in the susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). We hypothesize that 17β-estradiol (E2), a known modulator of auditory physiology, may underpin sex-differences in the response to noise trauma. Here, we gonadectomized B6CBAF1/J mice and used a combination of electrophysiological and histological techniques to study the effects of estrogen replacement on peripheral auditory physiology in the absence of noise exposure and on protection from NIHL. Functional analysis of auditory physiology in gonadectomized female mice revealed that E2-treatment modulated the peripheral response to sound in the absence of changes to the endocochlear potential compared to vehicle-treatment. E2-replacement in gonadectomized female mice protected against hearing loss following permanent threshold shift (PTS)- and temporary threshold shift (TTS)-inducing noise exposures. Histological analysis of the cochlear tissue revealed that E2-replacement mitigated outer hair cell loss and cochlear synaptopathy following noise exposure compared to vehicle-treatment. Lastly, using fluorescent in situ hybridization, we demonstrate co-localization of estrogen receptor-2 with type-1C, high threshold spiral ganglion neurons, suggesting that the observed protection from cochlear synaptopathy may occur through E2-mediated preservation of these neurons. Taken together, these data indicate the estrogen signaling pathways may be harnessed for the prevention and treatment of NIHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Shuster
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (B.S.); (R.C.); (E.L.); (B.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Ryan Casserly
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (B.S.); (R.C.); (E.L.); (B.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Erika Lipford
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (B.S.); (R.C.); (E.L.); (B.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Rafal Olszewski
- Auditory Development and Restoration Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (R.O.); (M.H.)
| | - Béatrice Milon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (B.S.); (R.C.); (E.L.); (B.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Shaun Viechweg
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (S.V.); (K.D.); (J.E.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Kanisa Davidson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (S.V.); (K.D.); (J.E.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Jennifer Enoch
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (S.V.); (K.D.); (J.E.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Mark McMurray
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (B.S.); (R.C.); (E.L.); (B.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Mark A. Rutherford
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (M.A.R.); (K.K.O.)
| | - Kevin K. Ohlemiller
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (M.A.R.); (K.K.O.)
| | - Michael Hoa
- Auditory Development and Restoration Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (R.O.); (M.H.)
| | | | - Jessica A. Mong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (S.V.); (K.D.); (J.E.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Ronna Hertzano
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (B.S.); (R.C.); (E.L.); (B.M.); (M.M.)
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Akintunde J, Ibrahim L, Omotosho O, Boligon A. Metabolic depletion of synaptosomal enzymes linked with neurotoxicity and ovarian dysfunction by phenolic antioxidants of Croton zambsicus leaves in rats exposed to chronic mixture of anthropogenic toxicant. Metabol Open 2021; 10:100097. [PMID: 34159306 PMCID: PMC8193606 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2021.100097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A complex mixture of organic contaminants and metals is associated with neuron-fertility disorders and studies have demonstrated that phenolic antioxidants from herbal origin, possesses a strong protective potential. This study aimed to investigate the protection of phenolic croton zambesicus (C-ZAMB) leaves against neuro-ovarian damage in rats exposed to chronic mixture of anthropogenic toxicants (EOMABRSL). The animals were divided into five groups (n = 10): Group I was given 0.5 ml of distilled water only; Group II received 0.5 ml of EOMABRSL for 98 days; Group III received 0.5 ml of EOMABRSL for 70 days and withdrew for 28 days; Group IV received 0.5 ml of EOMABRSL for 70 days +400 mg/kg phenolic C-ZAMB for 28 days; Group V received 400 mg/kg C-ZAMB only for 28 days via oral route. Both non-withdrawal and withdrawal EOMABRSL-exposed animals exhibited neuro-ovarian impairment by up-regulating neuronal 51 eco-nucleotidase (51ENT), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butrylcholinesterase (BuChE), synaptosomal monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) with altered cerebral antioxidants. Similarly, exposure to EOMABRSL for 98 and 70 days caused ovarian injury by amplifying the activity of 51ENT with corresponding decline of fertility index, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and Δ5 17β-hydroxyl steroid dehydrogenase (Δ517β-HSD). EOMABRSL intoxication also increased the neuro-ovarian MDA content with reduced numbers of neonates. Phenolic antioxidants from C-ZAMB leaves identified by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) ameliorated the chronic EOMABRSL intoxication. The treatment also prevented ovarian lesions by depleting MDA content and improved antioxidant status. Thus, confirming its neuro-ovarian protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.K. Akintunde
- Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kwara State University, Malete, P.M.B 1530, Nigeria
| | - L.B. Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kwara State University, Malete, P.M.B 1530, Nigeria
| | - O.D. Omotosho
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kwara State University, Malete, P.M.B 1530, Nigeria
| | - A.A. Boligon
- Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Federal University of Santa Maria, Building 26, Room 1115, Santa Maria, CEP97105-900, Brazil
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Liu Y, Hao L, Jiang L, Li H. Therapeutic effect of pulsed electromagnetic field on bone wound healing in rats. Electromagn Biol Med 2021; 40:26-32. [PMID: 33251878 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2020.1851252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) on bone wound in rats as a potential therapy for bone fracture-related conditions. Male rats, aged 3 months, were used to construct model of bone wounding. Wound models were randomly selected to receive PEMF therapy at 1 to 10 mT intensity. Models that did not receive PEMF therapy were used as control. The serum concentrations of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were determined. Bone density and biomechanical properties of callus were measured using a tensile tester. Compared with control, rats subjected to PEMF therapy had similar weight gain, but significantly higher levels of serum Ca and ALP (P < .05) at 5 and 10 mT, while the serum level of P remained unchanged after PEMF therapy. The bone mineral density of callus increased after the therapy, particularly, after 5 and 10 mT therapy (P < .05). Biomechanical measurements showed that 21 days after the therapy, the maximum load, fracture load, elastic load and bending energy were significantly greater in rats receiving 5 and 10 mT PEMF therapy as compared with control (P < .05). Our experiments demonstrate that PEMF at 5 and 10 mT can significantly accelerate wound healing and enhance the repairing ability of bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Liu
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Yidu Central Hospital , Weifang, China
| | - Lijuan Hao
- Department of Urology, Yidu Central Hospital , Weifang, China
| | - Liyan Jiang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Yidu Central Hospital , Weifang, China
| | - Haitao Li
- Department of Surgery, Yidu Central Hospital , Weifang, China
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Kövesdi E, Szabó-Meleg E, Abrahám IM. The Role of Estradiol in Traumatic Brain Injury: Mechanism and Treatment Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E11. [PMID: 33374952 PMCID: PMC7792596 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients surviving traumatic brain injury (TBI) face numerous neurological and neuropsychological problems significantly affecting their quality of life. Extensive studies over the past decades have investigated pharmacological treatment options in different animal models, targeting various pathological consequences of TBI. Sex and gender are known to influence the outcome of TBI in animal models and in patients, respectively. Apart from its well-known effects on reproduction, 17β-estradiol (E2) has a neuroprotective role in brain injury. Hence, in this review, we focus on the effect of E2 in TBI in humans and animals. First, we discuss the clinical classification and pathomechanism of TBI, the research in animal models, and the neuroprotective role of E2. Based on the results of animal studies and clinical trials, we discuss possible E2 targets from early to late events in the pathomechanism of TBI, including neuroinflammation and possible disturbances of the endocrine system. Finally, the potential relevance of selective estrogenic compounds in the treatment of TBI will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erzsébet Kövesdi
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Center for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary;
| | - Edina Szabó-Meleg
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary;
| | - István M. Abrahám
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Center for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary;
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Teubel J, Parr MK. Determination of neurosteroids in human cerebrospinal fluid in the 21st century: A review. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 204:105753. [PMID: 32937199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Determination of steroid hormones synthesized by the human body plays an important role in various fields of endocrinology. Neurosteroids (NS) are steroids that are synthesized in the central (CNS) or peripheral nervous system (PNS), which is not only a source but also a target for neurosteroids. They are discussed as possible biomarkers in various cognitive disorders and research interest in this topic raises continuously. Nevertheless, knowledge on functions and metabolism is still limited, although the concept of neurosteroids was already introduced in the 1980s. Until today, the analysis of neurosteroids is truly challenging. The only accessible matrix for investigations of brain metabolism in living human beings is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which therefore becomes a very interesting specimen for analysis. However, neurosteroid concentrations are expected to be very low and the available amount of cerebrospinal fluid is limited. Further, high structural similarities of endogenous neurosteroids challenges analysis. Therefore, comprehensive methods, highly selective and sensitive for a large range of concentrations for different steroids in one aliquot are required and under continuous development. Although research has been increasingly intensified, still only few data are available on reference levels of neurosteroids in human cerebrospinal fluid. In this review, published literature of the last twenty years, as a period with relatively contemporary analytical methods, was systematically investigated. Considerations on human cerebrospinal fluid, different analytical approaches, and available data on levels of in analogy to periphery conceivable occurring neurosteroids, including (pro-) gestagens, androgens, corticoids, estrogens, and steroid conjugates, and their interpretation are intensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Teubel
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Pharmacy, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Kristina Parr
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Pharmacy, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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Adverse neuropsychiatric development following perinatal brain injury: from a preclinical perspective. Pediatr Res 2019; 85:198-215. [PMID: 30367160 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-018-0222-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Perinatal brain injury is a leading cause of death and disability in young children. Recent advances in obstetrics, reproductive medicine and neonatal intensive care have resulted in significantly higher survival rates of preterm or sick born neonates, at the price of increased prevalence of neurological, behavioural and psychiatric problems in later life. Therefore, the current focus of experimental research shifts from immediate injury processes to the consequences for brain function in later life. The aetiology of perinatal brain injury is multi-factorial involving maternal and also labour-associated factors, including not only placental insufficiency and hypoxia-ischaemia but also exposure to high oxygen concentrations, maternal infection yielding excess inflammation, genetic factors and stress as important players, all of them associated with adverse long-term neurological outcome. Several animal models addressing these noxious stimuli have been established in the past to unravel the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of altered brain development. In spite of substantial efforts to investigate short-term consequences, preclinical evaluation of the long-term sequelae for the development of cognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders have rarely been addressed. This review will summarise and discuss not only current evidence but also requirements for experimental research providing a causal link between insults to the developing brain and long-lasting neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Bian C, Bai B, Gao Q, Li S, Zhao Y. 17β-Estradiol Regulates Glucose Metabolism and Insulin Secretion in Rat Islet β Cells Through GPER and Akt/mTOR/GLUT2 Pathway. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:531. [PMID: 31447779 PMCID: PMC6691154 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: To explore the molecular mechanism by which 17β-estradiol (estrogen 2, E2) regulates glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) and insulin secretion in islet β cells through G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) via Akt/mTOR pathway. Methods: SPF-grade SD male rats were used to establish an in vivo type 2 diabetes model treated with E2. Rat insulinoma cells (INS-1) were cultured in normal or high glucose media with or without E2. Immunofluorescence double staining was used to detect GPER, GLUT2, insulin, and glucagon immunolocalization in rat islet tissues. Western blot was used to detect GPER, Akt, mTOR, and GLUT2 protein immunocontent. Real-time PCR detected Slc2a2 and glucose kinase (GK) content, and ELISA was used to detect insulin levels. Glucose uptake, GK activity and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity were analyzed with glucose detection, GK activity and PDH activity assay kit. Results: Immunofluorescence double staining confocal indicated that E2 treatment up-regulated expression levels of GPER, GLUT2, and insulin, while down-regulated glucagon. Western blot results revealed E2 increased GPER, Akt/mTOR pathway, and GLUT2 protein immunocontent. Real-time PCR showed E2 elevated Slc2a2, GK content. Moreover, E2 improved insulin secretion, glucose uptake, GK activity, and PDH activity. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that exogenous E2 up-regulated GPER via the Akt/mTOR pathway to increase GLUT2 protein content and insulin secretion in islet β cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Bian
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bowen Bai
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Siyi Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuyan Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yuyan Zhao
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Targeting RORs nuclear receptors by novel synthetic steroidal inverse agonists for autoimmune disorders. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:1686-1704. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Sørvik IB, Solum EJ, Labba NA, Hansen TV, Paulsen RE. Differential effects of some novel synthetic oestrogen analogs on oxidative PC12 cell death caused by serum deprivation. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:273-287. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1430363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Irene B. Sørvik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eirik Johansson Solum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nils A. Labba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- PharmaTox Strategic Research Initiative, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond Vidar Hansen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild E. Paulsen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- PharmaTox Strategic Research Initiative, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Graves JS, Henry RG, Cree BAC, Lambert-Messerlian G, Greenblatt RM, Waubant E, Cedars MI, Zhu A, Bacchetti P, Hauser SL, Oksenberg JR. Ovarian aging is associated with gray matter volume and disability in women with MS. Neurology 2017; 90:e254-e260. [PMID: 29273686 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000004843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if ovarian aging as measured by levels of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is associated with pattern of multiple sclerosis (MS) progression in women. METHODS Women with MS and healthy controls were included from a longitudinal research cohort with up to 10 years follow-up. Plasma AMH levels were measured by ELISA for baseline and years 3, 5, and 8-10. Mixed effects logistic and linear regression models were employed, with adjustments for age, disease duration, and other covariables as appropriate. RESULTS AMH levels were similar (0.98-fold difference, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.69-1.37, p = 0.87) in women with MS (n = 412, mean age 42.6 years) and healthy controls (n = 180, mean age 44 years). In a multivariable model of women with MS, including adjustments for age, body mass index, and disease duration, 10-fold lower AMH level was associated with 0.43-higher Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score (95% CI 0.15-0.70, p = 0.003), 0.25-unit worse MS Functional Composite z score (95% CI -0.40 to -0.10, p = 0.0015), and 7.44 mm3 lower cortical gray matter volume (95% CI -14.6 to -0.30; p = 0.041) at baseline. In a multivariable random-intercept-random-slope model using all observations over time, 10-fold decrease in AMH was associated with a 0.27 increase in EDSS (95% CI 0.11-0.43, p = 0.006) and 5.48 mm3 (95% CI 11.3-0.33, p = 0.065) and 4.55 mm3 (95% CI 9.33-0.23, p = 0.062) decreases in total gray and cortical gray matter, respectively. CONCLUSION As a marker of ovarian aging, lower AMH levels were associated with greater disability and gray matter loss in women with MS independent of chronological age and disease duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Graves
- From the Departments of Neurology (J.S.G., R.G.H., B.A.C.C., E.W., A.Z., S.L.H., J.R.O.), Pharmacology (R.M.G.), Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (M.I.C.), and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (P.B.), University of California, San Francisco; and Women and Infants Hospital and the Alpert Medical School at Brown University (G.L.-M.), Providence, RI.
| | - Roland G Henry
- From the Departments of Neurology (J.S.G., R.G.H., B.A.C.C., E.W., A.Z., S.L.H., J.R.O.), Pharmacology (R.M.G.), Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (M.I.C.), and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (P.B.), University of California, San Francisco; and Women and Infants Hospital and the Alpert Medical School at Brown University (G.L.-M.), Providence, RI
| | - Bruce A C Cree
- From the Departments of Neurology (J.S.G., R.G.H., B.A.C.C., E.W., A.Z., S.L.H., J.R.O.), Pharmacology (R.M.G.), Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (M.I.C.), and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (P.B.), University of California, San Francisco; and Women and Infants Hospital and the Alpert Medical School at Brown University (G.L.-M.), Providence, RI
| | - Geralyn Lambert-Messerlian
- From the Departments of Neurology (J.S.G., R.G.H., B.A.C.C., E.W., A.Z., S.L.H., J.R.O.), Pharmacology (R.M.G.), Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (M.I.C.), and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (P.B.), University of California, San Francisco; and Women and Infants Hospital and the Alpert Medical School at Brown University (G.L.-M.), Providence, RI
| | - Ruth M Greenblatt
- From the Departments of Neurology (J.S.G., R.G.H., B.A.C.C., E.W., A.Z., S.L.H., J.R.O.), Pharmacology (R.M.G.), Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (M.I.C.), and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (P.B.), University of California, San Francisco; and Women and Infants Hospital and the Alpert Medical School at Brown University (G.L.-M.), Providence, RI
| | - Emmanuelle Waubant
- From the Departments of Neurology (J.S.G., R.G.H., B.A.C.C., E.W., A.Z., S.L.H., J.R.O.), Pharmacology (R.M.G.), Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (M.I.C.), and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (P.B.), University of California, San Francisco; and Women and Infants Hospital and the Alpert Medical School at Brown University (G.L.-M.), Providence, RI
| | - Marcelle I Cedars
- From the Departments of Neurology (J.S.G., R.G.H., B.A.C.C., E.W., A.Z., S.L.H., J.R.O.), Pharmacology (R.M.G.), Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (M.I.C.), and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (P.B.), University of California, San Francisco; and Women and Infants Hospital and the Alpert Medical School at Brown University (G.L.-M.), Providence, RI
| | - Alyssa Zhu
- From the Departments of Neurology (J.S.G., R.G.H., B.A.C.C., E.W., A.Z., S.L.H., J.R.O.), Pharmacology (R.M.G.), Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (M.I.C.), and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (P.B.), University of California, San Francisco; and Women and Infants Hospital and the Alpert Medical School at Brown University (G.L.-M.), Providence, RI
| | | | - Peter Bacchetti
- From the Departments of Neurology (J.S.G., R.G.H., B.A.C.C., E.W., A.Z., S.L.H., J.R.O.), Pharmacology (R.M.G.), Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (M.I.C.), and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (P.B.), University of California, San Francisco; and Women and Infants Hospital and the Alpert Medical School at Brown University (G.L.-M.), Providence, RI
| | - Stephen L Hauser
- From the Departments of Neurology (J.S.G., R.G.H., B.A.C.C., E.W., A.Z., S.L.H., J.R.O.), Pharmacology (R.M.G.), Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (M.I.C.), and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (P.B.), University of California, San Francisco; and Women and Infants Hospital and the Alpert Medical School at Brown University (G.L.-M.), Providence, RI
| | - Jorge R Oksenberg
- From the Departments of Neurology (J.S.G., R.G.H., B.A.C.C., E.W., A.Z., S.L.H., J.R.O.), Pharmacology (R.M.G.), Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (M.I.C.), and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (P.B.), University of California, San Francisco; and Women and Infants Hospital and the Alpert Medical School at Brown University (G.L.-M.), Providence, RI
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Engler-Chiurazzi EB, Brown CM, Povroznik JM, Simpkins JW. Estrogens as neuroprotectants: Estrogenic actions in the context of cognitive aging and brain injury. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 157:188-211. [PMID: 26891883 PMCID: PMC4985492 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
There is ample empirical evidence to support the notion that the biological impacts of estrogen extend beyond the gonads to other bodily systems, including the brain and behavior. Converging preclinical findings have indicated a neuroprotective role for estrogen in a variety of experimental models of cognitive function and brain insult. However, the surprising null or even detrimental findings of several large clinical trials evaluating the ability of estrogen-containing hormone treatments to protect against age-related brain changes and insults, including cognitive aging and brain injury, led to hesitation by both clinicians and patients in the use of exogenous estrogenic treatments for nervous system outcomes. That estrogen-containing therapies are used by tens of millions of women for a variety of health-related applications across the lifespan has made identifying conditions under which benefits with estrogen treatment will be realized an important public health issue. Here we provide a summary of the biological actions of estrogen and estrogen-containing formulations in the context of aging, cognition, stroke, and traumatic brain injury. We have devoted special attention to highlighting the notion that estrogen appears to be a conditional neuroprotectant whose efficacy is modulated by several interacting factors. By developing criteria standards for desired beneficial peripheral and neuroprotective outcomes among unique patient populations, we can optimize estrogen treatments for attenuating the consequences of, and perhaps even preventing, cognitive aging and brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Engler-Chiurazzi
- Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States.
| | - C M Brown
- Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States; Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States.
| | - J M Povroznik
- Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States; Department of Pediatrics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States.
| | - J W Simpkins
- Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States.
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14
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Sørvik IB, Paulsen RE. High and low concentration of 17α-estradiol protect cerebellar granule neurons in different time windows. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.06.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Bulboacă AE, Bolboacă SD, Bulboacă AC, Prodan CI. Association between low thyroid-stimulating hormone, posterior cortical atrophy and nitro-oxidative stress in elderly patients with cognitive dysfunction. Arch Med Sci 2017; 13:1160-1167. [PMID: 28883858 PMCID: PMC5575209 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2016.60129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cortical atrophy is known to be a valuable sign of cognitive decline. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between low thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), posterior cortical atrophy (Koedam score - KS) and nitro-oxidative stress in elderly patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS A study (SG) and a control group (CG), each subdivided by gender, were investigated. Subjects older than 59 years with low serum TSH level and with mild cognitive impairment were included in the SG. The CG was formed by subjects free of significant cortical atrophy and free or thyroid dysfunction. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients (Mini Mental State Examination, MMSE), Koedam score on cranial magnetic resonance imaging, and blood parameters (TSH, FT4, and nitric oxide - NOx) were assessed. RESULTS Subjects in the study group had fewer years of education above the 8th grade compared with the control group (p < 0.0001). A significantly higher percentage of subjects in the study group had a Koedam score of 2 or 3 compared with controls, who had in the majority of cases a Koedam score of zero (p < 0.02). Significantly higher NOx levels were observed when study groups of both genders were compared with corresponding controls (p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed with regard to FT4 (p > 0.70). Nitric oxide was found to be significantly associated with TSH (p < 0.03) and KS (p < 0.002) when the whole study group was considered as well as when just the non-smoker study group was investigated. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed an association between subclinical thyroid hypofunction, nitro-oxidative stress, and posterior cortical atrophy as an early stage of global atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana E. Bulboacă
- Department of Pathophysiology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sorana D. Bolboacă
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Angelo C. Bulboacă
- Department of Neurology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Călin I. Prodan
- Department of Neurology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center & VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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16
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Raghava N, Das BC, Ray SK. Neuroprotective effects of estrogen in CNS injuries: insights from animal models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 6:15-29. [PMID: 28845391 PMCID: PMC5567743 DOI: 10.2147/nan.s105134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Among the estrogens that are biosynthesized in the human body, 17β-estradiol (estradiol or E2) is the most common and the best estrogen for neuroprotection in animal models of the central nervous system (CNS) injuries such as spinal cord injury (SCI), traumatic brain injury (TBI), and ischemic brain injury (IBI). These CNS injuries are not only serious health problems, but also enormous economic burden on the patients, their families, and the society at large. Studies from animal models of these CNS injuries provide insights into the multiple neuroprotective mechanisms of E2 and also suggest the possibility of translating the therapeutic efficacy of E2 in the treatment SCI, TBI, and IBI in humans in the near future. The pathophysiology of these injuries includes loss of motor function in the limbs, arms and their extremities, cognitive deficit, and many other serious consequences including life-threatening paralysis, infection, and even death. The potential application of E2 therapy to treat the CNS injuries may become a trend as the results are showing significant therapeutic benefits of E2 for neuroprotection when administered into the animal models of SCI, TBI, and IBI. This article describes the plausible mechanisms how E2 works with or without the involvement of estrogen receptors and provides an overview of the known neuroprotective effects of E2 in these three CNS injuries in different animal models. Because activation of estrogen receptors has profound implications in maintaining and also affecting normal physiology, there are notable impediments in translating E2 therapy to the clinics for neuroprotection in CNS injuries in humans. While E2 may not yet be the sole molecule for the treatment of CNS injuries due to the controversies surrounding it, the neuroprotective effects of its metabolite and derivative or combination of E2 with another therapeutic agent are showing significant impacts in animal models that can potentially shape the new treatment strategies for these CNS injuries in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayan Raghava
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Bhaskar C Das
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Swapan K Ray
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
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17
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Lopez Sanchez M, Crowston J, Mackey D, Trounce I. Emerging Mitochondrial Therapeutic Targets in Optic Neuropathies. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 165:132-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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18
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Gonadal hormone modulation of intracellular calcium as a mechanism of neuroprotection. Front Neuroendocrinol 2016; 42:40-52. [PMID: 26930421 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hormones have wide-ranging effects throughout the nervous system, including the ability interact with and modulate many aspects of intracellular calcium regulation and calcium signaling. Indeed, these interactions specifically may help to explain the often opposing or paradoxical effects of hormones, such as their ability to both promote and prevent neuronal cell death during development, as well as reduce or exacerbate damage following an insult or injury in adulthood. Here, we review the basic mechanisms underlying intracellular calcium regulation-perhaps the most dynamic and flexible of all signaling molecules-and discuss how gonadal hormones might manipulate these mechanisms to coordinate diverse cellular responses and achieve disparate outcomes. Additional future research that specifically addresses questions of sex and hormone effects on calcium signaling at different ages will be critical to understanding hormone-mediated neuroprotection.
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Prokai-Tatrai K, Nguyen V, Prokai L. Non-Feminizing Estrogens Do Not Exhibit Antidepressant-like Activity. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS AND DRUG RESEARCH 2016; 1:1-6. [PMID: 28239683 PMCID: PMC5321232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this exploratory study, we performed an evaluation of non-feminizing estrogens as lead compounds for the safe treatment of menopausal symptoms. Despite confirming an enhancement of antioxidant potency as a consequence of increased lipophilicity of the prototype structures, our analyses have revealed serious shortcomings regarding pharmaceutically important properties and drug-likeness. In addition, our assessment in an animal model of estrogen deprivation has confirmed that genomic mechanisms are required for the alleviation of menopause-associated depression. Therefore, non-feminizing estrogens are not suitable to fulfill their implicated premise to address unmet needs to treat neurological and psychiatric conditions associated with estrogen deprivation of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Prokai-Tatrai
- Center for Neuroscience Discovery, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Vien Nguyen
- Center for Neuroscience Discovery, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Laszlo Prokai
- Center for Neuroscience Discovery, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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Elkahloun AG, Hafko R, Saavedra JM. An integrative genome-wide transcriptome reveals that candesartan is neuroprotective and a candidate therapeutic for Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2016; 8:5. [PMID: 26822027 PMCID: PMC4731966 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-015-0167-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease is the most frequent age-related dementia, and is currently without treatment. To identify possible targets for early therapeutic intervention we focused on glutamate excitotoxicity, a major early pathogenic factor, and the effects of candesartan, an angiotensin receptor blocker of neuroprotective efficacy in cell cultures and rodent models of Alzheimer's disease. The overall goal of the study was to determine whether gene analysis of drug effects in a primary neuronal culture correlate with alterations in gene expression in Alzheimer's disease, thus providing further preclinical evidence of beneficial therapeutic effects. METHODS Primary neuronal cultures were treated with candesartan at neuroprotective concentrations followed by excitotoxic glutamate amounts. We performed genome-wide expression profile analysis and data evaluation by ingenuity pathway analysis and gene set enrichment analysis, compared with alterations in gene expression from two independent published datasets identified by microarray analysis of postmortem hippocampus from Alzheimer's disease patients. Preferential expression in cerebrovascular endothelial cells or neurons was analyzed by comparison to published gene expression in these cells isolated from human cortex by laser capture microdissection. RESULTS Candesartan prevented glutamate upregulation or downregulation of several hundred genes in our cultures. Ingenuity pathway analysis and gene set enrichment analysis revealed that inflammation, cardiovascular disease and diabetes signal transduction pathways and amyloid β metabolism were major components of the neuronal response to glutamate excitotoxicity. Further analysis showed associations of glutamate-induced changes in the expression of several hundred genes, normalized by candesartan, with similar alterations observed in hippocampus from Alzheimer's disease patients. Gene analysis of neurons and cerebrovascular endothelial cells obtained by laser capture microdissection revealed that genes up- and downregulated by glutamate were preferentially expressed in endothelial cells and neurons, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our data may be interpreted as evidence of direct candesartan neuroprotection beyond its effects on blood pressure, revealing common and novel disease mechanisms that may underlie the in vitro gene alterations reported here and glutamate-induced cell injury in Alzheimer's disease. Our observations provide novel evidence for candesartan neuroprotection through early molecular mechanisms of injury in Alzheimer's disease, supporting testing this compound in controlled clinical studies in the early stages of the illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel G Elkahloun
- Comparative genomics and Cancer Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Roman Hafko
- Section on Pharmacology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Juan M Saavedra
- Section on Pharmacology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, SE402 Med/Dent, 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
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21
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Guo JJ, Yang DP, Tian X, Vemuri VK, Yin D, Li C, Duclos RI, Shen L, Ma X, Janero DR, Makriyannis A. 17β-estradiol (E2) in membranes: Orientation and dynamic properties. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1858:344-53. [PMID: 26607010 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Non-genomic membrane effects of estrogens are of great interest because of the diverse biological activities they may elicit. To further our understanding of the molecular features of the interaction between estrogenic hormones and membrane bilayers, we have determined the preferred orientation, location, and dynamic properties of 17β-estradiol (E2) in two different phospholipid membrane environments using (2)H-NMR and 2D (1)H-(13)C HSQC in conjunction with molecular dynamics simulations. Unequivocal spectral assignments to specific (2)H labels were made possible by synthesizing six selectively deuterated E2 molecules. The data allow us to conclude that the E2 molecule adopts a nearly "horizontal" orientation in the membrane bilayer with its long axis essentially perpendicular to the lipid acyl-chains. All four rings of the E2 molecule are located near the membrane interface, allowing both the E2 3-OH and the 17β-OH groups to engage in hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions with polar phospholipid groups. The findings augment our knowledge of the molecular interactions between E2 and membrane bilayer and highlight the asymmetric nature of the dynamic motions of the rigid E2 molecule in a membrane environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J Guo
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115-5000, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115-5000, USA.
| | - De-Ping Yang
- Physics Department, College of the Holy Cross, 1 College Street, Worcester, MA 01610, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Tian
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115-5000, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115-5000, USA
| | - V Kiran Vemuri
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115-5000, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115-5000, USA
| | - Dali Yin
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115-5000, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115-5000, USA
| | - Chen Li
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115-5000, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115-5000, USA
| | - Richard I Duclos
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115-5000, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115-5000, USA
| | - Lingling Shen
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115-5000, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115-5000, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115-5000, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115-5000, USA
| | - David R Janero
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115-5000, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115-5000, USA
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115-5000, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115-5000, USA.
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Chakrabarti M, Haque A, Banik NL, Nagarkatti P, Nagarkatti M, Ray SK. Estrogen receptor agonists for attenuation of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Brain Res Bull 2014; 109:22-31. [PMID: 25245209 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent results from laboratory investigations and clinical trials indicate important roles for estrogen receptor (ER) agonists in protecting the central nervous system (CNS) from noxious consequences of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Neurodegenerative processes in several CNS disorders including spinal cord injury (SCI), multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are associated with activation of microglia and astrocytes, which drive the resident neuroinflammatory response. During neurodegenerative processes, activated microglia and astrocytes cause deleterious effects on surrounding neurons. The inhibitory activity of ER agonists on microglia activation might be a beneficial therapeutic option for delaying the onset or progression of neurodegenerative injuries and diseases. Recent studies suggest that ER agonists can provide neuroprotection by modulation of cell survival mechanisms, synaptic reorganization, regenerative responses to axonal injury, and neurogenesis process. The anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective actions of ER agonists are mediated mainly via two ERs known as ERα and ERβ. Although some studies have suggested that ER agonists may be deleterious to some neuronal populations, the potential clinical benefits of ER agonists for augmenting cognitive function may triumph over the associated side effects. Also, understanding the modulatory activities of ER agonists on inflammatory pathways will possibly lead to the development of selective anti-inflammatory molecules with neuroprotective roles in different CNS disorders such as SCI, MS, PD, and AD in humans. Future studies should be concentrated on finding the most plausible molecular pathways for enhancing protective functions of ER agonists in treating neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative injuries and diseases in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinmay Chakrabarti
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Azizul Haque
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Naren L Banik
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Prakash Nagarkatti
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Swapan K Ray
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Columbia, SC 29209, USA.
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