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Choi SH, Pan E, Elliott A, Beltran H, Panian J, Jamieson C, Bagrodia A, Rose B, Herchenhorn D, Heath E, Nabhan C, Antonarakis ES, McKay RR. Characterization of Wnt Signaling Pathway Aberrations in Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2024; 22:920-931. [PMID: 38912907 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-24-0395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Wnt (wingless-type) signaling pathway (WSP) alterations have been identified in patients with prostate cancer and are implicated in disease progression and hormonal resistance. In this study, we utilized a multi-institutional dataset to characterize molecular alterations in the canonical and noncanonical WSPs in prostate cancer. Patients with prostate cancer who underwent tissue-based genomic sequencing were investigated. Tumors with somatic activating mutations in CTNNB1 or RSPO2 or inactivating mutations in either APC or RNF43 were characterized as having aberrant canonical Wnt signaling (WSP-activated). Overall survival analyses were restricted to microsatellite-stable (MSS) tumors lacking RNF43 G659fs* mutations. We also investigated noncanonical WSP by evaluation of ROR1, ROR2, and WNT5 in WSP-activated versus WSP wild-type (WSP-WT) tumors. Of 4,138 prostate cancer samples, 3,684 were MSS. Among MSS tumors, 42.4% were from metastatic sites, of which 19.1% were WSP activated, and 57.6% were from the prostate, of which 10.1% were WSP activated. WSP-activated tumors were more prevalent in metastatic sites than in primary prostate cancer. WSP-activated prostate cancer exhibited more SPOP mutations and higher expression of canonical WSP activators than WSP-WT tumors. ROR1 gene expression was elevated in WSP-activated tumors from both primary and metastatic sites. M2 macrophages predominated the tumor microenvironment in WSP-activated tumors. There was no significant difference in overall survival between patients with WSP-activated and WSP-WT prostate cancer. WSP-activated prostate cancer demonstrated a more immunosuppressed tumor microenvironment and a pronounced upregulation of ROR1 gene expression, underscoring its potential involvement in the crosstalk between canonical and noncanonical WSPs. Implications: Our findings may provide a rationale for developing novel therapeutic strategies targeting Wnt-activated prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon H Choi
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Elizabeth Pan
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Andrew Elliott
- Department of Medical Affairs and Precision Oncology Alliance, Caris Life Sciences, Phoenix, Arizona
| | | | - Justine Panian
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | | | | | - Brent Rose
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Daniel Herchenhorn
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
- Oncologia D'Or Research Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elisabeth Heath
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Chadi Nabhan
- Department of Medical Affairs and Precision Oncology Alliance, Caris Life Sciences, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Emmanuel S Antonarakis
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Rana R McKay
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
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2
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Jin J, Wang Y, Hu Y. STAMBPL1, transcriptionally regulated by SREBP1, promotes malignant behaviors of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Mol Carcinog 2024. [PMID: 39150093 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. STAM binding protein-like 1 (STAMBPL1), a key member of the COP9 signalosome subunit 5/serine protease 27/proteasome 26S subunit non-ATPase 7 (JAMM) family, is closely associated with tumor development. In this work, data from GSE101728 and GSE84402 chips were analyzed, and STAMBPL1 was selected as the target factor. This study aimed to reveal the potential function of STAMBPL1 in HCC. Clinical results showed that STAMBPL1 was significantly increased in tumor tissues of HCC patients, and its expression was strongly associated with tumor size and TNM stage. Furthermore, STAMBPL1-overexpressed Hep3B2.1-7 cell line or STAMBPL1-silenced SNU-182 cell line were established using lentivirus carrying cDNA encoding STAMBPL1 mRNA or shRNA targeting STAMBPL1, respectively. STAMBPL1-overexpressed cells exhibited a pronounced enhancement of proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Exogenous expression of STAMBPL1 increased the percentage of cells in the S phase and upregulated the expressions of CyclinD1 and Survivin. As expected, STAMBPL1 knockdown exhibited completely opposite effects, resulting in impaired tumorigenicity in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, STAMBPL1 activated Wnt/β-catenin pathway and increased the expression of downstream cancer-promoting genes. Interestingly, we found that STAMBPL1 was transcriptionally regulated by sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), a modulator of lipid metabolism, as evidenced by luciferase reporter and chromatin-immunoprecipitation (Ch-IP) assays. Notably, STAMBPL1 overexpression increased lipid accumulation in HCC cells and xenograft tumors. Totally our findings suggest that STAMBPL1 plays a vital role in the tumorigenicity of HCC cells. Modulation of Wnt/β-catenin and lipid metabolism may contribute to its pro-cancer effects. STAMBPL1 may serve as a therapeutic target of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yihui Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yaoyuan Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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3
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El Menshawe SF, Shalaby K, Elkomy MH, Aboud HM, Ahmed YM, Abdelmeged AA, Elkarmalawy M, Abou Alazayem MA, El Sisi AM. Repurposing celecoxib for colorectal cancer targeting via pH-triggered ultra-elastic nanovesicles: Pronounced efficacy through up-regulation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in DMH-induced tumorigenesis. Int J Pharm X 2024; 7:100225. [PMID: 38230407 PMCID: PMC10788539 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2023.100225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Celecoxib (CLX), a selective inhibitor for cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), has manifested potential activity against diverse types of cancer. However, low bioavailability and cardiovascular side effects remain the major challenges that limit its exploitation. In this work, we developed ultra-elastic nanovesicles (UENVs) with pH-triggered surface charge reversal traits that could efficiently deliver CLX to colorectal segments for snowballed tumor targeting. CLX-UENVs were fabricated via a thin-film hydration approach. The impact of formulation factors (Span 80, Tween 80, and sonication time) on the nanovesicular features was evaluated using Box-Behnken design, and the optimal formulation was computed. The optimum formulation was positively coated with polyethyleneimine (CLX-PEI-UENVs) and then coated with Eudragit S100 (CLX-ES-PEI-UENVs). The activity of the optimized nano-cargo was explored in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colorectal cancer in Wistar rats. Levels of COX-2, Wnt-2 and β-catenin were assessed in rats' colon. The diameter of the optimized CLX-ES-PEI-UENVs formulation was 253.62 nm, with a zeta potential of -23.24 mV, 85.64% entrapment, and 87.20% cumulative release (24 h). ES coating hindered the rapid release of CLX under acidic milieu (stomach and early small intestine) and showed extended release in the colon section. In colonic environments, the ES coating layer was removed due to high pH, and the charge on the nanovesicular corona was shifted from negative to positive. Besides, a pharmacokinetics study revealed that CLX-ES-PEI-UENVs had superior oral bioavailability by 2.13-fold compared with CLX suspension. Collectively, these findings implied that CLX-ES-PEI-UENVs could be a promising colorectal-targeted nanoplatform for effective tumor management through up-regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahira F. El Menshawe
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Khaled Shalaby
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed H. Elkomy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba M. Aboud
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Yasmin M. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | | | - Marwa Elkarmalawy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Manufacturing, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Amani M. El Sisi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Zhang X, Li H, Wang Y, Zhao H, Wang Z, Chan FL. Nuclear receptor NURR1 functions to promote stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer via its targeting of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:234. [PMID: 38531859 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06621-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Dysregulated activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is a frequent or common event during advanced progression of multiple cancers. With this signaling activation, it enhances their tumorigenic growth and facilitates metastasis and therapy resistance. Advances show that this signaling pathway can play dual regulatory roles in the control of cellular processes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stemness in cancer progression. Aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is shown to be common in prostate cancer and also castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, the transcriptional regulators of this pathway in prostate cancer are still not well characterized. NURR1 (NR4A2) is an orphan nuclear receptor and plays an important role in the development of dopaminergic neurons. Previously, we have shown that NURR1 exhibits an upregulation in isolated prostate cancer stem-like cells (PCSCs) and a xenograft model of CRPC. In this study, we further confirmed that NURR1 exhibited an upregulation in prostate cancer and also enhanced expression in prostate cancer cell lines. Functional and molecular analyses showed that NURR1 could act to promote both in vitro (cancer stemness and EMT) and also in vivo oncogenic growth of prostate cancer cells (metastasis and castration resistance) via its direct transactivation of CTNNB1 (β-catenin) and activation of β-catenin to mediate the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Moreover, we also demonstrated that NURR1 activity in prostate cancer cells could be modulated by small molecules, implicating that NURR1 could be a potential therapeutic target for advanced prostate cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Haolong Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Urology, The People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, 518109, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuliang Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhu Wang
- Department of Urology, The People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, 518109, Guangdong, China.
| | - Franky Leung Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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5
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Piątkowska D, Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska A, Kosińska A, Wujec R, Grzanka D, Durślewicz J. Ubiquitin B, Ubiquitin C, and β-Catenin as Promising Diagnostic and Prognostic Tools in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:902. [PMID: 38473264 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is a major global public health concern, imposing a significant burden on men and ranking as the second most prevalent malignancy. This study delves into the intricate world of ubiquitination processes and expression regulation, with a specific focus on understanding the roles of ubiquitin B (UBB), ubiquitin C (UBC), and β-Catenin in PC development. We thoroughly analyze the expression profiles of UBB, UBC, and β-Catenin, investigating their interactions and associations with clinical and histopathological data. These findings offer valuable insights into their potential as robust prognostic markers and their significance for patient survival. Our research uncovers the upregulation of UBB and UBC expression in PC tissues, and an even more pronounced expression in lymph node metastases, highlighting their pivotal roles in PC progression. Moreover, we identify a compelling correlation between high UBB and UBC levels and diminished overall survival in PC patients, emphasizing their clinical relevance. Additionally, we observe a significant reduction in membranous β-Catenin expression in PC tissues. Importantly, abnormal β-Catenin expression is strongly associated with shorter survival in PC patients and serves as a significant, independent prognostic factor for patient outcomes. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicates that patients with tumors characterized by simultaneous UBB and aberrant β-Catenin expression exhibit the poorest overall survival. These collective insights underline the clinical importance of evaluating UBB, UBC, and β-Catenin as combined prognostic markers in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Piątkowska
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anna Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Alicja Kosińska
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Radosław Wujec
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dariusz Grzanka
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Justyna Durślewicz
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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6
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Kazmi I, Altamimi ASA, Afzal M, Majami AA, AlGhamdi AS, Alkinani KB, Abbasi FA, Almalki WH, Alzera SI, Kukreti N, Fuloria NK, Sekar M, Abida. The emerging role of non-coding RNAs in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in Prostate Cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 254:155134. [PMID: 38277746 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is an important worldwide medical concern, necessitating a greater understanding of the molecular processes driving its development. The Wnt/-catenin signaling cascade is established as a central player in PCa pathogenesis, and recent research emphasizes the critical involvement of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in this scenario. This in-depth study seeks to give a thorough examination of the complex relationship between ncRNAs and the Wnt/β-catenin system in PCa. NcRNAs, such as circular RNAs (circRNAs), long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs), have been recognized as essential regulators that modulate numerous facets of the Wnt/β-catenin network. MiRNAs have been recognized as targeting vital elements of the process, either enhancing or inhibiting signaling, depending on their specific roles and targets. LncRNAs participate in fine-tuning the Wnt/β-catenin network as a result of complicated interplay with both upstream and downstream elements. CircRNAs, despite being a relatively recent addition to the ncRNA family, have been implicated in PCa, influencing the Wnt/β-catenin cascade through diverse mechanisms. This article encompasses recent advances in our comprehension of specific ncRNAs that participate in the Wnt/β-catenin network, their functional roles, and clinical relevance in PCa. We investigate their use as screening and predictive indicators, and targets for treatment. Additionally, we delve into the interplay between Wnt/β-catenin and other signaling networks in PCa and the role of ncRNAs within this complex network. As we unveil the intricate regulatory functions of ncRNAs in the Wnt/β-catenin cascade in PCa, we gain valuable insights into the disease's pathogenesis. The implementation of these discoveries in practical applications holds promise for more precise diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted therapeutic approaches, ultimately enhancing the care of PCa patients. This comprehensive review underscores the evolving landscape of ncRNA research in PCa and the potential for innovative interventions in the battle against this formidable malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Majami
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer S AlGhamdi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khadijah B Alkinani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, 21955 Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Al Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I Alzera
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, 72341, Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neelima Kukreti
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | | | - Mahendran Sekar
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abida
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Gorodetska I, Offermann A, Püschel J, Lukiyanchuk V, Gaete D, Kurzyukova A, Freytag V, Haider MT, Fjeldbo CS, Di Gaetano S, Schwarz FM, Patil S, Borkowetz A, Erb HHH, Baniahmad A, Mircetic J, Lyng H, Löck S, Linge A, Lange T, Knopf F, Wielockx B, Krause M, Perner S, Dubrovska A. ALDH1A1 drives prostate cancer metastases and radioresistance by interplay with AR- and RAR-dependent transcription. Theranostics 2024; 14:714-737. [PMID: 38169509 PMCID: PMC10758061 DOI: 10.7150/thno.88057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Current therapies for metastatic osseous disease frequently fail to provide a durable treatment response. To date, there are only limited therapeutic options for metastatic prostate cancer, the mechanisms that drive the survival of metastasis-initiating cells are poorly characterized, and reliable prognostic markers are missing. A high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity has been long considered a marker of cancer stem cells (CSC). Our study characterized a differential role of ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A3 genes as regulators of prostate cancer progression and metastatic growth. Methods: By genetic silencing of ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A3 in vitro, in xenografted zebrafish and murine models, and by comparative immunohistochemical analyses of benign, primary tumor, and metastatic specimens from patients with prostate cancer, we demonstrated that ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A3 maintain the CSC phenotype and radioresistance and regulate bone metastasis-initiating cells. We have validated ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A3 as potential biomarkers of clinical outcomes in the independent cohorts of patients with PCa. Furthermore, by RNAseq, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), and biostatistics analyses, we suggested the molecular mechanisms explaining the role of ALDH1A1 in PCa progression. Results: We found that aldehyde dehydrogenase protein ALDH1A1 positively regulates tumor cell survival in circulation, extravasation, and metastatic dissemination, whereas ALDH1A3 plays the opposite role. ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A3 are differentially expressed in metastatic tumors of patients with prostate cancer, and their expression levels oppositely correlate with clinical outcomes. Prostate cancer progression is associated with the increasing interplay of ALDH1A1 with androgen receptor (AR) and retinoid receptor (RAR) transcriptional programs. Polo-like kinase 3 (PLK3) was identified as a transcriptional target oppositely regulated by ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A3 genes in RAR and AR-dependent manner. PLK3 contributes to the control of prostate cancer cell proliferation, migration, DNA repair, and radioresistance. ALDH1A1 gain in prostate cancer bone metastases is associated with high PLK3 expression. Conclusion: This report provides the first evidence that ALDH1A1 and PLK3 could serve as biomarkers to predict metastatic dissemination and radiotherapy resistance in patients with prostate cancer and could be potential therapeutic targets to eliminate metastasis-initiating and radioresistant tumor cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ielizaveta Gorodetska
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anne Offermann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany; Pathology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Jakob Püschel
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vasyl Lukiyanchuk
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Diana Gaete
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anastasia Kurzyukova
- Technische Universität Dresden, CRTD - Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vera Freytag
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Marie-Therese Haider
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | | | - Simona Di Gaetano
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Franziska Maria Schwarz
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shivaprasad Patil
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angelika Borkowetz
- Department of Urology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Holger H H Erb
- Department of Urology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Aria Baniahmad
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Jovan Mircetic
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heidi Lyng
- Department of Radiation Biology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Steffen Löck
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), partner site Dresden: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Annett Linge
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), partner site Dresden: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tobias Lange
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy I, Cancer Center Central Germany, Jena, University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Franziska Knopf
- Technische Universität Dresden, CRTD - Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ben Wielockx
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mechthild Krause
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), partner site Dresden: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sven Perner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany; Pathology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), partner site Dresden: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
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8
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Chen J, Zhao Y, Wang X, Zang L, Yin D, Tan S. Hyperoside Inhibits RNF8-mediated Nuclear Translocation of β-catenin to Repress PD-L1 Expression and Prostate Cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:464-476. [PMID: 38305391 DOI: 10.2174/0118715206289246240110044931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperoside is a flavonol glycoside isolated from Hypericum perforatum L. that has inhibitory effects on cancer cells; however, its effects on prostate cancer (PCa) remain unclear. Therefore, we studied the anti-PCa effects of hyperoside and its underlying mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. AIM This study aimed to explore the mechanism of hyperoside in anti-PCa. METHODS 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-Thiazolyl)-2,5-Diphenyl Tetrazolium Bromide (MTT), transwell, and flow cytometry assays were used to detect PCa cell growth, invasion, and cell apoptosis. Immunoblot analysis, immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation, and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) were used to analyze the antitumor mechanism of hyperoside. RESULTS Hyperoside inhibited PCa cell growth, invasion, and cell cycle and induced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, RING finger protein 8 (RNF8), an E3 ligase that assembles K63 polyubiquitination chains, was predicted to be a direct target of hyperoside and was downregulated by hyperoside. Downregulation of RNF8 by hyperoside impeded the nuclear translocation of β-catenin and disrupted the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which reduced the expression of the target genes c-myc, cyclin D1, and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). Decreased PD-L1 levels contributed to induced immunity in Jurkat cells in vitro. Finally, in vivo studies demonstrated that hyperoside significantly reduced tumor size, inhibited PD-L1 and RNF8 expression, and induced apoptosis in tumor tissues of a subcutaneous mouse model. CONCLUSION Hyperoside exerts its anti-PCa effect by reducing RNF8 protein, inhibiting nuclear translocation of β-catenin, and disrupting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, in turn reducing the expression of PD-L1 and improving Jurkat cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Long Zang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Dengke Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Song Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
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9
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Atawia IM, Kushwaha PP, Verma S, Lin S, Shankar E, Abdel-Gawad O, Gupta S. Inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin pathway overcomes therapeutic resistance to abiraterone in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Mol Carcinog 2023; 62:1312-1324. [PMID: 37232341 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Abiraterone acetate has been clinically approved for the treatment of patients with advanced-stage prostate cancer. It reduces testosterone production by blocking the enzyme cytochrome P450 17 alpha-hydroxylase. Despite improved survival outcomes with abiraterone, almost all patients develop therapeutic resistance and disease recurrence, progressing to a more aggressive and lethal phenotype. Bioinformatics analyses predicted activation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin and involvement of stem cell plasticity in abiraterone-resistant prostate cancer. Increased expression of androgen receptor (AR) and β-catenin and their crosstalk causes activation of AR target genes and regulatory networks for which overcoming acquired resistance remains a major challenge. Here we show that co-treatment with abiraterone and ICG001, a β-catenin inhibitor, overcomes therapeutic resistance and significantly inhibited markers of stem cell and cellular proliferation in abiraterone-resistant prostate cancer cells. Importantly, this combined treatment abrogated the association between AR and β-catenin; diminished SOX9 expression from the complex more prominently in abiraterone-resistant cells. In addition, combined treatment inhibited tumor growth in an in vivo abiraterone-resistant xenograft model, blocked stemness, migration, invasion, and colony formation ability of cancer cells. This study opens new therapeutic opportunity for advanced-stage castration-resistant prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim M Atawia
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Urology, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Prem P Kushwaha
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, The Urology Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Shiv Verma
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, The Urology Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Spencer Lin
- College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Eswar Shankar
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, The Urology Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, The Urology Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of General Medical Sciences, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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10
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Zhou Y, Li T, Jia M, Dai R, Wang R. The Molecular Biology of Prostate Cancer Stem Cells: From the Past to the Future. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087482. [PMID: 37108647 PMCID: PMC10140972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) continues to rank as the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in western countries, despite the golden treatment using androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) or anti-androgen therapy. With decades of research, scientists have gradually realized that the existence of prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) successfully explains tumor recurrence, metastasis and therapeutic failure of PCa. Theoretically, eradication of this small population may improve the efficacy of current therapeutic approaches and prolong PCa survival. However, several characteristics of PCSCs make their diminishment extremely challenging: inherent resistance to anti-androgen and chemotherapy treatment, over-activation of the survival pathway, adaptation to tumor micro-environments, escape from immune attack and being easier to metastasize. For this end, a better understanding of PCSC biology at the molecular level will definitely inspire us to develop PCSC targeted approaches. In this review, we comprehensively summarize signaling pathways responsible for homeostatic regulation of PCSCs and discuss how to eliminate these fractional cells in clinical practice. Overall, this study deeply pinpoints PCSC biology at the molecular level and provides us some research perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Man Jia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Rongyang Dai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Ronghao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
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11
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Naghizadeh MM, Bakhshandeh B, Noorbakhsh F, Yaghmaie M, Masoudi-Nejad A. Rewiring of miRNA-mRNA bipartite co-expression network as a novel way to understand the prostate cancer related players. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37018429 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2023.2187268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
The differential expression and direct targeting of mRNA by miRNA are two main logics of the traditional approach to constructing the miRNA-mRNA network. This approach, could be led to the loss of considerable information and some challenges of direct targeting. To avoid these problems, we analyzed the rewiring network and constructed two miRNA-mRNA expression bipartite networks for both normal and primary prostate cancer tissue obtained from PRAD-TCGA. We then calculated beta-coefficient of the regression-model when miR was dependent and mRNA independent for each miR and mRNA and separately in both networks. We defined the rewired edges as a significant change in the regression coefficient between normal and cancer states. The rewired nodes through multinomial distribution were defined and network from rewired edges and nodes was analyzed and enriched. Of the 306 rewired edges, 112(37%) were new, 123(40%) were lost, 44(14%) were strengthened, and 27(9%) weakened connections were discovered. The highest centrality of 106 rewired mRNAs belonged to PGM5, BOD1L1, C1S, SEPG, TMEFF2, and CSNK2A1. The highest centrality of 68 rewired miRs belonged to miR-181d, miR-4677, miR-4662a, miR-9.3, and miR-1301. SMAD and beta-catenin binding were enriched as molecular functions. The regulation was a frequently repeated concept in the biological process. Our rewiring analysis highlighted the impact of β-catenin and SMAD signaling as also some transcript factors like TGFB1I1 in prostate cancer progression. Altogether, we developed a miRNA-mRNA co-expression bipartite network to identify the hidden aspects of the prostate cancer mechanism, which traditional analysis -like differential expression- was not detect it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehdi Naghizadeh
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Bakhshandeh
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshid Noorbakhsh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Yaghmaie
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Institute for Oncology, Hematology and Cell Therapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Masoudi-Nejad
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Wang K, Ma F, Arai S, Wang Y, Varkaris A, Poluben L, Voznesensky O, Xie F, Zhang X, Yuan X, Balk SP. WNT5a Signaling through ROR2 Activates the Hippo Pathway to Suppress YAP1 Activity and Tumor Growth. Cancer Res 2023; 83:1016-1030. [PMID: 36622276 PMCID: PMC10073315 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-3003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Noncanonical Wnt signaling by WNT5a has oncogenic and tumor suppressive activities, but downstream pathways mediating these specific effects remain to be fully established. In a subset of prostate cancer organoid culture and xenograft models, inhibition of Wnt synthesis stimulated growth, whereas WNT5a or a WNT5a mimetic peptide (Foxy5) markedly suppressed tumor growth. WNT5a caused a ROR2-dependent decrease in YAP1 activity, which was associated with increased phosphorylation of MST1/2, LATS1, MOB1, and YAP1, indicating Hippo pathway activation. Deletion of MST1/2 abrogated the WNT5a response. WNT5a similarly activated Hippo in ROR2-expressing melanoma cells, whereas WNT5a in ROR2-negative cells suppressed Hippo. This suppression was associated with increased inhibitory phosphorylation of NF2/Merlin that was not observed in ROR2-expressing cells. WNT5a also increased mRNA encoding Hippo pathway components including MST1 and MST2 and was positively correlated with these components in prostate cancer clinical datasets. Conversely, ROR2 and WNT5a expression was stimulated by YAP1, and correlated with increased YAP1 activity in clinical datasets, revealing a WNT5a/ROR2 negative feedback loop to modulate YAP1 activity. Together these findings identify Hippo pathway activation as a mechanism that mediates the tumor suppressive effects of WNT5a and indicate that expression of ROR2 may be a predictive biomarker for responsiveness to WNT5a-mimetic drugs. SIGNIFICANCE WNT5a signaling through ROR2 activates the Hippo pathway to downregulate YAP1/TAZ activity and suppress tumor growth, identifying ROR2 as a potential biomarker to identify patients that could benefit from WNT5a-related agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshan Wang
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Fen Ma
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Seiji Arai
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Urology, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yun Wang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR, China
| | - Andreas Varkaris
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Larysa Poluben
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Olga Voznesensky
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Fang Xie
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Steven P. Balk
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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13
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Kim W, Yeo DY, Choi SK, Kim HY, Lee SW, Ashim J, Han JE, Yu W, Jeong H, Park JK, Park S. NOLC1 knockdown suppresses prostate cancer progressions by reducing AKT phosphorylation and β-catenin accumulation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 635:99-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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14
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Maurya SK, Fatma H, Maurya AK, Mishra N, Siddique HR. Role of lupeol in chemosensitizing therapy-resistant prostate cancer cells by targeting MYC, β-catenin and c-FLIP: in silico and in vitro studies. In Silico Pharmacol 2022; 10:16. [PMID: 36072559 PMCID: PMC9441409 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-022-00131-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (CaP) is one of the most frequent malignancies amongst men. Enzalutamide is the second-generation potent androgen receptor (AR) antagonist used against metastatic and non-metastatic CaP. Unfortunately, the development of chemoresistance in cancer cells reduces the effectiveness of Enzalutamide. Lupeol is a pentacyclic triterpene found in different fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants and possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. Here, we report in silico and in vitro studies of Lupeol and Enzalutamide against the β-CATENIN, c-FLIPL, and c-MYC, which play a significant role in chemoresistance. We observed that Lupeol significantly inhibits the cell growth of chemoresistant Du145 cells and cancer stem cells (CSCs) either alone or in combination with Enzalutamide. Lupeol and Enzalutamide were also found to dock with β-CATENIN, c-FLIPL, and c-MYC. The following MD simulation data showed both compounds exerting structural changes in these proteins. Finally, they significantly inhibit the transcriptional activity of all these genes, as observed by luciferase assay. Thus, we infer that Lupeol chemosensitizes the CaP cells for Enzalutamide-resistant CaP cells. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar Maurya
- Molecular Cancer Genetics and Translational Research Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 UP India
| | - Homa Fatma
- Molecular Cancer Genetics and Translational Research Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 UP India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Maurya
- Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211015 UP India
| | - Nidhi Mishra
- Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211015 UP India
| | - Hifzur R. Siddique
- Molecular Cancer Genetics and Translational Research Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 UP India
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15
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Dual contribution of the mTOR pathway and of the metabolism of amino acids in prostate cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 45:831-859. [PMID: 36036882 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00706-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the leading cause of cancer in men, and its incidence increases with age. Among other risk factors, pre-existing metabolic diseases have been recently linked with prostate cancer, and our current knowledge recognizes prostate cancer as a condition with important metabolic anomalies as well. In malignancies, metabolic disorders are commonly associated with aberrations in mTOR, which is the master regulator of protein synthesis and energetic homeostasis. Although there are reports demonstrating the high dependency of prostate cancer cells for lipid derivatives and even for carbohydrates, the understanding regarding amino acids, and the relationship with the mTOR pathway ultimately resulting in metabolic aberrations, is still scarce. CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES In this review, we briefly provide evidence supporting prostate cancer as a metabolic disease, and discuss what is known about mTOR signaling and prostate cancer. Next, we emphasized on the amino acids glutamine, leucine, serine, glycine, sarcosine, proline and arginine, commonly related to prostate cancer, to explore the alterations in their regulatory pathways and to link them with the associated metabolic reprogramming events seen in prostate cancer. Finally, we display potential therapeutic strategies for targeting mTOR and the referred amino acids, as experimental approaches to selectively attack prostate cancer cells.
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16
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Guo X, Ma R, Wang M, Wui-Man Lau B, Chen X, Li Y. Novel perspectives on the therapeutic role of cryptotanshinone in the management of stem cell behaviors for high-incidence diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:971444. [PMID: 36046823 PMCID: PMC9420941 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.971444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptotanshinone (CTS), a diterpenoid quinone, is found mostly in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (S. miltiorrhiza) and plays a crucial role in many cellular processes, such as cell proliferation/self-renewal, differentiation and apoptosis. In particular, CTS’s profound physiological impact on various stem cell populations and their maintenance and fate determination could improve the efficiency and accuracy of stem cell therapy for high-incidence disease. However, as much promise CTS holds, these CTS-mediated processes are complex and multifactorial and many of the underlying mechanisms as well as their clinical significance for high-incidence diseases are not yet fully understood. This review aims to shed light on the impact and mechanisms of CTS on the actions of diverse stem cells and the involvement of CTS in the many processes of stem cell behavior and provide new insights for the application of CTS and stem cell therapy in treating high-incidence diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruishuang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Benson Wui-Man Lau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaopeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaopeng Chen, ; Yue Li,
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaopeng Chen, ; Yue Li,
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17
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Advances in the Current Understanding of the Mechanisms Governing the Acquisition of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153744. [PMID: 35954408 PMCID: PMC9367587 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite aggressive treatment and androgen-deprivation therapy, most prostate cancer patients ultimately develop castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which is associated with high mortality rates. However, the mechanisms governing the development of CRPC are poorly understood, and androgen receptor (AR) signaling has been shown to be important in CRPC through AR gene mutations, gene overexpression, co-regulatory factors, AR shear variants, and androgen resynthesis. A growing number of non-AR pathways have also been shown to influence the CRPC progression, including the Wnt and Hh pathways. Moreover, non-coding RNAs have been identified as important regulators of the CRPC pathogenesis. The present review provides an overview of the relevant literature pertaining to the mechanisms governing the molecular acquisition of castration resistance in prostate cancer, providing a foundation for future, targeted therapeutic efforts.
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18
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Kushwaha PP, Verma S, Kumar S, Gupta S. Role of prostate cancer stem-like cells in the development of antiandrogen resistance. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2022; 5:459-471. [PMID: 35800367 PMCID: PMC9255247 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2022.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the standard of care treatment for advance stage prostate cancer. Treatment with ADT develops resistance in multiple ways leading to the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Present research establishes that prostate cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) play a central role in the development of treatment resistance followed by disease progression. Prostate CSCs are capable of self-renewal, differentiation, and regenerating tumor heterogeneity. The stemness properties in prostate CSCs arise due to various factors such as androgen receptor mutation and variants, epigenetic and genetic modifications leading to alteration in the tumor microenvironment, changes in ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, and adaptations in molecular signaling pathways. ADT reprograms prostate tumor cellular machinery leading to the expression of various stem cell markers such as Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family Member A1 (ALDH1A1), Prominin 1 (PROM1/CD133), Indian blood group (CD44), SRY-Box Transcription Factor 2 (Sox2), POU Class 5 Homeobox 1(POU5F1/Oct4), Nanog and ABC transporters. These markers indicate enhanced self-renewal and stemness stimulating CRPC evolution, metastatic colonization, and resistance to antiandrogens. In this review, we discuss the role of ADT in prostate CSCs differentiation and acquisition of CRPC, their isolation, identification and characterization, as well as the factors and pathways contributing to CSCs expansion and therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Prakash Kushwaha
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Shiv Verma
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Shashank Kumar
- Molecular Signaling and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,Divison of General Medical Sciences, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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19
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Ma F, Arai S, Wang K, Calagua C, Yuan AR, Poluben L, Gu Z, Russo JW, Einstein DJ, Ye H, He MX, Liu Y, Van Allen E, Sowalsky AG, Bhasin MK, Yuan X, Balk SP. Autocrine Canonical Wnt Signaling Primes Noncanonical Signaling through ROR1 in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Cancer Res 2022; 82:1518-1533. [PMID: 35131873 PMCID: PMC9018564 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-1807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling driven by genomic alterations in genes including APC and CTNNB, which encodes β-catenin, have been implicated in prostate cancer development and progression to metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, nongenomic drivers and downstream effectors of Wnt signaling in prostate cancer and the therapeutic potential of targeting this pathway in prostate cancer have not been fully established. Here we analyzed Wnt/β-catenin signaling in prostate cancer and identified effectors distinct from those found in other tissues, including aryl hydrocarbon receptor and RUNX1, which are linked to stem cell maintenance, and ROR1, a noncanonical Wnt5a coreceptor. Wnt/β-catenin signaling-mediated increases in ROR1 enhanced noncanonical responses to Wnt5a. Regarding upstream drivers, APC genomic loss, but not its epigenetic downregulation commonly observed in prostate cancer, was strongly associated with Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation in clinical samples. Tumor cell upregulation of the Wnt transporter Wntless (WLS) was strongly associated with Wnt/β-catenin pathway activity in primary prostate cancer but also associated with both canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling in mCRPC. IHC confirmed tumor cell WLS expression in primary prostate cancer and mCRPC, and patient-derived prostate cancer xenografts expressing WLS were responsive to treatment with Wnt synthesis inhibitor ETC-1922159. These findings reveal that Wnt/β-catenin signaling in prostate cancer drives stem cell maintenance and invasion and primes for noncanonical Wnt signaling through ROR1. They further show that autocrine Wnt production is a nongenomic driver of canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling in prostate cancer, which can be targeted with Wnt synthesis inhibitors to suppress tumor growth. SIGNIFICANCE This work provides fundamental insights into Wnt signaling and prostate cancer cell biology and indicates that a subset of prostate cancer driven by autocrine Wnt signaling is sensitive to Wnt synthesis inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Ma
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Seiji Arai
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Urology, Gunma University Hospital; Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Keshan Wang
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Carla Calagua
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Amanda R. Yuan
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Larysa Poluben
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Zhongkai Gu
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Joshua W. Russo
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - David J. Einstein
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Huihui Ye
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Pathology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Meng Xiao He
- Harvard Graduate Program in Biophysics, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Boston, MA 02115
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT; Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Program in System Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School; Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Eliezer Van Allen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Boston, MA 02115
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT; Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Adam G. Sowalsky
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Manoj K. Bhasin
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biomedical Informatics, Emory School of Medicine; Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Xin Yuan
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Steven P. Balk
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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20
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Lee S, Mendoza TR, Burner DN, Muldong MT, Wu CCN, Arreola-Villanueva C, Zuniga A, Greenburg O, Zhu WY, Murtadha J, Koutouan E, Pineda N, Pham H, Kang SG, Kim HT, Pineda G, Lennon KM, Cacalano NA, Jamieson CHM, Kane CJ, Kulidjian AA, Gaasterland T, Jamieson CAM. Novel Dormancy Mechanism of Castration Resistance in Bone Metastatic Prostate Cancer Organoids. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063203. [PMID: 35328625 PMCID: PMC8952299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced prostate cancer (PCa) patients with bone metastases are treated with androgen pathway directed therapy (APDT). However, this treatment invariably fails and the cancer becomes castration resistant. To elucidate resistance mechanisms and to provide a more predictive pre-clinical research platform reflecting tumor heterogeneity, we established organoids from a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model of bone metastatic prostate cancer, PCSD1. APDT-resistant PDX-derived organoids (PDOs) emerged when cultured without androgen or with the anti-androgen, enzalutamide. Transcriptomics revealed up-regulation of neurogenic and steroidogenic genes and down-regulation of DNA repair, cell cycle, circadian pathways and the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 host viral entry factors, ACE2 and TMPRSS2. Time course analysis of the cell cycle in live cells revealed that enzalutamide induced a gradual transition into a reversible dormant state as shown here for the first time at the single cell level in the context of multi-cellular, 3D living organoids using the Fucci2BL fluorescent live cell cycle tracker system. We show here a new mechanism of castration resistance in which enzalutamide induced dormancy and novel basal-luminal-like cells in bone metastatic prostate cancer organoids. These PDX organoids can be used to develop therapies targeting dormant APDT-resistant cells and host factors required for SARS-CoV-2 viral entry.
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MESH Headings
- Androgens/pharmacology
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/genetics
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism
- Animals
- Benzamides/pharmacology
- Bone Neoplasms/genetics
- Bone Neoplasms/metabolism
- Bone Neoplasms/secondary
- COVID-19/genetics
- COVID-19/metabolism
- COVID-19/virology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Gene Expression Profiling/methods
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Nitriles/pharmacology
- Organoids/metabolism
- Phenylthiohydantoin/pharmacology
- Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/metabolism
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/pathology
- Receptors, Virus/genetics
- Receptors, Virus/metabolism
- SARS-CoV-2/metabolism
- SARS-CoV-2/physiology
- Serine Endopeptidases/genetics
- Serine Endopeptidases/metabolism
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Virus Internalization
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghee Lee
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.L.); (T.R.M.); (D.N.B.); (M.T.M.); (C.A.-V.); (A.Z.); (O.G.); (W.Y.Z.); (J.M.); (E.K.); (N.P.); (H.P.); (C.J.K.)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.C.N.W.); (C.H.M.J.)
- Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Theresa R. Mendoza
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.L.); (T.R.M.); (D.N.B.); (M.T.M.); (C.A.-V.); (A.Z.); (O.G.); (W.Y.Z.); (J.M.); (E.K.); (N.P.); (H.P.); (C.J.K.)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.C.N.W.); (C.H.M.J.)
| | - Danielle N. Burner
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.L.); (T.R.M.); (D.N.B.); (M.T.M.); (C.A.-V.); (A.Z.); (O.G.); (W.Y.Z.); (J.M.); (E.K.); (N.P.); (H.P.); (C.J.K.)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.C.N.W.); (C.H.M.J.)
| | - Michelle T. Muldong
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.L.); (T.R.M.); (D.N.B.); (M.T.M.); (C.A.-V.); (A.Z.); (O.G.); (W.Y.Z.); (J.M.); (E.K.); (N.P.); (H.P.); (C.J.K.)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.C.N.W.); (C.H.M.J.)
| | - Christina C. N. Wu
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.C.N.W.); (C.H.M.J.)
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (G.P.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Catalina Arreola-Villanueva
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.L.); (T.R.M.); (D.N.B.); (M.T.M.); (C.A.-V.); (A.Z.); (O.G.); (W.Y.Z.); (J.M.); (E.K.); (N.P.); (H.P.); (C.J.K.)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.C.N.W.); (C.H.M.J.)
| | - Abril Zuniga
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.L.); (T.R.M.); (D.N.B.); (M.T.M.); (C.A.-V.); (A.Z.); (O.G.); (W.Y.Z.); (J.M.); (E.K.); (N.P.); (H.P.); (C.J.K.)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.C.N.W.); (C.H.M.J.)
| | - Olga Greenburg
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.L.); (T.R.M.); (D.N.B.); (M.T.M.); (C.A.-V.); (A.Z.); (O.G.); (W.Y.Z.); (J.M.); (E.K.); (N.P.); (H.P.); (C.J.K.)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.C.N.W.); (C.H.M.J.)
| | - William Y. Zhu
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.L.); (T.R.M.); (D.N.B.); (M.T.M.); (C.A.-V.); (A.Z.); (O.G.); (W.Y.Z.); (J.M.); (E.K.); (N.P.); (H.P.); (C.J.K.)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.C.N.W.); (C.H.M.J.)
| | - Jamillah Murtadha
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.L.); (T.R.M.); (D.N.B.); (M.T.M.); (C.A.-V.); (A.Z.); (O.G.); (W.Y.Z.); (J.M.); (E.K.); (N.P.); (H.P.); (C.J.K.)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.C.N.W.); (C.H.M.J.)
| | - Evodie Koutouan
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.L.); (T.R.M.); (D.N.B.); (M.T.M.); (C.A.-V.); (A.Z.); (O.G.); (W.Y.Z.); (J.M.); (E.K.); (N.P.); (H.P.); (C.J.K.)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.C.N.W.); (C.H.M.J.)
| | - Naomi Pineda
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.L.); (T.R.M.); (D.N.B.); (M.T.M.); (C.A.-V.); (A.Z.); (O.G.); (W.Y.Z.); (J.M.); (E.K.); (N.P.); (H.P.); (C.J.K.)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.C.N.W.); (C.H.M.J.)
| | - Hao Pham
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.L.); (T.R.M.); (D.N.B.); (M.T.M.); (C.A.-V.); (A.Z.); (O.G.); (W.Y.Z.); (J.M.); (E.K.); (N.P.); (H.P.); (C.J.K.)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.C.N.W.); (C.H.M.J.)
| | - Sung-Gu Kang
- Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Hyun Tae Kim
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea;
| | - Gabriel Pineda
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (G.P.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Kathleen M. Lennon
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (G.P.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Nicholas A. Cacalano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Catriona H. M. Jamieson
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.C.N.W.); (C.H.M.J.)
- Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Christopher J. Kane
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.L.); (T.R.M.); (D.N.B.); (M.T.M.); (C.A.-V.); (A.Z.); (O.G.); (W.Y.Z.); (J.M.); (E.K.); (N.P.); (H.P.); (C.J.K.)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.C.N.W.); (C.H.M.J.)
| | | | - Terry Gaasterland
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christina A. M. Jamieson
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.L.); (T.R.M.); (D.N.B.); (M.T.M.); (C.A.-V.); (A.Z.); (O.G.); (W.Y.Z.); (J.M.); (E.K.); (N.P.); (H.P.); (C.J.K.)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.C.N.W.); (C.H.M.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-858-534-2921
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21
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Koushyar S, Meniel VS, Phesse TJ, Pearson HB. Exploring the Wnt Pathway as a Therapeutic Target for Prostate Cancer. Biomolecules 2022; 12:309. [PMID: 35204808 PMCID: PMC8869457 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the Wnt pathway is emerging as a frequent event during prostate cancer that can facilitate tumor formation, progression, and therapeutic resistance. Recent discoveries indicate that targeting the Wnt pathway to treat prostate cancer may be efficacious. However, the functional consequence of activating the Wnt pathway during the different stages of prostate cancer progression remains unclear. Preclinical work investigating the efficacy of targeting Wnt signaling for the treatment of prostate cancer, both in primary and metastatic lesions, and improving our molecular understanding of treatment responses is crucial to identifying effective treatment strategies and biomarkers that help guide treatment decisions and improve patient care. In this review, we outline the type of genetic alterations that lead to activated Wnt signaling in prostate cancer, highlight the range of laboratory models used to study the role of Wnt genetic drivers in prostate cancer, and discuss new mechanistic insights into how the Wnt cascade facilitates prostate cancer growth, metastasis, and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Koushyar
- The European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; (S.K.); (V.S.M.)
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston Upon Thames KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Valerie S. Meniel
- The European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; (S.K.); (V.S.M.)
| | - Toby J. Phesse
- The European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; (S.K.); (V.S.M.)
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - Helen B. Pearson
- The European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; (S.K.); (V.S.M.)
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22
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Qiu T, Zhang D, Xu J, Li X, Wang D, Zhao F, Qian Y, Xu J, Xu T, Zhang H, Chen X. Yes-associated protein gene overexpression regulated by β-catenin promotes gastric cancer cell tumorigenesi. Technol Health Care 2022; 30:425-440. [PMID: 35124617 PMCID: PMC9028613 DOI: 10.3233/thc-thc228039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Yes-associated protein (YAP) has been reported to act as a candidate human oncogene and played a critical role in the development of multiple cancer types. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the expression, function, and underlying mechanisms of YAP in gastric cancer (GC). METHODS: Expression levels of YAP in gastric tissues were tested. CCK8 assay, clonogenic assay, apoptosis assay, transwell assay, cell scratch assay and animal study were conducted to explore the function of YAP. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay and luciferase reporter assay were performed to explore the underlying mechanism. Survival analysis was carried out to reveal the relationship between YAP and clinical outcome. RESULTS: YAP was upregulated in gastric cancer tissues and correlates with poor prognosis. YAP could promote GC cells proliferation, metastatic capacity, inhibit GC cells apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Bothβ-catenin and YAP were mainly localized withi the tumor cell nuclei. β-catenincould upregulate YAP expression by binding to the promotor region of YAP. Patients with both YAP and β-catenin negetive expression had a better prognosis than others. CONCLUSIONS: YAP overexpression is driven by aberrant Wnt β-catenin signalingand then contributed to the GC tumorigenesis and progression. Thus, YAP might be a potential target for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhu Qiu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Diancai Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Deqiang Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengjiao Zhao
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingying Qian
- Department of Respiratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tongpeng Xu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Oncology, PuKou Branch Hospital of Jiangsu Province Hospital (NanJing PuKou Central Hospital), Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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23
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Corti M, Lorenzetti S, Ubaldi A, Zilli R, Marcoccia D. Endocrine Disruptors and Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1216. [PMID: 35163140 PMCID: PMC8835300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of endocrine disruptors (EDs) in the human prostate gland is an overlooked issue even though the prostate is essential for male fertility. From experimental models, it is known that EDs can influence several molecular mechanisms involved in prostate homeostasis and diseases, including prostate cancer (PCa), one of the most common cancers in the male, whose onset and progression is characterized by the deregulation of several cellular pathways including androgen receptor (AR) signaling. The prostate gland essentiality relies on its function to produce and secrete the prostatic fluid, a component of the seminal fluid, needed to keep alive and functional sperms upon ejaculation. In physiological condition, in the prostate epithelium the more-active androgen, the 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), formed from testosterone (T) by the 5α-reductase enzyme (SRD5A), binds to AR and, upon homodimerization and nuclear translocation, recognizes the promoter of target genes modulating them. In pathological conditions, AR mutations and/or less specific AR binding by ligands modulate differently targeted genes leading to an altered regulation of cell proliferation and triggering PCa onset and development. EDs acting on the AR-dependent signaling within the prostate gland can contribute to the PCa onset and to exacerbating its development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Corti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana, Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (A.U.); (R.Z.)
| | - Stefano Lorenzetti
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Ubaldi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana, Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (A.U.); (R.Z.)
| | - Romano Zilli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana, Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (A.U.); (R.Z.)
| | - Daniele Marcoccia
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana, Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (A.U.); (R.Z.)
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24
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Ikeuchi W, Wakita Y, Zhang G, Li C, Itakura K, Yamakawa T. AT-rich interaction domain 5A regulates the transcription of interleukin-6 gene in prostate cancer cells. Prostate 2022; 82:97-106. [PMID: 34633095 PMCID: PMC8665135 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine that confers androgen-independence and aggressiveness in prostate cancer (PCa); however, the molecular mechanisms regulating IL-6 expression remain unclear. The expression of ARID5A, an AT-rich interaction domain (ARID) DNA-binding motif-containing transcription factor is positively correlated with IL-6 expression in human PCa. We, therefore, hypothesized that ARID5A could regulate IL-6 expression in PCa. METHODS The relationship between ARID5A and IL-6 in PCa patients was analyzed using statistical analyses of multiple clinical microarray data sets. To investigate whether ARID5A regulates IL-6 expression, CRISPR-driven ARID5A knockout clones were established in DU145 and PC-3 cells. RESULTS Analysis of three microarray data sets showed a positive correlation between ARID5A and IL-6 expression. The expression of IL-6 in ARID5A knockout clones was significantly reduced compared with control clones in both PCa cell lines. Knockout of ARID5A did not result in any loss of IL-6 mRNA stability. Instead, we observed a significant decrease in the occupancy of both active RNA Polymerase II and the active histone mark, H3K4me3 at the IL-6 transcriptional start site in ARID5A knockout PCa cells, suggesting a role for transcriptional regulation. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that loss of ARID5A downregulates the expression of IL-6 at the transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Ikeuchi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Yuriko Wakita
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Guoxiang Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Keiichi Itakura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Takahiro Yamakawa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
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Androgen receptor and MYC equilibration centralizes on developmental super-enhancer. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7308. [PMID: 34911936 PMCID: PMC8674345 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27077-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) in prostate cancer (PCa) can drive transcriptional repression of multiple genes including MYC, and supraphysiological androgen is effective in some patients. Here, we show that this repression is independent of AR chromatin binding and driven by coactivator redistribution, and through chromatin conformation capture methods show disruption of the interaction between the MYC super-enhancer within the PCAT1 gene and the MYC promoter. Conversely, androgen deprivation in vitro and in vivo increases MYC expression. In parallel, global AR activity is suppressed by MYC overexpression, consistent with coactivator redistribution. These suppressive effects of AR and MYC are mitigated at shared AR/MYC binding sites, which also have markedly higher levels of H3K27 acetylation, indicating enrichment for functional enhancers. These findings demonstrate an intricate balance between AR and MYC, and indicate that increased MYC in response to androgen deprivation contributes to castration-resistant PCa, while decreased MYC may contribute to responses to supraphysiological androgen therapy. Androgen receptor in prostate cancer (PCa) transcriptionally represses multiple genes including MYC. Here, the authors suggest that increased MYC in response to androgen deprivation contributes to castration-resistant PCa, while decreased MYC may contribute to responses to supraphysiological androgen therapy.
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Xueqin T, Jinhong M, Yuping H. Inhibin subunit beta A promotes cell proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Bioengineered 2021; 12:11567-11575. [PMID: 34889158 PMCID: PMC8809907 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1971028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has demonstrated that inhibin subunit beta A (INHBA) is dysregulated and plays a critical role in various cancers. With the development of sequencing technology, studies have discovered that INHBA is overexpressed in breast cancer tissues. However, the biological roles of INHBA in breast cancer are still far to clear. In the present study, we analyzed the INHBA expression in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was conducted to assess the expression of INHBA in breast cancer cell lines. Cell proliferation, invasion and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) were determined by using CCK-8, EdU, Transwell and western blot assays. The result showed that INHBA was highly expressed in breast cancer cell lines. Functional analysis revealed that silence or elevation of INHBA inhibited or promoted the proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related markers of MCF-7 cells. Mechanically, blocking of Wnt/β-catenin pathway by XAV939 reversed the promotion effect of INHBA overexpression on breast cancer cells’ proliferation, migration and invasion. Our findings emphasized that INHBA may act as an oncogene via activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which may provide a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xueqin
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Mei Jinhong
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Huang Yuping
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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Luo F, Su Y, Zhang Z, Li J. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells promote the progression of prostate cancer through the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in vivo and vitro. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 24:892-901. [PMID: 34855138 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02740-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in the process of BMMSC homing in prostate cancer (PCa) in vivo and in vitro. METHODS After verification of BMMSCs, we fixed the concentration gradient of SDF-1 for BMMSC cultivation to analyze CXCR4 expression by qRT-PCR and flow cytometric analysis. Furthermore, we developed a non-contact co-culture system and explored the participation of the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in PCa using qRT-PCR, flow cytometry, and ELISA. In addition, A green fluorescent protein (GFP)-transplanted methylnitrosourea (MNU)-induced PCa mouse model was established to investigate the CXCR4 expression in vivo. RESULTS The CXCR4 expression was up-regulated with the increase in SDF-1 concentrations, and elevated SDF-1 had a significant promoting effect on cell proliferation and migration in BMMSCs. Moreover, the CXCR4 expression of BMMSCs was significantly increased in the non-contact co-culture model with vascular endothelial cells (VECs), and analysis of this model also showed that the proliferation and migration of BMMSCs were promoted in the presence of VECs. The ELISA assay showed that the SDF-1 levels in the co-culture model at 48 h were significantly increased. Twenty of the GFP-transplanted mice were divided into a PCa group and a control group, and four GFP-transplanted mice were observed to have prostate tumorigenesis. It also showed that CXCR4 was obviously increased in the prostate tissue of PCa mice. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that BMMSCs could home and promote the proliferation and migration of PCa through the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Luo
- The Institute of Translational Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Y Su
- The Institute of Translational Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Z Zhang
- The Institute of Translational Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - J Li
- The Institute of Translational Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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28
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Wang C, Chen Q, Xu H. Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction pathway in prostate cancer and associated drug resistance. Discov Oncol 2021; 12:40. [PMID: 35201496 PMCID: PMC8777554 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-021-00433-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, prostate cancer ranks second in cancer burden of the men. It occurs more frequently in black men compared to white or Asian men. Usually, high rates exist for men aged 60 and above. In this review, we focus on the Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction pathway in prostate cancer since many studies have reported that β-catenin can function as an oncogene and is important in Wnt signaling. We also relate its expression to the androgen receptor and MMP-7 protein, both critical to prostate cancer pathogenesis. Some mutations in the androgen receptor also impact the androgen-β-catenin axis and hence, lead to the progression of prostate cancer. We have also reviewed MiRNAs that modulate this pathway in prostate cancer. Finally, we have summarized the impact of Wnt/β-catenin pathway proteins in the drug resistance of prostate cancer as it is a challenging facet of therapy development due to the complexity of signaling pathways interaction and cross-talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Wang
- Urology Department, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Huachao Xu
- Department of Urologic Oncology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.
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29
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Li LY, Yang JF, Rong F, Luo ZP, Hu S, Fang H, Wu Y, Yao R, Kong WH, Feng XW, Chen BJ, Li J, Xu T. ZEB1 serves an oncogenic role in the tumourigenesis of HCC by promoting cell proliferation, migration, and inhibiting apoptosis via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1676-1689. [PMID: 33514855 PMCID: PMC8463676 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00575-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1), a functional protein of zinc finger family, was aberrant expressed in many kinds of liver disease including hepatic fibrosis and Hepatitis C virus. Bioinformatics results showed that ZEB1 was abnormally expressed in HCC tissues. However, to date, the potential regulatory role and molecular mechanisms of ZEB1 are still unclear in the occurrence and development of HCC. This study demonstrated that the expression level of ZEB1 was significantly elevated both in liver tissues of HCC patients and cell lines (HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells). Moreover, ZEB1 could promote the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells. On the downstream regulation mechanism, ZEB1 could activate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by upregulating the protein expression levels of β-catenin, c-Myc, and cyclin D1. Novel studies showed that miR-708 particularly targeted ZEB1 3'-UTR regions and inhibited the HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, results of nude mice experiments of HCC model indicated that miR-708 could inhibit tumor growth and xenograft metastasis model was established to validate that miR-708 could inhibit HCC cell metastasis through tail-vein injection in vivo. Together, the study suggested that ZEB1 modulated by miR-708 might be a potential therapeutic target for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Yun Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jun-Fa Yang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Fan Rong
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Lujiang County People's Hospital of Anhui Province, Hefei, 231500, China
| | - Zhi-Pan Luo
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Shuang Hu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Hui Fang
- Department of Pharmocology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Ying Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Rui Yao
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Wei-Hao Kong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Feng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Bang-Jie Chen
- First Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jun Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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30
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Tan GG, Xu C, Zhong WK, Wang CY. miR-184 delays cell proliferation, migration and invasion in prostate cancer by directly suppressing DLX1. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1163. [PMID: 34504608 PMCID: PMC8393589 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of previous studies have reported that dysregulated miR-184 expression is associated with the development of cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of miR-184 in prostate cancer (PC) and the mechanism underlying its effects. Data from human tumor tissue samples were collected from The CEancer Genome Atlas to determine the expression levels of miR-184 and DLX1. The miR-184 mimic and pcDNA3.1-DLX1 plasmid were utilized to induce overexpression of miR-184 and DLX1 in Du145 cells, respectively. Cell Counting Kit-8, wound healing and Transwell assays were performed to examine the effects of miR-184 on the aggressiveness of PC cells. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was used to investigate the association between miR-184 and DLX1, and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analyses were utilized to determine the mRNA and protein levels. miR-184 expression was found to be downregulated whereas DLX1 was upregulated in PC tissues compared with normal prostate tissues. Cell propagation, migration and invasion were all inhibited by miR-184 upregulation in Du145 cells. Dual luciferase reporter assay confirmed the association between miR-184 and DLX1. The inhibitory effect of miR-184 mimic on cell behaviors was reversed by upregulation of DLX1. These findings suggest that miR-184 plays a beneficial role in suppressing the tumorigenesis of PC by directly targeting DLX1, and it may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Geng Tan
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272100, P.R. China
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Urology, Yanzhou People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272100, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Kang Zhong
- Operating Room Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272100, P.R. China
| | - Chuan-Yun Wang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
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31
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Wang Z, Zhao T, Zhang S, Wang J, Chen Y, Zhao H, Yang Y, Shi S, Chen Q, Liu K. The Wnt signaling pathway in tumorigenesis, pharmacological targets, and drug development for cancer therapy. Biomark Res 2021; 9:68. [PMID: 34488905 PMCID: PMC8422786 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00323-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling was initially recognized to be vital for tissue development and homeostasis maintenance. Further studies revealed that this pathway is also important for tumorigenesis and progression. Abnormal expression of signaling components through gene mutation or epigenetic regulation is closely associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis in several tissues. Additionally, Wnt signaling also influences the tumor microenvironment and immune response. Some strategies and drugs have been proposed to target this pathway, such as blocking receptors/ligands, targeting intracellular molecules, beta-catenin/TCF4 complex and its downstream target genes, or tumor microenvironment and immune response. Here we discuss the roles of these components in Wnt signaling pathway in tumorigenesis and cancer progression, the underlying mechanisms that is responsible for the activation of Wnt signaling, and a series of drugs targeting the Wnt pathway provide multiple therapeutic values. Although some of these drugs exhibit exciting anti-cancer effect, clinical trials and systematic evaluation should be strictly performed along with multiple-omics technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wang
- Central Laboratory, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, P. R. China.,School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, P. R. China.,School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, P. R. China
| | - Shihui Zhang
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH164UU, UK
| | - Junkai Wang
- Central Laboratory, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, P. R. China
| | - Yunyun Chen
- Central Laboratory, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, P. R. China.,School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, P. R. China
| | - Hongzhou Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, P. R. China.,School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, P. R. China
| | - Yaxin Yang
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Songlin Shi
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China
| | - Kuancan Liu
- Central Laboratory, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, P. R. China. .,School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, P. R. China.
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Androgen Receptor-Mediated Nuclear Transport of NRDP1 in Prostate Cancer Cells Is Associated with Worse Patient Outcomes. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174425. [PMID: 34503235 PMCID: PMC8430998 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary NRDP1 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that has been shown by our group and others to target ErbB3 for proteasomal degradation in prostate and breast cancer cells and thereby decrease the likelihood cancer progression. Our group has found that NRDP1 can be located in the nucleus as well as the cytoplasm of prostate cancer (CaP) cells, which is unexpected as NRDP1 lacks a nuclear localization signal. Here we elucidate the mechanism by which nuclear translocation of NRDP1 can occur and demonstrate that nuclear NRDP1 retains its ubiquitin ligase activity. Our patient data and cell line studies indicate that increased levels of nuclear NRDP1 contributes CaP progression, thereby underscoring the clinical relevance of our findings and supporting continued investigation and elucidation of the specific role(s) played by NRDP1 in the nucleus of CaP cells. Abstract To our knowledge, our group is the first to demonstrate that NRDP1 is located in the nucleus as well as the cytoplasm of CaP cells. Subcellular fractionation, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence analysis combined with confocal microscopy were used to validate this finding. Subcellular fractionation followed by western blot analysis revealed a strong association between AR and NRDP1 localization when AR expression and/or cellular localization was manipulated via treatment with R1881, AR-specific siRNA, or enzalutamide. Transfection of LNCaP with various NRDP1 and AR constructs followed by immunoprecipitation confirmed binding of NRDP1 to AR is possible and determined that binding requires the hinge region of AR. Co-transfection with NRDP1 constructs and HA-ubiquitin followed by subcellular fractionation confirmed that nuclear NRDP1 retains its ubiquitin ligase activity. We also show that increased nuclear NRDP1 is associated with PSA recurrence in CaP patients (n = 162, odds ratio; 1.238, p = 0.007) and that higher levels of nuclear NRDP1 are found in castration resistant cell lines (CWR22Rv1 and PC3) compared to androgen sensitive cell lines (LNCaP and MDA-PCa-3B). The combined data indicate that NRDP1 plays a role in mediating CaP progression and supports further investigation of both the mechanism by which nuclear transport occurs and the identification of specific nuclear targets.
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Ma S, Quan P, Yu C, Fan X, Yang S, Jia W, Zhang L, Wang F, Liu F, Yang L, Qin W, Yang X. PHLDA3 exerts an antitumor function in prostate cancer by down-regulating Wnt/β-catenin pathway via inhibition of Akt. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 571:66-73. [PMID: 34303965 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pleckstrin homology-like domain family A, member 3 (PHLDA3) is a novel tumor-related protein that mediates carcinogenesis of multiple cancers. However, the relevance of PHLDA3 in prostate cancer has not been explored. The purpose of this work was to illustrate the possible roles and mechanisms of PHLDA3 in prostate cancer. Our data showed strikingly lower abundance of PHLDA3 in prostate cancer, and that low levels of PHLDA3 in prostate cancer patients was associated with reduced survival. PHLDA3 was also weakly expressed in prostate cancer cells, and demethylation treatment dramatically up-regulated the expression level of PHLDA3. Up-regulation of PHLDA3 restrained proliferation, induced G1 cell cycle arrest, suppressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition of prostate cancer cells. In addition, up-regulation of PHLDA3 increased the sensitivity of prostate cancer cells to docetaxel In-depth research into the mechanism elucidated that PHLDA3 overexpression decreased the phosphorylation of Akt and suppressed the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Overexpression of constitutively active Akt strikingly abolished PHLDA3-mediated inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. A xenograft assay revealed that prostate cancer cells with PHLDA3 overexpression displayed reduced tumorigenicity in vivo. Collectively, these data document that PHLDA3 exerts an outstanding cancer-inhibiting role in prostate cancer by down-regulating Wnt/β-catenin pathway via the inhibition of Akt. This work highlights PHLDA3 as a novel anticancer target for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaijun Ma
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Penghe Quan
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Changjiang Yu
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xiaozheng Fan
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Shuhan Yang
- The Santa Catalina School, 1500 Mark Thomas Drive, Monterey, CA, 93940, USA
| | - Weijing Jia
- Department of Hematology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Longlong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Fuli Wang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Weijun Qin
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xiaojian Yang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Shen S, Li J, Huo S, Ma M, Zhu X, Rasam S, Duan X, Qu M, Titus MA, Qu J. Parallel, High-Quality Proteomic and Targeted Metabolomic Quantification Using Laser Capture Microdissected Tissues. Anal Chem 2021; 93:8711-8718. [PMID: 34110778 PMCID: PMC10640922 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative proteomics/metabolomics investigation of laser-capture-microdissection (LCM) cell populations from clinical cohorts affords precise insights into disease/therapeutic mechanisms, nonetheless high-quality quantification remains a prominent challenge. Here, we devised an LC/MS-based approach allowing parallel, robust global-proteomics and targeted-metabolomics quantification from the same LCM samples, using biopsies from prostate cancer (PCa) patients as the model system. The strategy features: (i) an optimized molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) filter-based separation of proteins and small-molecule fractions with high and consistent recoveries; (ii) microscale derivatization and charge-based enrichment for ultrasensitive quantification of key androgens (LOQ = 5 fg/1k cells) with excellent accuracy/precision; (iii) reproducible/precise proteomics quantification with low-missing-data using a detergent-cocktail-based sample preparation and an IonStar pipeline for reproducible and precise protein quantification with excellent data quality. Key parameters enabling robust/reproducible quantification have been meticulously evaluated and optimized, and the results underscored the importance of surveying quantitative performances against key parameters to facilitate fit-for-purpose method development. As a proof-of-concept, high-quality quantification of the proteome and androgens in LCM samples of PCa patient-matched cancerous and benign epithelial/stromal cells was achieved (N = 16), which suggested distinct androgen distribution patterns across cell types and regions, as well as the dysregulated pathways involved in tumor-stroma crosstalk in PCa pathology. This strategy markedly leverages the scope of quantitative-omics investigations using LCM samples, and combining with IonStar, can be readily adapted to larger-cohort clinical analysis. Moreover, the capacity of parallel proteomics/metabolomics quantification permits precise corroboration of regulatory processes on both protein and small-molecule levels, with decreased batch effect and enhanced utilization of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichen Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SUNY-Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214, United States
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SUNY-Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214, United States
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Shihan Huo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SUNY-Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214, United States
| | - Min Ma
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SUNY-Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214, United States
| | - Sailee Rasam
- Department of Biochemistry, SUNY-Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Xiaotao Duan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SUNY-Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214, United States
| | - Miao Qu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Beijing, China 100053
| | - Mark A Titus
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Jun Qu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SUNY-Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214, United States
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
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Liu W, Zhan Z, Zhang M, Sun B, Shi Q, Luo F, Zhang M, Zhang W, Hou Y, Xiao X, Li Y, Feng H. KAT6A, a novel regulator of β-catenin, promotes tumorigenicity and chemoresistance in ovarian cancer by acetylating COP1. Theranostics 2021; 11:6278-6292. [PMID: 33995658 PMCID: PMC8120227 DOI: 10.7150/thno.57455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ovarian cancer is a fatal gynecologic malignancy that is found worldwide and exhibits an insidious onset and a lack of early warning symptoms. Despite ongoing studies, the mechanistic basis of the aggressive phenotypes of ovarian cancer remains unclear. Lysine acetyltransferase 6A (KAT6A) is a MYST-type histone acetyltransferase (HAT) enzyme identified as an oncogene in breast cancer, glioblastoma and leukemia. However, the specific functions of KAT6A in ovarian cancer remain unclear. Methods: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and western blotting were performed to characterize KAT6A protein expression in ovarian cancer tissues and cell lines. The biological functions of KAT6A in ovarian cancer were evaluated by cell proliferation, wound healing and transwell invasion assays in vitro. Tumorigenesis and metastasis assays were performed in nude mice to detect the role of KAT6A in vivo. Mass spectrometry and immunoprecipitation assays were performed to detect the KAT6A-COP1 interaction. An in vivo ubiquitination assay was performed to determine the regulation of β-catenin by KAT6A. Results: In the present study, we revealed that KAT6A expression is upregulated in ovarian cancer and is associated with patient overall survival. Downregulation of KAT6A markedly inhibited the proliferation and migration abilities of ovarian cancer cells in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, the inhibition of KAT6A induced apoptosis and enhanced the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin. Furthermore, KAT6A bound to and acetylated COP1 at K294. The acetylation of COP1 impaired COP1 function as an E3 ubiquitin ligase and led to the accumulation and enhanced activity of β-catenin. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the KAT6A/COP1/β-catenin signaling axis plays a critical role in ovarian cancer progression and that targeting the KAT6A/COP1/β-catenin signaling axis could be a novel strategy for treating ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Zhiyan Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Department of Hematology & Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Meiying Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Bowen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Qiqi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Fei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Mingda Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yanli Hou
- Department of Radiotherapy, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xiuying Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yanxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Department of Hematology & Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Haizhong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
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Wang J, Xie S, Liu J, Li T, Wang W, Xie Z. MicroRNA-4429 suppresses proliferation of prostate cancer cells by targeting distal-less homeobox 1 and inactivating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. BMC Urol 2021; 21:40. [PMID: 33740948 PMCID: PMC7980590 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-021-00810-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) play multiple roles in human cancers through regulating mRNAs and distinct pathways. This paper focused on the functions of miR-4429 in prostate cancer (PCa) progression and the molecules involved. Methods Expression of miR-4429 in PCa tissues and cells was determined. Upregulation of miR-4429 was introduced in PCa cells to examine its role in the malignant behaviors of cells. The putative target mRNA of miR-4429 involved in PCa progression was predicted from a bioinformatic system and validated through luciferase assays. Overexpression of distal-less homeobox 1 (DLX1) was further induced in cells to validate its implication in miR-4429-mediated events. The activity of Wnt/β-catenin pathway was determined. Results miR-4429 was poorly expressed in PCa tissues and cells. Artificial upregulation of miR-4429 significantly reduced proliferation, growth, invasion, migration and resistance to death of cancer cells and inactivated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. DLX1 mRNA was found as a target of miR-4429. Upregulation of DLX1 restored the malignant behaviors of PCa cells which were initially suppressed by miR-4429, and it activated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Conclusion Our study highlights that miR-4429 inhibits the growth of PCa cells by down-regulating DLX1 and inactivating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. This finding may offer novel insights into PCa treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12894-021-00810-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinguo Wang
- Department of Andrology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, No. 39 Chaoyang Middle Road, Maojian District, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Xie
- Department of Andrology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, No. 39 Chaoyang Middle Road, Maojian District, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Andrology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, No. 39 Chaoyang Middle Road, Maojian District, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Andrology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, No. 39 Chaoyang Middle Road, Maojian District, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanrong Wang
- Department of Andrology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, No. 39 Chaoyang Middle Road, Maojian District, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziping Xie
- Department of Andrology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, No. 39 Chaoyang Middle Road, Maojian District, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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Pan K, Lee W, Chou C, Yang Y, Chang Y, Chien M, Hsiao M, Hua K. Direct interaction of β-catenin with nuclear ESM1 supports stemness of metastatic prostate cancer. EMBO J 2021; 40:e105450. [PMID: 33347625 PMCID: PMC7883293 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020105450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling is frequently activated in advanced prostate cancer and contributes to therapy resistance and metastasis. However, activating mutations in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway are not common in prostate cancer, suggesting alternative regulations may exist. Here, we report that the expression of endothelial cell-specific molecule 1 (ESM1), a secretory proteoglycan, is positively associated with prostate cancer stemness and progression by promoting Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Elevated ESM1 expression correlates with poor overall survival and metastasis. Accumulation of nuclear ESM1, instead of cytosolic or secretory ESM1, supports prostate cancer stemness by interacting with the ARM domain of β-catenin to stabilize β-catenin-TCF4 complex and facilitate the transactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling targets. Accordingly, activated β-catenin in turn mediates the nuclear entry of ESM1. Our results establish the significance of mislocalized ESM1 in driving metastasis in prostate cancer by coordinating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, with implications for its potential use as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker and as a candidate therapeutic target in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke‐Fan Pan
- Graduate Institute of ToxicologyCollege of MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Wei‐Jiunn Lee
- Department of UrologySchool of MedicineCollege of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Medical Education and ResearchWan Fang HospitalTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Cancer CenterWan Fang HospitalTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chun‐Chi Chou
- Department of Obstetrics & GynecologyCollege of MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yi‐Chieh Yang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical MedicineCollege of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Medical ResearchTungs’ Taichung Metro Harbor HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | - Yu‐Chan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological ScienceNational Yang‐Ming UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Ming‐Hsien Chien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical MedicineCollege of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Pulmonary Research CenterWan Fang HospitalTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research CenterTaipei Medical University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- The Genomics Research CenterAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Kuo‐Tai Hua
- Graduate Institute of ToxicologyCollege of MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
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van de Stolpe A, Verhaegh W, Blay JY, Ma CX, Pauwels P, Pegram M, Prenen H, De Ruysscher D, Saba NF, Slovin SF, Willard-Gallo K, Husain H. RNA Based Approaches to Profile Oncogenic Pathways From Low Quantity Samples to Drive Precision Oncology Strategies. Front Genet 2021; 11:598118. [PMID: 33613616 PMCID: PMC7893109 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.598118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision treatment of cancer requires knowledge on active tumor driving signal transduction pathways to select the optimal effective targeted treatment. Currently only a subset of patients derive clinical benefit from mutation based targeted treatment, due to intrinsic and acquired drug resistance mechanisms. Phenotypic assays to identify the tumor driving pathway based on protein analysis are difficult to multiplex on routine pathology samples. In contrast, the transcriptome contains information on signaling pathway activity and can complement genomic analyses. Here we present the validation and clinical application of a new knowledge-based mRNA-based diagnostic assay platform (OncoSignal) for measuring activity of relevant signaling pathways simultaneously and quantitatively with high resolution in tissue samples and circulating tumor cells, specifically with very small specimen quantities. The approach uses mRNA levels of a pathway's direct target genes, selected based on literature for multiple proof points, and used as evidence that a pathway is functionally activated. Using these validated target genes, a Bayesian network model has been built and calibrated on mRNA measurements of samples with known pathway status, which is used next to calculate a pathway activity score on individual test samples. Translation to RT-qPCR assays enables broad clinical diagnostic applications, including small analytes. A large number of cancer samples have been analyzed across a variety of cancer histologies and benchmarked across normal controls. Assays have been used to characterize cell types in the cancer cell microenvironment, including immune cells in which activated and immunotolerant states can be distinguished. Results support the expectation that the assays provide information on cancer driving signaling pathways which is difficult to derive from next generation DNA sequencing analysis. Current clinical oncology applications have been complementary to genomic mutation analysis to improve precision medicine: (1) prediction of response and resistance to various therapies, especially targeted therapy and immunotherapy; (2) assessment and monitoring of therapy efficacy; (3) prediction of invasive cancer cell behavior and prognosis; (4) measurement of circulating tumor cells. Preclinical oncology applications lie in a better understanding of cancer behavior across cancer types, and in development of a pathophysiology-based cancer classification for development of novel therapies and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jean-Yves Blay
- Medical Oncology, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Cynthia X. Ma
- Medicine, Division of Oncology, Section of Medical Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Patrick Pauwels
- Molecular Pathology, Centre for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mark Pegram
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Clinical Research, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Hans Prenen
- Oncology Department, Head of Phase I – Early Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Trial Management Program, Oncology Department, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dirk De Ruysscher
- Oncology-Radiotherapy, Maastro/Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Nabil F. Saba
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology Program, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | | | - Hatim Husain
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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In Vitro Hair Dermal Papilla Cells Induction by Fagraea berteroana, a Tree of the Marquesan Cosmetopoeia (French Polynesia). COSMETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics8010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fagraea berteroana is a tree used in traditional medicine in various islands of the South Pacific. Here, we studied its hair growth-inducing properties as suggested by one of its Marquesan ethno-uses in haircare. The ethyl acetate extract of the fruits of F. berteroana (FEAE) and four resulting fractions (FEAE-F0, FEAE-F1, FEAE-F2, and FEAE-F3) were tested on hair follicle dermal papilla cells to determine their cell proliferative activity. Furthermore, RT-qPCR analysis enabled gene modulation analysis, while immunostaining of the β-catenin protein was used to follow protein regulation. We found that the plant extracts induced a controlled, dose-dependent cell proliferation. FEAE-F0 simultaneously down-regulated Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (BMP2) mRNA expression and upregulated Cyclin-D1 (CCND1) gene expression, which suggests an involvement in the regulation of the Wnt and Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGFβ) pathways that control the hair cycle. FEAE-F0 exhibited a 1.34-fold increase of nuclear β-catenin protein. This is indicative of an active hair growth state. Thus, we conclude that FEAE-F0 could be an innovative candidate in hair care, which opens interesting leads to promote the Marquesan cosmetopoeia.
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miR-541-3p enhances the radiosensitivity of prostate cancer cells by inhibiting HSP27 expression and downregulating β-catenin. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:18. [PMID: 33462201 PMCID: PMC7813831 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-00387-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27), a regulator of cell survival, can enhance the resistance of cancer cells to radiotherapy. As microRNA-541-3p (miR-541-3p) was recently predicted to be a putative upstream modulator of HSP27, the present study was designed to investigate the function and mechanism underlying how miR-541-3p modulates the radiosensitivity of prostate cancer (PCa) cells by regulating HSP27. Through quantitative PCR, miR-541-3p was determined to be poorly expressed in PCa tissues relative to normal controls, whereas its expression was enhanced after radiotherapy. Consistently, miR-541-3p expression levels in PCa cells were elevated after radiation. Cell viability and proliferation and apoptosis under radiation were subsequently evaluated in response to loss-of-function of miR-541-3p. It was found that inhibition of miR-541-3p facilitated the viability and proliferation of PCa cells and promoted their apoptosis post radiation, hence reducing the radiosensitivity of LNCaP cells. Dual-luciferase reporter assay identified that miR-541-3p negatively regulated the HSP27 mRNA expression by targeting its 3'-UTR. Meanwhile, miR-541-3p overexpression inhibited the β-catenin expression by targeting HSP27. Furthermore, HSP27 or β-catenin overexpression was noted to significantly reverse the miR-541-3p-mediated changes in the biological functions of PCa cells post radiation, suggesting that HSP27-dependent activation of β-catenin might be the mechanism responsible for the promotive effect of miR-541-3p on radiosensitivity. Collectively, this study suggests that miR-541-3p specifically inhibits the HSP27 expression and downregulates β-catenin, thereby enhancing the radiosensitivity of PCa cells. Our findings highlight the underlying mechanism of the miR-541-3p/HSP27/Wnt/β-catenin axis regarding radiotherapy for PCa.
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Liang F, Zhang H, Cheng D, Gao H, Wang J, Yue J, Zhang N, Wang J, Wang Z, Zhao B. Ablation of LGR4 signaling enhances radiation sensitivity of prostate cancer cells. Life Sci 2020; 265:118737. [PMID: 33171177 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM Our previous study has shown that leucine-rich repeat containing GPCR-4 (LGR4, or GPR48) LGR4 plays a role in cell migration, invasion, proliferation and apoptosis of prostate cancer (PCa). In this study, we aimed to explore whether LGR4 would affect radiation response in PCa. MATERIALS AND METHODS LGR4 expression was silenced by shRNA transfection. qRT-PCR was employed to determine mRNA expression of LGR4 and DNA damage repair genes. Western blot was used to evaluate protein expression of LGR4, RSPO1-4, androgen receptor (AR), cyclic AMP response-element binding protein (CREB1), γH2A.X, and H2A.X. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay and apoptosis was assayed by flow cytometry. Additionally, a xenograft model was also established to validate the role of LGR4 in PCa cells after radiation. KEY FINDINGS LGR4 expression was enhanced in PCa cells by radiation treatment in dose- and time-dependent means. RSPO1-4 were also upregulated post-radiation. Furthermore, LGR4 knockdown exacerbated apoptosis, reduced cell viabilities and strengthened nuclear γH2A.X staining in AR positive PCa cells but not in AR negative cells in the presence of radiation. Likewise, LGR4 ablation diminished AR and CREB1 expression induced by radiation. In contrast, RSPO1 stimulation augmented cell viabilities, promoted AR and CREB1 expression, and upregulated DNA repair gene expression, which could be reversed by enzalutamide, except for AR expression. Additionally, LGR4 knockdown further suppressed tumor growth and AR/CREB1 expression but enhanced γH2A.X expression in xenografts. SIGNIFICANCE In all, our study suggested that LGR4 might serve as an important regulator of radiation sensitivity in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liang
- Department of Oncology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Duo Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Oncology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junyong Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junmin Yue
- Department of Urology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Oncology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyang Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Beibei Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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Verma S, Prajapati KS, Kushwaha PP, Shuaib M, Kumar Singh A, Kumar S, Gupta S. Resistance to second generation antiandrogens in prostate cancer: pathways and mechanisms. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2020; 3:742-761. [PMID: 35582225 PMCID: PMC8992566 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2020.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy targeting the androgens/androgen receptor (AR) signaling continues to be the mainstay treatment of advanced-stage prostate cancer. The use of second-generation antiandrogens, such as abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide, has improved the survival of prostate cancer patients; however, a majority of these patients progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The mechanisms of resistance to antiandrogen treatments are complex, including specific mutations, alternative splicing, and amplification of oncogenic proteins resulting in dysregulation of various signaling pathways. In this review, we focus on the major mechanisms of acquired resistance to second generation antiandrogens, including AR-dependent and AR-independent resistance mechanisms as well as other resistance mechanisms leading to CRPC emergence. Evolving knowledge of resistance mechanisms to AR targeted treatments will lead to additional research on designing more effective therapies for advanced-stage prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Verma
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Kumari Sunita Prajapati
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Microbial Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, India
| | - Prem Prakash Kushwaha
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Microbial Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, India
| | - Mohd Shuaib
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Microbial Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, India
| | - Atul Kumar Singh
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Microbial Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, India
| | - Shashank Kumar
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Microbial Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, India
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Microbial Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, India
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Divison of General Medical Sciences, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Urology, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Shorning BY, Dass MS, Smalley MJ, Pearson HB. The PI3K-AKT-mTOR Pathway and Prostate Cancer: At the Crossroads of AR, MAPK, and WNT Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4507. [PMID: 32630372 PMCID: PMC7350257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (PKB/AKT), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is a frequent event in prostate cancer that facilitates tumor formation, disease progression and therapeutic resistance. Recent discoveries indicate that the complex crosstalk between the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway and multiple interacting cell signaling cascades can further promote prostate cancer progression and influence the sensitivity of prostate cancer cells to PI3K-AKT-mTOR-targeted therapies being explored in the clinic, as well as standard treatment approaches such as androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT). However, the full extent of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling network during prostate tumorigenesis, invasive progression and disease recurrence remains to be determined. In this review, we outline the emerging diversity of the genetic alterations that lead to activated PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling in prostate cancer, and discuss new mechanistic insights into the interplay between the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway and several key interacting oncogenic signaling cascades that can cooperate to facilitate prostate cancer growth and drug-resistance, specifically the androgen receptor (AR), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and WNT signaling cascades. Ultimately, deepening our understanding of the broader PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling network is crucial to aid patient stratification for PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway-directed therapies, and to discover new therapeutic approaches for prostate cancer that improve patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Helen B. Pearson
- The European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, Wales, UK; (B.Y.S.); (M.S.D.); (M.J.S.)
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Meng H, Zhao B, Wang Y. FOXM1-induced upregulation of lncRNA OR3A4 promotes the progression of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 115:104451. [PMID: 32417392 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2020.104451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a leading cause of non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Existing researches have verified that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in the development of DLBCL, nevertheless, whether lncRNA OR3A4 has influences on the progression of DCBCL needs further exploration. In our study, it was revealed that the expression of OR3A4 was upregulated in DLBCL tumors and cell lines, and patients with high OR3A4 expression suffered from poor prognosis. Knockdown of OR3A4 suppressed cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis in DLBCL. Moreover, knockdown of OR3A4 inactivated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and Riluzole treatment could partially rescue the inhibitive effect of OR3A4 silencing on DLBCL cell proliferation. Furthermore, FOXM1 expression was discovered to be upregulated in DLBCL tissues, and it positively modulated the expression of OR3A4 at transcriptional leve. It was also revealed that FOXM1 knockdown inactivated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Finally, rescue assays confirmed that OR3A4 overexpression or the treatment of Riluzole could partially countervail the inhibitive effect of FOXM1 silencing on DLBCL progression. Taken together, FOXM1-induced upregulation of OR3A4 enhances the occurrence of DLBCL via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Meng
- Department of Hematology, Shanxian Central Hospital, Heze 274300, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanxian Central Hospital, Heze 274300, Shandong, China
| | - Yachao Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First People's Hospital of Xianyang, No.10 Biyuan Road, Qin Du District, Xianyang 712000, Shaanxi, China.
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Hu M, Xie J, Liu Z, Wang X, Liu M, Wang J. Comprehensive Analysis Identifying Wnt Ligands Gene Family for Biochemical Recurrence in Prostate Adenocarcinoma and Construction of a Nomogram. J Comput Biol 2020; 27:1656-1667. [PMID: 32298604 DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2019.0397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
There is little research to explore the relationship between Wnt ligands gene family and biochemical recurrence of prostate adenocarcinoma. The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the role of Wnt ligands gene family in biochemical recurrence in prostate adenocarcinoma. RNA-seq transcriptome data and clinicopathological data of 489 prostate adenocarcinoma tissues and 51 nontumor tissues were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. We developed a risk score model with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression algorithm. We used the X-tile program to derive the best threshold for risk scores, dividing patients into high-, intermediate-, and low-risk groups. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed. Nomogram was constructed based on the risk score and clinical features. The risk score = (0.192 × expression level of Wnt9A) + (0.732 × expression level of Wnt8B) + (0.051 × expression level of Wnt7B) + (-0.320 × expression level of Wnt3A). The risk score was an independent prognostic factor, with a hazard ratio of 1.298 (95% confidence interval: 1.046-1.612; p = 0.018). GSEA revealed that the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway of the four selected genes was closely related to malignancy-related biological processes. Nomogram was constructed based on the risk score and clinical features. The C index was 0.719, and the calibration curve showed that the nomogram performed well. In general, we comprehensively evaluated the association between Wnt ligands gene family and biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer. We developed a risk score model based on messenger RNA expression levels of several selected Wnt ligand family genes (Wnt3A, Wnt7B, Wnt8B, and Wnt9A), which was significantly associated with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer. Our results might be helpful for future molecular studies focusing on the biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolin Hu
- Department of Urology, Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangling Xie
- Department of Urology, Qianjiang Central Hospital of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhifeng Liu
- Department of Urology, Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
| | - Jianye Wang
- Department of Urology, Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
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Liu J, Wan Y, Li S, Qiu H, Jiang Y, Ma X, Zhou S, Cheng W. Identification of aberrantly methylated differentially expressed genes and associated pathways in endometrial cancer using integrated bioinformatic analysis. Cancer Med 2020; 9:3522-3536. [PMID: 32170852 PMCID: PMC7221444 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is a fatal female reproductive tumor. Bioinformatic tools are increasingly developed to screen out molecular targets related to EC. In this study, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE17025 and http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE40032 were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). “limma” package and Venn diagram tool were used to identify hub genes. FunRich was used for functional analysis. Retrieval of Interacting Genes Database (STRING) was used to analyze protein‐protein interaction (PPI) complex. Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), GEPIA, immunohistochemistry staining, and ROC curve analysis were carried out for validation. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to predict the risk score. Compound muscle action potential (CMap) was used to find potential drugs. GSEA was also done. We retrieved seven oncogenes which were upregulated and hypomethylated and 12 tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) which were downregulated and hypermethylated. The upregulated and hypomethylated genes were strikingly enriched in term “immune response” while the downregulated and hypermethylated genes were mainly focused on term “aromatic compound catabolic process.” TCGA and GEPIA were used to screen out EDNRB, CDO1, NDN, PLCD1, ROR2, ESPL1, PRAME, and PTTG1. Among them, ESPL1 and ROR2 were identified by Cox regression analysis and were used to construct prognostic risk model. The result showed that ESPL1 was a negative independent prognostic factor. Cmap identified aminoglutethimide, luteolin, sulfadimethoxine, and maprotiline had correlation with EC. GSEA results showed that “hedgehog signaling pathway” was enriched. This research inferred potential aberrantly methylated DEGs and dysregulated pathways may participate in EC development and firstly reported eight hub genes, including EDNRB, CDO1, NDN, PLCD1, ROR2, ESPL1, PRAME, and PTTG1 that could be used to predict EC prognosis. Aminoglutethimide and luteolin may be used to fight against EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- JinHui Liu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - YiCong Wan
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyue Li
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - HuaiDe Qiu
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoling Ma
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - ShuLin Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - WenJun Cheng
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Abd. Wahab NA, H. Lajis N, Abas F, Othman I, Naidu R. Mechanism of Anti-Cancer Activity of Curcumin on Androgen-Dependent and Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer. Nutrients 2020; 12:E679. [PMID: 32131560 PMCID: PMC7146610 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a heterogeneous disease and ranked as the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in males worldwide. The global burden of PCa keeps rising regardless of the emerging cutting-edge technologies for treatment and drug designation. There are a number of treatment options which are effectively treating localised and androgen-dependent PCa (ADPC) through hormonal and surgery treatments. However, over time, these cancerous cells progress to androgen-independent PCa (AIPC) which continuously grow despite hormone depletion. At this particular stage, androgen depletion therapy (ADT) is no longer effective as these cancerous cells are rendered hormone-insensitive and capable of growing in the absence of androgen. AIPC is a lethal type of disease which leads to poor prognosis and is a major contributor to PCa death rates. A natural product-derived compound, curcumin has been identified as a pleiotropic compound which capable of influencing and modulating a diverse range of molecular targets and signalling pathways in order to exhibit its medicinal properties. Due to such multi-targeted behaviour, its benefits are paramount in combating a wide range of diseases including inflammation and cancer disease. Curcumin exhibits anti-cancer properties by suppressing cancer cells growth and survival, inflammation, invasion, cell proliferation as well as possesses the ability to induce apoptosis in malignant cells. In this review, we investigate the mechanism of curcumin by modulating multiple signalling pathways such as androgen receptor (AR) signalling, activating protein-1 (AP-1), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases/the serine/threonine kinase (PI3K/Akt/mTOR), wingless (Wnt)/ß-catenin signalling, and molecular targets including nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and cyclin D1 which are implicated in the development and progression of both types of PCa, ADPC and AIPC. In addition, the role of microRNAs and clinical trials on the anti-cancer effects of curcumin in PCa patients were also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Azwa Abd. Wahab
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia; (N.A.A.W.); (I.O.)
| | - Nordin H. Lajis
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.H.L.); (F.A.)
| | - Faridah Abas
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.H.L.); (F.A.)
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia; (N.A.A.W.); (I.O.)
| | - Rakesh Naidu
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia; (N.A.A.W.); (I.O.)
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Resistance to MET/VEGFR2 Inhibition by Cabozantinib Is Mediated by YAP/TBX5-Dependent Induction of FGFR1 in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010244. [PMID: 31963871 PMCID: PMC7016532 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The overall goal of this study was to elucidate the role of FGFR1 induction in acquired resistance to MET and VEGFR2 inhibition by cabozantinib in prostate cancer (PCa) and leverage this understanding to improve therapy outcomes. The response to cabozantinib was examined in mice bearing patient-derived xenografts in which FGFR1 was overexpressed. Using a variety of cell models that reflect different PCa disease states, the mechanism underpinning FGFR1 signaling activation by cabozantinib was investigated. We performed parallel investigations in specimens from cabozantinib-treated patients to confirm our in vitro and in vivo data. FGFR1 overexpression was sufficient to confer resistance to cabozantinib. Our results demonstrate transcriptional activation of FGF/FGFR1 expression in cabozantinib-resistant models. Further analysis of molecular pathways identified a YAP/TBX5-driven mechanism of FGFR1 and FGF overexpression induced by MET inhibition. Importantly, knockdown of YAP and TBX5 led to decreased FGFR1 protein expression and decreased mRNA levels of FGFR1, FGF1, and FGF2. This association was confirmed in a cohort of hormone-naïve patients with PCa receiving androgen deprivation therapy and cabozantinib, further validating our findings. These findings reveal that the molecular basis of resistance to MET inhibition in PCa is FGFR1 activation through a YAP/TBX5-dependent mechanism. YAP and its downstream target TBX5 represent a crucial mediator in acquired resistance to MET inhibitors. Thus, our studies provide insight into the mechanism of acquired resistance and will guide future development of clinical trials with MET inhibitors.
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Lombardi APG, Vicente CM, Porto CS. Estrogen Receptors Promote Migration, Invasion and Colony Formation of the Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer Cells PC-3 Through β-Catenin Pathway. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:184. [PMID: 32328032 PMCID: PMC7160699 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is initially dependent on the androgen, gradually evolves into an androgen-independent form of the disease, also known as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). At this stage, current therapies scantily improve survival of the patient. Androgens and estrogens are involved in normal prostate and prostate cancer development. The mechanisms by which estrogens/estrogen receptors (ERs) induce prostate cancer and promote prostate cancer progression have not yet been fully identified. Our laboratory has shown that androgen-independent prostate cancer cells PC-3 express both ERα and ERβ. The activation of ERβ increases the expression of β-catenin and proliferation of PC-3 cells. We now report that the activation of ERβ promotes the increase of migration, invasion and anchorage-independent growth of PC-3 cells. Furthermore, the activation of ERα also plays a role in invasion and anchorage-independent growth of PC-3 cells. These effects are blocked by pretreatment with PKF 118-310, compound that disrupts the complex β-catenin/TCF/LEF, suggesting that ERs/β-catenin are involved in all cellular characteristics of tumor development in vitro. Furthermore, PKF 118-310 also inhibited the upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) induced by activation of ERs. VEGF also is involved on invasion of PC-3 cells. In conclusion, this study provides novel insights into the signatures and molecular mechanisms of ERβ in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells PC-3. ERα also plays a role on invasion and colony formation of PC-3 cells.
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50
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Brocca G, Ferraresso S, Zamboni C, Martinez-Merlo EM, Ferro S, Goldschmidt MH, Castagnaro M. Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization Analysis Reveals Significantly Enriched Pathways in Canine Oral Melanoma. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1397. [PMID: 31921654 PMCID: PMC6920211 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Mucosal Melanoma (hMM) is an aggressive neoplasm of neuroectodermal origin with distinctive features from the more common cutaneous form of malignant melanoma (cMM). At the molecular level, hMMs are characterized by large chromosomal aberrations rather than single-nucleotide mutations, typically observed in cMM. Given the scarcity of available cases, there have been many attempts to establish a reliable animal model. In pet dogs, Canine Oral Melanoma (COM) is the most common malignant tumor of the oral cavity, sharing clinical and histological aspects with hMM. To improve the knowledge about COM's genomic DNA alterations, in the present work, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples of COM from different European archives were collected to set up an array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH) analysis to estimate recurrent Copy Number Aberrations (CNAs). DNA was extracted in parallel from tumor and healthy fractions and 19 specimens were successfully submitted to labeling and competitive hybridization. Data were statistically analyzed through GISTIC2.0 and a pathway-enrichment analysis was performed with ClueGO. Recurrent gained regions were detected, affecting chromosomes CFA 10, 13 and 30, while lost regions involved chromosomes CFA 10, 11, 22, and 30. In particular, CFA 13 showed a whole-chromosome gain in 37% of the samples, while CFA 22 showed a whole-chromosome loss in 25%. A distinctive sigmoidal trend was observed in CFA 10 and 30 in 25 and 30% of the samples, respectively. Comparative analysis revealed that COM and hMM share common chromosomal changes in 32 regions. MAPK- and PI3K-related genes were the most frequently involved, while pathway analysis revealed statistically significant perturbation of cancer-related biological processes such as immune response, drug metabolism, melanocytes homeostasis, and neo-angiogenesis. The latter is a new evidence of a significant involvement of neovascularization-related pathways in COMs and can provide the rationale for future application in anti-cancer targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginevra Brocca
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Serena Ferraresso
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Clarissa Zamboni
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Ferro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Michael H Goldschmidt
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Massimo Castagnaro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
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