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Meng JN, Xu ZK, Li PR, Zeng X, Liu Y, Xu ZL, Wang J, Ding Y, Shen X. Universal and Naked-Eye Diagnostic Platform for Emetic Bacillus cereus Based on RPA-Assisted CRISPR/Cas12a. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:8823-8830. [PMID: 38578074 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Emetic Bacillus cereus (B. cereus), which can cause emetic food poisoning and in some cases even fulminant liver failure and death, has aroused widespread concern. Herein, a universal and naked-eye diagnostic platform for emetic B. cereus based on recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA)-assisted CRISPR/Cas12a was developed by targeting the cereulide synthetase biosynthetic gene (cesB). The diagnostic platform enabled one-pot detection by adding components at the bottom and cap of the tube separately. The visual limit of detection of RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a for gDNA and cells of emetic B. cereus was 10-2 ng μL-1 and 102 CFU mL-1, respectively. Meanwhile, it maintained the same sensitivity in the rice, milk, and cooked meat samples even if the gDNA was extracted by simple boiling. The whole detection process can be finished within 40 min, and the single cell of emetic B. cereus was able to be recognized through enrichment for 2-5 h. The good specificity, high sensitivity, rapidity, and simplicity of the RPA-assisted CRISPR/Cas12a diagnostic platform made it serve as a potential tool for the on-site detection of emetic B. cereus in food matrices. In addition, the RPA-assisted CRISPR/Cas12a assay is the first application in emetic B. cereus detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Nan Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Food Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ze-Ke Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Peng-Ru Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xi Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Food Inspection, Guangzhou 510410, China
| | - Yingju Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhen-Lin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xing Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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2
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Trinh KTL, Lee NY. Recent Methods for the Viability Assessment of Bacterial Pathogens: Advances, Challenges, and Future Perspectives. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11091057. [PMID: 36145489 PMCID: PMC9500772 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11091057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Viability assessment is a critical step in evaluating bacterial pathogens to determine infectious risks to public health. Based on three accepted viable criteria (culturability, metabolic activity, and membrane integrity), current viability assessments are categorized into three main strategies. The first strategy relies on the culturability of bacteria. The major limitation of this strategy is that it cannot detect viable but nonculturable (VBNC) bacteria. As the second strategy, based on the metabolic activity of bacteria, VBNC bacteria can be detected. However, VBNC bacteria sometimes can enter a dormant state that allows them to silence reproduction and metabolism; therefore, they cannot be detected based on culturability and metabolic activity. In order to overcome this drawback, viability assessments based on membrane integrity (third strategy) have been developed. However, these techniques generally require multiple steps, bulky machines, and laboratory technicians to conduct the tests, making them less attractive and popular applications. With significant advances in microfluidic technology, these limitations of current technologies for viability assessment can be improved. This review summarized and discussed the advances, challenges, and future perspectives of current methods for the viability assessment of bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieu The Loan Trinh
- Department of Industrial Environmental Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Korea
| | - Nae Yoon Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Zheng X, Wang Y, Gong W, Cai Q, Li J, Wu J. Detection of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella paratyphoid B, and Shigella dysentery in live Bacillus licheniformis products using propidium monoazide-real-time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:996794. [PMID: 36160211 PMCID: PMC9493680 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.996794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To eliminate the influences of excipients and interference of dead bacterial DNA on the detection of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella paratyphoid B, and Shigella dysentery in live Bacillus licheniformis capsules, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method with high sensitivity and specificity was established. By combining bromide with propidium monoazide (PMA) -real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) with microporous membrane filtration, excipients were removed, the filtrate was collected, and the bacteria were enriched using the centrifugal method. The optimal PMA working concentration, dark incubation time, and exposure time were determined. Specific E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. paratyphoid B, and S. dysentery primers were selected to design different probes and a multiplex qPCR reaction system was established. The PMA-qPCR method was verified using different concentrations of dead and live bacteria. This method is efficient and accurate and can be widely applied to the detection of aforementioned pathogenic bacterial strains in live Bacillus licheniformis products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zheng
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Testing and Risk Warning of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Drug Contacting Materials Quality Control of Zhejiang Provincial, Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinhuan Wang
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Testing and Risk Warning of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Drug Contacting Materials Quality Control of Zhejiang Provincial, Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, China
| | - WanZi Gong
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Testing and Risk Warning of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Drug Contacting Materials Quality Control of Zhejiang Provincial, Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianru Cai
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceutical, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jue Li
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Testing and Risk Warning of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Drug Contacting Materials Quality Control of Zhejiang Provincial, Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiequn Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceutical, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jiequn Wu,
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Li Y, Chen N, Wu Q, Liang X, Yuan X, Zhu Z, Zheng Y, Yu S, Chen M, Zhang J, Wang J, Ding Y. A Flagella Hook Coding Gene flgE Positively Affects Biofilm Formation and Cereulide Production in Emetic Bacillus cereus. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:897836. [PMID: 35756067 PMCID: PMC9226606 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.897836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus cereus, an important foodborne pathogen, poses a risk to food safety and quality. Robust biofilm formation ability is one of the key properties that is responsible for the food contamination and food poisoning caused by B. cereus, especially the emetic strains. To investigate the mechanism of biofilm formation in emetic B. cereus strains, we screened for the mutants that fail to form biofilms by using random mutagenesis toward B. cereus 892-1, an emetic strain with strong biofilm formation ability. When knocking out flgE, a flagellar hook encoding gene, the mutant showed disappearance of flagellar structure and swimming ability. Further analysis revealed that both pellicle and ring presented defects in the null mutant compared with the wild-type and complementary strains. Compared with the flagellar paralytic strains ΔmotA and ΔmotB, the inhibition of biofilm formation by ΔflgE is not only caused by the inhibition of motility. Interestingly, ΔflgE also decreased the synthesis of cereulide. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing that a flagellar component can both affect the biofilm formation and cereulide production in emetic B. cereus, which can be used as the target to control the biohazard of emetic B. cereus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangfu Li
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nuo Chen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinmin Liang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Yuan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenjun Zhu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yin Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shubo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Moutong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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5
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Ren Z, li N, Yu L, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W, Zhai Q. An Illumina MiSeq sequencing-based method using the mreB gene for high-throughput discrimination of Pseudomonas species in raw milk. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Chen L, Li L, Xie X, Chai A, Shi Y, Fan T, Xie J, Li B. An Improved Method for Quantification of Viable Fusarium Cells in Infected Soil Products by Propidium Monoazide Coupled with Real-Time PCR. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10051037. [PMID: 35630479 PMCID: PMC9143521 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10051037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium is a soil-borne pathogen that causes root rot disease in cucumber. To date, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is a common tool to detect the content of Fusarium in soil. However, qPCR cannot distinguish between viable and nonviable cells. The aim of this study was to develop a detection technique to pretreat tissue fluid with propidium monoazide (PMA) followed by extract DNA, and then to quantify viable Fusarium cells in contaminated soil. In this work, the specific primer pair F8-1/F8-2 was designed based on the translation elongation factor (EF) gene and a PMA-qPCR assay was established to amplify and quantify soils of viable Fusarium cells. The PMA pretreatment test was optimized, which indicated that the optimal PMA concentration and light exposure time were 50 mmol L−1 and 15 min, respectively. The lowest limit of viable cells in suspension detected and soil by PMA-qPCR were 82 spore mL−1 and 91.24 spore g−1, respectively. For naturally contaminated soil, viable Fusarium cells were detected in eight of the 18 samples, and the Fusarium amount ranged from 104 to 106 spore g−1. In conclusion, the PMA-qPCR method has the characteristics of high sensitivity, efficiency, and time saving, which could support nursery plants to avoid Fusarium infection and agro-industry losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida Chen
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (L.L.); (X.X.); (A.C.); (Y.S.); (T.F.)
| | - Lei Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (L.L.); (X.X.); (A.C.); (Y.S.); (T.F.)
| | - Xuewen Xie
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (L.L.); (X.X.); (A.C.); (Y.S.); (T.F.)
- Shouguang R&D Center of Vegetables, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Weifang 262700, China
| | - Ali Chai
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (L.L.); (X.X.); (A.C.); (Y.S.); (T.F.)
| | - Yanxia Shi
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (L.L.); (X.X.); (A.C.); (Y.S.); (T.F.)
| | - Tengfei Fan
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (L.L.); (X.X.); (A.C.); (Y.S.); (T.F.)
| | - Jianming Xie
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
- Correspondence: (J.X.); (B.L.)
| | - Baoju Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (L.L.); (X.X.); (A.C.); (Y.S.); (T.F.)
- Correspondence: (J.X.); (B.L.)
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7
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Detection of emetic Bacillus cereus and the emetic toxin cereulide in food matrices: Progress and perspectives. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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Zheng H, Sheng R, Li H, Ahmad W, Chen Q. Rapid and selective detection of Bacillus cereus in food using cDNA-based up-conversion fluorescence spectrum copy and aptamer modified magnetic separation. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 267:120618. [PMID: 34802926 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive luminescent bioassay for the detection of Bacillus cereus (B. cereus), a common bacterium, harmful to human health, was established based on up-conversion fluorescence and magnetic separation technology. Herein, aptamers (Apt) are modified on the surface of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to form Apt-MNPs capture probes. The aptamer complementary strands (cDNA) are connected to upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) to form UCNPs-cDNA signal probes. In the absence of analyte, the UCNPs-cDNA-Apt-MNPs complex will be formed due to the specific binding between the aptamer and the complementary strand. In the presence of B. cereus, the amount of free UCNPs-cDNA increased in the system, which ultimately increased the fluorescence intensity of the solution. Hence, when the UCNPs-cDNA-Apt-MNPs system was excited by a 980 nm near-infrared light, a decrease in the fluorescence of the complex was observed at 548 nm due to the detachment of UCNPs-cDNA. Therefore, based on this principle, the calibration curve is constructed between the concentration of the analyte (B. cereus) and the fluorescence intensity. The results show that the method has a good quantitative ability for B. cereus in the range of 49-49 × 106 cfu/mL under the optimal conditions with a detection limit of 22 cfu/mL. Moreover, the proposed detection method also exhibits a high degree of specificity. The spiked recovery rate of the actual sample was in the range of 90.54%-111.28%, with good relative standard deviation values (2.12%-3.13%), indicating that the method has good reproducibility and stability. This study demonstrates that the constructed method can be used successfully for the rapid detection of B. cereus in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Zheng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Ren Sheng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
| | - Waqas Ahmad
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Quansheng Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China; College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, PR China.
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Bai X, Chen G, Wang Z, Xie G, Deng M, Xu H. Simultaneous detection of Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus by teicoplanin functionalized magnetic beads combined with triplex PCR. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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10
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Mu D, Zhou D, Xie G, Liu J, Wang Z, Xiong Q, Xu H. Real-time recombinase-aided amplification with PMAxx for the rapid detection of viable Escherichia coli O157:H7 in milk. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:1028-1038. [PMID: 34998542 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7, the causative agent of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans, generates a effective harm to community health because of its high pathogenicity. A real-time recombinase-aided amplification (rRAA) is an emerging method for nucleic acid detection. However, genomic DNA of bacteria could exist in food and the environment for a long time after death and could be amplified by rRAA assay, resulting in false-positive signal; thus, developing a fast and sensitive method is necessary to detect viable foodborne pathogens in food products. In our research, rRAA assay coupled with an enhanced nucleic acid binding dye named improved propidium monoazide (PMAxx) was established and applied in viable E. coli O157:H7 identification in skim milk. The PMAxx could eliminate interference from dead bacteria by permeating impaired membranes and covalently linking to DNA to prevent DNA amplification. The PMAxx-rRAA assay was performed with high sensitivity and good specificity. The PMAxx-rRAA assay could detect as low as 5.4 × 100 cfu/mL of viable E. coli O157:H7 in pure culture, and 7.9 × 100 cfu/mL of viable E. coli O157:H7 in skim milk. In addition, the PMAxx-rRAA assay was performed in the presence of a high concentration of dead bacteria or nontarget bacteria in skim milk to verify the capacity to resist interference from dead bacteria and nontarget bacteria. Therefore, the established PMAxx-rRAA assay is a valuable tool for the identification of viable E. coli O157:H7 in complex food matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China
| | - Donggen Zhou
- Ningbo International Travel Healthcare Center (Ningbo Customs Port Outpatient Department), Ningbo, 315010, PR China
| | - Guoyang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China
| | - Ju Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China
| | - Zhengzheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China
| | - Qin Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China
| | - Hengyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China.
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Jovanovic J, Ornelis VFM, Madder A, Rajkovic A. Bacillus cereus food intoxication and toxicoinfection. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:3719-3761. [PMID: 34160120 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus cereus is one of the leading etiological agents of toxin-induced foodborne diseases. Its omnipresence in different environments, spore formation, and its ability to adapt to varying conditions and produce harmful toxins make this pathogen a health hazard that should not be underestimated. Food poisoning by B. cereus can manifest itself as an emetic or diarrheal syndrome. The former is caused by the release of the potent peptide toxin cereulide, whereas the latter is the result of proteinaceous enterotoxins (e.g., hemolysin BL, nonhemolytic enterotoxin, and cytotoxin K). The final harmful effect is not only toxin and strain dependent, but is also affected by the stress responses, accessory virulence factors, and phenotypic properties under extrinsic, intrinsic, and explicit food conditions and host-related environment. Infamous portrait of B. cereus as a foodborne pathogen, as well as a causative agent of nongastrointestinal infections and even nosocomial complications, has inspired vast volumes of multidisciplinary research in food and clinical domains. As a result, extensive original data became available asking for a new, both broad and deep, multifaceted look into the current state-of-the art regarding the role of B. cereus in food safety. In this review, we first provide an overview of the latest knowledge on B. cereus toxins and accessory virulence factors. Second, we describe the novel taxonomy and some of the most pertinent phenotypic characteristics of B. cereus related to food safety. We link these aspects to toxin production, overall pathogenesis, and interactions with its human host. Then we reflect on the prevalence of different toxinotypes in foods opening the scene for epidemiological aspects of B. cereus foodborne diseases and methods available to prevent food poisoning including overview of the different available methods to detect B. cereus and its toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Jovanovic
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vincent F M Ornelis
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annemieke Madder
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andreja Rajkovic
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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12
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Gao S, Sun C, Hong H, Gooneratne R, Mutukumira A, Wu X. Rapid detection of viable Cronobacter sakazakii in powdered infant formula using improved propidium monoazide (PMAxx) and quantitative recombinase polymerase amplification (qRPA) assay. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.107899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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13
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Modified PMA-qPCR Method for Rapid Quantification of Viable Lactobacillus spp. in Fermented Dairy Products. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-02022-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Shi X, Yu L, Lin C, Li K, Chen J, Qin H. Biotin exposure-based immunomagnetic separation coupled with sodium dodecyl sulfate, propidium monoazide, and multiplex real-time PCR for rapid detection of viable Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes in milk. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:6588-6597. [PMID: 33715855 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we established a rapid and sensitive method for the detection of viable Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes in milk using biotin-exposure-based immunomagnetic separation (IMS) combined with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), propidium monoazide (PMA), and multiplex real-time PCR (mRT-PCR). We used IMS to lessen the assay time for isolation of target bacteria. We then optimized the coupling conditions and immunomagnetic capture process. The immunoreaction and incubation times for 5 μg of mAb coupled with 500 μg of streptavidin-functionalized magnetic beads using a streptavidin-biotin system were 90 and 30 min, respectively. Treatment with SDS-PMA before mRT-PCR amplification eliminated false-positive outcomes from dead bacteria and identified viable target bacteria with good sensitivity and specificity. The limit of detection of IMS combined with the SDS-PMA-mRT-PCR assay for the detection of viable Salmonella Typhimurium, Staph. aureus, and L. monocytogenes in spiked milk matrix samples was 10 cfu/mL and remained significant even in the appearance of 106 cfu/mL of nontarget bacteria. The entire detection process was able to identify viable bacteria within 9 h. The combination of biotin-exposure-mediated IMS and SDS-PMA-mRT-PCR has potential value for the rapid and sensitive detection of foodborne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuquan Shi
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P. R. China
| | - Liang Yu
- Research and Development Office, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha 410205, P. R. China
| | - Cui Lin
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P. R. China
| | - Ke Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, P. R. China
| | - Jihua Chen
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P. R. China
| | - Hong Qin
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P. R. China.
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15
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Rodriguez RS, O'Keefe TL, Froehlich C, Lewis RE, Sheldon TR, Haynes CL. Sensing Food Contaminants: Advances in Analytical Methods and Techniques. Anal Chem 2020; 93:23-40. [PMID: 33147958 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca S Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Tana L O'Keefe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Clarice Froehlich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Riley E Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Trever R Sheldon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christy L Haynes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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16
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Walker DI, Fok BCT, Ford CL. A qPCR-MPN method for rapid quantification of Escherichia coli in bivalve molluscan shellfish. J Microbiol Methods 2020; 178:106067. [PMID: 32980334 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2020.106067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Faecal contamination of bivalve molluscan shellfish (BMS) can lead to infections from enteric pathogens if consumed. Across Europe, the faecal indicator bacteria Escherichia coli, is used to determine contamination of BMS harvesting areas. The reference most probable number (MPN) method for E. coli in BMS takes around 48 h from sample receipt to result. In this study, an alternative method was developed in which the final, E. coli confirmation step in the MPN method (usually carried out on chromogenic TBX agar) was replaced by presence/absence real-time PCR (qPCR). This qPCR-MPN method was directly compared with the reference TBX-MPN method using 194 BMS samples consisting of mussels (Mytilus spp.), Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) and common cockles (Cerastoderma edule). The qPCR-MPN method correlated positively with the TBX-MPN method (Kendall's tau coefficient = 0.812). However, the strength of this correlation varied between BMS species, with mussels having the poorest correlation (0.677) followed by Pacific oysters (0.795) and common cockles (0.890). There were some samples for which the difference between the two methods was higher than might be expected by statistical probability alone. Variations in the way in which the two confirmation methods work may account for much of this variation. This method may serve as an ad hoc, rapid assessment method that is complementary to the official reference method and could be easily implemented in many official control laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- David I Walker
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Weymouth, UK.
| | - Basil C T Fok
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Weymouth, UK
| | - Charlotte L Ford
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Weymouth, UK
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17
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O'Grady J, Cronin U, Tierney J, Piterina AV, O'Meara E, Wilkinson MG. Gaps in the assortment of rapid assays for microorganisms of interest to the dairy industry. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2020; 113:1-56. [PMID: 32948264 PMCID: PMC7426214 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This review presents the results of a study into the offering of rapid microbial detection assays to the Irish dairy industry. At the outset, a consultation process was undertaken whereby key stakeholders were asked to compile a list of the key microorganisms of interest to the sector. The resultant list comprises 19 organisms/groups of organisms divided into five categories: single pathogenic species (Cronobacter sakazakii, Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes); genera containing pathogenic species (Bacillus, Clostridium, Listeria, Salmonella; Staphylococcus); broad taxonomic groupings (Coliforms, Enterobacteriaceae, fecal Streptococci, sulfite reducing bacteria/sulfite reducing Clostridia [SRBs/SRCs], yeasts and molds); organisms displaying certain growth preferences or resistance as regards temperature (endospores, psychrotrophs, thermodurics, thermophiles); indicators of quality (total plate count, Pseudomonas spp.). A survey of the rapid assays commercially available for the 19 organisms/groups of organisms was conducted. A wide disparity between the number of rapid tests available was found. Four categories were used to summarize the availability of rapid assays per organism/group of organisms: high coverage (>15 assays available); medium coverage (5-15 assays available); low coverage (<5 assays available); no coverage (0 assays available). Generally, species or genera containing pathogens, whose presence is regulated-for, tend to have a good selection of commercially available rapid assays for their detection, whereas groups composed of heterogenous or even undefined genera of mainly spoilage organisms tend to be "low coverage" or "no coverage." Organisms/groups of organisms with "low coverage" by rapid assays include: Clostridium spp.; fecal Streptococci; and Pseudomonas spp. Those with "no coverage" by rapid assays include: endospores; psychrotrophs; SRB/SRCs; thermodurics; and thermophiles. An important question is: why have manufacturers of rapid microbiological assays failed to respond to the necessity for rapid methods for these organisms/groups of organisms? The review offers explanations, ranging from the technical difficulty involved in detecting as broad a group as the thermodurics, which covers the spores of multiple sporeforming genera as well at least six genera of mesophilic nonsporeformers, to the taxonomically controversial issue as to what constitutes a fecal Streptococcus or SRBs/SRCs. We review two problematic areas for assay developers: validation/certification and the nature of dairy food matrices. Development and implementation of rapid alternative test methods for the dairy industry is influenced by regulations relating to both the microbiological quality standards and the criteria alternative methods must meet to qualify as acceptable test methods. However, the gap between the certification of developer's test systems as valid alternative methods in only a handful of representative matrices, and the requirement of dairy industries to verify the performance of alternative test systems in an extensive and diverse range of dairy matrices needs to be bridged before alternative methods can be widely accepted and adopted in the dairy industry. This study concludes that many important dairy matrices have effectively been ignored by assay developers.
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Affiliation(s)
- John O'Grady
- Dairy Processing Technology Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Ultan Cronin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Joseph Tierney
- Glanbia Ingredients Ireland, Ballyragget, Co. Kilkenny, Ireland
| | - Anna V Piterina
- Dairy Processing Technology Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Elaine O'Meara
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Martin G Wilkinson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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18
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Liu XY, Hu Q, Xu F, Ding SY, Zhu K. Characterization of Bacillus cereus in Dairy Products in China. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E454. [PMID: 32674390 PMCID: PMC7405013 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12070454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus cereus is a common and ubiquitous foodborne pathogen with an increasing prevalence rate in dairy products in China. High and unmet demands for such products, particularly milk, raise the risk of B. cereus associated contamination. The presence of B. cereus and its virulence factors in dairy products may cause food poisoning and other illnesses. Thus, this review first summarizes the epidemiological characteristics and analytical assays of B. cereus from dairy products in China, providing insights into the implementation of intervention strategies. In addition, the recent achievements on the cytotoxicity and mechanisms of B. cereus are also presented to shed light on the therapeutic options for B. cereus associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ye Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.-Y.L.); (Q.H.)
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Emerging Technology, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qiao Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.-Y.L.); (Q.H.)
- National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Fei Xu
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Shuang-Yang Ding
- National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Kui Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.-Y.L.); (Q.H.)
- National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
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