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Giotto FM, Gamage NH, Franco AM, Gerrard DE, Fonseca MA, de Mello AS. Effects of liquid-based diets with breweries grains enriched with isolated starch and fish oil on veal quality. Meat Sci 2024; 216:109592. [PMID: 38981145 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2024.109592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Since veal production has declined in the U.S., American veal producers are currently making efforts to implement new production standards to improve product quality and animal welfare. In this study, we hypothesized that diets containing brewery grains, starch and omega-3 fatty acids could lower a blood stress indicator and improve meat quality, mostly from a nutritional value stand point. Holstein bull calves with approximately 94.67 ± 12.07 kg of body weight and two months old were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments. Diets were formulated with nonmedicated milk replacer, microbreweries spent grains, and a mineral mix (CONTROL); CONTROL + isolated maize starch (STARCH); and CONTROL +3% fish oil (OMEGA-3). Veal calves fed all three diets were heavier than calves of the same age from experiments reported in the existing literature. Dietary treatments did not affect carcass weights, pH, color, moisture, sensory attributes, volatile profile, and fat quality indexes. Calves fed STARCH and OMEGA-3 showed the lowest levels of blood cortisol. Veal fed CONTROL and OMEGA-3 had higher concentrations of ΣMUFA when compared with STARCH. Veal fed OMEGA-3 had the highest concentrations of EPA, DHA, and Σn-3. Veal from all treatments had very high concentrations of ΣMUFA, mostly driven by high levels of c-9 18:1 n-9 from the milk replacer. Feeding OMEGA-3 lowered blood cortisol and increased levels of EPA and DHA without harming sensory attributes. Overall, including brewery grains, starch and fish oil in liquid diets containing milk replacer can improve veal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine M Giotto
- Department of Agriculture, Veterinary and Rangeland Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St. Mail Stop 202, Reno 89557, NV, United States; Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Knox Hall 220 P.O. BOX 30003 MSC 3-I, Las Cruces 88003, NM, United States
| | - Nadini H Gamage
- Department of Agriculture, Veterinary and Rangeland Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St. Mail Stop 202, Reno 89557, NV, United States
| | - Arturo Macias Franco
- Department of Agriculture, Veterinary and Rangeland Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St. Mail Stop 202, Reno 89557, NV, United States
| | - David E Gerrard
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, 3470 Litton-Reaves Hall (0306), 175 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Mozart A Fonseca
- Department of Agriculture, Veterinary and Rangeland Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St. Mail Stop 202, Reno 89557, NV, United States
| | - Amilton S de Mello
- Department of Agriculture, Veterinary and Rangeland Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St. Mail Stop 202, Reno 89557, NV, United States.
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Bittante G, Bergamaschi M, Qianlin N, Patel N, Toledo-Alvarado H, Cecchinato A. Veal and beef meat quality of crossbred calves from dairy herds using sexed semen and semen from double-muscled sires. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2023.2171919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bittante
- DAFNAE-Dipartimento di Agronomia, Alimentazione, Risorse Naturali, Animali e Ambiente, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Bergamaschi
- DAFNAE-Dipartimento di Agronomia, Alimentazione, Risorse Naturali, Animali e Ambiente, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Ni Qianlin
- DAFNAE-Dipartimento di Agronomia, Alimentazione, Risorse Naturali, Animali e Ambiente, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Nageshvar Patel
- DAFNAE-Dipartimento di Agronomia, Alimentazione, Risorse Naturali, Animali e Ambiente, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Hugo Toledo-Alvarado
- Department of Genetics and Biostatistics, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alessio Cecchinato
- DAFNAE-Dipartimento di Agronomia, Alimentazione, Risorse Naturali, Animali e Ambiente, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
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Gabana ADA, Núncio ASP, Lopes BC, de Oliveira JA, da Silva Monteiro L, de Menezes Coppola M, Furian TQ, Borges KA, Rodrigues LB, Mayer FQ. Different Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella spp. Serovars Isolated from Slaughter Calves in Southern Brazil. Curr Microbiol 2022; 80:11. [PMID: 36459239 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-03136-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Bovines are carriers of Salmonella spp., a relevant foodborne pathogen, acting as contamination sources in slaughterhouses. Calves are prone to infection, and antimicrobial resistance may occur in such bacteria. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and virulence determinants of Salmonella spp. recovered from calves in the Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Eighty-five calves' carcasses were evaluated (leather and veal meat). Thirteen Salmonella spp. isolates (8%) from 11 animals (13%) were obtained only from leather, indicating that contamination occurred before slaughter and that the meat was safe regarding this aspect. The serotypes S. Minnesota, S. Abony, S. Cerro, and S. Gafsa were identified, and all isolates were multidrug-resistant. The isolates had at least 19 virulence-related genes, and the blaOXA-48 resistance gene was detected in three (23%). The data suggest that treating infections caused by these bacteria may be difficult in animals from these farms and can also be an extended human health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Dall Agnol Gabana
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Estrada Municipal do Conde, 6000, Sans Souci, Eldorado do Sul, RS, 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Adriana Souto Pereira Núncio
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação, Universidade de Passo Fundo, BR 285, Campus I, São José, Passo Fundo, RS, 99052-900, Brazil
| | - Bruna Correa Lopes
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Estrada Municipal do Conde, 6000, Sans Souci, Eldorado do Sul, RS, 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Júlia Alves de Oliveira
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Estrada Municipal do Conde, 6000, Sans Souci, Eldorado do Sul, RS, 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Luana da Silva Monteiro
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Estrada Municipal do Conde, 6000, Sans Souci, Eldorado do Sul, RS, 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Mario de Menezes Coppola
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Estrada Municipal do Conde, 6000, Sans Souci, Eldorado do Sul, RS, 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Thales Quedi Furian
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Karen Apellanis Borges
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Laura Beatriz Rodrigues
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação, Universidade de Passo Fundo, BR 285, Campus I, São José, Passo Fundo, RS, 99052-900, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Quoos Mayer
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Estrada Municipal do Conde, 6000, Sans Souci, Eldorado do Sul, RS, 92990-000, Brazil. .,Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 - Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil.
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Effect of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) in lamb diets on fatty acid profile, physical and sensory characteristics of the Longissimus muscle. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.105095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Taethaisong N, Paengkoum S, Nakharuthai C, Onjai-uea N, Thongpea S, Sinpru B, Surakhunthod J, Meethip W, Paengkoum P. Effect of Purple Neem Foliage as a Feed Supplement on Nutrient Apparent Digestibility, Nitrogen Utilization, Rumen Fermentation, Microbial Population, Plasma Antioxidants, Meat Quality and Fatty Acid Profile of Goats. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:2985. [PMID: 36359109 PMCID: PMC9654559 DOI: 10.3390/ani12212985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effect of Purple Neem foliage as a feed supplement on nutrient apparent digestibility, nitrogen utilization, rumen fermentation, microbial population, plasma antioxidants, meat quality and fatty acid profile of goats. Eighteen Boer male goats (approximately 20 ± 2 kg body weight; mean ± standard deviation (SD)) were randomly allocated into three treatments. All goats were fed a 60 d daily feeding with three treatments: (1) control, (2) 3% Purple Neem foliage (PNF) + 3% sunflower oil (SFO) in concentrate, and (3) 6% Purple Neem foliage (PNF) + 3% sunflower oil (SFO) in concentrate. The findings indicate that goat feed containing 6% PNF + 3% SFO in concentrate increased feed consumption, nutrient intake, nutrient apparent digestibility and nitrogen utilization compared to the goat feed at 3% PNF + 3% SFO and the control group. The feeding of goats with 6% PNF + 3% SFO in concentrate resulted in high ammonia nitrogen, BUN, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and the total VFA levels were increased at 2 and 4 h after feeding (p < 0.01). The individual microbial population with 6% PNF + 3% SFO had higher (p < 0.01) total bacteria, higher Butyrivibrio fibrisolven, Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefacises, and Streptococcus bovis, decreased protozoa and methanogen levels at 2 and 4 h after feeding. The antioxidant in plasma indices varied, with 6% PNF + 3% SFO having higher total antioxidant (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and catalase (CAT) antioxidant activity and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) in plasma at 2 and 4 h after feeding. Additionally, goat fed 6% PNF + 3% SFO can improve meat quality by lowering drip loss, cooking loss, shear force, and saturated fatty acid as well as increase the fatty acid profile (monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids) in goat meat. Our findings suggest that Purple Neem foliage might be an excellent alternative additive for goat feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nittaya Taethaisong
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Siwaporn Paengkoum
- Program in Agriculture, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima Rajabhat University, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Chatsirin Nakharuthai
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Narawich Onjai-uea
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Sorasak Thongpea
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Boontum Sinpru
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Jariya Surakhunthod
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Weerada Meethip
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Pramote Paengkoum
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
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Genome-Wide Associative Study of Phenotypic Parameters of the 3D Body Model of Aberdeen Angus Cattle with Multiple Depth Cameras. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12162128. [PMID: 36009718 PMCID: PMC9405194 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This article aims to develop a new approach to the lifetime evaluation of cattle by 3-D visualization of economic-biological and genetic features. The following indicators were selected as phenotypic features: chest width and chest girth retrieved by 3-D model and meat output on the bones. Correlation analysis showed a reliable positive relationship between chest width and meat output on the bones, which can potentially be used for lifetime evaluation of meat productivity of animals. Genome-wide associations analysis revealed the following potential loci of quantitative traits on cattle chromosomes for chest width, chest girth, and meat output on bones. Abstract In beef cattle breeding, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) arrays can reveal many loci of various production traits, such as growth, productivity, and meat quality. With the development of genome sequencing technologies, new opportunities are opening up for more accurate identification of areas associated with these traits. This article aims to develop a novel approach to the lifetime evaluation of cattle by 3-D visualization of economic-biological and genetic features. The purpose of this study was to identify significant variants underlying differences in the qualitative characteristics of meat, using imputed data on the sequence of the entire genome. Samples of biomaterial of young Aberdeen-Angus breed cattle (n = 96) were the material for carrying out genome-wide SNP genotyping. Genotyping was performed using a high-density DNA chip Bovine GPU HD BeadChip (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA, USA), containing ~150 thousand SNPs. The following indicators were selected as phenotypic features: chest width and chest girth retrieved by 3-D model and meat output on the bones. Correlation analysis showed a reliable positive relationship between chest width and meat output on the bones, which can potentially be used for lifetime evaluation of meat productivity of animals.
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7
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Livestock Management for the Delivery of Ecosystem Services in Fire-Prone Shrublands of Atlantic Iberia. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14052775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, characterized by its humid climate, large rural areas are being abandoned, mostly in less-favoured areas covered by heathlands, which present a low nutritive quality for livestock production. The high combustibility of these shrublands is driving a high wildfire incidence with negative environmental and economic effects. In this review, some aspects on wildfire occurrence and the potential of grazing livestock to reduce woody phytomass and fire risk in heathland-dominated areas whilst maintaining quality production and preserving biodiversity are summarized. Heathlands may be partially improved—converted to grassland—to better meet animals’ nutritional requirements while acting as ‘natural’ firebreaks. The specific grazing behaviour offers the opportunity to combine different domestic herbivores (mixed grazing) to achieve sustainable systems utilizing heterogeneous resources. Cattle, sheep, goats, and horses may have a role in the provision of different ecosystem services such as food production and biodiversity conservation. Genotype x environment interactions shape the ability of animals to cope with poor vegetation conditions, with smaller species and breeds performing better than larger animals. Goats and horses are indicated to arrest woody encroachment. Sustainable grazing systems are affordable in heathland–grassland mosaics by selecting appropriate livestock species and breeds for quality production, thus favouring rural economies and lowering fire risk.
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Xu C, Zhang S, Sun B, Xie P, Liu X, Chang L, Lu F, Zhang S. Dietary Supplementation with Microalgae ( Schizochytrium sp.) Improves the Antioxidant Status, Fatty Acids Profiles and Volatile Compounds of Beef. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123517. [PMID: 34944292 PMCID: PMC8697940 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with microalgae (Schizochytrium sp.) containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the antioxidant enzyme activity, physicochemical quality, fatty acid composition and volatile compounds of beef meat. Eighteen male Qaidamford cattle were randomly allocated into three treatments (n = 6): no micro-algae supplementation (Control group, C), 100 g microalgae supplementation per bull per day (FD1), and 200 g microalgae supplementation per bull per day (FD2), and fed for 49 days before slaughter. The results showed that, compared with the C group, the addition of DHA-rich microalgae to the diet could significantly increase the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in meat. In the FD2 group, it was found that the concentration of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) was significantly higher than that of the control group (p < 0.05). DHA-rich microalgae supplementation increased polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C20:5 n-6), DHA, EPA + DHA, and n-3 PUFA and reduced n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio. Twenty-four volatile compounds identified in beef were mainly aldehydes, alcohols and ketones from the fingerprints. The contents of short-chain fatty aldehydes, 1-octen-3-ol and 2-pentylfuran, were higher in the FD2 group than in the other two groups. The microalgae diet improved the sensory attribute score of beef. The results demonstrated that dietary supplementation of DHA-rich microalgae improved the antioxidant status, increased the deposition of DHA and enhanced the characteristic flavor of beef.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Xu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (C.X.); (B.S.); (P.X.); (X.L.)
- China Meat Research Center, Beijing Academy of Food Sciences, Beijing 100068, China
| | - Shou Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (S.Z.); (L.C.); (F.L.)
| | - Baozhong Sun
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (C.X.); (B.S.); (P.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Peng Xie
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (C.X.); (B.S.); (P.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaochang Liu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (C.X.); (B.S.); (P.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Lan Chang
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (S.Z.); (L.C.); (F.L.)
| | - Fushan Lu
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (S.Z.); (L.C.); (F.L.)
| | - Songshan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (C.X.); (B.S.); (P.X.); (X.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Chemical Characteristics of Limousine Beef Depending on Finishing Diets and Muscle Type of Meat. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS CIBINIENSIS. SERIES E: FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/aucft-2021-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The goal of this study was to compare the chemical properties of three muscle types of beef cattle fed using different finishing diets compositions. Four finishing feeding models for bulls based on different proportions of concentrates, maise silage, grass silage and hay were evaluated. Muscles chemical composition was evaluated in m. infraspinatus (ISB), m. longissimus thoracis (LTC) and m. longissimus lumborum (LLS). The chemical composition of meat was influenced by muscle type. ISB was characterised by higher moisture, collagen content, lower protein and ash content, and net energy concentration than LTC and LLS. The differences between diets in dry matter and fat content in each of the muscle groups studied were stated. Furthermore, a difference in the collagen content in LLS and protein content in ISB was noted. High correlations (P ≤ 0.05) were found between the concentrate content in the finishing diet and protein content (r = 0.59) in ISB, and dry matter both in LLS (r = 0.69) and LTC (r = 0.58). The lowest fat content of beef was noted for all muscles obtained from animals fed with a diet composed of grass silage, hay, and concentrates (D1).
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Muscle and Subcutaneous Fatty Acid Composition and the Evaluation of Ageing Time on Meat Quality Parameters of Hispano-Bretón Horse Breed. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051421. [PMID: 34063520 PMCID: PMC8156715 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Horse meat; even though is still not popular in most countries; its consumption is slowly increasing and has the potential to become an alternative future red meat. However; research is still insufficient and a deeper understanding of its nutritional and physicochemical characteristics would be beneficial for the horse meat industry. The capacity of horses to efficiently uptake polyunsaturated fatty acids into their tissues has been reported; but detailed knowledge about horse meat fatty acid composition is limited. The present work provides a comprehensive fatty acid composition analysis of subcutaneous and muscle tissues from semiextensively reared Hispano-Breton horses; results indicated that finishing on a high-grain diet limited muscle n-3 accumulation. In addition; the evolution of physicochemical quality parameters such as pH, instrumental color, texture and cook loss were thoroughly studied during vacuum ageing (0, 7, 14 and 21 days), and the conclusion was that an ageing period between 7 and 14 days would be recommended for an optimum horse meat quality. The reasons for this recommendation were that tenderness increased during the first two weeks and then stayed stable and that visual properties deteriorated after 14 days. Overall; these results will help to standardize post mortem practices to obtain a homogeneous final horse meat quality. Abstract A full-randomized block design was used for the study of the FA composition and meat quality parameters, considering ageing time as a split-plot factor. Chemical and fatty acid composition of steaks (longissimus thoracis and lumborum muscle) from 15 month old semiextensively reared Hispano-Bretón horses were characterized (day 0), and the effect of vacuum ageing (0, 7, 14 and 21 days) on several meat quality parameters (pH, instrumental color and texture and cook loss) was determined. The average fat content of horse loin was 3.31%, and the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content, although higher than in ruminant meats, suggested that the finishing on a high-grain diet limited muscle n-3 accumulation. Results revealed that ageing affected all meat quality measurements; color started to turn brownish at 14 days of ageing, with a decrease in redness but not in yellowness. Tenderness improved during the first two weeks, and the Warner-Bratzler shear force scores showed that meat aged for 7 days could be considered as ‘intermediate tender’. Under the present study conditions, an ageing period between 7 and 14 days is recommended for an optimum horse meat quality.
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Liu XM, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Li GH, Zeng BQ, Zhang JW, Feng XS. Progress in Pretreatment and Analysis of Fatty Acids in Foods: An Update since 2012. SEPARATION & PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2019.1673776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Min Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ben-Qing Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People’s Hospital of Longquanyi District, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian-Wei Zhang
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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12
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Acciaro M, Decandia M, Giovanetti V, Manca C, Dimauro C, Rassu SPG, Addis M, Molle G. Effects of grass- and concentrate-based finishing systems on the quality of meat from the M. longissimus thoracis of young Sarda bulls. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/an20449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Context
Recent heightened interest of consumers in the origins of their food, together with broader general awareness of environmental matters, has led to an increase in the demand for meat obtained from grazing systems. The importance of local breeds adapted to medium- and low-input production is fully recognised as a means of guaranteeing the sustainability of these farming methods. A finishing system based on pastures and the use of local breeds could both meet the demands of consumers and increase economic returns for Sardinian farmers.
Aims
The work evaluated the effects of different finishing treatments (pasture PAS-0C vs hay–concentrate-based diets HAY-C) on the quality of meat from young Sarda bulls and the usefulness of meat chemicals as markers to discriminate between finishing systems.
Methods
Twenty-eight young Sarda bulls were assigned randomly to the following two treatments: finished on natural pasture (PAS-0C group, n = 7), and fed on natural pasture hay ad libitum and concentrate (HAY-C group, n = 21). The latter group comprised three levels characterised by an increasing daily dose of concentrates, as follows: 2.5 kg/animal (HAY-2.5C), 3.3 kg/animal (HAY-3.3C), and ad libitum (HAY-ALC). After slaughter at a fixed age (416 ± 25 days), carcass yield, pH of the Longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle, colour parameters, cooking loss, proximate analysis, α-tocopherol and cholesterol concentration, and fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat of LT were all determined. The discriminating power of the meat chemicals between the two main finishing systems (PAS-0C vs HAY-C) and among the three groups receiving concentrates and hay (HAY-2.5C, HAY-3.3C and HAY-ALC) was assessed using linear discriminant analysis.
Key results
Pasture-based treatment decreased the intramuscular fat and increased the α-tocopherol concentration of meat and the proportion of some desirable fatty acids (α-linolenic acid and its derivatives eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid), and improved the value of the ratio of n-6:n-3, without affecting the ultimate pH, colour parameters, and cooking loss. The discriminant procedure was able to discriminate accurately between the two main finishing systems and among the three groups receiving concentrate and hay (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.005 of the Hotelling’s T-squared test respectively). The concentration of α-tocopherol was key to the discrimination of the two main finishing systems, whereas the content of C17:0 and C18:0i were particularly effective in discriminating among the three groups fed with hay concentrate.
Conclusions
Grazing improves some of the meat traits of young Sarda bulls compared with the effects of a hay-concentrate-based finishing diet. The concentration of α-tocopherol in meat is an effective marker for discriminating the effects of pasture from those of a concentrate-based finishing diet
Implications
The results highlight the role of pasture-based diet in finishing young Sarda bulls, and could provide a wealth of knowledge for Sardinian beef farmers for delivering meat produce that stands out in the market and meets the demand of consumers more concerned about food origin and its healthiness.
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Effects of Birth Weight on Animal Performance, Fattening Traits and Meat Quality of Lambs. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122364. [PMID: 33321858 PMCID: PMC7763530 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary It is accepted that a low body weight at birth (<4 kg) might impair postnatal muscle and increase adipose tissue development during the whole life of lambs. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of body weight at birth of lambs on the growth performance, ruminal parameters, digestibility, non-carcass components, carcass traits, physicochemical characteristics and fatty acid profile of meat when slaughtered at 27 kg. Compared to the lambs born with a high weight (>5.5 kg), the lambs born with a low body weight showed a worse animal performance during the fattening period, and increased fat depots with a higher content of saturated fatty acids and a reduced tenderness of meat. Abstract Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a key developmental programming factor which might impair both the feed efficiency of lambs and meat quality, since it deeply impacts skeletal muscle and adipose tissue development. To determine the effect of birth weight on the growth performance, ruminal parameters, digestibility, non-carcass components, carcass traits, physicochemical characteristics and fatty acid profile of meat, two experimental groups (six animals in each group) of male Merino lambs with different body weights (BW) at birth (low BW (LW; 3.88 ± 0.281 kg) and high BW (HW; 5.80 ± 0.647 kg)) were used. The lambs were penned with their corresponding ewe during the natural suckling period, being weaned at 15 kg. Then, the lambs were penned individually and offered a complete pelleted diet during the fattening period. All the animals were slaughtered when they reached 27 kg of BW. After weaning, both daily dry matter intake (578 vs. 615 g/day; p = 0.021) and average daily gain (141 vs. 190 g/day; p = 0.004) were significantly lower in LW lambs, and a higher feed:gain ratio was recorded for this group (3.98 vs. 3.45; p = 0.008). Carcass traits did not show differences (p > 0.05) between both groups of lambs, except for higher chilling losses for the LW group (3.29 vs. 2.69%; p = 0.012). Additionally, higher amounts of kidney knob and channel fat were observed for LW lambs (85.4 vs. 152 g; p = 0.028). Apart from a higher hardness of meat in LW lambs (152 vs. 189 Newtons, p = 0.040), no other differences (p > 0.05) were observed in the physicochemical traits of this product; however, the meat of LW lambs tended (p = 0.057) to contain more total fatty acid content with a higher (p = 0.041) proportion of saturated fatty acids than the meat of HW lambs. In conclusion, under the conditions of the present study, a low body weight at birth increased the deposition of fat in carcass and non-carcass components during the fattening period of lambs, thus reducing animal performance and worsening the nutritional indexes of the meat. Accordingly, it seems reasonable to try to identify these animals during early life, to be sold as suckling lambs in the meat market instead of being fattened.
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Vahmani P, Ponnampalam EN, Kraft J, Mapiye C, Bermingham EN, Watkins PJ, Proctor SD, Dugan MER. Bioactivity and health effects of ruminant meat lipids. Invited Review. Meat Sci 2020; 165:108114. [PMID: 32272342 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ruminant meat (RM) is an excellent source of high-quality protein, B vitamins and trace minerals and plays an important role in global food and nutrition security. However, nutritional guidelines commonly recommend reduced intake of RM mainly because of its high saturated fatty acid (SFA) content, and more recently because of its perceived negative environmental impacts. RM is, however, rich in heart healthy cis-monounsaturated fatty acids and can be an important source of long-chain omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids in populations with low fish consumption. In addition, RM is a source of bioactive phospholipids, as well as rumen-derived bioactive fatty acids including branched-chain, vaccenic and rumenic acids, which have been associated with several health benefits. However, the role of bioactive RM lipids in maintaining and improving consumers' health have been generally ignored in nutritional guidelines. The present review examines RM lipids in relation to human health, and evaluates the effectiveness of different feeding strategies and possibilities for future profile and content improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Vahmani
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, 2201 Meyer Hall, Davis, California 95616, United States.
| | - Eric N Ponnampalam
- Animal Production Sciences, Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia.
| | - Jana Kraft
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
| | - Cletos Mapiye
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
| | | | - Peter J Watkins
- Commonwealth Scientific Industry Research Organisation, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribees, VIC 3030, Australia.
| | - Spencer D Proctor
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Michael E R Dugan
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, Alberta T4L 1W1, Canada.
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15
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Gómez-Cortés P, Rodríguez-Pino V, Marín ALM, de la Fuente MA. Identification and quantification of dimethyl acetals from plasmalogenic lipids in lamb intramuscular fat under different derivatization procedures. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1120:24-28. [PMID: 31060023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Meat lipids are mostly comprised by triacylglycerols, but small amounts of plasmalogens are also present in intramuscular fat. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of lipid derivatization on the presence of dimethyl acetal (DMA) molecules from plasmalogenic lipids in intramuscular fat samples. Three different methods of methylation were assayed. Acid-catalyzed methanolysis using HCl, the traditional procedure to derivatize meat lipids, was compared to two base-catalyzed methanolysis based on the ISO International standard procedure using either KOH and/or NaOCH3 which, apparently, are only able to methylate fatty acids from triacylglycerols. DMA compounds were isolated by thin layer chromatography and then identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The most prominent DMA molecules detected were 16:0 and 18:0, but also minor amounts of monounsaturated and branched-chain DMA were quantified. Acid methylation yielded the highest amounts of DMA. However, the present article demonstrates that ISO standard based methylation procedures could also generate DMA derivatives in considerable quantities, which is not usually considered and may interfere with the determination of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) from triacylglycerides. The current research warns scientist about possible FAME misidentifying and overestimations in intramuscular fat analysis using basic methylation and the need to consider the presence of DMA in samples that contain plasmalogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gómez-Cortés
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - V Rodríguez-Pino
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - A L Martínez Marín
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz km 396, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - M A de la Fuente
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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16
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Pulido E, Fernández M, Prieto N, Baldwin RL, Andrés S, López S, Giráldez FJ. Effect of milking frequency and α-tocopherol plus selenium supplementation on sheep milk lipid composition and oxidative stability. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:3097-3109. [PMID: 30772021 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to study the effect of milking frequency [once-daily milking (ODM) vs. twice-daily milking (TDM)] and antioxidant (AOX) supplementation on fatty acid (FA) profile and oxidative stability in sheep milk. Sixteen Assaf ewes were used; 8 did not receive any vitamin-mineral supplement (control), and the other 8 received an oral dose of 1,000 IU of α-tocopherol and 0.4 mg of Se daily. The experiment consisted of 2 consecutive periods; the first was 3 wk with TDM of both mammary glands. The second period was 8 wk and consisted of ODM of one mammary gland and TDM of the other gland. All ewes were fed ad libitum the same total mixed ration from lambing and throughout the experiment. There were no differences in plasma or milk Se concentrations between control and AOX ewes. However, plasma and milk α-tocopherol concentrations and AOX capacity were increased in ewes receiving the AOX supplement. Milk FA profile was practically unaffected after 21 d of AOX supplementation. However, after 77 d, AOX supplementation increased the relative percentage of C16:0 and cis-9 C18:1 and reduced the proportions of some saturated FA with less than 16 carbons and cis-9 C12:1. Antioxidant supplementation had no effect on the proportions of conjugated linoleic acid or total polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) but decreased the proportion of trans-7,cis-9 C18:2 and increased that of n-6 C20:3. Once-daily milking did not affect α-tocopherol, Se, or fat resistance to oxidation in milk. Total monounsaturated FA, cis-9 C16:1, and several cis and trans isomers of C18:1 were increased and total saturated FA were decreased in milk from ODM glands. Compared with TDM, ODM increased the proportions of cis-9,cis-12 C18:2 and several isomers of C18:2 and reduced those of cis-9,cis-12,cis-15 C18:3 and some PUFA of 20 and 22 carbons, but total proportion of PUFA was unaffected. Once-daily milking and AOX supplementation modified milk FA profile, but the effects of ODM could be considered of little biological relevance for consumer health. Supplementing ewes with α-tocopherol plus Se could be considered an effective strategy to improve plasma AOX status and reduce milk fat oxidation without substantial changes in the milk FA profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pulido
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - M Fernández
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - N Prieto
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 6000 C&E Trail, Lacombe, Alberta, T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - R L Baldwin
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - S Andrés
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - S López
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - F J Giráldez
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain.
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17
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Domaradzki P, Florek M, Skałecki P, Litwińczuk A, Kędzierska-Matysek M, Wolanciuk A, Tajchman K. Fatty acid composition, cholesterol content and lipid oxidation indices of intramuscular fat from skeletal muscles of beaver (Castor fiber L.). Meat Sci 2018; 150:131-140. [PMID: 30594329 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The lipid characteristics of the intramuscular fat (IMF) from skeletal muscles of different beaver carcass parts (the loin, hind leg and shoulder) were characterised in detail for the first time. The shoulder muscles had higher (P < 0.05) proportion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) than the loin muscles, which had higher percentages of saturated fatty acids (SFA), odd-chain fatty acids (OCFA) and sum of conjugated linoleic acids (ΣCLA). Moreover, the shoulder muscles were found to contain higher fat, cholesterol and total fatty acids (FA) concentrations, as well had a beneficial fatty acid profile, especially in terms of the absolute content of PUFA and some nutritional FA indices (thrombogenic index and SFA/PUFA), as well as FA ratios (n-6/n-3 and PUFA/SFA). No differences (P > 0.05) in lipid oxidation parameters (FFA, PV and TBARS) were observed between muscles from different carcass parts. Irrespective of muscle location, the predominant class of FA in IMF of beaver was PUFA (averaging 49.39%), followed by SFA (27.81%) and MUFA cis (15.96%). Linoleic acid (LA, 18:2 n-6) was the most abundant FA in all muscles (>34% of total FA). Minor percentages of unusual FA (OCFA, trans FA and branched-chain FA), which are more typical for ruminants than monogastric animals, were also detected (3.46%, 1.92% and 1.22%, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Domaradzki
- Department of Commodity Science and Processing of Raw Animal Materials, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Florek
- Department of Commodity Science and Processing of Raw Animal Materials, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Piotr Skałecki
- Department of Commodity Science and Processing of Raw Animal Materials, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Litwińczuk
- Department of Commodity Science and Processing of Raw Animal Materials, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Monika Kędzierska-Matysek
- Department of Commodity Science and Processing of Raw Animal Materials, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Anna Wolanciuk
- Department of Commodity Science and Processing of Raw Animal Materials, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Tajchman
- Department of Companion & Wildlife Animals, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
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18
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Bravo-Lamas L, Barron LJ, Farmer L, Aldai N. Fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat and odour-active compounds of lamb commercialized in northern Spain. Meat Sci 2018; 139:231-238. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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19
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Domaradzki P, Stanek P, Litwińczuk Z, Skałecki P, Florek M. Slaughter value and meat quality of suckler calves: A review. Meat Sci 2017; 134:135-149. [PMID: 28783610 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2017.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Veal is widely prized by consumers for its excellent nutritional value. Calf meat is generally obtained from young (immature) bovine animals up to 8months of age, or in some cases from older animals, but no older than 12months. Classification of calf carcasses and specification of cuts are quite well regulated in the European market, in contrast with feeding systems and meat characteristics. There are several calf production systems, but in terms of consumer health the most beneficial meat is obtained from animals reared on pasture with natural suckling. In view of the above, this review is limited in scope to Member States of the European Union and focuses on the main factors influencing the carcass quality, proximate composition, intrinsic properties, cholesterol content, fatty acid composition and mineral composition of veal from calves reared on pasture with their mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Domaradzki
- Department of Commodity Science and Processing of Raw Animal Materials, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Stanek
- Sub-department of Organic Production of Food of Animal Origin, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Zygmunt Litwińczuk
- Sub-department of Organic Production of Food of Animal Origin, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Skałecki
- Department of Commodity Science and Processing of Raw Animal Materials, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Mariusz Florek
- Department of Commodity Science and Processing of Raw Animal Materials, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
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20
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Belaunzaran X, Lavín P, Barron LJR, Mantecón AR, Kramer JKG, Aldai N. An assessment of the fatty acid composition of horse-meat available at the retail level in northern Spain. Meat Sci 2016; 124:39-47. [PMID: 27835833 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to assess the fatty acid composition of horse-meat available at the retail market in northern Spain. Horse steaks (Longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle; n=82) were purchased from butcher-shops and large grocery stores throughout six northern regions of Spain in two different seasons. Fat content differed significantly among regions (1.12 to 2.77%). Samples with higher intramuscular fat content presented the highest percentages of total monounsaturated fatty acids and the lowest contents of dimethylacetal and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), while the opposite was found in the leanest samples. A high variability was observed in the muscle and subcutaneous n-3 PUFA content. Overall, total n-3 PUFA content ranged between 1.17% and 18.9% in muscle fat and between 1.52% and 27.9% in backfat. Interestingly, almost 5% of surveyed loins from horse carcasses (4 out of 82) contained over 300mg of linolenic acid per 100g of meat which could have been marketed as a "source" of n-3 FAs according to Commission Regulation (EU) No 116/2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xabier Belaunzaran
- Lactiker Research Group, Department of Pharmacy & Food Sciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Paz Lavín
- Mountain Livestock Institute, CSIC-ULE, Finca Marzanas, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - Luis J R Barron
- Lactiker Research Group, Department of Pharmacy & Food Sciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Angel R Mantecón
- Mountain Livestock Institute, CSIC-ULE, Finca Marzanas, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - John K G Kramer
- Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Noelia Aldai
- Lactiker Research Group, Department of Pharmacy & Food Sciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
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21
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Turner TD, Hartling I, Jensen J, Pilfold JL, Prema D, Van Hamme JD, Cinel B, Donkor KK, Church JS. Fatty acid profile of British Columbia suckler beef. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2015-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the influence of feeding system on the fatty acid (FA) profile of suckler beef (SB), moderate grain-fed (MG), and grass-fed (GF) beef was compared. It was found that total saturated FA content was not affected; however, greater 14:0, total polyunsaturated FA content, and lower n-6/n-3 ratio suggest some transmittance of milk FA in SB calves (P < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler D. Turner
- Thompson Rivers University, 900 McGill Road, Kamloops, BC V2C 0C8, Canada
- Thompson Rivers University, 900 McGill Road, Kamloops, BC V2C 0C8, Canada
| | - Ivan Hartling
- Thompson Rivers University, 900 McGill Road, Kamloops, BC V2C 0C8, Canada
- Thompson Rivers University, 900 McGill Road, Kamloops, BC V2C 0C8, Canada
| | - Jessica Jensen
- Thompson Rivers University, 900 McGill Road, Kamloops, BC V2C 0C8, Canada
- Thompson Rivers University, 900 McGill Road, Kamloops, BC V2C 0C8, Canada
| | - Jessica L. Pilfold
- Thompson Rivers University, 900 McGill Road, Kamloops, BC V2C 0C8, Canada
- Thompson Rivers University, 900 McGill Road, Kamloops, BC V2C 0C8, Canada
| | - Dipesh Prema
- Thompson Rivers University, 900 McGill Road, Kamloops, BC V2C 0C8, Canada
- Thompson Rivers University, 900 McGill Road, Kamloops, BC V2C 0C8, Canada
| | - Jonathan D. Van Hamme
- Thompson Rivers University, 900 McGill Road, Kamloops, BC V2C 0C8, Canada
- Thompson Rivers University, 900 McGill Road, Kamloops, BC V2C 0C8, Canada
| | - Bruno Cinel
- Thompson Rivers University, 900 McGill Road, Kamloops, BC V2C 0C8, Canada
- Thompson Rivers University, 900 McGill Road, Kamloops, BC V2C 0C8, Canada
| | - Kingsley K. Donkor
- Thompson Rivers University, 900 McGill Road, Kamloops, BC V2C 0C8, Canada
- Thompson Rivers University, 900 McGill Road, Kamloops, BC V2C 0C8, Canada
| | - John S. Church
- Thompson Rivers University, 900 McGill Road, Kamloops, BC V2C 0C8, Canada
- Thompson Rivers University, 900 McGill Road, Kamloops, BC V2C 0C8, Canada
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22
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Characterization of the fatty acid composition of lamb commercially available in northern Spain: Emphasis on the trans-18:1 and CLA content and profile. Meat Sci 2016; 117:108-16. [PMID: 26970291 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A survey of commercially available lamb meat was performed in northern Spain in order to evaluate their fatty acid (FA) composition with emphasis on trans fatty acid (TFA) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers. Samples were collected in spring (n=24) and winter (n=24) of 2013, and were obtained in about equal numbers from grocery stores and butcher-shops. Subcutaneous fat, known to be a sensitive indicator of TFA content in ruminants, was analyzed by GC-FID. In general, very few differences were observed between collection periods and type of stores because of the high variability within the groups that was believed to be associated with differences in genetics and feeding strategies. However, the 10t/11t ratio of all samples showed two clearly identifiable groups irrespective of the source: 1) when 10t/11t was >1, 10t-shifted samples; 2) when 10t/11t was ≤1, non-shifted samples where 11t-18:1 was the predominant isomer. These two groups were clearly identified and associated with distinct FAs using principal component analysis.
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23
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De Palo P, Maggiolino A, Tateo A, Centoducati P. Influence of Gas Mixture on Quality and Shelf Life of Veal Calf Meat. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2014.3129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Araujo JP, Lorenzo JM, Cerqueira J, Vazquez JA, Pires P, Cantalapiedra J, Franco D. Minhota breed cattle: carcass characterisation and meat quality affected by sex and slaughter age. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1071/an14989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This work focuses on the effect of slaughter age (6 and 9 months) and sex on carcass characteristics and meat quality of the Minhota cattle breed. In this study, data from 52 cattle (34 entire males and 18 females) were used for the carcass and meat characterisation. Regarding carcass characteristics, entire male carcasses (158 kg and 223 kg for animals of 6 and 9 months, respectively), were heavier than female carcasses (130 kg and 161 kg for animals of 6 and 9 months, respectively), with better dressing percentages, increased lengths, thicknesses and depths and compactness indexes. The quality of meat from carcasses of both entire males and females had strong luminosity (L*), a pale pink tone (lower a*-value) and high yellowness. Mean tenderness of Longissimus thoracis, expressed as shear force, was below 5.5 kg/cm2, without significant differences (P > 0.05) between either the slaughter age or sex.
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Horse-meat for human consumption — Current research and future opportunities. Meat Sci 2015; 108:74-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Mapiye C, Vahmani P, Mlambo V, Muchenje V, Dzama K, Hoffman L, Dugan M. The trans-octadecenoic fatty acid profile of beef: Implications for global food and nutrition security. Food Res Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Machado Neto OR, Chizzotti ML, Ramos EM, Oliveira DM, Lanna DPD, Ribeiro JS, Lopes LS, Descalzo AM, Amorim TR, Ladeira MM. Fatty acid profile and meat quality of young bulls fed ground soybean or ground cottonseed and vitamin E. Animal 2015; 9:362-72. [PMID: 25256316 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731114002377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the fatty acid profile and qualitative characteristics of meat from feedlot young bulls fed ground soybean or ground cottonseed, with or without supplementation of vitamin E. A total of 40 Red Norte young bulls, with an initial average age of 20 months, and an initial average BW of 339±15 kg, were allotted in a completely randomized design using a 2×2 factorial arrangement, with two oilseeds, and daily supplementation or not of 2500 IU of vitamin E. The experimental period was for 84 days, which was preceded by an adaptation period of 28 days. The treatments were ground soybean (SB), ground soybean plus vitamin E (SBE), ground cottonseed (CS) and ground cottonseed plus vitamin E (CSE). The percentage of cottonseed and soybean in the diets (dry matter basis) was 24% and 20%, respectively. Diets were isonitrogenous (13% CP) and presented similar amount of ether extract (6.5%). The animals were slaughtered at average live weight of 464±15 kg, and samples were taken from the longissimus dorsi muscle for the measurement of fatty acid concentration and the evaluation of lipid oxidation and color of the beef. Before fatty acid extraction, muscle tissue and subcutaneous fat of the longissimus dorsi were separated to analyze fatty acid profile in both tissues. Supplementation of vitamin E did not affect fatty acid concentration, lipid oxidation and color (P>0.05). Subcutaneous fat from animals fed CS diet had greater C12:0, C16:0 and C18:0 contents (P<0.03). In addition, CS diets reduced the C18:1 and C18:2 cis-9, trans-11 contents in subcutaneous fat (P<0.05). The muscle from animals fed CS tended to higher C16:0 and C18:0 contents (P<0.11), and decreased C18:1, C18:2 cis-9, trans-11 and C18:3 contents (P<0.05) compared with SB. The Δ9-desaturase index was greater in muscle from animals fed SB (P<0.01). At 42 days of age, meat from cattle fed SB had a greater lipid oxidation rate (P<0.05). Meat from animals fed SB diets had less lightness and redness indices than meat from animals fed CS diets after 14 days of age. In conclusion, the addition of ground cottonseed in the finishing diets did increase the saturated fatty acid content of the longissimus dorsi. However, animals fed cottonseed exhibited greater lightness and redness of beef. In this study, the addition of vitamin E did not affect qualitative characteristics of meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- O R Machado Neto
- 1College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science,Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho',Botucatu,São Paulo 18610-307,Brazil
| | - M L Chizzotti
- 2Department of Animal Science,Universidade Federal de Viçosa,Viçosa,Minas Gerais 36.570-000,Brazil
| | - E M Ramos
- 4Department of Food Science,Universidade Federal de Lavras,Lavras,Minas Gerais 37200-000,Brazil
| | - D M Oliveira
- 3Department of Animal Science,Universidade Federal de Lavras,Lavras,Minas Gerais 37200-000,Brazil
| | - D P D Lanna
- 5Department of Animal Science,Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz',Universidade de São Paulo,Piracicaba,São Paulo 13418-900,Brazil
| | - J S Ribeiro
- 6Universidade Federal de Alagoas,Arapiraca,Alagoas 57309-005,Brazil
| | - L S Lopes
- 7Centro de Educação Superior do Oeste,Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina,Chapecó,Santa Catarina 89800-000,Brazil
| | - A M Descalzo
- 8Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria,Buenos Aires C1033AAE,Argentina
| | - T R Amorim
- 2Department of Animal Science,Universidade Federal de Viçosa,Viçosa,Minas Gerais 36.570-000,Brazil
| | - M M Ladeira
- 2Department of Animal Science,Universidade Federal de Viçosa,Viçosa,Minas Gerais 36.570-000,Brazil
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Andrés S, Morán L, Aldai N, Tejido M, Prieto N, Bodas R, Giráldez F. Effects of linseed and quercetin added to the diet of fattening lambs on the fatty acid profile and lipid antioxidant status of meat samples. Meat Sci 2014; 97:156-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Carvalho JRR, Chizzotti ML, Ramos EM, Machado Neto OR, Lanna DPD, Lopes LS, Teixeira PD, Ladeira MM. Qualitative characteristics of meat from young bulls fed different levels of crude glycerin. Meat Sci 2014; 96:977-83. [PMID: 24231675 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the fatty acid profile and qualitative characteristics of meat from young bulls fed crude glycerin. Forty-four animals with an initial live weight of 368 ± 4 kg were used in a completely randomized design, with four treatments: no glycerin or addition of 6, 12 or 18% glycerin. The animals were slaughtered with 519.5 ± 14.9 kg of live weight. The meat characteristics assessed were chemical composition, shear force, fatty acid concentration, color and lipid oxidation. The addition of glycerin increased the content of ether extract (P<0.05) in the muscle. A linear increase was observed (P<0.05) in the oleic acid contents (C18:1 cis 9). The saturated fatty acid (SFA) contents linearly decreased in the muscle as a function of glycerin addition. The lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) indices increased with the use of crude glycerin (P<0.05). The crude glycerin increased the intramuscular fat and oleic acid content in the longissimus dorsi muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R R Carvalho
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37.200-000, Brazil
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Aldai N, de Renobales M, Barron LJR, Kramer JKG. What are thetransfatty acids issues in foods after discontinuation of industrially producedtransfats? Ruminant products, vegetable oils, and synthetic supplements. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201300072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Aldai
- Lactiker Research Group; Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU); Vitoria-Gasteiz Spain
| | - Mertxe de Renobales
- Lactiker Research Group; Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU); Vitoria-Gasteiz Spain
| | - Luis Javier R. Barron
- Lactiker Research Group; Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU); Vitoria-Gasteiz Spain
| | - John K. G. Kramer
- Guelph Food Research Centre; Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada; Guelph ON Canada
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Morán L, Giráldez FJ, Panseri S, Aldai N, Jordán MJ, Chiesa LM, Andrés S. Effect of dietary carnosic acid on the fatty acid profile and flavour stability of meat from fattening lambs. Food Chem 2013; 138:2407-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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32
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Alves SP, Santos-Silva J, Cabrita ARJ, Fonseca AJM, Bessa RJB. Detailed dimethylacetal and fatty acid composition of rumen content from lambs fed lucerne or concentrate supplemented with soybean oil. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58386. [PMID: 23484024 PMCID: PMC3587585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism in the rumen is responsible for the complex fatty acid profile of rumen outflow compared with the dietary fatty acid composition, contributing to the lipid profile of ruminant products. A method for the detailed dimethylacetal and fatty acid analysis of rumen contents was developed and applied to rumen content collected from lambs fed lucerne or concentrate based diets supplemented with soybean oil. The methodological approach developed consisted on a basic/acid direct transesterification followed by thin-layer chromatography to isolate fatty acid methyl esters from dimethylacetal, oxo- fatty acid and fatty acid dimethylesters. The dimethylacetal composition was quite similar to the fatty acid composition, presenting even-, odd- and branched-chain structures. Total and individual odd- and branched-chain dimethylacetals were mostly affected by basal diet. The presence of 18:1 dimethylacetals indicates that biohydrogenation intermediates might be incorporated in structural microbial lipids. Moreover, medium-chain fatty acid dimethylesters were identified for the first time in the rumen content despite their concentration being relatively low. The fatty acids containing 18 carbon-chain lengths comprise the majority of the fatty acids present in the rumen content, most of them being biohydrogenation intermediates of 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3. Additionally, three oxo- fatty acids were identified in rumen samples, and 16-O-18:0 might be produced during biohydrogenation of the 18:3n-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana P Alves
- Unidade de Produção Animal, Instituto Nacional dos Recursos Biológicos (INRB), Vale de Santarém, Portugal.
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D'Alessandro A, Zolla L. Meat science: From proteomics to integrated omics towards system biology. J Proteomics 2013; 78:558-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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