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Baillargeon K, Morbioli GG, Brooks JC, Miljanic PR, Mace CR. Direct Processing and Storage of Cell-Free Plasma Using Dried Plasma Spot Cards. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2022; 2:457-465. [PMID: 36281294 PMCID: PMC9585636 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.2c00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plasma separation cards represent a viable approach for expanding testing capabilities away from clinical settings by generating cell-free plasma with minimal user intervention. These devices typically comprise a basic structure of the plasma separation membrane, unconstrained porous collection pad, and utilize either (i) lateral or (ii) vertical fluidic pathways for separating plasma. Unfortunately, these configurations are highly susceptible to (i) inconsistent sampling volume due to differences in the patient hematocrit or (ii) severe contamination due to leakage of red blood cells or release of hemoglobin (i.e., hemolysis). Herein, we combine the enhanced sampling of our previously reported patterned dried blood spot cards with an assembly of porous separation materials to produce a patterned dried plasma spot card for direct processing and storage of cell-free plasma. Linking both vertical separation and lateral distribution of plasma yields discrete plasma collection zones that are spatially protected from potential contamination due to hemolysis and an inlet zone enriched with blood cells for additional testing. We evaluate the versatility of this card by quantitation of three classes of analytes and techniques including (i) the soluble transferrin receptor by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, (ii) potassium by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, and (iii) 18S rRNA by reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We achieve quantitative recovery of each class of analyte with no statistically significant difference between dried and liquid reference samples. We anticipate that this sampling approach can be applied broadly to improve access to critical blood testing in resource-limited settings or at the point-of-care.
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Khan AA, Akram K, Zaman A, Anwar Bég O, Bég TA. Electro-osmotic peristaltic flow and heat transfer in an ionic viscoelastic fluid through a curved micro-channel with viscous dissipation. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2022; 236:1080-1092. [DOI: 10.1177/09544119221105848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Emerging systems in microfluidics are embracing bio-inspired designs in which boundaries are flexible and mimic peristaltic propulsion mechanisms encountered in nature. These devices utilize electro-kinetic body forces to manipulate very precisely ionic biofluids for a range of medical applications including. Motivated by exploring in more detail electro-hemorheological micro-pumping, in the current article, a mathematical model is developed for peristalsis propulsion of a viscoelastic biofluid in a curved microchannel with electro-osmotic effect and thermal transport under static axial electrical field and with viscous heating. The third grade Reiner-Rivlin model is deployed for blood rheology. The novelty of the current work is therefore the simultaneous consideration of electrokinetics, viscoelastic behavior with the third grade Reiner-Rivlin model and coupled flow and heat transport with viscous dissipation in peristaltic pumping in a curved micro-channel. A Poisson-Boltzmann formulation is adopted to simulate the charge number density associated with the electrical potential. Asymmetric zeta potential (25 mV) is prescribed and mobilizes an electric double layer (EDL). The governing conservation equations for mass, energy, momentum and electrical potential with associated boundary conditions are simplified using lubrication approximations and rendered dimensionless via appropriate scaling transformations. Analytical solutions are derived in the form of Bessel functions and numerical evaluations are conducted via the ND solver command in MATHEMATICA symbolic software. The simulations show that with stronger viscoelastic effect, boluses are eliminated and there is relaxation in streamlines in the core and peripheral regions of the micro-channel. Increasing Brinkman number (dissipation parameter) elevates temperatures. An increase in electrical double layer thickness initially produces a contraction in the upper bolus and an expansion (lateral) in the lower bolus in the micro-channel. With modification in zeta potential ratio parameter from positive to negative values, in the lower half of the micro-channel, axial flow deceleration is generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambreen Afsar Khan
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Kaenat Akram
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Akbar Zaman
- Informatics Complex, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - O Anwar Bég
- Multi-Physical Engineering Sciences Group, Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Science, Engineering and Environment (SEE), University of Salford, Manchester, UK
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3
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Geometry effect in multi-step crossflow microfluidic devices for red blood cells separation and deformability assessment. Biomed Microdevices 2022; 24:20. [PMID: 35670892 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-022-00616-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The efficient separation of blood components using microfluidic systems can help to improve the detection and diagnosis of several diseases, such as malaria and diabetes. Therefore, a novel multi-step microfluidic device, based on passive crossflow filters was developed. Three different designs were proposed, fabricated and tested in order to evaluate the most suitable geometry to perform, simultaneously, blood cells separation and cell deformability measurements. All the proposed geometries include a main channel and three sequential separation steps, all comprised of symmetrical crossflow filters, with multiple rows of pillars, to reduce the amount of red blood cells (RBCs) flowing to the outlets of the microfluidic device (MD). Sets of hyperbolic constrictions located at the outlets allow the assessment of cells deformability. Based on the proposed geometries, the three correspondent MD were evaluated and compared, by measuring the RBCs velocities, the cell-free layer (CFL) effect through the microchannels and by quantifying the amount of RBCs at the outlets. The results suggest that the proposed MD 3 configuration was the most effective one for the desired application, due to the formation of a wider CFL. As a result, a minor amount of RBCs flow through the hyperbolic contraction at the third separation level of the device. Nevertheless, for all the proposed geometries, the existence of three separation levels shows that it is possible to achieve a highly efficient cell separation. If needed, such microdevices have the potential for further improvements by increasing the number of separation levels, aiming the total separation of blood cells from plasma.
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Fukada K, Seyama M. Microfluidic Devices Controlled by Machine Learning with Failure Experiments. Anal Chem 2022; 94:7060-7065. [PMID: 35468282 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A critical microchannel technique is to isolate specific objects, such as cells, in a biological solution. Generally, this particle sorting is achieved by designing a microfluidic device and tuning its control values; however, unpredictable motions of the particle mixture make this approach time-consuming and labor intensive. Here, we show that microfluidic control with reinforced learning characterized by utilizing failure results can maximize the training effect with limited data. This method uses microscopic images of the separation process, including failed conditions (inappropriate flow speeds or dilution rates of biological samples), and insights for efficient learning are provided by setting gradient rewards according to the degree of failure. Once learning is performed in this manner, the optimal separating condition for other related samples can be automatically found. Failed experiments are not wasteful; they increase training data and make it easier to reach correct answers. This device control could be useful in automatic synthetic chemistry, biomedical analysis, and microfabrication robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Fukada
- NTT Device Technology Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato, Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Michiko Seyama
- NTT Device Technology Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato, Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
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Liu Y, Wang N, Chan CW, Lu A, Yu Y, Zhang G, Ren K. The Application of Microfluidic Technologies in Aptamer Selection. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:730035. [PMID: 34604229 PMCID: PMC8484746 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.730035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aptamers are sequences of single-strand oligonucleotides (DNA or RNA) with potential binding capability to specific target molecules, which are increasingly used as agents for analysis, diagnosis, and medical treatment. Aptamers are generated by a selection method named systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). Numerous SELEX methods have been developed for aptamer selections. However, the conventional SELEX methods still suffer from high labor intensity, low operation efficiency, and low success rate. Thus, the applications of aptamer with desired properties are limited. With their advantages of low cost, high speed, and upgraded extent of automation, microfluidic technologies have become promising tools for rapid and high throughput aptamer selection. This paper reviews current progresses of such microfluidic systems for aptamer selection. Comparisons of selection performances with discussions on principles, structure, operations, as well as advantages and limitations of various microfluidic-based aptamer selection methods are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Nijia Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Chiu-Wing Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Aiping Lu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Kangning Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
- Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR China
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Rodriguez-Mateos P, Ngamsom B, Dyer CE, Iles A, Pamme N. Inertial focusing of microparticles, bacteria, and blood in serpentine glass channels. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:2246-2255. [PMID: 34031893 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Early detection of pathogenic microorganisms is pivotal to diagnosis and prevention of health and safety crises. Standard methods for pathogen detection often rely on lengthy culturing procedures, confirmed by biochemical assays, leading to >24 h for a diagnosis. The main challenge for pathogen detection is their low concentration within complex matrices. Detection of blood-borne pathogens via techniques such as PCR requires an initial positive blood culture and removal of inhibitory blood components, reducing its potential as a diagnostic tool. Among different label-free microfluidic techniques, inertial focusing on microscale channels holds great promise for automation, parallelization, and passive continuous separation of particles and cells. This work presents inertial microfluidic manipulation of small particles and cells (1-10 μm) in curved serpentine glass channels etched at different depths (deep and shallow designs) that can be exploited for (1) bacteria preconcentration from biological samples and (2) bacteria-blood cell separation. In our shallow device, the ability to focus Escherichia coli into the channel side streams with high recovery (89% at 2.2× preconcentration factor) could be applied for bacteria preconcentration in urine for diagnosis of urinary tract infections. Relying on differential equilibrium positions of red blood cells and E. coli inside the deep device, 97% red blood cells were depleted from 1:50 diluted blood with 54% E. coli recovered at a throughput of 0.7 mL/min. Parallelization of such devices could process relevant volumes of 7 mL whole blood in 10 min, allowing faster sample preparation for downstream molecular diagnostics of bacteria present in bloodstream.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bongkot Ngamsom
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | | | - Alexander Iles
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Nicole Pamme
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Hull, Hull, UK
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7
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Characterization and Separation of Live and Dead Yeast Cells Using CMOS-Based DEP Microfluidics. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12030270. [PMID: 33800809 PMCID: PMC8001765 DOI: 10.3390/mi12030270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aims at developing a miniaturized CMOS integrated silicon-based microfluidic system, compatible with a standard CMOS process, to enable the characterization, and separation of live and dead yeast cells (as model bio-particle organisms) in a cell mixture using the DEP technique. DEP offers excellent benefits in terms of cost, operational power, and especially easy electrode integration with the CMOS architecture, and requiring label-free sample preparation. This can increase the likeliness of using DEP in practical settings. In this work the DEP force was generated using an interdigitated electrode arrays (IDEs) placed on the bottom of a CMOS-based silicon microfluidic channel. This system was primarily used for the immobilization of yeast cells using DEP. This study validated the system for cell separation applications based on the distinct responses of live and dead cells and their surrounding media. The findings confirmed the device’s capability for efficient, rapid and selective cell separation. The viability of this CMOS embedded microfluidic for dielectrophoretic cell manipulation applications and compatibility of the dielectrophoretic structure with CMOS production line and electronics, enabling its future commercially mass production.
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8
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Wang Q, Zhang X, Yin D, Deng J, Yang J, Hu N. A Continuous Cell Separation and Collection Approach on a Microfilter and Negative Dielectrophoresis Combined Chip. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11121037. [PMID: 33255917 PMCID: PMC7759882 DOI: 10.3390/mi11121037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell separation plays an important role in the fields of analytical chemistry and biomedicine. To solve the blockage problem and improve the separation throughput in the traditional microstructure filtration-based separation approach, a continuous cell separation and collection approach via micropost array railing on a microfilter and negative dielectrophoresis combined chip is proposed. By tilting the micropost array at a certain angle, microparticles or cells enter the collection area under micropost array railing. The effects of the inclination angle of the micropost array and the electrode distance on the microparticle collection efficiency were investigated. Based on the optimized microfluidic chip structure, 37- and 16.3-μm particles were collected with 85% and 89% efficiencies, respectively. Additionally, algal cells were separated and collected by using the optimized microchip. The chip also had good separation and collection effects on biological samples, which effectively solved the blockage problem and improved the separation throughput, laying a foundation for subsequent microstructure filtration separation-based research and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China; (Q.W.); (D.Y.); (J.D.); (J.Y.)
- School of Health and Aging Service, Chongqing City Management College, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China; (Q.W.); (D.Y.); (J.D.); (J.Y.)
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (N.H.); Tel.: +86-23-6510-2291 (N.H.)
| | - Danfen Yin
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China; (Q.W.); (D.Y.); (J.D.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jinan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China; (Q.W.); (D.Y.); (J.D.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China; (Q.W.); (D.Y.); (J.D.); (J.Y.)
| | - Ning Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China; (Q.W.); (D.Y.); (J.D.); (J.Y.)
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (N.H.); Tel.: +86-23-6510-2291 (N.H.)
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Nasiri R, Shamloo A, Ahadian S, Amirifar L, Akbari J, Goudie MJ, Lee K, Ashammakhi N, Dokmeci MR, Di Carlo D, Khademhosseini A. Microfluidic-Based Approaches in Targeted Cell/Particle Separation Based on Physical Properties: Fundamentals and Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2000171. [PMID: 32529791 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202000171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cell separation is a key step in many biomedical research areas including biotechnology, cancer research, regenerative medicine, and drug discovery. While conventional cell sorting approaches have led to high-efficiency sorting by exploiting the cell's specific properties, microfluidics has shown great promise in cell separation by exploiting different physical principles and using different properties of the cells. In particular, label-free cell separation techniques are highly recommended to minimize cell damage and avoid costly and labor-intensive steps of labeling molecular signatures of cells. In general, microfluidic-based cell sorting approaches can separate cells using "intrinsic" (e.g., fluid dynamic forces) versus "extrinsic" external forces (e.g., magnetic, electric field, etc.) and by using different properties of cells including size, density, deformability, shape, as well as electrical, magnetic, and compressibility/acoustic properties to select target cells from a heterogeneous cell population. In this work, principles and applications of the most commonly used label-free microfluidic-based cell separation methods are described. In particular, applications of microfluidic methods for the separation of circulating tumor cells, blood cells, immune cells, stem cells, and other biological cells are summarized. Computational approaches complementing such microfluidic methods are also explained. Finally, challenges and perspectives to further develop microfluidic-based cell separation methods are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohollah Nasiri
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 11365-11155, Iran
| | - Amir Shamloo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 11365-11155, Iran
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Leyla Amirifar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 11365-11155, Iran
| | - Javad Akbari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 11365-11155, Iran
| | - Marcus J Goudie
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - KangJu Lee
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Nureddin Ashammakhi
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Mehmet R Dokmeci
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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10
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Alnaimat F, Karam S, Mathew B, Mathew B. Magnetophoresis and Microfluidics: A Great Union. IEEE NANOTECHNOLOGY MAGAZINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1109/mnano.2020.2966029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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11
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Voronin DV, Kozlova AA, Verkhovskii RA, Ermakov AV, Makarkin MA, Inozemtseva OA, Bratashov DN. Detection of Rare Objects by Flow Cytometry: Imaging, Cell Sorting, and Deep Learning Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2323. [PMID: 32230871 PMCID: PMC7177904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Flow cytometry nowadays is among the main working instruments in modern biology paving the way for clinics to provide early, quick, and reliable diagnostics of many blood-related diseases. The major problem for clinical applications is the detection of rare pathogenic objects in patient blood. These objects can be circulating tumor cells, very rare during the early stages of cancer development, various microorganisms and parasites in the blood during acute blood infections. All of these rare diagnostic objects can be detected and identified very rapidly to save a patient's life. This review outlines the main techniques of visualization of rare objects in the blood flow, methods for extraction of such objects from the blood flow for further investigations and new approaches to identify the objects automatically with the modern deep learning methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis V. Voronin
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
- Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, National University of Oil and Gas (Gubkin University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasiia A. Kozlova
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Roman A. Verkhovskii
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
- School of Urbanistics, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 410054 Saratov, Russia
| | - Alexey V. Ermakov
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail A. Makarkin
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Olga A. Inozemtseva
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Daniil N. Bratashov
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
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12
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Xie Y, Mao Z, Bachman H, Li P, Zhang P, Ren L, Wu M, Huang TJ. Acoustic Cell Separation Based on Density and Mechanical Properties. J Biomech Eng 2020; 142:031005. [PMID: 32006021 PMCID: PMC7104781 DOI: 10.1115/1.4046180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Density and mechanical properties (e.g., compressibility or bulk modulus) are important cellular biophysical markers. As such, developing a method to separate cells directly based on these properties can benefit various applications including biological research, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutics. As a potential solution, surface acoustic wave (SAW)-based cell separation has demonstrated advantages in terms of biocompatibility and compact device size. However, most SAW-reliant cell separations are achieved using an entangled effect of density, various mechanical properties, and size. In this work, we demonstrate SAW-based separation of cells/particles based on their density and compressibility, irrespective of their sizes, by manipulating the acoustic properties of the fluidic medium. Using our platform, SAW-based separation is achieved by varying the dimensions of the microfluidic channels, the wavelengths of acoustic signals, and the properties of the fluid media. Our method was applied to separate paraformaldehyde-treated and fresh Hela cells based on differences in mechanical properties; a recovery rate of 85% for fixed cells was achieved. It was also applied to separate red blood cells (RBCs) and white blood cells (WBCs) which have different densities. A recovery rate of 80.5% for WBCs was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Xie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State
University, University Park, State College, PA
16802
| | - Zhangming Mao
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The
Pennsylvania State University, University
Park, State College, PA 16802
| | - Hunter Bachman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science,
Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The
Pennsylvania State University, University
Park, State College, PA 16802
| | - Peiran Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science,
Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Liqiang Ren
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The
Pennsylvania State University, University
Park, State College, PA 16802
| | - Mengxi Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science,
Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science,
Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
e-mail:
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13
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Zhu S, Jiang F, Han Y, Xiang N, Ni Z. Microfluidics for label-free sorting of rare circulating tumor cells. Analyst 2020; 145:7103-7124. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an01148g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A review discussing the working principles and performances of label-free CTC sorting methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Fengtao Jiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Yu Han
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Nan Xiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Zhonghua Ni
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
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14
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Zhou J, Mukherjee P, Gao H, Luan Q, Papautsky I. Label-free microfluidic sorting of microparticles. APL Bioeng 2019; 3:041504. [PMID: 31832577 PMCID: PMC6906121 DOI: 10.1063/1.5120501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Massive growth of the microfluidics field has triggered numerous advances in focusing, separating, ordering, concentrating, and mixing of microparticles. Microfluidic systems capable of performing these functions are rapidly finding applications in industrial, environmental, and biomedical fields. Passive and label-free methods are one of the major categories of such systems that have received enormous attention owing to device operational simplicity and low costs. With new platforms continuously being proposed, our aim here is to provide an updated overview of the state of the art for passive label-free microparticle separation, with emphasis on performance and operational conditions. In addition to the now common separation approaches using Newtonian flows, such as deterministic lateral displacement, pinched flow fractionation, cross-flow filtration, hydrodynamic filtration, and inertial microfluidics, we also discuss separation approaches using non-Newtonian, viscoelastic flow. We then highlight the newly emerging approach based on shear-induced diffusion, which enables direct processing of complex samples such as untreated whole blood. Finally, we hope that an improved understanding of label-free passive sorting approaches can lead to sophisticated and useful platforms toward automation in industrial, environmental, and biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Prithviraj Mukherjee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Hua Gao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Qiyue Luan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Ian Papautsky
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
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15
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Zhang P, Chen C, Guo F, Philippe J, Gu Y, Tian Z, Bachman H, Ren L, Yang S, Zhong Z, Huang PH, Katsanis N, Chakrabarty K, Huang TJ. Contactless, programmable acoustofluidic manipulation of objects on water. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:3397-3404. [PMID: 31508644 PMCID: PMC6934417 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00465c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Contact-free manipulation of small objects (e.g., cells, tissues, and droplets) using acoustic waves eliminates physical contact with structures and undesired surface adsorption. Pioneering acoustic-based, contact-free manipulation techniques (e.g., acoustic levitation) enable programmable manipulation but are limited by evaporation, bulky transducers, and inefficient acoustic coupling in air. Herein, we report an acoustofluidic mechanism for the contactless manipulation of small objects on water. A hollow-square-shaped interdigital transducer (IDT) is fabricated on lithium niobate (LiNbO3), immersed in water and used as a sound source to generate acoustic waves and as a micropump to pump fluid in the ±x and ±y orthogonal directions. As a result, objects which float adjacent to the excited IDT can be pushed unidirectionally (horizontally) in ±x and ±y following the directed acoustic wave propagation. A fluidic processor was developed by patterning IDT units in a 6-by-6 array. We demonstrate contactless, programmable manipulation on water of oil droplets and zebrafish larvae. This acoustofluidic-based manipulation opens avenues for the contactless, programmable processing of materials and small biosamples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiran Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, NC 27708, USA.
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16
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Kumar M, Yadav S, Kumar A, Sharma NN, Akhtar J, Singh K. MEMS impedance flow cytometry designs for effective manipulation of micro entities in health care applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 142:111526. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Catarino SO, Rodrigues RO, Pinho D, Miranda JM, Minas G, Lima R. Blood Cells Separation and Sorting Techniques of Passive Microfluidic Devices: From Fabrication to Applications. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10090593. [PMID: 31510012 PMCID: PMC6780402 DOI: 10.3390/mi10090593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Since the first microfluidic device was developed more than three decades ago, microfluidics is seen as a technology that exhibits unique features to provide a significant change in the way that modern biology is performed. Blood and blood cells are recognized as important biomarkers of many diseases. Taken advantage of microfluidics assets, changes on blood cell physicochemical properties can be used for fast and accurate clinical diagnosis. In this review, an overview of the microfabrication techniques is given, especially for biomedical applications, as well as a synopsis of some design considerations regarding microfluidic devices. The blood cells separation and sorting techniques were also reviewed, highlighting the main achievements and breakthroughs in the last decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana O Catarino
- Center for MicroElectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Raquel O Rodrigues
- Center for MicroElectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Diana Pinho
- Research Centre in Digitalization and Intelligent Robotics (CeDRI), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- CEFT, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP), Rua Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - João M Miranda
- CEFT, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP), Rua Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Graça Minas
- Center for MicroElectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui Lima
- CEFT, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP), Rua Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
- MEtRICs, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal.
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18
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Ozbey A, Karimzadehkhouei M, Kocaturk NM, Bilir SE, Kutlu O, Gozuacik D, Kosar A. Inertial focusing of cancer cell lines in curvilinear microchannels. MICRO AND NANO ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mne.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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19
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Al-Ajrash SMN, Lafdi K, Vasquez ES, Chinesta F, Le Coustumer P. Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Silicon Particle Distribution in Electrospun Nanofibers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:7147-7152. [PMID: 29800513 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The properties of ceramic materials are dependent on crystal sizes and their distribution. These parameters can be controlled using electrospinning of the two-phase mixed system. The preceramic solution consists of silicon nanoparticles and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) polymer mixture. Particle distribution during the electrospinning technique was characterized using transmission electron microscopy and modeled using the finite element method. The experimental and numerical results were in agreement. Large silicon particles were located in the skin and the smaller ones were located at the core. This was illustrated by the migration rate from the core, which was the fastest for large particles and diminished as the particles become smaller in size. The threshold for Stokes number was found to be around 2.2 × 10-4 with a critical particle size of 1.0 × 10-7 m in diameter. The current results are very promising, as it demonstrated a novel way for the fabrication of PAN/Si ceramic nanofibers with a gradient of particle size and properties from the skin to the core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saja M Nabat Al-Ajrash
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering , University of Dayton , 300 College Park , Dayton , Ohio 45469 , United States
| | - Khalid Lafdi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering , University of Dayton , 300 College Park , Dayton , Ohio 45469 , United States
| | - Erick S Vasquez
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering , University of Dayton , 300 College Park , Dayton , Ohio 45469 , United States
| | - Francisco Chinesta
- Centrale Nantes , 1 rue de la Noe , BP 92101, 44321 Nantes Cedex 3 , France
| | - Philippe Le Coustumer
- University of Bordeaux , UF STE, B.18 Allée G. Saint-Hilaire , CS 50023, 33615 Pessac Cedex , France
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20
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Alnaimat F, Dagher S, Mathew B, Hilal‐Alnqbi A, Khashan S. Microfluidics Based Magnetophoresis: A Review. CHEM REC 2018; 18:1596-1612. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fadi Alnaimat
- Mechanical Engineering DepartmentCollege of EngineeringUAE University Al Ain Abu Dhabi UAE
| | - Sawsan Dagher
- Mechanical Engineering DepartmentCollege of EngineeringUAE University Al Ain Abu Dhabi UAE
| | - Bobby Mathew
- Mechanical Engineering DepartmentCollege of EngineeringUAE University Al Ain Abu Dhabi UAE
| | - Ali Hilal‐Alnqbi
- Mechanical Engineering DepartmentCollege of EngineeringUAE University Al Ain Abu Dhabi UAE
- Abu Dhabi Polytechnic Abu Dhabi UAE
| | - Saud Khashan
- Mechanical Engineering DepartmentJordan University of Science and Technology Irbid Jordan
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21
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HUANG S, HE YQ, JIAO F. Advances of Particles/Cells Magnetic Manipulation in Microfluidic Chips. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(17)61033-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Shakeel Syed M, Rafeie M, Henderson R, Vandamme D, Asadnia M, Ebrahimi Warkiani M. A 3D-printed mini-hydrocyclone for high throughput particle separation: application to primary harvesting of microalgae. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:2459-2469. [PMID: 28695927 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00294g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The separation of micro-sized particles in a continuous flow is crucial part of many industrial processes, from biopharmaceutical manufacturing to water treatment. Conventional separation techniques such as centrifugation and membrane filtration are largely limited by factors such as clogging, processing time and operation efficiency. Microfluidic based techniques have been gaining great attention in recent years as efficient and powerful approaches for particle-liquid separation. Yet the production of such systems using standard micro-fabrication techniques is proven to be tedious, costly and have cumbersome user interfaces, which all render commercialization difficult. Here, we demonstrate the design, fabrication and evaluation based on CFD simulation as well as experimentation of 3D-printed miniaturized hydrocyclones with smaller cut-size for high-throughput particle/cell sorting. The characteristics of the mini-cyclones were numerically investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques previously revealing that reduction in the size of the cyclone results in smaller cut-size of the particles. To showcase its utility, high-throughput algae harvesting from the medium with low energy input is demonstrated for the marine microalgae Tetraselmis suecica. Final microalgal biomass concentration was increased by 7.13 times in 11 minutes of operation time using our designed hydrocyclone (HC-1). We expect that this elegant approach can surmount the shortcomings of other microfluidic technologies such as clogging, low-throughput, cost and difficulty in operation. By moving away from production of planar microfluidic systems using conventional microfabrication techniques and embracing 3D-printing technology for construction of discrete elements, we envision 3D-printed mini-cyclones can be part of a library of standardized active and passive microfluidic components, suitable for particle-liquid separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maira Shakeel Syed
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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23
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Paulitsch-Fuchs AH, Zsohár A, Wexler AD, Zauner A, Kittinger C, de Valença J, Fuchs EC. Behavioral study of selected microorganisms in an aqueous electrohydrodynamic liquid bridge. Biochem Biophys Rep 2017; 10:287-296. [PMID: 29114576 PMCID: PMC5627143 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An aqueous electrohydrodynamic (EHD) floating liquid bridge is a unique environment for studying the influence of protonic currents (mA cm-2) in strong DC electric fields (kV cm-1) on the behavior of microorganisms. It forms in between two beakers filled with water when high-voltage is applied to these beakers. We recently discovered that exposure to this bridge has a stimulating effect on Escherichia coli.. In this work we show that the survival is due to a natural Faraday cage effect of the cell wall of these microorganisms using a simple 2D model. We further confirm this hypothesis by measuring and simulating the behavior of Bacillus subtilis subtilis, Neochloris oleoabundans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and THP-1 monocytes. Their behavior matches the predictions of the model: cells without a natural Faraday cage like algae and monocytes are mostly killed and weakened, whereas yeast and Bacillus subtilis subtilis survive. The effect of the natural Faraday cage is twofold: First, it diverts the current from passing through the cell (and thereby killing it); secondly, because it is protonic it maintains the osmotic pressure in the cell wall, thereby mitigating cytolysis which would normally occur due to the low osmotic pressure of the surrounding medium. The method presented provides the basis for selective disinfection of solutions containing different microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid H. Paulitsch-Fuchs
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology,
Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
- Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical
University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Zsohár
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology,
Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Adam D. Wexler
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology,
Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Zauner
- Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical
University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Clemens Kittinger
- Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical
University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Joeri de Valença
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology,
Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Elmar C. Fuchs
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology,
Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
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24
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Wang N, Liu R, Sarioglu AF. Microfluidic Platform with Multiplexed Electronic Detection for Spatial Tracking of Particles. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28362379 DOI: 10.3791/55311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic processing of biological samples typically involves differential manipulations of suspended particles under various force fields in order to spatially fractionate the sample based on a biological property of interest. For the resultant spatial distribution to be used as the assay readout, microfluidic devices are often subjected to microscopic analysis requiring complex instrumentation with higher cost and reduced portability. To address this limitation, we have developed an integrated electronic sensing technology for multiplexed detection of particles at different locations on a microfluidic chip. Our technology, called Microfluidic CODES, combines Resistive Pulse Sensing with Code Division Multiple Access to compress 2D spatial information into a 1D electrical signal. In this paper, we present a practical demonstration of the Microfluidic CODES technology to detect and size cultured cancer cells distributed over multiple microfluidic channels. As validated by the high-speed microscopy, our technology can accurately analyze dense cell populations all electronically without the need for an external instrument. As such, the Microfluidic CODES can potentially enable low-cost integrated lab-on-a-chip devices that are well suited for the point-of-care testing of biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningquan Wang
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
| | - Ruxiu Liu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
| | - A Fatih Sarioglu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology; Institute of Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology; Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology;
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25
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Advances in Micro- and Nanotechnologies for Stem Cell-Based Translational Applications. STEM CELL BIOLOGY AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-29149-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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26
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Alazzam A, Mathew B, Khashan S. Microfluidic Platforms for Bio-applications. ADVANCED MECHATRONICS AND MEMS DEVICES II 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-32180-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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27
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Du M, Kalia N, Frumento G, Chen F, Zhang Z. Biomechanical properties of human T cells in the process of activation based on diametric compression by micromanipulation. Med Eng Phys 2016; 40:20-27. [PMID: 27939098 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A crucial step in enabling adoptive T cell therapy is the isolation of antigen (Ag)-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes. Mechanical changes that accompany CD8+ T lymphocyte activation and migration from circulating blood across endothelial cells into target tissue, may be used as parameters for microfluidic sorting of activated CD8+ T cells. CD8+ T cells were activated in vitro using anti-CD3 for a total of 4 days, and samples of cells were mechanically tested on day 0 prior to activation and on day 2 and 4 post-activation using a micromanipulation technique. The diameter of activated CD8+ T cells was significantly larger than resting cells suggesting that activation was accompanied by an increase in cell volume. While the Young's modulus value as determined by the force versus displacement data up to a nominal deformation of 10% decreased after activation, this may be due to the activation causing a weakening of the cell membrane and cytoskeleton. However, nominal rupture tension determined by compressing single cells to large deformations until rupture, decreased from day 0 to day 2, and then recovered on day 4 post-activation. This may be related to the mechanical properties of the cell nucleus. These novel data show unique biomechanical changes of activated CD8+ T cells which may be further exploited for the development of new microfluidic cell separation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Du
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Neena Kalia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Guido Frumento
- Institute of Immunogy and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; NHS Blood and Transplant, Vincent Drive, Birmingham B15 2SG, UK
| | - Frederick Chen
- Institute of Immunogy and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; NHS Blood and Transplant, Vincent Drive, Birmingham B15 2SG, UK.
| | - Zhibing Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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28
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Li D, Lu X, Xuan X. Viscoelastic Separation of Particles by Size in Straight Rectangular Microchannels: A Parametric Study for a Refined Understanding. Anal Chem 2016; 88:12303-12309. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Di Li
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0921, United States
| | - Xinyu Lu
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0921, United States
| | - Xiangchun Xuan
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0921, United States
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29
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Abdel Fattah AR, Meleca E, Mishriki S, Lelic A, Geng F, Sahu RP, Ghosh S, Puri IK. In Situ 3D Label-Free Contactless Bioprinting of Cells through Diamagnetophoresis. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:2133-2138. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Rahman Abdel Fattah
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, §School of Biomedical Engineering, ⊥McMaster Immunology
Research Center, and ∥Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, OntarioL8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Elvira Meleca
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, §School of Biomedical Engineering, ⊥McMaster Immunology
Research Center, and ∥Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, OntarioL8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Sarah Mishriki
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, §School of Biomedical Engineering, ⊥McMaster Immunology
Research Center, and ∥Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, OntarioL8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Alina Lelic
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, §School of Biomedical Engineering, ⊥McMaster Immunology
Research Center, and ∥Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, OntarioL8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Fei Geng
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, §School of Biomedical Engineering, ⊥McMaster Immunology
Research Center, and ∥Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, OntarioL8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Rakesh P. Sahu
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, §School of Biomedical Engineering, ⊥McMaster Immunology
Research Center, and ∥Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, OntarioL8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Suvojit Ghosh
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, §School of Biomedical Engineering, ⊥McMaster Immunology
Research Center, and ∥Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, OntarioL8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Ishwar K. Puri
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, §School of Biomedical Engineering, ⊥McMaster Immunology
Research Center, and ∥Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, OntarioL8S 4L7, Canada
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30
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Barani A, Paktinat H, Janmaleki M, Mohammadi A, Mosaddegh P, Fadaei-Tehrani A, Sanati-Nezhad A. Microfluidic integrated acoustic waving for manipulation of cells and molecules. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 85:714-725. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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31
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SalmanOgli A, Farhadnia F, Piskin E. Separation by nanoparticles plasmonic resonance with low stress in microfluidics channel (analytical and design). IET Nanobiotechnol 2016; 10:230-6. [PMID: 27463794 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2015.0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, nanoparticles near-field plasmonic resonance is used to improve the traditional cell separation main outputs such as viability and efficiency. The live cells viability is severely depend on stresses, which are applied on cells in the microfluidics channel. Hence, for improving the cell viability, the enforced stresses inside of the structure should be declined. The major factors of the enforced stresses are related to the electric field non-uniformity, which are attributed to the hurdles and applied voltage magnitude. Therefore, in this study, a new structure is presented and thereby, the magnitude of the applied stresses on live cells is minimised which is contributed to the decreasing the non-uniformity strength of channel. It should be noted that in the new structure two arrays of nanoparticles were used to produce a short range and localised non-uniform electrical field because of their near-field plasmonic resonance. Hence, the enforced stress on the live cell severely decreased at the far-field and confined at the small section of the channel. It is due to, the near-field plasmonic amplitude is dramatically disappeared by increasing distance, hence, the cells far from the nanoparticles will be endured the low level but effective amount of the optical force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad SalmanOgli
- Chemical Engineering Department, Bioengineering Division, Hacettepe University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey.
| | | | - Erhan Piskin
- Chemical Engineering Department, Bioengineering Division, Hacettepe University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
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32
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Zhao W, Cheng R, Miller JR, Mao L. Label-Free Microfluidic Manipulation of Particles and Cells in Magnetic Liquids. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2016; 26:3916-3932. [PMID: 28663720 PMCID: PMC5487005 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201504178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Manipulating particles and cells in magnetic liquids through so-called "negative magnetophoresis" is a new research field. It has resulted in label-free and low-cost manipulation techniques in microfluidic systems and many exciting applications. It is the goal of this review to introduce the fundamental principles of negative magnetophoresis and its recent applications in microfluidic manipulation of particles and cells. We will first discuss the theoretical background of three commonly used specificities of manipulation in magnetic liquids, which include the size, density and magnetic property of particles and cells. We will then review and compare the media used in negative magnetophoresis, which include paramagnetic salt solutions and ferrofluids. Afterwards, we will focus on reviewing existing microfluidic applications of negative magnetophoresis, including separation, focusing, trapping and concentration of particles and cells, determination of cell density, measurement of particles' magnetic susceptibility, and others. We will also examine the need for developing biocompatible magnetic liquids for live cell manipulation and analysis, and its recent progress. Finally, we will conclude this review with a brief outlook for this exciting research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wujun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Rui Cheng
- College of Engineering, The University of Georgia, 220 Riverbend Road, Room 166, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Joshua R Miller
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Leidong Mao
- College of Engineering, The University of Georgia, 220 Riverbend Road, Room 166, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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Zhao W, Zhu T, Cheng R, Liu Y, He J, Qiu H, Wang L, Nagy T, Querec TD, Unger ER, Mao L. Label-Free and Continuous-Flow Ferrohydrodynamic Separation of HeLa Cells and Blood Cells in Biocompatible Ferrofluids. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2016; 26:3990-3998. [PMID: 27478429 PMCID: PMC4963013 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201503838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a label-free, low-cost, and fast ferrohydrodynamic cell separation scheme is demonstrated using HeLa cells (an epithelial cell line) and red blood cells. The separation is based on cell size difference, and conducted in a custom-made biocompatible ferrofluid that retains the viability of cells during and after the assay for downstream analysis. The scheme offers moderate-throughput (≈106 cells h-1 for a single channel device) and extremely high recovery rate (>99%) without the use of any label. It is envisioned that this separation scheme will have clinical applications in settings where rapid cell enrichment and removal of contaminating blood will improve efficiency of screening and diagnosis such as cervical cancer screening based on mixed populations in exfoliated samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wujun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Taotao Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Rui Cheng
- College of Engineering, The University of Georgia, 220 Riverbend Road Room, 166, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Yufei Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Jian He
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Hong Qiu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Lianchun Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Tamas Nagy
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Troy D. Querec
- Chronic Viral Diseases Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic, Infectious Diseases Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Elizabeth R. Unger
- Chronic Viral Diseases Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic, Infectious Diseases Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Leidong Mao
- College of Engineering, The University of Georgia, 220 Riverbend Road Room, 166, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Jin Y, Yang N, Tong Q, Jin Z, Xu X. Rotary magnetic field combined with pipe fluid technique for efficient extraction of pumpkin polysaccharides. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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35
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Abdel Fattah AR, Ghosh S, Puri IK. High gradient magnetic field microstructures for magnetophoretic cell separation. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1027:194-9. [PMID: 27294532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidics has advanced magnetic blood fractionation by making integrated miniature devices possible. A ferromagnetic microstructure array that is integrated with a microfluidic channel rearranges an applied magnetic field to create a high gradient magnetic field (HGMF). By leveraging the differential magnetic susceptibilities of cell types contained in a host medium, such as paramagnetic red blood cells (RBCs) and diamagnetic white blood cells (WBCs), the resulting HGMF can be used to continuously separate them without attaching additional labels, such as magnetic beads, to them. We describe the effect of these ferromagnetic microstructure geometries have on the blood separation efficacy by numerically simulating the influence of microstructure height and pitch on the HGMF characteristics and resulting RBC separation. Visualizations of RBC trajectories provide insight into how arrays can be optimized to best separate these cells from a host fluid. Periodic microstructures are shown to moderate the applied field due to magnetic interference between the adjacent teeth of an array. Since continuous microstructures do not similarly weaken the resultant HGMF, they facilitate significantly higher RBC separation. Nevertheless, periodic arrays are more appropriate for relatively deep microchannels since, unlike continuous microstructures, their separation effectiveness is independent of depth. The results are relevant to the design of microfluidic devices that leverage HGMFs to fractionate blood by separating RBCs and WBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suvojit Ghosh
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ishwar K Puri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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36
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Lee D, Hwang B, Kim B. The potential of a dielectrophoresis activated cell sorter (DACS) as a next generation cell sorter. MICRO AND NANO SYSTEMS LETTERS 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s40486-016-0028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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37
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Mandal S, Bandopadhyay A, Chakraborty S. Effect of surface charge convection and shape deformation on the dielectrophoretic motion of a liquid drop. Phys Rev E 2016; 93:043127. [PMID: 27176410 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.93.043127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The dielectrophoretic motion and shape deformation of a Newtonian liquid drop in an otherwise quiescent Newtonian liquid medium in the presence of an axisymmetric nonuniform dc electric field consisting of uniform and quadrupole components is investigated. The theory put forward by Feng [J. Q. Feng, Phys. Rev. E 54, 4438 (1996)10.1103/PhysRevE.54.4438] is generalized by incorporating the following two nonlinear effects-surface charge convection and shape deformation-towards determining the drop velocity. This two-way coupled moving boundary problem is solved analytically by considering small values of electric Reynolds number (ratio of charge relaxation time scale to the convection time scale) and electric capillary number (ratio of electrical stress to the surface tension) under the framework of the leaky dielectric model. We focus on investigating the effects of charge convection and shape deformation for different drop-medium combinations. A perfectly conducting drop suspended in a leaky (or perfectly) dielectric medium always deforms to a prolate shape and this kind of shape deformation always augments the dielectrophoretic drop velocity. For a perfectly dielectric drop suspended in a perfectly dielectric medium, the shape deformation leads to either increase (for prolate shape) or decrease (for oblate shape) in the dielectrophoretic drop velocity. Both surface charge convection and shape deformation affect the drop motion for leaky dielectric drops. The combined effect of these can significantly increase or decrease the dielectrophoretic drop velocity depending on the electrohydrodynamic properties of both the liquids and the relative strength of the electric Reynolds number and electric capillary number. Finally, comparison with the existing experiments reveals better agreement with the present theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhadeep Mandal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal-721302, India
| | - Aditya Bandopadhyay
- Université de Rennes 1, CNRS, Géosciences Rennes UMR 6118, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Suman Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal-721302, India
- Université de Rennes 1, CNRS, Géosciences Rennes UMR 6118, 35042 Rennes, France
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38
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Ngamsom B, Lopez-Martinez MJ, Raymond JC, Broyer P, Patel P, Pamme N. On-chip acoustophoretic isolation of microflora including S. typhimurium from raw chicken, beef and blood samples. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 123:79-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Liu Z, Kim YJ, Wang H, Han A. Effects of fluid medium flow and spatial temperature variation on acoustophoretic motion of microparticles in microfluidic channels. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2016; 139:332-49. [PMID: 26827029 DOI: 10.1121/1.4939737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A numerical modeling method for accurately predicting the acoustophoretic motion of compressible microparticles in microfluidic devices is presented to consider the effects of fluid medium flow and spatial temperature variation that can significantly influence the acoustophoretic motion. In the proposed method, zeroth-order fluid medium flow and temperature, and first- and second-order acoustic fields in the microfluidic devices are first calculated by applying quadratic mapping functions and a second-order finite difference method (FDM) to perturbed mass, momentum, and energy conservation equations and state equation. Then, the acoustic radiation force is obtained based on the Gorkov's acoustic radiation force equation and applied to the Newton's Equation of Motion to calculate the microparticle motion. The proposed method was validated by comparing its results to a commercial software package, COMSOL Multiphysics results, one-dimensional, analytical modeling results, and experimental results. It is shown that the fluid medium flow affects the acoustic radiation force and streaming significantly, resulting in the acoustic radiation force and streaming prediction errors of 10.9% and 67.4%, respectively, when the fluid medium flow speed is increased from 0 to 1 m/s. A local temperature elevation from 20 °C to 22 °C also results in the prediction errors of 88.4% and 73.4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzheng Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3123, USA
| | - Yong-Joe Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3123, USA
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3128, USA
| | - Arum Han
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3128, USA
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40
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Novo P, Dell'Aica M, Janasek D, Zahedi RP. High spatial and temporal resolution cell manipulation techniques in microchannels. Analyst 2016; 141:1888-905. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an00027d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Reviewing latest developments on lab on chips for enhanced control of cells’ experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Novo
- Protein Dynamics Group
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS - e.V
- 44227 Dortmund
- Germany
| | - Margherita Dell'Aica
- Protein Dynamics Group
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS - e.V
- 44227 Dortmund
- Germany
| | - Dirk Janasek
- Protein Dynamics Group
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS - e.V
- 44227 Dortmund
- Germany
| | - René P. Zahedi
- Protein Dynamics Group
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS - e.V
- 44227 Dortmund
- Germany
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41
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Warkiani ME, Wu L, Tay AKP, Han J. Large-Volume Microfluidic Cell Sorting for Biomedical Applications. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2015; 17:1-34. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071114-040818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore–MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Singapore 138602;
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Lidan Wu
- Department of Biological Engineering and
| | - Andy Kah Ping Tay
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore–MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Singapore 138602;
| | - Jongyoon Han
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore–MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Singapore 138602;
- Department of Biological Engineering and
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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42
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Alvankarian J, Majlis BY. Tunable Microfluidic Devices for Hydrodynamic Fractionation of Cells and Beads: A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2015; 15:29685-701. [PMID: 26610519 PMCID: PMC4701354 DOI: 10.3390/s151129685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The adjustable microfluidic devices that have been developed for hydrodynamic-based fractionation of beads and cells are important for fast performance tunability through interaction of mechanical properties of particles in fluid flow and mechanically flexible microstructures. In this review, the research works reported on fabrication and testing of the tunable elastomeric microfluidic devices for applications such as separation, filtration, isolation, and trapping of single or bulk of microbeads or cells are discussed. Such microfluidic systems for rapid performance alteration are classified in two groups of bulk deformation of microdevices using external mechanical forces, and local deformation of microstructures using flexible membrane by pneumatic pressure. The main advantage of membrane-based tunable systems has been addressed to be the high capability of integration with other microdevice components. The stretchable devices based on bulk deformation of microstructures have in common advantage of simplicity in design and fabrication process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Alvankarian
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, National University of Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Burhanuddin Yeop Majlis
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, National University of Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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43
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Wu Y, Kanna MS, Liu C, Zhou Y, Chan CK. Generation of Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma by the Ultrasonic Standing Waves. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2015; 63:1642-52. [PMID: 26126268 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2015.2449832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a volume of autologous plasma that has a higher platelet concentration above baseline. It has already been approved as a new therapeutic modality and investigated in clinics, such as bone repair and regeneration, and oral surgery, with low cost-effectiveness ratio. At present, PRP is mostly prepared using a centrifuge. However, this method has several shortcomings, such as long preparation time (30 min), complexity in operation, and contamination of red blood cells (RBCs). In this paper, a new PRP preparation approach was proposed and tested. Ultrasound waves (4.5 MHz) generated from piezoelectric ceramics can establish standing waves inside a syringe filled with the whole blood. Subsequently, RBCs would accumulate at the locations of pressure nodes in response to acoustic radiation force, and the formed clusters would have a high speed of sedimentation. It is found that the PRP prepared by the proposed device can achieve higher platelet concentration and less RBCs contamination than a commercial centrifugal device, but similar growth factor (i.e., PDGF-ββ). In addition, the sedimentation process under centrifugation and sonication was simulated using the Mason-Weaver equation and compared with each other to illustrate the differences between these two technologies and to optimize the design in the future. Altogether, ultrasound method is an effective method of PRP preparation with comparable outcomes as the commercially available centrifugal products.
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44
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Antfolk M, Antfolk C, Lilja H, Laurell T, Augustsson P. A single inlet two-stage acoustophoresis chip enabling tumor cell enrichment from white blood cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:2102-9. [PMID: 25824937 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00078e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic disease is responsible for most cancer deaths, and hematogenous spread through circulating tumor cells (CTC) is a prerequisite for tumor dissemination. CTCs may undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition where many epithelial cell characteristics are lost. Therefore, CTC isolation systems relying on epithelial cell markers are at risk of losing important subpopulations of cells. Here, a simple acoustophoresis-based cell separation instrument is presented. Cells are uniquely separated while maintained in their initial suspending medium, thus eliminating the need for a secondary cell-free medium to hydrodynamically pre-position them before the separation. When characterizing the system using polystyrene particles, 99.6 ± 0.2% of 7 μm diameter particles were collected through one outlet while 98.8 ± 0.5% of 5 μm particles were recovered through a second outlet. Prostate cancer cells (DU145) spiked into blood were enriched from white blood cells at a sample flow rate of 100 μL min(-1) providing 86.5 ± 6.7% recovery of the cancer cells with 1.1 ± 0.2% contamination of white blood cells. By increasing the acoustic intensity a recovery of 94.8 ± 2.8% of cancer cells was achieved with 2.2 ± 0.6% contamination of white blood cells. The single inlet approach makes this instrument insensitive to acoustic impedance mismatch; a phenomenon reported to importantly affect accuracy in multi-laminar flow stream acoustophoresis. It also offers a possibility of concentrating the recovered cells in the chip, as opposed to systems relying on hydrodynamic pre-positioning which commonly dilute the target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antfolk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Lu
- Department
of Mechanical
Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0921, United States
| | - Xiangchun Xuan
- Department
of Mechanical
Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0921, United States
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46
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Shields CW, Reyes CD, López GP. Microfluidic cell sorting: a review of the advances in the separation of cells from debulking to rare cell isolation. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:1230-49. [PMID: 25598308 PMCID: PMC4331226 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc01246a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 548] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Accurate and high throughput cell sorting is a critical enabling technology in molecular and cellular biology, biotechnology, and medicine. While conventional methods can provide high efficiency sorting in short timescales, advances in microfluidics have enabled the realization of miniaturized devices offering similar capabilities that exploit a variety of physical principles. We classify these technologies as either active or passive. Active systems generally use external fields (e.g., acoustic, electric, magnetic, and optical) to impose forces to displace cells for sorting, whereas passive systems use inertial forces, filters, and adhesion mechanisms to purify cell populations. Cell sorting on microchips provides numerous advantages over conventional methods by reducing the size of necessary equipment, eliminating potentially biohazardous aerosols, and simplifying the complex protocols commonly associated with cell sorting. Additionally, microchip devices are well suited for parallelization, enabling complete lab-on-a-chip devices for cellular isolation, analysis, and experimental processing. In this review, we examine the breadth of microfluidic cell sorting technologies, while focusing on those that offer the greatest potential for translation into clinical and industrial practice and that offer multiple, useful functions. We organize these sorting technologies by the type of cell preparation required (i.e., fluorescent label-based sorting, bead-based sorting, and label-free sorting) as well as by the physical principles underlying each sorting mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wyatt Shields
- NSF Research Triangle Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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47
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Hejazian M, Li W, Nguyen NT. Lab on a chip for continuous-flow magnetic cell separation. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:959-70. [PMID: 25537573 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc01422g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Separation of cells is a key application area of lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices. Among the various methods, magnetic separation of cells utilizing microfluidic devices offers the merits of biocompatibility, efficiency, and simplicity. This review discusses the fundamental physics involved in using magnetic force to separate particles, and identifies the optimisation parameters and corresponding methods for increasing the magnetic force. The paper then elaborates the design considerations of LOC devices for continuous-flow magnetic cell separation. Examples from the recently published literature illustrate these state-of-the-art techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Hejazian
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia.
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48
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Testa G, Persichetti G, Bernini R. Micro flow cytometer with self-aligned 3D hydrodynamic focusing. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:54-62. [PMID: 25657874 PMCID: PMC4317119 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.000054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A micro flow cytometer with a single step 3D hydrodynamic flow focusing has been developed. The proposed design is capable to create a single-file particle stream that is self-aligned with an integrated optical fiber-based detection system, regardless of the flow rate ratio between the focusing and core liquids. The design approach provides the ability to adjust the stream size while keeping the position of the focused stream centered with respect to the focusing channel. The device has been fabricated by direct micro milling of PMMA sheets. Experimental validation of the hydrodynamic sheath focusing effect has been presented and sample stream with tuneable size from about 18 to 50 μm was measured. Flow cytometry measurements have been performed by using 10-23 μm fluorescent particles. From the analysis of the signals collected at each transit event we can confirm that the device was capable to align and measure microparticles with a good coefficient of variance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genni Testa
- Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA), National Research Council, (CNR), Via Diocleziano 328, 80124 Napoli,
Italy
| | - Gianluca Persichetti
- Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA), National Research Council, (CNR), Via Diocleziano 328, 80124 Napoli,
Italy
| | - Romeo Bernini
- Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA), National Research Council, (CNR), Via Diocleziano 328, 80124 Napoli,
Italy
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49
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Patel MV, Nanayakkara IA, Simon MG, Lee AP. Cavity-induced microstreaming for simultaneous on-chip pumping and size-based separation of cells and particles. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:3860-72. [PMID: 25124727 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00447g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We present a microfluidic platform for simultaneous on-chip pumping and size-based separation of cells and particles without external fluidic control systems required for most existing platforms. The device utilizes an array of acoustically actuated air/liquid interfaces generated using dead-end side channels termed Lateral Cavity Acoustic Transducers (LCATs). The oscillating interfaces generate local streaming flow while the angle of the LCATs relative to the main channel generates a global bulk flow from the inlet to the outlet. The interaction of these two competing velocity fields (i.e. global bulk velocity vs. local streaming velocity) is responsible for the observed separation. It is shown that the separation of 5 μm and 10 μm polystyrene beads is dependent on the ratio of these two competing velocity fields. The experimental and simulation results suggest that particle trajectories based only on Stokes drag force cannot fully explain the separation behavior and that the impact of additional forces due to the oscillating flow field must be considered to determine the trajectory of the beads and ultimately the separation behavior of the device. To demonstrate an application of this separation platform with cellular components, smaller red blood cells (7.5 ± 0.8 μm) are separated from larger K562 cells (16.3 ± 2.0 μm) with viabilities comparable to those of controls based on a trypan blue exclusion assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maulik V Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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50
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Abstract
When Segré and Silberberg in 1961 witnessed particles in a laminar pipe flow congregating at an annulus in the pipe, scientists were perplexed and spent decades learning why such behavior occurred, finally understanding that it was caused by previously unknown forces on particles in an inertial flow. The advent of microfluidics opened a new realm of possibilities for inertial focusing in the processing of biological fluids and cellular suspensions and created a field that is now rapidly expanding. Over the past five years, inertial focusing has enabled high-throughput, simple, and precise manipulation of bodily fluids for a myriad of applications in point-of-care and clinical diagnostics. This review describes the theoretical developments that have made the field of inertial focusing what it is today and presents the key applications that will make inertial focusing a mainstream technology in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Martel
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts 02114;
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