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Camp JV, Redlberger-Fritz M. Increased cases of influenza C virus in children and adults in Austria, 2022. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28201. [PMID: 36210349 PMCID: PMC10091750 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Sentinel surveillance of influenza-like illnesses revealed an increase in the cases of influenza C virus in children and adults in Austria, 2022, compared to previous years, following one season (2020/2021), wherein no influenza C virus was detected. Whole-genome sequencing revealed no obvious genetic basis for the increase. We propose that the reemergence is explained by waning immunity from lack of community exposure due to restrictions intended to limit severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spread in prior seasons, pending further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy V Camp
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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2
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Daniels RS, Tse H, Ermetal B, Xiang Z, Jackson DJ, Guntoro J, Nicod J, Stewart A, Cross KJ, Hussain S, McCauley JW, Lo J. Molecular Characterization of Influenza C Viruses from Outbreaks in Hong Kong SAR, China. J Virol 2020; 94:e01051-20. [PMID: 32817211 PMCID: PMC7565627 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01051-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2014, the Centre for Health Protection in Hong Kong introduced screening for influenza C virus (ICV) as part of its routine surveillance for infectious agents in specimens collected from patients presenting with symptoms of respiratory viral infection, including influenza-like illness (ILI). A retrospective analysis of ICV detections up to week 26 of 2019 revealed persistent low-level circulation, with two outbreaks having occurred in the winters of 2015 to 2016 and 2017 to 2018. These outbreaks occurred at the same time as, and were dwarfed by, seasonal epidemics of influenza types A and B. Gene sequencing studies on stored ICV-positive clinical specimens from the two outbreaks have shown that the hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) genes of the viruses fall into two of the six recognized genetic lineages (represented by C/Kanagawa/1/76 and C/São Paulo/378/82), with there being significant genetic drift compared to earlier circulating viruses within both lineages. The location of a number of encoded amino acid substitutions in hemagglutinin-esterase fusion (HEF) glycoproteins suggests that antigenic drift may also have occurred. Observations of ICV outbreaks in other countries, with some of the infections being associated with severe disease, indicates that ICV infection has the potential to have significant clinical and health care impacts in humans.IMPORTANCE Influenza C virus infection of humans is common, and reinfection can occur throughout life. While symptoms are generally mild, severe disease cases have been reported, but knowledge of the virus is limited, as little systematic surveillance for influenza C virus is conducted and the virus cannot be studied by classical virologic methods because it cannot be readily isolated in laboratories. A combination of systematic surveillance in Hong Kong SAR, China, and new gene sequencing methods has been used in this study to assess influenza C virus evolution and provides evidence for a 2-year cycle of disease outbreaks. The results of studies like that reported here are key to developing an understanding of the impact of influenza C virus infection in humans and how virus evolution might be associated with epidemics.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Disease Outbreaks
- Epidemiological Monitoring
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Hemagglutinins, Viral/chemistry
- Hemagglutinins, Viral/genetics
- Hemagglutinins, Viral/metabolism
- High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
- Hong Kong/epidemiology
- Humans
- Infant
- Influenza, Human/epidemiology
- Influenza, Human/pathology
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Gammainfluenzavirus/enzymology
- Gammainfluenzavirus/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Epidemiology
- Mutation
- Phylogeny
- Protein Conformation, alpha-Helical
- Protein Conformation, beta-Strand
- Retrospective Studies
- Viral Fusion Proteins/chemistry
- Viral Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Viral Fusion Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney S Daniels
- Worldwide Influenza Centre (a WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza), The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Herman Tse
- Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Burcu Ermetal
- Worldwide Influenza Centre (a WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza), The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zheng Xiang
- Worldwide Influenza Centre (a WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza), The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah J Jackson
- Advanced Sequencing Facility, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Guntoro
- Advanced Sequencing Facility, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jérôme Nicod
- Advanced Sequencing Facility, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aengus Stewart
- Bioinformatics & Biostatistics, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karen J Cross
- Worldwide Influenza Centre (a WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza), The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Saira Hussain
- Worldwide Influenza Centre (a WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza), The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - John W McCauley
- Worldwide Influenza Centre (a WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza), The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Janice Lo
- Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong SAR, China
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3
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Liu R, Sheng Z, Lin T, Sreenivasan C, Gao R, Thomas M, Druce J, Hause BM, Kaushik RS, Li F, Wang D. Genetic and antigenic characteristics of a human influenza C virus clinical isolate. J Med Virol 2020; 92:161-166. [PMID: 31498448 PMCID: PMC6901781 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Unlike influenza A and B viruses that infect humans and cause severe diseases in seasonal epidemics, influenza C virus (ICV) is a ubiquitous childhood pathogen typically causing mild respiratory symptoms. ICV infections are rarely diagnosed and less research has been performed on it despite the virus being capable of causing severe disease in infants. Here we report on the isolation of a human ICV from a child with acute respiratory disease, provisionally designated C/Victoria/2/2012 (C/Vic). The full-length genome sequence and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the hemagglutinin-esterase-fusion (HEF) gene of C/Vic was derived from C/Sao Paulo lineage, while its PB2 and P3 genes evolved separately from all characterized historical ICV isolates. Furthermore, antigenic analysis using the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay found that 1947 C/Taylor virus (C/Taylor lineage) was antigenically more divergent from1966 C/Johannesburg (C/Aichi lineage) than from 2012 C/Vic. Structure modeling of the HEF protein identified two mutations in the 170-loop of the HEF protein around the receptor-binding pocket as a possible antigenic determinant responsible for the discrepant HI results. Taken together, results of our studies reveal novel insights into the genetic and antigenic evolution of ICV and provide a framework for further investigation of its molecular determinants of antigenic property and replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runxia Liu
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
- BioSNTR, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Zizhang Sheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Chithra Sreenivasan
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
- BioSNTR, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Rongruan Gao
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
- BioSNTR, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Milton Thomas
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Julian Druce
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ben M. Hause
- Cambridge Technologies Inc., Worthington, 56187, USA
| | - Radhey S. Kaushik
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
- BioSNTR, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
- BioSNTR, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
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4
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Sederdahl BK, Williams JV. Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of Influenza C Virus. Viruses 2020; 12:E89. [PMID: 31941041 PMCID: PMC7019359 DOI: 10.3390/v12010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza C virus (ICV) is a common yet under-recognized cause of acute respiratory illness. ICV seropositivity has been found to be as high as 90% by 7-10 years of age, suggesting that most people are exposed to ICV at least once during childhood. Due to difficulty detecting ICV by cell culture, epidemiologic studies of ICV likely have underestimated the burden of ICV infection and disease. Recent development of highly sensitive RT-PCR has facilitated epidemiologic studies that provide further insights into the prevalence, seasonality, and course of ICV infection. In this review, we summarize the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of ICV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany K. Sederdahl
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
| | - John V. Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
- Institute for Infection, Inflammation, and Immunity in Children (i4Kids), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
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5
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Lee HS, Lim S, Noh JY, Song JY, Cheong HJ, Lee JH, Woo SI, Kim WJ. Identification of influenza C virus in young South Korean children, from October 2013 to September 2016. J Clin Virol 2019; 115:47-52. [PMID: 30978620 PMCID: PMC7106441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza C virus has been largely neglected, compared to influenza A orB viruses, and is not routinely tested in clinical practices. However, several studies have indicated that influenza C virus causes severe acute respiratory illness and pneumonia in all ages. OBJECTIVE We conducted a study to identify influenza C virus among young children in South Korea. STUDY DESIGN From October 2013 to September 2016, 973 young children with influenzalike illness (ILI) were enrolled at three university hospitals. We tested nasopharyngeal samples for 16 types of respiratory viruses. Among the tested samples, 564 were positive for one or more respiratory viruses. Except for the samples where 16 types of respiratory viruses were found, 409 negative samples were examined for the presence of influenza C virus, using a matrix gene specific primer set. RESULTS Among 409 nasopharyngeal samples, five influenza C viruses were detected. The manifestation of influenza C virus infection in young children was observed acute respiratory illness, such as fever, rhinorrhea, and cough, but no pneumonia or severe respiratory illness. Nucleotide sequencing was conducted and a phylogenetic tree was generated. We found that C/Sao Paulo/387/82-like lineage viruses circulated in South Korea, and the fully sequenced virus (C/Seoul/APD462/2015) was closely related to C/Victoria/2/2012 and C/Tokyo/4/2014 strains. CONCLUSIONS This study was the first report of influenza C virus detection in South Korea. Although severe illness was not observed in this study, we suggest the necessity for influenza C virus testing in pediatric patients with ILI, considering other reports of severe illnesses caused by influenza C virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Sol Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sooyeon Lim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Division of Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedicine Science, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Yun Noh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joon Young Song
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee Jin Cheong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Asia Pacific Influenza Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Hwa Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Il Woo
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungbuk National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Woo Joo Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Asia Pacific Influenza Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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6
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Bailey ES, Choi JY, Fieldhouse JK, Borkenhagen LK, Zemke J, Zhang D, Gray GC. The continual threat of influenza virus infections at the human-animal interface: What is new from a one health perspective? EVOLUTION MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 2018:192-198. [PMID: 30210800 PMCID: PMC6128238 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoy013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This year, in 2018, we mark 100 years since the 1918 influenza pandemic. In the last 100 years, we have expanded our knowledge of public health and increased our ability to detect and prevent influenza; however, we still face challenges resulting from these continually evolving viruses. Today, it is clear that influenza viruses have multiple animal reservoirs (domestic and wild), making infection prevention in humans especially difficult to achieve. With this report, we summarize new knowledge regarding influenza A, B, C and D viruses and their control. We also introduce how a multi-disciplinary One Health approach is necessary to mitigate these threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Bailey
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jessica Y Choi
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jane K Fieldhouse
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Laura K Borkenhagen
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Juliana Zemke
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dingmei Zhang
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Gregory C Gray
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Global Health Research Center, Duke-Kunshan University, Kunshan, China.,Emerging Infectious Diseases Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
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7
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Complete Genome Sequence of an Influenza C Virus Strain Identified from a Sick Calf in the United States. Microbiol Resour Announc 2018; 7:MRA00828-18. [PMID: 30533603 PMCID: PMC6211337 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00828-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza C virus (ICV) has been identified for the first time from bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) samples in the United States. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of the strain C/bovine/Montana/12/2016, identified from a nasal swab sample collected from a sick calf with clinical signs of respiratory disease in Montana. Influenza C virus (ICV) has been identified for the first time from bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) samples in the United States. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of the strain C/bovine/Montana/12/2016, identified from a nasal swab sample collected from a sick calf with clinical signs of respiratory disease in Montana.
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8
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Potdar VA, Hinge DD, Dakhave MR, Manchanda A, Jadhav N, Kulkarni PB, Chadha MS. Molecular detection and characterization of Influenza 'C' viruses from western India. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2017; 54:466-477. [PMID: 28803969 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Since 2003, India has had a well-established influenza surveillance network, though Influenza C virus was not the focus of study. We therefore retrospectively analyzed clinical samples from Pune, western India collected during January 2009 to August 2015, by real-time RT-PCR. Three of 2530 samples of patients with influenza-like illness (ILI) or severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) showed positivity for Influenza C virus infection, while 105 and 31 samples were positive for Influenza A and B viruses respectively. Influenza C viruses were successfully isolated using the embryonated egg system and whole genomes were sequenced and analyzed phylogenetically. HE gene-based phylogeny showed that two viruses C/India/P119564/2011 and C/India P121719/2012 clustered with the C/Sao Paulo/378/82 (SP82) lineage, whereas C/India/P135047/2013 clustered with the C/Kanagawa/1/76 (KA76) lineage. The internal gene of these viruses grouped in two lineages. The PB1, PB2, M and NS genes of the study viruses grouped with C/Yamagata/26/81 (YA81), while the P3 (PA) and NP genes grouped with C/Mississippi/80 (MS80). Bayesian clock studies conclude that the Indian strains may have emerged through multiple reassortment events.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Potdar
- National Institute of Virology, Pune, India.
| | - D D Hinge
- National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | | | | | - N Jadhav
- National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | | | - M S Chadha
- National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
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Matsuzaki Y, Sugawara K, Furuse Y, Shimotai Y, Hongo S, Oshitani H, Mizuta K, Nishimura H. Genetic Lineage and Reassortment of Influenza C Viruses Circulating between 1947 and 2014. J Virol 2016; 90:8251-65. [PMID: 27384661 PMCID: PMC5008092 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00969-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since influenza C virus was first isolated in 1947, the virus has been only occasionally isolated by cell culture; there are only four strains for which complete genome sequences are registered. Here, we analyzed a total of 106 complete genomes, ranging from the first isolate from 1947 to recent isolates from 2014, to determine the genetic lineages of influenza C virus, the reassortment events, and the rates of nucleotide substitution. The results showed that there are six lineages, named C/Taylor, C/Mississippi, C/Aichi, C/Yamagata, C/Kanagawa, and C/Sao Paulo. They contain both antigenic and genetic lineages of the hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) gene, and the internal genes PB2, PB1, P3, NP, M, and NS are divided into two major lineages, a C/Mississippi/80-related lineage and a C/Yamagata/81-related lineage. Reassortment events were found over the entire period of 68 years. Several outbreaks of influenza C virus between 1990 and 2014 in Japan consisted of reassortant viruses, suggesting that the genomic constellation is related to influenza C virus epidemics. The nucleotide sequences were highly homologous to each other. The minimum percent identity between viruses ranged from 91.1% for the HE gene to 96.1% for the M gene, and the rate of nucleotide substitution for the HE gene was the highest, at 5.20 × 10(-4) substitutions/site/year. These results indicate that reassortment is an important factor that increases the genetic diversity of influenza C virus, resulting in its ability to prevail in humans. IMPORTANCE Influenza C virus is a pathogen that causes acute respiratory illness in children and results in hospitalization of infants. We previously demonstrated (Y. Matsuzaki et al., J Clin Virol 61:87-93, 2014, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2014.06.017) that periodic epidemics of this virus occurred in Japan between 1996 and 2014 and that replacement of the dominant antigenic group occurred every several years as a result of selection by herd immunity. However, the antigenicity of the HE glycoprotein is highly stable, and antigenic drift has not occurred for at least 30 years. Here, we analyzed a total of 106 complete genomes spanning 68 years for the first time, and we found that influenza C viruses are circulating worldwide while undergoing reassortment as well as selection by herd immunity, resulting in an increased ability to prevail in humans. The results presented in this study contribute to the understanding of the evolution, including reassortment events, underlying influenza C virus epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Matsuzaki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Kanetsu Sugawara
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yuki Furuse
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Shimotai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Seiji Hongo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Oshitani
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Katsumi Mizuta
- Department of Microbiology, Yamagata Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Nishimura
- Virus Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Sendai Medical Center, Miyagi, Japan
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10
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Odagiri T, Matsuzaki Y, Okamoto M, Suzuki A, Saito M, Tamaki R, Lupisan SP, Sombrero LT, Hongo S, Oshitani H. Isolation and characterization of influenza C viruses in the Philippines and Japan. J Clin Microbiol 2015; 53:847-58. [PMID: 25552361 PMCID: PMC4390655 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02628-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
From November 2009 to December 2013 in the Philippines, 15 influenza C viruses were isolated, using MDCK cells, from specimens obtained from children with severe pneumonia and influenza-like illness (ILI). This is the first report of influenza C virus isolation in the Philippines. In addition, from January 2008 to December 2013, 7 influenza C viruses were isolated from specimens that were obtained from children with acute respiratory illness (ARI) in Sendai city, Japan. Antigenic analysis with monoclonal antibodies to the hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) glycoprotein showed that 19 strains (12 from the Philippines and 7 from Japan) were similar to the influenza C virus reference strain C/Sao Paulo/378/82 (SP82). Phylogenetic analysis of the HE gene showed that the strains from the Philippines and Japan formed distinct clusters within an SP82-related lineage. The clusters that included the Philippine and Japanese strains were shown to have diverged from a common ancestor around 1993. In addition, phylogenetic analysis of the internal genes showed that all strains isolated in the Philippines and Japan had emerged through reassortment events. The composition of the internal genes of the Philippine strains was different from that of the Japanese strains, although all strains were classified into an SP82-related lineage by HE gene sequence analysis. These observations suggest that the influenza C viruses analyzed here had emerged through different reassortment events; however, the time and place at which the reassortment events occurred were not determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Odagiri
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yoko Matsuzaki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Michiko Okamoto
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Akira Suzuki
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Mariko Saito
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan RITM-Tohoku Research Collaborating Center for Emerging and Reemerging Diseases, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
| | - Raita Tamaki
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan RITM-Tohoku Research Collaborating Center for Emerging and Reemerging Diseases, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
| | - Socorro P Lupisan
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
| | - Lydia T Sombrero
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
| | - Seiji Hongo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Oshitani
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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11
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Liu Y, Yang Y, Fan J, He R, Luo M, Zheng X. The crystal structure of the PB2 cap-binding domain of influenza B virus reveals a novel cap recognition mechanism. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:9141-9. [PMID: 25691568 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.636464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The influenza RNA-dependent RNA polymerase is a core enzyme required for both transcription and replication of the virus RNA genome, making it a potential drug target for the influenza virus. To detect the feature of cap-dependent transcription of influenza B virus (FluB) polymerase, we determined the crystal structures of the wild-type FluB polymerase PB2 subunit cap-binding domain (PB2cap) with bound GDP and the mutant FluB Q325F PB2cap with bound m(7)GDP or GDP. These structures revealed that, distinct from influenza A virus (FluA) PB2cap, the guanine and ribose moieties of substrates invert in FluB PB2caps. Moreover, we characterized the substrate specificity and affinity of the PB2caps using isothermal titration calorimetry. FluB PB2cap has a weaker affinity for m(7)GDP than FluA PB2cap. Unlike FluA PB2cap that has a preference for m(7)GDP in comparison with GDP, FluB PB2cap shows an analogous affinity for both substrates. Replacement of FluB PB2 Glu(325) by Phe, the corresponding residue of FluA PB2, increased the binding affinity of FluB PB2cap for m(7)GDP to a level approximate to that of FluA PB2cap and caused a significant higher affinity to GDP. This study indicated that FluB PB2cap has a unique cap recognition mechanism compared with FluA PB2cap, providing molecular insight into inhibitor design targeting FluB PB2cap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- From the State Key Lab of Protein and Plant Gene Research and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China and
| | - Yongfeng Yang
- From the State Key Lab of Protein and Plant Gene Research and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China and
| | - Jialin Fan
- From the State Key Lab of Protein and Plant Gene Research and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China and
| | - Ruina He
- From the State Key Lab of Protein and Plant Gene Research and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China and
| | - Ming Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302
| | - Xiaofeng Zheng
- From the State Key Lab of Protein and Plant Gene Research and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China and
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