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Fujii Y, Masatani T, Nishiyama S, Takahashi T, Okajima M, Izumi F, Sakoda Y, Takada A, Ozawa M, Sugiyama M, Ito N. Molecular characterization of an avian rotavirus a strain detected from a large-billed crow (Corvus macrorhynchos) in Japan. Virology 2024; 596:110114. [PMID: 38781709 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Avian rotaviruses A (RVAs) are occasionally transmitted to animals other than the original hosts across species barriers. Information on RVAs carried by various bird species is important for identifying the origin of such interspecies transmission. In this study, to facilitate an understanding of the ecology of RVAs from wild birds, we characterized all of the genes of an RVA strain, JC-105, that was detected in a fecal sample of a large-billed crow (Corvus macrorhynchos) in Japan. All of the genes of this strain except for the VP4 and VP7 genes, which were classified as novel genotypes (P[56] and G40, respectively), were closely related to those of the avian-like RVA strain detected from a raccoon, indicating the possibility that crows had been involved in the transmission of avian RVAs to raccoons. Our findings highlight the need for further viral investigations in wild birds and mammals to understand the mechanisms of avian-to-mammal RVA transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Fujii
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Masatani
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research (COMIT), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Shoko Nishiyama
- Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Takahashi
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Misuzu Okajima
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Fumiki Izumi
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sakoda
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-18, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Ayato Takada
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Kita-20, Nishi-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan; International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Kita-20, Nishi-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan; One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Makoto Ozawa
- Laboratory of Animal Hygiene, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Makoto Sugiyama
- Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Naoto Ito
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research (COMIT), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
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Jalilvand S, Latifi T, Kachooei A, Mirhoseinian M, Hoseini-Fakhr SS, Behnezhad F, Roohvand F, Shoja Z. Circulating rotavirus strains in children with acute gastroenteritis in Iran, 1986 to 2023 and their genetic/antigenic divergence compared to approved vaccines strains (Rotarix, RotaTeq, ROTAVAC, ROTASIIL) before mass vaccination: Clues for vaccination policy makers. Virus Res 2024; 346:199411. [PMID: 38823689 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
In the present study, first, rotaviruses that caused acute gastroenteritis in children under five years of age during the time before the vaccine was introduced in Iran (1986 to 2023) are reviewed. Subsequently, the antigenic epitopes of the VP7 and VP4/VP8 proteins in circulating rotavirus strains in Iran and that of the vaccine strains were compared and their genetic differences in histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) and the potential impact on rotavirus infection susceptibility and vaccine efficacy were discussed. Overall data indicate that rotavirus was estimated in about 38.1 % of samples tested. The most common genotypes or combinations were G1 and P[8], or G1P[8]. From 2015 to 2023, there was a decline in the prevalence of G1P[8], with intermittent peaks of genotypes G3P[8] and G9P[8]. The analyses suggested that the monovalent Rotarix vaccine or monovalent vaccines containing the G1P[8] component might be proper in areas with a similar rotavirus genotype pattern and genetic background as the Iranian population where the G1P[8] strain is the most predominant and has the ability to bind to HBGA secretors. While the same concept can be applied to RotaTeq and RotasIIL vaccines, their complex vaccine technology, which involves reassortment, makes them less of a priority. The ROTASIIL vaccine, despite not having the VP4 arm (P[5]) as a suitable protection option, has previously shown the ability to neutralize not only G9-lineage I strains but also other G9-lineages at high titers. Thus, vaccination with the ROTASIIL vaccine may be more effective in Iran compared to RotaTeq. However, considering the rotavirus genotypic pattern, ROTAVAC might not be a good choice for Iran. Overall, the findings of this study provide valuable insights into the prevalence of rotavirus strains and the potential effectiveness of different vaccines in the Iranian and similar populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Jalilvand
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Latifi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Kachooei
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahtab Mirhoseinian
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Farzane Behnezhad
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzin Roohvand
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zabihollah Shoja
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Amin AB, Cates JE, Liu Z, Wu J, Ali I, Rodriguez A, Panjwani J, Tate JE, Lopman BA, Parashar UD. Rotavirus Genotypes in the Postvaccine Era: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Global, Regional, and Temporal Trends by Rotavirus Vaccine Introduction. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:1460-1469. [PMID: 37738554 PMCID: PMC11095550 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Even moderate differences in rotavirus vaccine effectiveness against nonvaccine genotypes may exert selective pressures on circulating rotaviruses. Whether this vaccine effect or natural temporal fluctuations underlie observed changes in genotype distributions is unclear. METHODS We systematically reviewed studies reporting rotavirus genotypes from children <5 years of age globally between 2005 and 2023. We compared rotavirus genotypes between vaccine-introducing and nonintroducing settings globally and by World Health Organization (WHO) region, calendar time, and time since vaccine introduction. RESULTS Crude pooling of genotype data from 361 studies indicated higher G2P[4], a nonvaccine genotype, prevalence in vaccine-introducing settings, both globally and by WHO region. This difference did not emerge when examining genotypes over time in the Americas, the only region with robust longitudinal data. Relative to nonintroducing settings, G2P[4] detections were more likely in settings with recent introduction (eg, 1-2 years postintroduction adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 4.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.87-6.72) but were similarly likely in settings with more time elapsed since introduction, (eg, 7 or more years aOR, 1.62; 95% CI, .49-5.37). CONCLUSIONS When accounting for both regional and temporal trends, there was no substantial evidence of long-term vaccine-related selective pressures on circulating genotypes. Increased prevalence of G2P[4] may be transient after rotavirus vaccine introduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avnika B Amin
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jordan E Cates
- Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zihao Liu
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Joanne Wu
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Iman Ali
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Foundation, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alexia Rodriguez
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Junaid Panjwani
- Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jacqueline E Tate
- Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Benjamin A Lopman
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Umesh D Parashar
- Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Kachooei A, Mirhoseinian M, Jalilvand S, Latifi T, Feizi M, Shahosseini Z, Arashkia A, Marashi SM, Shoja Z. Molecular characterization of human astrovirus infection in children under 5 years of age with acute gastroenteritis in Tehran, Iran, 2021-2022: co-infection with rotavirus. Virus Genes 2024:10.1007/s11262-024-02075-6. [PMID: 38744749 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-024-02075-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Human astroviruses (HAstVs) are considered important causative pathogens of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children under 5 years of age worldwide, along with group A rotavirus (RVA), norovirus (NoV), and enteric adenovirus (EAdV). The present study was aimed to both detect HAstV and its co-infections and investigate genetic analysis of circulating HAstV and co-infected virus in hospitalized children under 5 years of age with AGE in Iran. Accordingly, a sum of 200 stool specimens were screened by PCR for HAstV during 2021-2022. The HAstV was found in 0.5% of 200 specimens (n = 1) while was co-infected with RVA. The genetic and phylogenetic analysis indicated HAstV1 genotype, which clustered with viruses from lineage 1b, which has not been previously reported in Iran. The detected RVA strain belonged to G1 lineage II/P[8]-lineage III, which has been reported previously in Iran as the most common strain. The further genetic analysis of RVA VP6 and NSP4 demonstrated an atypical genotype pattern G1P[8]-I1-E2, as a mono-reassortant of a Wa-like genogroup, which appeared to be reassorted with the NSP4 gene of E2 genotype of the G2P[4] DS-1 genogroup. Although the clinical outcomes of the AGE-causing viruses co-infection is not yet entirely clear, it seems that future studies will be helpful to merge clinical and epidemiological data of co-infecting viruses for a more accurate medical and clinical relevance in symptomatic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Kachooei
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahtab Mirhoseinian
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Jalilvand
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Tayebeh Latifi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Mahsa Feizi
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Arash Arashkia
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed Mahdi Marashi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zabihollah Shoja
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
- Research Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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5
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França Y, Medeiros RS, Viana E, de Azevedo LS, Guiducci R, da Costa AC, Luchs A. Genetic diversity and evolution of G12P[6] DS-1-like and G12P[9] AU-1-like Rotavirus strains in Brazil. Funct Integr Genomics 2024; 24:92. [PMID: 38733534 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01360-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
In the early 2000s, the global emergence of rotavirus (RVA) G12P[8] genotype was noted, while G12P[6] and G12P[9] combinations remained rare in humans. This study aimed to characterize and phylogenetically analyze three Brazilian G12P[9] and four G12P[6] RVA strains from 2011 to 2020, through RT-PCR and sequencing, in order to enhance our understanding of the genetic relationship between human and animal-origin RVA strains. G12P[6] strains displayed a DS-1-like backbone, showing a distinct genetic clustering. G12P[6] IAL-R52/2020, IAL-R95/2020 and IAL-R465/2019 strains clustered with 2019 Northeastern G12P[6] Brazilian strains and a 2018 Benin strain, whereas IAL-R86/2011 strain grouped with 2010 Northern G12P[6] Brazilian strains and G2P[4] strains from the United States and Belgium. These findings suggest an African genetic ancestry and reassortments with co-circulating American strains sharing the same DS-1-like constellation. No recent zoonotic reassortment was observed, and the DS-1-like constellation detected in Brazilian G12P[6] strains does not seem to be genetically linked to globally reported intergenogroup G1/G3/G9/G8P[8] DS-1-like human strains. G12P[9] strains exhibited an AU-1-like backbone with two different genotype-lineage constellations: IAL-R566/2011 and IAL-R1151/2012 belonged to a VP3/M3.V Lineage, and IAL-R870/2013 to a VP3/M3.II Lineage, suggesting two co-circulating strains in Brazil. This genetic diversity is not observed elsewhere, and the VP3/M3.II Lineage in G12P[9] strains seems to be exclusive to Brazil, indicating its evolution within the country. All three G12P[9] AU-1-like strains were closely relate to G12P[9] strains from Paraguay (2006-2007) and Brazil (2010). Phylogenetic analysis also highlighted that all South American G12P[9] AU-1-like strains had a common origin and supports the hypothesis of their importation from Asia, with no recent introduction from globally circulating G12P[9] strains or reassortments with local G12 strains P[8] or P[6]. Notably, certain genes in the Brazilian G12P[9] AU-1-like strains share ancestry with feline/canine RVAs (VP3/M3.II, NSP4/E3.IV and NSP2/N3.II), whereas NSP1/A3.VI likely originated from artiodactyls, suggesting a history of zoonotic transmission with human strains. This genomic data adds understanding to the molecular epidemiology of G12P[6] and G12P[9] RVA strains in Brazil, offering insights into their genetic diversity and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin França
- Enteric Diseases Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ellen Viana
- Enteric Diseases Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Raquel Guiducci
- Enteric Diseases Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Charlys da Costa
- Medical Parasitology Laboratory (LIM/46), São Paulo Tropical Medicine Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Luchs
- Enteric Diseases Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Carias C, Hartwig S, Kanibir N, Matthijnssens J, Tu Y. Letter to the Editor on Cross-Protection of RotaTeq. J Pediatr 2024; 268:113952. [PMID: 38336206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.113952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nabi Kanibir
- Global Medical and Scientific Affairs, MSD International GmbH Luzern, Switzerland
| | - Jelle Matthijnssens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, Rega Research Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Gutierrez MB, Arantes I, Bello G, Berto LH, Dutra LH, Kato RB, Fumian TM. Emergence and dissemination of equine-like G3P[8] rotavirus A in Brazil between 2015 and 2021. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0370923. [PMID: 38451227 PMCID: PMC10986506 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03709-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus A (RVA) is a major cause of acute gastroenteritis globally that is classically genotyped by its two immunodominant outer capsid proteins, VP7 (G-) and VP4 (P-). Recent evidence suggests that the reassortant equine-like G3P[8] strain played a substantial role in RVA transmission in Brazil since 2015. To understand its global emergence and dissemination in Brazilian territory, stool samples collected from 11 Brazilian states (n = 919) were genotyped by RT-qPCR and proceeded to sequence the VP7 gene (n = 102, 79 being newly generated) of the G3P[8] samples with pronounced viral loads. Our phylogenetic genotyping showed that G3P[8] became the dominant strain in Brazil between 2017 and 2020, with equine-like variants representing 75%-100% of VP7 samples in this period. A Bayesian discrete phylogeographic analysis strongly suggests that the equine-like G3P[8] strain originated in Asia during the early 2010s and subsequently spread to Europe, the Caribbean, and South America. Multiple introductions were detected in Brazil between 2014 and 2017, resulting in five national clusters. The reconstruction of the effective population size of the largest Brazilian cluster showed an expansion until 2017, followed by a plateau phase until 2019 and subsequent contraction. Our study also supports that most mutations fixed during equine-like G3P[8] evolution were synonymous, suggesting that adaptive evolution was not an important driving force during viral dissemination in humans, potentially increasing its susceptibility to acquired immunity. This research emphasizes the need for comprehensive rotavirus genomic surveillance that allows close monitoring of its ever-shifting composition and informs more effective public health policies.IMPORTANCEOur original article demonstrated the origin and spread in a short time of equine-like G3P[8] in Brazil and the world. Due to its segmented genome, it allows numerous mechanisms including genetic drift and reassortment contribute substantially to the genetic diversity of rotavirus. Although the effectiveness and increasing implementation of vaccination have not been questioned, a matter of concern is its impact on the emergence of escape mutants or even the spread of unusual strains of zoonotic transmission that could drive epidemic patterns worldwide. This research emphasizes the need for comprehensive rotavirus genomic surveillance, which could facilitate the formulation of public policies aimed at preventing and mitigating its transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ighor Arantes
- Laboratório de Arbovírus e Vírus Hemorrágicos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gonzalo Bello
- Laboratório de Arbovírus e Vírus Hemorrágicos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Helena Berto
- Coordenação Geral de Laboratórios de Saúde Pública, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Hermes Dutra
- Coordenação Geral de Laboratórios de Saúde Pública, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Bentes Kato
- Coordenação Geral de Laboratórios de Saúde Pública, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Tulio Machado Fumian
- Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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8
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Mansour Ghanaiee R, Fallah T, Karimi A, Sedighi I, Tariverdi M, Nazari T, Nahanmoghaddam N, Sedighi P, Nateghian A, Amirali A, Monavari SH, Fallahi M, Zahraei SM, Mahmoudi S, Elikaei A, Alebouyeh M. Multicenter Study of Rotavirus Infection, Diversity of Circulating Genotypes and Clinical Outcomes in Children ≤5 Years Old in Iran. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2024; 43:320-327. [PMID: 38190647 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000004231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine the epidemiology of rotavirus group A (RVA) infection in symptomatic children, and analyze genotype diversity in association with clinical characteristics, geographical and seasonal changes. METHODS The stool samples of symptomatic children 5≥ years old were collected from 5 different hospitals during December 2020 and March 2022. Rotavirus stool antigen test was done and G and P genotypes of the positive samples were determined. Associations of the infection and genotype diversity with demographical and clinical data were assessed by statistical methods. RESULTS RVA infection was detected in 32.1% (300/934) of the patients (Ranges between 28.4% and 47.4%). An inverse association with age was detected, where the highest frequency was measured in children ≤12 months of age (175/482, 36.3%). The infection was more frequent during winter (124/284, 43.7%) and spring (64/187, 34.2%). Children who were exclusively fed with breast milk showed a lower rate of infection (72/251, 28.6%). Among the 46 characterized genotypes (17 single- and 29 mixed-genotype infections), G1P[8] and G9P[4] were more frequently detected in children <36 (67/234, 28.63%) and 36-60 (7/24, 29.16%) months of age children, respectively. A seasonal diversity in the circulating genotypes was detected in different cities. Children with G1P[8], G1P[6], and mixed-genotype infection experienced a shorter duration of hospitalization, and a higher frequency of nausea and severe diarrhea, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In this study high frequency of RVA infection was detected in symptomatic children in Iran. Moreover, genotype diversity according to geographic area, seasons, age groups, and clinical features of disease was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Mansour Ghanaiee
- From the Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tina Fallah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdollah Karimi
- From the Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iraj Sedighi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Marjan Tariverdi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Tayebe Nazari
- From the Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Nahanmoghaddam
- Department of Pediatrics, Bouali Hospital Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Parinaz Sedighi
- Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Nateghian
- Department of Pediatrics, Ali Asghar Children's hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezu Amirali
- From the Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamidreza Monavari
- Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Fallahi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohsen Zahraei
- Center for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sussan Mahmoudi
- Center for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ameneh Elikaei
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Alebouyeh
- From the Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Granovskiy DL, Khudainazarova NS, Evtushenko EA, Ryabchevskaya EM, Kondakova OA, Arkhipenko MV, Kovrizhko MV, Kolpakova EP, Tverdokhlebova TI, Nikitin NA, Karpova OV. Novel Universal Recombinant Rotavirus A Vaccine Candidate: Evaluation of Immunological Properties. Viruses 2024; 16:438. [PMID: 38543803 PMCID: PMC10976063 DOI: 10.3390/v16030438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus infection is a leading cause of severe dehydrating gastroenteritis in children under 5 years of age. Although rotavirus-associated mortality has decreased considerably because of the introduction of the worldwide rotavirus vaccination, the global burden of rotavirus-associated gastroenteritis remains high. Current vaccines have a number of disadvantages; therefore, there is a need for innovative approaches in rotavirus vaccine development. In the current study, a universal recombinant rotavirus antigen (URRA) for a novel recombinant vaccine candidate against rotavirus A was obtained and characterised. This antigen included sequences of the VP8* subunit of rotavirus spike protein VP4. For the URRA, for the first time, two approaches were implemented simultaneously-the application of a highly conserved neutralising epitope and the use of the consensus of the extended protein's fragment. The recognition of URRA by antisera to patient-derived field rotavirus isolates was proven. Plant virus-based spherical particles (SPs), a novel, effective and safe adjuvant, considerably enhanced the immunogenicity of the URRA in a mouse model. Given these facts, a URRA + SPs vaccine candidate is regarded as a prospective basis for a universal vaccine against rotavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy L. Granovskiy
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.S.K.); (E.A.E.); (E.M.R.); (O.A.K.); (M.V.A.); (N.A.N.); (O.V.K.)
| | - Nelli S. Khudainazarova
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.S.K.); (E.A.E.); (E.M.R.); (O.A.K.); (M.V.A.); (N.A.N.); (O.V.K.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Evtushenko
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.S.K.); (E.A.E.); (E.M.R.); (O.A.K.); (M.V.A.); (N.A.N.); (O.V.K.)
| | - Ekaterina M. Ryabchevskaya
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.S.K.); (E.A.E.); (E.M.R.); (O.A.K.); (M.V.A.); (N.A.N.); (O.V.K.)
| | - Olga A. Kondakova
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.S.K.); (E.A.E.); (E.M.R.); (O.A.K.); (M.V.A.); (N.A.N.); (O.V.K.)
| | - Marina V. Arkhipenko
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.S.K.); (E.A.E.); (E.M.R.); (O.A.K.); (M.V.A.); (N.A.N.); (O.V.K.)
| | - Marina V. Kovrizhko
- Rostov Research Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, 344010 Rostov-On-Don, Russia; (M.V.K.); (E.P.K.); (T.I.T.)
| | - Elena P. Kolpakova
- Rostov Research Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, 344010 Rostov-On-Don, Russia; (M.V.K.); (E.P.K.); (T.I.T.)
| | - Tatyana I. Tverdokhlebova
- Rostov Research Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, 344010 Rostov-On-Don, Russia; (M.V.K.); (E.P.K.); (T.I.T.)
| | - Nikolai A. Nikitin
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.S.K.); (E.A.E.); (E.M.R.); (O.A.K.); (M.V.A.); (N.A.N.); (O.V.K.)
| | - Olga V. Karpova
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.S.K.); (E.A.E.); (E.M.R.); (O.A.K.); (M.V.A.); (N.A.N.); (O.V.K.)
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10
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Cantelli CP, Tavares GCL, Sarmento SK, Burlandy FM, Fumian TM, Maranhão AG, da Silva EDSRF, Horta MAP, Miagostovich MP, Yang Z, Leite JPG. Assessment of Gastroenteric Viruses in Marketed Bivalve Mollusks in the Tourist Cities of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2022. Viruses 2024; 16:317. [PMID: 38543684 PMCID: PMC10974528 DOI: 10.3390/v16030317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the prevalence and genetic diversity of gastroenteric viruses in mussels and oysters in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. One hundred and thirty-four marketed bivalve samples were obtained between January and December 2022. The viral analysis was performed according to ISO/TS 15216, and the screening revealed the detection of norovirus GII/GI (40.3%), sapovirus (SaV; 12.7%), human mastadenovirus (7.5%), and rotavirus A (RVA; 5.9%). In total, 44.8% (60) of shellfish samples tested positive for one or more viruses, 46.7% (28/60) of the positive samples tested positive for a single viral agent, 26.7% (16) tested positive for two viral agents, 8.3% (5) for three viral agents, and 13.3% (8) for four viral agents. Additionally, three mussel samples were contaminated with the five investigated viruses (5%, 3/60). Norovirus GII showed the highest mean viral load (3.4 × 105 GC/g), followed by SaV (1.4 × 104 GC/g), RVA (1.1 × 104 GC/g), human mastadenovirus (3.9 × 103 GC/g), and norovirus GI (6.7 × 102 GC/g). Molecular characterization revealed that the recovered norovirus strains belonged to genotypes GII.2, GII.6, GII.9, GII.17, and GII.27; SaV belonged to genotypes GI.1 and GIV.1; RVA to genotypes G6, G8, P[8]-III, and human mastadenovirus to types F40 and F41. The GII.27 norovirus characterized in this study is the only strain of this genotype reported in Brazil. This study highlights the dissemination and diversity of gastroenteric viruses present in commercialized bivalves in a touristic area, indicating the potential risk to human health and the contribution of bivalves in the propagation of emerging pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Pacheco Cantelli
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Sylvia Kahwage Sarmento
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Tulio Machado Fumian
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adriana Gonçalves Maranhão
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Zhihui Yang
- Division of Molecular Biology, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20723, USA
| | - José Paulo Gagliardi Leite
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
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11
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Carossino M, Vissani MA, Barrandeguy ME, Balasuriya UBR, Parreño V. Equine Rotavirus A under the One Health Lens: Potential Impacts on Public Health. Viruses 2024; 16:130. [PMID: 38257830 PMCID: PMC10819593 DOI: 10.3390/v16010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Group A rotaviruses are a well-known cause of viral gastroenteritis in infants and children, as well as in many mammalian species and birds, affecting them at a young age. This group of viruses has a double-stranded, segmented RNA genome with high genetic diversity linked to point mutations, recombination, and, importantly, reassortment. While initial molecular investigations undertaken in the 1900s suggested host range restriction among group A rotaviruses based on the fact that different gene segments were distributed among different animal species, recent molecular surveillance and genome constellation genotyping studies conducted by the Rotavirus Classification Working Group (RCWG) have shown that animal rotaviruses serve as a source of diversification of human rotavirus A, highlighting their zoonotic potential. Rotaviruses occurring in various animal species have been linked with contributing genetic material to human rotaviruses, including horses, with the most recent identification of equine-like G3 rotavirus A infecting children. The goal of this article is to review relevant information related to rotavirus structure/genomic organization, epidemiology (with a focus on human and equine rotavirus A), evolution, inter-species transmission, and the potential zoonotic role of equine and other animal rotaviruses. Diagnostics, surveillance and the current status of human and livestock vaccines against RVA are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Carossino
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Maria Aldana Vissani
- Escuela de Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias, Universidad del Salvador, Pilar, Buenos Aires B1630AHU, Argentina; (M.A.V.); (M.E.B.)
- Instituto de Virología, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires B1686LQF, Argentina;
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1033AAJ, Argentina
| | - Maria E. Barrandeguy
- Escuela de Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias, Universidad del Salvador, Pilar, Buenos Aires B1630AHU, Argentina; (M.A.V.); (M.E.B.)
- Instituto de Virología, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires B1686LQF, Argentina;
| | - Udeni B. R. Balasuriya
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Viviana Parreño
- Instituto de Virología, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires B1686LQF, Argentina;
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1033AAJ, Argentina
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12
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Bose T, Borrow R, Arkwright PD. Impact of rotavirus vaccination on diarrheal disease burden of children in South America. Expert Rev Vaccines 2024; 23:606-618. [PMID: 38813689 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2024.2360212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rotavirus is a leading cause of severe diarrheal disease and death in children under five years of age worldwide. Vaccination is one of the most important public health interventions to reduce this significant burden. AREAS COVERED This literature review examined vaccination coverage, hospitalization rate, mortality, genotypic distribution, immunogenicity, cost-effectiveness, and risk versus benefit of rotavirus vaccination in children in South America. Nine out of twelve countries in South America currently include a rotavirus vaccine in their national immunization program with coverage rates in 2022 above 90%. EXPERT OPINION Introduction of the rotavirus vaccination has led to a marked reduction in hospitalizations and deaths from diarrheal diseases in children under 5 years, particularly infants under 1 year, in several South American countries. In Brazil, hospitalizations decreased by 59% and deaths by 21% (30-38% in infants). In Peru, hospitalizations in infants fell by 46% and deaths by 37% (56% in infants). Overall, data suggest that rotavirus vaccination has reduced rotavirus deaths by 15-50% in various South American countries. There is some evidence that immunity wanes after the age of 1-year old. Ongoing surveillance of vaccine coverage and changes in morbidity and mortality is important to maximize protection against this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Bose
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ray Borrow
- Vaccine Evaluation Unit, UK Health Security Agency, Manchester Medical Microbiology Partnership, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK
| | - Peter D Arkwright
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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13
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Reyes Y, St Jean DT, Bowman NM, González F, Mijatovic-Rustempasic S, Becker-Dreps S, Svensson L, Nordgren J, Bucardo F, Vielot NA. Nonsecretor Phenotype Is Associated With Less Risk of Rotavirus-Associated Acute Gastroenteritis in a Vaccinated Nicaraguan Birth Cohort. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:1739-1747. [PMID: 37279878 PMCID: PMC10733742 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) have been associated with rotavirus vaccine take; but the effect of these HBGAs on rotavirus incidence and risk remains poorly explored in vaccinated populations. METHODS Rotavirus-associated acute gastroenteritis (AGE) was assessed in 444 Nicaraguan children followed from birth until 3 years of age. AGE episodes were tested for rotavirus by reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and saliva or blood was used to determine HBGA phenotypes. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the relative hazard of rotavirus AGE by HBGA phenotypes. RESULTS Rotavirus was detected in 109 (7%) stool samples from 1689 AGE episodes over 36 months of observation between June 2017 and July 2021. Forty-six samples were successfully genotyped. Of these, 15 (35%) were rotavirus vaccine strain G1P[8], followed by G8P[8] or G8P[nt] (11 [24%]) and equine-like G3P[8] (11 [24%]). The overall incidence of rotavirus-associated AGE was 9.2 per 100 child-years, and was significantly higher in secretor than nonsecretor children (9.8 vs 3.5/100 child-years, P = .002). CONCLUSIONS The nonsecretor phenotype was associated with decreased risk of clinical rotavirus vaccine failure in a vaccinated Nicaraguan birth cohort. These results show the importance of secretor status on rotavirus risk, even in vaccinated children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoska Reyes
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua–León, Nicaragua
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Linköping University, Sweden
| | | | - Natalie M Bowman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Fredman González
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua–León, Nicaragua
| | | | - Sylvia Becker-Dreps
- Department of Epidemiology
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Lennart Svensson
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Linköping University, Sweden
- Division of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Nordgren
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Linköping University, Sweden
| | - Filemón Bucardo
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua–León, Nicaragua
| | - Nadja A Vielot
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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14
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Cao M, Yuan F, Zhang W, Wang X, Ma J, Ma X, Kuai W, Ma X. Genomic analysis of two rare human G3P[9] rotavirus strains in Ningxia, China. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 116:105518. [PMID: 37890809 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
G3P (Matthijnssens et al., 2008b [9]) is a rare combination of human rotavirus VP7/VP4 genotypes with a complex evolutionary pattern but limited related studies. Detailed genomic characterisation and genetic evolutionary analyses of G3P (Matthijnssens et al., 2008b [9]) rotaviruses have helped to enhance our understanding of rotavirus diversity. For the first time, we detected two human G3P (Matthijnssens et al., 2008b [9]) Rotavirus A (RVA) strains, RVA/Human-tc/CHN/2020999/2020/G3P (Matthijnssens et al., 2008b [9]) and RVA/Human-wt/CHN/23582009/2023/G3P (Matthijnssens et al., 2008b [9]), in diarrhoea patients from the Ningxia region of China, and carried out a whole-genome analysis of these strains. 2,020,999 and 23,582,009 have identical gene constellations: G3-P[9]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A3-N2-T3-E3-H3, and this genotypic constellation was reported first time in China. They are closely related in 11 genome segments. The genotypes of these two strains are different from the human RVA strains L621 and E2451, which are only G3P (Matthijnssens et al., 2008b [9]) strains reported so far in China, but are identical to those of the Thai feline strain Meesuk and the Korean human strain CAU12-2-51.Phylogenetic analysis showed that the VP6, VP1-VP3, and NSP2 genes of the two strains in this study clustered with human/bovine and feline/bovine rotavirus strains to form a sublineage distinct from the common DS-1-like G2 human rotavirus. In contrast, the VP7, VP4, NSP1, and NSP3-NSP5 gene segments were closely associated with human/feline rotavirus and feline rotavirus strains. These findings suggest that the evolutionary origin of the G3P (Matthijnssens et al., 2008b [9]) human rotavirus found in Ningxia, China, is consistent with the Meesuk and CAU12-2-51 strains, may have arisen through reassortment between uncommon human/bovine, feline/bovine rotavirus strains and human/feline, feline rotaviruses. However, VP1-VP2 gene segments did not have the same lineage as strains Meesuk and CAU12-2-51, suggesting that these genes might be derived from additional reassortment event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Cao
- Ningxia center for Disease Control and Prevention, NO. 528 Shengli South Road, Yingchuan 750004, Ningxia Province, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Ningxia center for Disease Control and Prevention, NO. 528 Shengli South Road, Yingchuan 750004, Ningxia Province, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Ningxia center for Disease Control and Prevention, NO. 528 Shengli South Road, Yingchuan 750004, Ningxia Province, China
| | - Xiuqin Wang
- Ningxia center for Disease Control and Prevention, NO. 528 Shengli South Road, Yingchuan 750004, Ningxia Province, China
| | - Jiangtao Ma
- Ningxia center for Disease Control and Prevention, NO. 528 Shengli South Road, Yingchuan 750004, Ningxia Province, China
| | - Xuemin Ma
- Ningxia center for Disease Control and Prevention, NO. 528 Shengli South Road, Yingchuan 750004, Ningxia Province, China
| | - Wenhe Kuai
- Ningxia center for Disease Control and Prevention, NO. 528 Shengli South Road, Yingchuan 750004, Ningxia Province, China
| | - Xueping Ma
- Ningxia center for Disease Control and Prevention, NO. 528 Shengli South Road, Yingchuan 750004, Ningxia Province, China.
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15
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Morozova OV, Sashina TA, Epifanova NV, Velikzhanina EI, Novikova NA. Phylodynamic characteristics of reassortant DS-1-like G3P[8]-strains of rotavirus type A isolated in Nizhny Novgorod (Russia). Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:2867-2877. [PMID: 37897627 PMCID: PMC10689624 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01155-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 2013, there has been an increase in reports of the spread of a double intergroup reassortant strain of rotavirus type A (RVA) with the genotype G3P[8] and other genes belonging to the second genogroup I2-R2-C2-M2-A2-N2-T2-E2-H2. In our study, we provide a molecular genetic characterization of rotaviruses with genotype G3P[8]-I2 isolated in Nizhny Novgorod. In our study, we used RT-PCR, Sanger sequencing, RNA-PAGE methods. Phylogenetic and phylodynamic analysis were performed using the Bayesian approach. According to our study, there was a significant increase in the proportion of G3P[8] from 15% during the period of 2020-2021 to 53% during the period of 2021-2022 in Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. Phylogenetic analysis based on the VP4 gene revealed that DS-1-like RVAs isolated in Nizhny Novgorod belong to different clusters of the P[8]-3.1 lineage, with a level of variation ranging from 1.1% to 1.3%. Based on the VP6 gene, the equine-like RVAs identified by us carry genetic variants belonging to three distinct clusters of the lineage I2-V, with a variation level ranging from 2.0% to 4.5%. These data indicate the genotypic diversity of circulating DS-1-like G3 RVAs. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP7 gene allowed us to assign the isolates identified in our study to the G3-1 lineage. We estimated that the circulation of the most recent common ancestor of the spreading strains dates back to 2002. Additionally, we determined the typical level of mutations in the VP7 gene, which amounted to 2.14*10-3 substitutions/per site/per year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Morozova
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology of Viral Infections, I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - T A Sashina
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology of Viral Infections, I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - N V Epifanova
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology of Viral Infections, I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - E I Velikzhanina
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology of Viral Infections, I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - N A Novikova
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology of Viral Infections, I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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16
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Antoni S, Nakamura T, Cohen AL, Mwenda JM, Weldegebriel G, Biey JNM, Shaba K, Rey-Benito G, de Oliveira LH, Oliveira MTDC, Ortiz C, Ghoniem A, Fahmy K, Ashmony HA, Videbaek D, Daniels D, Pastore R, Singh S, Tondo E, Liyanage JBL, Sharifuzzaman M, Grabovac V, Batmunkh N, Logronio J, Armah G, Dennis FE, Seheri M, Magagula N, Mphahlele J, Leite JPG, Araujo IT, Fumian TM, EL Mohammady H, Semeiko G, Samoilovich E, Giri S, Kang G, Thomas S, Bines J, Kirkwood CD, Liu N, Lee DY, Iturriza-Gomara M, Page NA, Esona MD, Ward ML, Wright CN, Mijatovic-Rustempasic S, Tate JE, Parashar UD, Gentsch J, Bowen MD, Serhan F. Rotavirus genotypes in children under five years hospitalized with diarrhea in low and middle-income countries: Results from the WHO-coordinated Global Rotavirus Surveillance Network. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0001358. [PMID: 38015834 PMCID: PMC10683987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Rotavirus is the most common pathogen causing pediatric diarrhea and an important cause of morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries. Previous evidence suggests that the introduction of rotavirus vaccines in national immunization schedules resulted in dramatic declines in disease burden but may also be changing the rotavirus genetic landscape and driving the emergence of new genotypes. We report genotype data of more than 16,000 rotavirus isolates from 40 countries participating in the Global Rotavirus Surveillance Network. Data from a convenience sample of children under five years of age hospitalized with acute watery diarrhea who tested positive for rotavirus were included. Country results were weighted by their estimated rotavirus disease burden to estimate regional genotype distributions. Globally, the most frequent genotypes identified after weighting were G1P[8] (31%), G1P[6] (8%) and G3P[8] (8%). Genotypes varied across WHO Regions and between countries that had and had not introduced rotavirus vaccine. G1P[8] was less frequent among African (36 vs 20%) and European (33 vs 8%) countries that had introduced rotavirus vaccines as compared to countries that had not introduced. Our results describe differences in the distribution of the most common rotavirus genotypes in children with diarrhea in low- and middle-income countries. G1P[8] was less frequent in countries that had introduced the rotavirus vaccine while different strains are emerging or re-emerging in different regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Antoni
- Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization Headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tomoka Nakamura
- Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization Headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Adam L. Cohen
- Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization Headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jason M. Mwenda
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
| | | | - Joseph N. M. Biey
- World Health Organization, Inter Country Support Team, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Keith Shaba
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Gloria Rey-Benito
- Pan American Health Organization, World Health Organization, Washington District of Columbia, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Lucia Helena de Oliveira
- Pan American Health Organization, World Health Organization, Washington District of Columbia, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Maria Tereza da Costa Oliveira
- Pan American Health Organization, World Health Organization, Washington District of Columbia, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Claudia Ortiz
- Pan American Health Organization, World Health Organization, Washington District of Columbia, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Amany Ghoniem
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kamal Fahmy
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hossam A. Ashmony
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dovile Videbaek
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Danni Daniels
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Roberta Pastore
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simarjit Singh
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emmanuel Tondo
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for South East Asia, Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Varja Grabovac
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Manila, Philippines
| | - Nyambat Batmunkh
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Manila, Philippines
| | - Josephine Logronio
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Manila, Philippines
| | - George Armah
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Francis E. Dennis
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Mapaseka Seheri
- World Health Organization Regional Reference Laboratory for Rotavirus, Diarrhoeal Pathogens Research Unit, Department of Virology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Nonkululeko Magagula
- World Health Organization Regional Reference Laboratory for Rotavirus, Diarrhoeal Pathogens Research Unit, Department of Virology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jeffrey Mphahlele
- World Health Organization Regional Reference Laboratory for Rotavirus, Diarrhoeal Pathogens Research Unit, Department of Virology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jose Paulo G. Leite
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Irene T. Araujo
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tulio M. Fumian
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Hanan EL Mohammady
- Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases Research Program, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit-3, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Galina Semeiko
- Republican Research and Practical Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Elena Samoilovich
- Republican Research and Practical Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Sidhartha Giri
- Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Gagandeep Kang
- Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Sarah Thomas
- Enteric Diseases Group Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julie Bines
- Enteric Diseases Group Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carl D. Kirkwood
- Enteric Diseases Group Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Na Liu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Deog-Yong Lee
- Division of Viral Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Diseases Control and Prevention Agency, Osong, Korea
| | | | - Nicola Anne Page
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Centre for Enteric Disease, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mathew D. Esona
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - M. Leanne Ward
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | | | | | - Jon Gentsch
- Retired Researcher, West Newton, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | | | - Fatima Serhan
- Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization Headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland
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17
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Mwape I, Laban NM, Chibesa K, Moono A, Silwamba S, Malisheni MM, Chisenga C, Chauwa A, Simusika P, Phiri M, Simuyandi M, Chilengi R, De Beer C, Ojok D. Characterization of Rotavirus Strains Responsible for Breakthrough Diarrheal Diseases among Zambian Children Using Whole Genome Sequencing. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1759. [PMID: 38140164 PMCID: PMC10748035 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of rotavirus (RV) infection among vaccinated children in high-burden settings poses a threat to further disease burden reduction. Genetically altered viruses have the potential to evade both natural infection and vaccine-induced immune responses, leading to diarrheal diseases among vaccinated children. Studies characterizing RV strains responsible for breakthrough infections in resource-limited countries where RV-associated diarrheal diseases are endemic are limited. We aimed to characterize RV strains detected in fully vaccinated children residing in Zambia using next-generation sequencing. We conducted whole genome sequencing on Illumina MiSeq. Whole genome assembly was performed using Geneious Prime 2023.1.2. A total of 76 diarrheal stool specimens were screened for RV, and 4/76 (5.2%) were RV-positive. Whole genome analysis revealed RVA/Human-wt/ZMB/CIDRZ-RV2088/2020/G1P[4]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A2-N2-T2-E2-H2 and RVA/Human-wt/ZMB/CIDRZ-RV2106/2020/G12P[4]-I1-R2-C2-M2-A2-N1-T2-E1-H2 strains were mono and multiple reassortant (exchanged genes in bold) respectively, whilst RVA/Human-wt/ZMB/CIDRZ-RV2150/2020/G12P[8]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E1-H1 was a typical Wa-like strain. Comparison of VP7 and VP4 antigenic epitope of breakthrough strains and Rotarix strain revealed several amino acid differences. Variations in amino acids in antigenic epitope suggested they played a role in immune evasion of neutralizing antibodies elicited by vaccination. Findings from this study have the potential to inform national RV vaccination strategies and the design of highly efficacious universal RV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocent Mwape
- Enteric Disease and Vaccine Research Unit, Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 34681, Zambia; (N.M.L.); (A.C.)
- Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 241, Cape Town 8000, South Africa;
| | - Natasha Makabilo Laban
- Enteric Disease and Vaccine Research Unit, Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 34681, Zambia; (N.M.L.); (A.C.)
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Kennedy Chibesa
- Enteric Disease and Vaccine Research Unit, Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 34681, Zambia; (N.M.L.); (A.C.)
- Division of Medical Virology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein P.O. Box 339, South Africa
| | - Andrew Moono
- Enteric Disease and Vaccine Research Unit, Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 34681, Zambia; (N.M.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Suwilanji Silwamba
- Enteric Disease and Vaccine Research Unit, Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 34681, Zambia; (N.M.L.); (A.C.)
| | | | - Caroline Chisenga
- Enteric Disease and Vaccine Research Unit, Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 34681, Zambia; (N.M.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Adriace Chauwa
- Enteric Disease and Vaccine Research Unit, Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 34681, Zambia; (N.M.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Paul Simusika
- University Teaching Hospitals, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
- Institute of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Levy Mwanawasa Medical University, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| | - Mabvuto Phiri
- Enteric Disease and Vaccine Research Unit, Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 34681, Zambia; (N.M.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Michelo Simuyandi
- Enteric Disease and Vaccine Research Unit, Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 34681, Zambia; (N.M.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Roma Chilengi
- Enteric Disease and Vaccine Research Unit, Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 34681, Zambia; (N.M.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Corena De Beer
- Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 241, Cape Town 8000, South Africa;
| | - David Ojok
- Enteric Disease and Vaccine Research Unit, Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 34681, Zambia; (N.M.L.); (A.C.)
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18
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Potgieter RL, Mwangi PN, Mogotsi MT, Uwimana J, Mutesa L, Muganga N, Murenzi D, Tusiyenge L, Seheri ML, Steele AD, Mwenda JM, Nyaga MM. Genomic Analysis of Rwandan G9P[8] Rotavirus Strains Pre- and Post-RotaTeq ® Vaccine Reveals Significant Distinct Sub-Clustering in a Post-Vaccination Cohort. Viruses 2023; 15:2321. [PMID: 38140562 PMCID: PMC10747556 DOI: 10.3390/v15122321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the introduction of rotavirus vaccines has substantially contributed to the reduction in rotavirus morbidity and mortality, concerns persist about the re-emergence of variant strains that might alter vaccine effectiveness in the long term. The G9 strains re-emerged in Africa during the mid-1990s and have more recently become predominant in some countries, such as Ghana and Zambia. In Rwanda, during the 2011 to 2015 routine surveillance period, G9P[8] persisted during both the pre- and post-vaccine periods. The pre-vaccination cohort was based on the surveillance period of 2011 to 2012, and the post-vaccination cohort was based on the period of 2013 to 2015, excluding 2014. The RotaTeq® vaccine that was first introduced in Rwanda in 2012 is genotypically heterologous to Viral Protein 7 (VP7) G9. This study elucidated the whole genome of Rwandan G9P[8] rotavirus strains pre- and post-RotaTeq® vaccine introduction. Fecal samples from Rwandan children under the age of five years (pre-vaccine n = 23; post-vaccine n = 7), conventionally genotyped and identified as G9P[8], were included. Whole-genome sequencing was then performed using the Illumina® MiSeq platform. Phylogenetic analysis and pair-wise sequence analysis were performed using MEGA6 software. Distinct clustering of three post-vaccination study strains was observed in all 11 gene segments, compared to the other Rwandan G9P[8] study strains. Specific amino acid differences were identified across the gene segments of these three 2015 post-vaccine strains. Important amino acid differences were identified at position N242S in the VP7 genome segment of the three post-vaccine G9 strains compared to the other G9 strains. This substitution occurs at a neutralization epitope site and may slightly affect protein interaction at that position. These findings indicate that the Rwandan G9P[8] strains revealed a distinct sub-clustering pattern among post-vaccination study strains circulating in Rwanda, with changes at neutralization epitopes, which may play a role in neutralization escape from vaccine candidates. This emphasizes the need for continuous whole-genome surveillance to better understand the evolution and epidemiology of the G9P[8] strains post-vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn-Lee Potgieter
- Next Generation Sequencing Unit and Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; (R.-L.P.); (P.N.M.); (M.T.M.)
| | - Peter N. Mwangi
- Next Generation Sequencing Unit and Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; (R.-L.P.); (P.N.M.); (M.T.M.)
| | - Milton T. Mogotsi
- Next Generation Sequencing Unit and Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; (R.-L.P.); (P.N.M.); (M.T.M.)
| | - Jeannine Uwimana
- Department of Pediatrics, Kigali University Teaching Hospital, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali P.O. Box 4285, Rwanda; (J.U.); (L.M.); (N.M.); (D.M.); (L.T.)
| | - Leon Mutesa
- Department of Pediatrics, Kigali University Teaching Hospital, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali P.O. Box 4285, Rwanda; (J.U.); (L.M.); (N.M.); (D.M.); (L.T.)
- Centre for Human Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali P.O. Box 4285, Rwanda
| | - Narcisse Muganga
- Department of Pediatrics, Kigali University Teaching Hospital, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali P.O. Box 4285, Rwanda; (J.U.); (L.M.); (N.M.); (D.M.); (L.T.)
| | - Didier Murenzi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kigali University Teaching Hospital, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali P.O. Box 4285, Rwanda; (J.U.); (L.M.); (N.M.); (D.M.); (L.T.)
| | - Lisine Tusiyenge
- Department of Pediatrics, Kigali University Teaching Hospital, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali P.O. Box 4285, Rwanda; (J.U.); (L.M.); (N.M.); (D.M.); (L.T.)
| | - Mapaseka L. Seheri
- Diarrheal Pathogens Research Unit, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Medunsa, Pretoria 0204, South Africa; (M.L.S.); (A.D.S.)
| | - A. Duncan Steele
- Diarrheal Pathogens Research Unit, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Medunsa, Pretoria 0204, South Africa; (M.L.S.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Jason M. Mwenda
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville P.O. Box 06, Congo;
| | - Martin M. Nyaga
- Next Generation Sequencing Unit and Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; (R.-L.P.); (P.N.M.); (M.T.M.)
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19
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Latifi T, Jalilvand S, Golsaz-Shirazi F, Arashkia A, Kachooei A, Afchangi A, Zafarian S, Roohvand F, Shoja Z. Characterization and immunogenicity of a novel chimeric hepatitis B core-virus like particles (cVLPs) carrying rotavirus VP8*protein in mice model. Virology 2023; 588:109903. [PMID: 37832344 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.109903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Given the efficacy and safety issues of the WHO for approved/prequalified live attenuated rotavirus (RV) vaccines, studies on alternative non-replicating modals and proper RV antigens are actively undertaken. Herein, we report the novel chimeric hepatitis B core-virus like particles (VLPs) carrying RV VP8*26-231 protein of a P [8] strain (cVLPVP8*), as a parenteral VLP RV vaccine candidate. SDS-PAGE and Western blotting analyses indicated the expected size of the E. coli-derived HBc-VP8* protein that self-assembled to cVLPVP8* particles. Immunization in mice indicated development of higher levels of IgG and IgA as well as higher IgG1/IgG2a ratios by cVLPVP8* vaccination compared to the VP8* alone. Assessment of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) indicated development of heterotypic nAbs with cross-reactivity to a heterotypic RV strain by cVLPVP8* immunization compared to VP8* alone. The observed anti-VP8* cross-reactivity might indicate the possibility of developing a Pan-genomic RVA vaccine based on the cVLPVP8* formulation that deserves further challenge studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Latifi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Jalilvand
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Forough Golsaz-Shirazi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Arashkia
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Kachooei
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Afchangi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saman Zafarian
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Department of Microbial Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzin Roohvand
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zabihollah Shoja
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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20
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Dong HJ, Liu LY, Jia LP, Zhao LQ, Jin FH, Zhou L, Qian Y. Prevalence and genomic analysis of t203-like G9 (G9-VI) rotaviruses circulating in children with gastroenteritis in Beijing, China. Arch Virol 2023; 168:257. [PMID: 37755543 PMCID: PMC10533636 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05860-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Our previous surveillance revealed that t203-like G9 (tentatively designated subtype G9-VI) rotaviruses re-emerged in 2010 in Beijing and rapidly prevailed over the G9-III subtype (the most common G9 subtype globally) and previously predominant G genotypes over the following two years. G9-VI belongs to the VP7 evolutionary lineage VI, which includes unusual and sporadic human rotaviruses from China (t203) and Japan. To obtain insight into the epidemiology, evolution, and transmission advantages of G9-VI rotavirus, we performed follow-up surveillance (2014-2017) and whole-genome analysis of 12 representative G9 strains. The results showed that the G9 genotype was predominant (77.4%), with a marked increase in prevalence (previously 43.5%). Within the G9 genotype, subtype G9-VI accounted for the majority (98.3%) of cases. The most prevalent P-genotype was P[8] (93.7%), within which subtype P[8]b was rare (0.7%). Phylogenetically, the G9-VI subtype strains in this study clustered closely with contemporary emerging human rotaviruses from many other countries in VP7 lineage VI, indicating that this subtype is capable of spreading globally. These currently emerging G9-VI rotaviruses formed a distinct monophyletic subcluster when compared to early G9-VI rotaviruses. Furthermore, four specific amino acid substitutions and synonymous codon substitutions were observed in the VP7 genes between the current G9-VI and globally common G9-III rotaviruses. The remaining nine genes of all of the analyzed representative G9 strains, whether G9-VI or G9-III, combined with the P[8]a, P[8]b, or P[6] genotype and exhibited the same Wa-like backbone constellation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jin Dong
- Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Li-Ying Liu
- Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Li-Ping Jia
- Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Lin-Qing Zhao
- Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Feng-Hua Jin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Children's Hospital to Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Children's Hospital to Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yuan Qian
- Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China.
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21
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Zhuo R, Freedman SB, Xie J, Charlton C, Plitt S, Croxen MA, Li V, Tarr GAM, Lee B, Ali S, Chui L, Luong J, Pang X. Molecular epidemiology of rotavirus among children in Western Canada: Dynamic changes in genotype prevalence in four consecutive seasons. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29028. [PMID: 37573569 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Rotavirus molecular surveillance remains important in the postvaccine era to monitor the changes in transmission patterns, identify vaccine-induced antigenic changes and discover potentially pathogenic vaccine-related strains. The Canadian province of Alberta introduced rotavirus vaccination into its provincial vaccination schedule in June 2015. To evaluate the impact of this program on stool rotavirus positivity rate, strain diversity, and seasonal trends, we analyzed a prospective cohort of children with acute gastroenteritis recruited between December 2014 and August 2018. We identified dynamic changes in rotavirus positivity and genotype trends during pre- and post-rotavirus vaccine introduction periods. Genotypes G9P[8], G1P[8], G2P[4], and G12P[8] predominated consecutively each season with overall lower rotavirus incidence rates in 2016 and 2017. The demographic and clinical features of rotavirus gastroenteritis were comparable among wild-type rotaviruses; however, children with G12P[8] infections were older (p < 0.001). Continued efforts to monitor changes in the molecular epidemiology of rotavirus using whole genome sequence characterization are needed to further understand the impact of the selection pressure of vaccination on rotavirus evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhuo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stephen B Freedman
- Sections of Pediatric Emergency Medicine and Gastroenterology, Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jianling Xie
- Sections of Pediatric Emergency Medicine and Gastroenterology, Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carmen Charlton
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sabrina Plitt
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Centre for Communicable Diseases and Infection Control, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mathew A Croxen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vincent Li
- Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gillian A M Tarr
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Bonita Lee
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Samina Ali
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Linda Chui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jasper Luong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xiaoli Pang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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22
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Gutierrez MB, de Assis RMS, de Andrade JDSR, Fialho AM, Fumian TM. Rotavirus A during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil, 2020-2022: Emergence of G6P[8] Genotype. Viruses 2023; 15:1619. [PMID: 37631962 PMCID: PMC10458023 DOI: 10.3390/v15081619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus A (RVA) remains a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) hospitalizations in children worldwide. During the COVID-19 pandemic, a reduction in vaccination coverage in Brazil and elsewhere was observed, and some reports have demonstrated a reduction in AGE notifications during the pandemic. This study aims to investigate the diversity and prevalence of RVA genotypes in children and adults presenting with AGE symptoms in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic between 2020 and 2022. RVA was screened using RT-qPCR; then, G and P genotypes were characterized using one-step multiplex RT-PCR. A total of 2173 samples were investigated over the three-year period, and we detected RVA in 7.7% of samples (n = 167), being 15.5% in 2020, 0.5% in 2021, and 13.8% in 2022. Higher RVA prevalence was observed in the Northeastern region (19.3%) compared to the Southeastern (6.1%) and Southern regions (5.5%). The most affected age group was children aged between 0 and 6 months old; however, this was not statistically significant. Genotyping and phylogenetic analysis identified the emergence of G6P[8] during the period; moreover, it was detected in 10.6% of samples in 2020 and in 83.5% in 2022. In contrast, the prevalence of G3P[8], the previous dominant genotype, decreased from 72.3% in 2020 to 11.3% in 2022. We also identified unusual strains, such as G3P[9] and G9P[4], being sporadically detected during the period. This is the first report on the molecular epidemiology and surveillance of RVA during the COVID-19 pandemic period in Brazil. Our study provides evidence for the importance of maintaining high and sustainable levels of vaccine coverage to protect against RVA disease. Furthermore, it highlights the need to maintain nationwide surveillance in order to monitor future trends and changes in the epidemiology of RVA in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tulio Machado Fumian
- Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (M.B.G.)
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23
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Manjate F, João ED, Mwangi P, Chirinda P, Mogotsi M, Messa A, Garrine M, Vubil D, Nobela N, Nhampossa T, Acácio S, Tate JE, Parashar U, Weldegebriel G, Mwenda JM, Alonso PL, Cunha C, Nyaga M, Mandomando I. Genomic characterization of the rotavirus G3P[8] strain in vaccinated children, reveals possible reassortment events between human and animal strains in Manhiça District, Mozambique. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1193094. [PMID: 37342557 PMCID: PMC10277737 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1193094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mozambique introduced the rotavirus vaccine (Rotarix®; GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium) in 2015, and since then, the Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça has been monitoring its impact on rotavirus-associated diarrhea and the trend of circulating strains, where G3P[8] was reported as the predominant strain after the vaccine introduction. Genotype G3 is among the most commonly detected Rotavirus strains in humans and animals, and herein, we report on the whole genome constellation of G3P[8] detected in two children (aged 18 months old) hospitalized with moderate-to-severe diarrhea at the Manhiça District Hospital. The two strains had a typical Wa-like genome constellation (I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E1-H1) and shared 100% nucleotide (nt) and amino acid (aa) identities in 10 gene segments, except for VP6. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that genome segments encoding VP7, VP6, VP1, NSP3, and NSP4 of the two strains clustered most closely with porcine, bovine, and equine strains with identities ranging from 86.9-99.9% nt and 97.2-100% aa. Moreover, they consistently formed distinct clusters with some G1P[8], G3P[8], G9P[8], G12P[6], and G12P[8] strains circulating from 2012 to 2019 in Africa (Mozambique, Kenya, Rwanda, and Malawi) and Asia (Japan, China, and India) in genome segments encoding six proteins (VP2, VP3, NSP1-NSP2, NSP5/6). The identification of segments exhibiting the closest relationships with animal strains shows significant diversity of rotavirus and suggests the possible occurrence of reassortment events between human and animal strains. This demonstrates the importance of applying next-generation sequencing to monitor and understand the evolutionary changes of strains and evaluate the impact of vaccines on strain diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Manjate
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Eva D. João
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Peter Mwangi
- Next Generation Sequencing Unit and Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Percina Chirinda
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Milton Mogotsi
- Next Generation Sequencing Unit and Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Augusto Messa
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Marcelino Garrine
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Delfino Vubil
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Nélio Nobela
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Tacilta Nhampossa
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Marracuene, Mozambique
| | - Sozinho Acácio
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Marracuene, Mozambique
| | - Jacqueline E. Tate
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Umesh Parashar
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Goitom Weldegebriel
- African Rotavirus Surveillance Network, Immunization, Vaccines, and Development Program, Regional Office for Africa, World Health Organization, Brazzaville, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Jason M. Mwenda
- African Rotavirus Surveillance Network, Immunization, Vaccines, and Development Program, Regional Office for Africa, World Health Organization, Brazzaville, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Pedro L. Alonso
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Celso Cunha
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Martin Nyaga
- Next Generation Sequencing Unit and Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Inácio Mandomando
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Marracuene, Mozambique
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Mhango C, Banda A, Chinyama E, Mandolo JJ, Kumwenda O, Malamba-Banda C, Barnes KG, Kumwenda B, Jambo KC, Donato CM, Esona MD, Mwangi PN, Steele AD, Iturriza-Gomara M, Cunliffe NA, Ndze VN, Kamng’ona AW, Dennis FE, Nyaga MM, Chaguza C, Jere KC. Comparative whole genome analysis reveals re-emergence of human Wa-like and DS-1-like G3 rotaviruses after Rotarix vaccine introduction in Malawi. Virus Evol 2023; 9:vead030. [PMID: 37305707 PMCID: PMC10256189 DOI: 10.1093/ve/vead030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
G3 rotaviruses rank among the most common rotavirus strains worldwide in humans and animals. However, despite a robust long-term rotavirus surveillance system from 1997 at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital in Blantyre, Malawi, these strains were only detected from 1997 to 1999 and then disappeared and re-emerged in 2017, 5 years after the introduction of the Rotarix rotavirus vaccine. Here, we analysed representative twenty-seven whole genome sequences (G3P[4], n = 20; G3P[6], n = 1; and G3P[8], n = 6) randomly selected each month between November 2017 and August 2019 to understand how G3 strains re-emerged in Malawi. We found four genotype constellations that were associated with the emergent G3 strains and co-circulated in Malawi post-Rotarix vaccine introduction: G3P[4] and G3P[6] strains with the DS-1-like genetic backbone genes (G3-P[4]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A2-N2-T2-E2-H2 and G3-P[6]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A2-N2-T2-E2-H2), G3P[8] strains with the Wa-like genetic backbone genes (G3-P[8]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E1-H1), and reassortant G3P[4] strains consisting of the DS-1-like genetic backbone genes and a Wa-like NSP2 (N1) gene (G3-P[4]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A2-N1-T2-E2-H2). Time-resolved phylogenetic trees demonstrated that the most recent common ancestor for each ribonucleic acid (RNA) segment of the emergent G3 strains was between 1996 and 2012, possibly through introductions from outside the country due to the limited genetic similarity with G3 strains which circulated before their disappearance in the late 1990s. Further genomic analysis revealed that the reassortant DS-1-like G3P[4] strains acquired a Wa-like NSP2 genome segment (N1 genotype) through intergenogroup reassortment; an artiodactyl-like VP3 through intergenogroup interspecies reassortment; and VP6, NSP1, and NSP4 segments through intragenogroup reassortment likely before importation into Malawi. Additionally, the emergent G3 strains contain amino acid substitutions within the antigenic regions of the VP4 proteins which could potentially impact the binding of rotavirus vaccine-induced antibodies. Altogether, our findings show that multiple strains with either Wa-like or DS-1-like genotype constellations have driven the re-emergence of G3 strains. The findings also highlight the role of human mobility and genome reassortment events in the cross-border dissemination and evolution of rotavirus strains in Malawi necessitating the need for long-term genomic surveillance of rotavirus in high disease-burden settings to inform disease prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akuzike Banda
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malawi, Zomba 305205, Malawi
| | - End Chinyama
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Clinical Research Programme, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre 312225, Malawi
| | - Jonathan J Mandolo
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Clinical Research Programme, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre 312225, Malawi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Allied Health Professions, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre 312225, Malawi
| | - Orpha Kumwenda
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Clinical Research Programme, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre 312225, Malawi
| | - Chikondi Malamba-Banda
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Clinical Research Programme, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre 312225, Malawi
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK
- Department of Biological Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Malawi University of Science and Technology, Thyolo 310105, Malawi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Health Profession, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre 312225, Malawi
| | - Kayla G Barnes
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Clinical Research Programme, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre 312225, Malawi
| | - Benjamin Kumwenda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Allied Health Professions, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre 312225, Malawi
| | - Kondwani C Jambo
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Clinical Research Programme, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre 312225, Malawi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Celeste M Donato
- Enteric Diseases Group, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, Melbourne 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | | | - Peter N Mwangi
- Next Generation Sequencing Unit and Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - A Duncan Steele
- Diarrhoeal Pathogens Research Unit, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Medunsa, Pretoria 0204, South Africa
| | - Miren Iturriza-Gomara
- Centre for Vaccine Innovation and Access, Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH), Geneva 1218, Switzerland
| | - Nigel A Cunliffe
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK
| | - Valentine N Ndze
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, PO Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
| | | | - Francis E Dennis
- Department of Electron Microscopy and Histopathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana
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Tatsi EB, Koukou DM, Dellis C, Dourdouna MM, Efthymiou V, Michos A, Syriopoulou V. Epidemiological study of unusual rotavirus strains and molecular characterization of emerging P[14] strains isolated from children with acute gastroenteritis during a 15-year period. Arch Virol 2023; 168:149. [PMID: 37129790 PMCID: PMC10151219 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05769-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Rotavirus group A (RVA) is characterized by molecular and epidemiological diversity. To date, 42 G and 58 P RVA genotypes have been identified, some of which, like P[14], have a zoonotic origin. In this study, we describe the epidemiology of unusual RVA genotypes and the molecular characteristics of P[14] strains. Fecal samples from children ≤ 16 years of age with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) who were hospitalized during 2007-2021 in Greece were tested for RVA by immunochromatography. Positive RVA samples were G and P genotyped, and part of the VP7 and VP4 genes were sequenced by the Sanger method. Epidemiological data were also recorded. Phylogenetic analysis of P[14] was performed using MEGA 11 software. Sixty-two (1.4%) out of 4427 children with RVA AGE were infected with an unusual G (G6/G8/G10) or P (P[6]/P[9]/P[10]/P[11]/P[14]) genotype. Their median (IQR) age was 18.7 (37.3) months, and 67.7% (42/62) were males. None of the children were vaccinated against RVA. P[9] (28/62; 45.2%) was the most common unusual genotype, followed by P[14] (12/62; 19.4%). In the last two years, during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic, an emergence of P[14] was observed (5/12, 41.6%) after an 8-year absence. The highest prevalence of P[14] infection was seen in the spring (91.7%). The combinations G8P[14] (41.7%), G6P[14] (41.7%), and G4P[14] (16.6%) were also detected. Phylogenetic analysis showed a potential evolutionary relationship of three human RVA P[14] strains to a fox strain from Croatia. These findings suggest a possible zoonotic origin of P[14] and interspecies transmission between nondomestic animals and humans, which may lead to new RVA genotypes with unknown severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth-Barbara Tatsi
- First Department of Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases and Chemotherapy Research Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, 11527, Greece.
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, Athens, Greece.
| | - Dimitra-Maria Koukou
- First Department of Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases and Chemotherapy Research Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Charilaos Dellis
- First Department of Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases and Chemotherapy Research Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Maria-Myrto Dourdouna
- First Department of Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases and Chemotherapy Research Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Efthymiou
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Michos
- First Department of Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases and Chemotherapy Research Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Syriopoulou
- First Department of Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases and Chemotherapy Research Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, 11527, Greece
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26
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de Oliveira Matos A, Vilela Rodrigues TC, Tiwari S, Dos Santos Dantas PH, Sartori GR, de Carvalho Azevedo VA, Martins Da Silva JH, de Castro Soares S, Silva-Sales M, Sales-Campos H. Immunoinformatics-guided design of a multi-valent vaccine against Rotavirus and Norovirus (ChRNV22). Comput Biol Med 2023; 159:106941. [PMID: 37105111 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.106941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Rotavirus (RV) and Norovirus (NV) are the main viral etiologic agents of acute gastroenteritis (AG), a serious pediatric condition associated with significant death rates and long-term complications. Anti-RV vaccination has been proved efficient in the reduction of severe AG worldwide, however, the available vaccines are all attenuated and have suboptimal efficiencies in developing countries, where AG leads to substantial disease burden. On the other hand, no NV vaccine has been licensed so far. Therefore, we used immunoinformatics tools to develop a multi-epitope vaccine (ChRNV22) to prevent severe AG by RV and NV. Epitopes were predicted against 17 prevalent genotypes of four structural proteins (NV's VP1, RV's VP4, VP6 and VP7), and then assembled in a chimeric protein, with two small adjuvant sequences (tetanus toxin P2 epitope and a conserved sequence of RV's enterotoxin, NSP4). Simulations of the immune response and interactions with immune receptors indicated the immunogenic properties of ChRNV22, including a Th1-biased response. In silico search for putative host-homologous, allergenic and toxic regions also indicated the vaccine safety. In summary, we developed a multi-epitope vaccine against different NV and RV genotypes that seems promising for the prevention of severe AG, which will be further assessed by in vivo tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda de Oliveira Matos
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology and Immunoinformatics (LIM), Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, 746050-050, Brazil
| | - Thaís Cristina Vilela Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics (LGCM), Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Sandeep Tiwari
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, 40170-115, Brazil; Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, 40231-300, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Dos Santos Dantas
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology and Immunoinformatics (LIM), Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, 746050-050, Brazil
| | | | - Vasco Ariston de Carvalho Azevedo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics (LGCM), Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | | | - Siomar de Castro Soares
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, 38025-180, Brazil
| | - Marcelle Silva-Sales
- Laboratory of Virology and Cellular Culture (LABVICC), Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, 746050-050, Brazil
| | - Helioswilton Sales-Campos
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology and Immunoinformatics (LIM), Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, 746050-050, Brazil.
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Genomic Constellation of Human Rotavirus G8 Strains in Brazil over a 13-Year Period: Detection of the Novel Bovine-like G8P[8] Strains with the DS-1-like Backbone. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030664. [PMID: 36992373 PMCID: PMC10056101 DOI: 10.3390/v15030664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus (RVA) G8 is frequently detected in animals, but only occasionally in humans. G8 strains, however, are frequently documented in nations in Africa. Recently, an increase in G8 detection was observed outside Africa. The aims of the study were to monitor G8 infections in the Brazilian human population between 2007 and 2020, undertake the full-genotype characterization of the four G8P[4], six G8P[6] and two G8P[8] RVA strains and conduct phylogenetic analysis in order to understand their genetic diversity and evolution. A total of 12,978 specimens were screened for RVA using ELISA, PAGE, RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. G8 genotype represented 0.6% (15/2434) of the entirely RVA-positive samples. G8P[4] comprised 33.3% (5/15), G8P[6] 46.7% (7/15) and G8P[8] 20% (3/15). All G8 strains showed a short RNA pattern. All twelve selected G8 strains displayed a DS-1-like genetic backbone. The whole-genotype analysis on a DS-1-like backbone identified four different genotype-linage constellations. According to VP7 analysis, the Brazilian G8P[8] strains with the DS-1-like backbone strains were derived from cattle and clustered with newly DS-1-like G1/G3/G9/G8P[8] strains and G2P[4] strains. Brazilian IAL-R193/2017/G8P[8] belonged to a VP1/R2.XI lineage and were grouped with bovine-like G8P[8] strains with the DS-1-like backbone strains detected in Asia. Otherwise, the Brazilian IAL-R558/2017/G8P[8] possess a “Distinct” VP1/R2 lineage never previously described and grouped apart from any of the DS-1-like reference strains. Collectively, our findings suggest that the Brazilian bovine-like G8P[8] strains with the DS-1-like backbone strains are continuously evolving and likely reassorting with local RVA strains rather than directly relating to imports from Asia. The Brazilian G8P[6]-DS-1-like strains have been reassorted with nearby co-circulating American strains of the same DS-1 genotype constellation. However, phylogenetic analyses revealed that these strains have some genetic origin from Africa. Finally, rather than being African-born, Brazilian G8P[4]-DS-1-like strains were likely imported from Europe. None of the Brazilian G8 strains examined here exhibited signs of recent zoonotic reassortment. G8 strains continued to be found in Brazil according to their intermittent and localized pattern, thus, does not suggest that a potential emergence is taking place in the country. Our research demonstrates the diversity of G8 RVA strains in Brazil and adds to the understanding of G8P[4]/P[6]/P[8] RVA genetic diversity and evolution on a global scale.
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Mwangi PN, Potgieter RL, Simwaka J, Mpabalwani EM, Mwenda JM, Mogotsi MT, Magagula N, Esona MD, Steele AD, Seheri ML, Nyaga MM. Genomic Analysis of G2P[4] Group A Rotaviruses in Zambia Reveals Positive Selection in Amino Acid Site 7 of Viral Protein 3. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020501. [PMID: 36851715 PMCID: PMC9965253 DOI: 10.3390/v15020501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The G2P[4] genotype is among the rotavirus strains that circulate commonly in humans. Several countries have reported its immediate upsurge after the introduction of rotavirus vaccination, raising concern about sub-optimal vaccine effectiveness against this genotype in the long term. This study aimed to gain insight into the evolution of post-vaccine Zambian G2P[4] group A rotavirus (RVA) strains and their overall genetic make-up by analysis of sequence alignments at the amino acid (AA) level. Twenty-nine Zambian G2P[4] rotavirus strains were subjected to whole-genome sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq® platform. All the strains exhibited the typical DS-1-like genotype constellation, and the nucleotide sequences of the 11 genome segments showed high nucleotide similarities (>97%). Phylogenetic analyses together with representative global G2P[4] RVA showed that Zambian strains clustered into human lineages IV (for VP2, VP4, VP7, NSP1, and NSP5), V (for VP1, VP3, VP6, NSP2, and NSP3), and XXIII (for NSP4). The AA differences between the lineages where the study strains clustered and lineages of global reference strains were identified and analyzed. Selection pressure analysis revealed that AA site seven in the Viral Protein 3 (VP3) genome segment was under positive selection. This site occurs in the region of intrinsic disorder in the VP3 protein, and Zambian G2P[4] strains could potentially be utilizing this intrinsically disordered region to survive immune pressure. The Zambian G2P[4] strains from 2012 to 2016 comprised the G2P[4] strains that have been circulating globally since the early 2000s, highlighting the epidemiological fitness of these contemporary G2P[4] strains. Continuous whole-genome surveillance of G2P[4] strains remains imperative to understand their evolution during the post-vaccination period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter N. Mwangi
- Next Generation Sequencing Unit and Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Robyn-Lee Potgieter
- Next Generation Sequencing Unit and Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Julia Simwaka
- Institute of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Levy Mwanawasa Medical University, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| | - Evans M. Mpabalwani
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Ridgeway, Lusaka RW50000, Zambia
| | - Jason M. Mwenda
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville P.O. Box 06, Congo
| | - Milton T. Mogotsi
- Next Generation Sequencing Unit and Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Nonkululeko Magagula
- Diarrheal Pathogens Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0204, South Africa
| | - Mathew D. Esona
- Diarrheal Pathogens Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0204, South Africa
| | - A. Duncan Steele
- Diarrheal Pathogens Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0204, South Africa
| | - Mapaseka L. Seheri
- Diarrheal Pathogens Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0204, South Africa
| | - Martin M. Nyaga
- Next Generation Sequencing Unit and Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
- Correspondence:
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29
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Yamani LN, Utsumi T, Doan YH, Fujii Y, Dinana Z, Wahyuni RM, Gunawan E, Soegijanto S, Athiyyah AF, Sudarmo SM, Ranuh RG, Darma A, Soetjipto, Juniastuti, Bawono RG, Matsui C, Deng L, Abe T, Shimizu H, Ishii K, Katayama K, Lusida MI, Shoji I. Complete genome analyses of G12P[8] rotavirus strains from hospitalized children in Surabaya, Indonesia, 2017-2018. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28485. [PMID: 36625390 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Rotavirus A (RVA) is a major viral cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) worldwide. G12 RVA strains have emerged globally since 2007. There has been no report of the whole genome sequences of G12 RVAs in Indonesia. We performed the complete genome analysis by the next-generation sequencing of five G12 strains from hospitalized children with AGE in Surabaya from 2017 to 2018. All five G12 strains were Wa-like strains (G12-P[8]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E1-H1) and were clustered into lineage-III of VP7 gene phylogenetic tree. STM430 sample was observed as a mixed-infection between G12 and G1 strains: G12/G1-P[8]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E1-H1. A phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that all five Indonesian G12 strains (SOEP379, STM371, STM413, STM430, and STM433) were genetically close to each other in all 11 genome segments with 98.0%-100% nucleotide identities, except VP3 and NSP4 of STM430, suggesting that these strains have originated from a similar ancestral G12 RVA. The VP3 and NSP4 genome segments of STM430-G12P[8] were separated phylogenetically from those of the other four G12 strains, probably due to intra-genotype reassortment between the G12 and G1 Wa-like strains. The change from G12P[6] lineage-II in 2007 to G12P[8] lineage-III 2017-2018 suggests the evolution and diversity of G12 RVAs in Indonesia over the past approximately 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Navika Yamani
- Laboratory of Viral Diarrhea, Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, Population Studies and Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Laboratory of Viral Diarrhea, Research Center on Global Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Takako Utsumi
- Laboratory of Viral Diarrhea, Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yen Hai Doan
- Laboratory VIII, Center for Emergency Preparedness and Response, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Fujii
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zayyin Dinana
- Laboratory of Viral Diarrhea, Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Laboratory of Viral Diarrhea, Research Center on Global Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Rury Mega Wahyuni
- Laboratory of Viral Diarrhea, Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Emily Gunawan
- Laboratory of Viral Diarrhea, Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Soegeng Soegijanto
- Laboratory of Viral Diarrhea, Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Alpha Fardah Athiyyah
- Laboratory of Viral Diarrhea, Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Department of Child Health, Soetomo Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Subijanto Marto Sudarmo
- Laboratory of Viral Diarrhea, Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Department of Child Health, Soetomo Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Reza Gunadi Ranuh
- Laboratory of Viral Diarrhea, Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Department of Child Health, Soetomo Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Andy Darma
- Laboratory of Viral Diarrhea, Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Department of Child Health, Soetomo Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Soetjipto
- Laboratory of Viral Diarrhea, Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Laboratory of Viral Diarrhea, Research Center on Global Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Juniastuti
- Laboratory of Viral Diarrhea, Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Laboratory of Viral Diarrhea, Research Center on Global Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Rheza Gandi Bawono
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Chieko Matsui
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Lin Deng
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Abe
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shimizu
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Ishii
- Department of Quality Assurance and Radiological Protection, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Katayama
- Laboratory of Viral Infection I, Department of Infection Control and Immunology, Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maria Inge Lusida
- Laboratory of Viral Diarrhea, Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Laboratory of Viral Diarrhea, Research Center on Global Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ikuo Shoji
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
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Zafari E, Soleimanjahi H, Mohammadi A, Teimoori A, Shatizadeh Malekshahi S. Comparison of IgA Antibody Titer Induced by Human-Bovine Rotavirus Candidate Vaccine with Bovine Rotavirus and Rotarix. ARCHIVES OF RAZI INSTITUTE 2023; 78:405-412. [PMID: 37312718 PMCID: PMC10258266 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2021.354821.1652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rotavirus (RV) is the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis in early childhood worldwide. Gastroenteritis is a preventable disease by the vaccine, and vigorous efforts were made to produce attenuated oral rotavirus vaccines. In recent years, despite the existence of three types of live attenuated rotavirus vaccines, several countries, such as China and Vietnam, have intended to produce indigenous vaccines based on rotavirus serotypes circulating among their population. In this study, the immunogenicity of homemade human-bovine reassortant RV candidate vaccine was tested in an animal model. Rabbits were randomly distributed into eight experimental groups with three animals per group. Afterward, three rabbits in each test group designated as P1, P2, and P3 were experimentally inoculated with the 106, 107, and 108 tissue culture infectious dose 50 (TCID50) of the reassortant virus, respectively. The N1 group received the reassortant rotavirus vaccine containing 107 TCID50+zinc. The N2, N3, and N4 groups received rotavirus vaccine strain, RV4 human rotavirus, and bovine rotavirus strain, respectively, and the control group received phosphate-buffered saline. It is noteworthy that three rabbits have been included in each group. The IgA total antibody titer was measured and evaluated by non-parametric Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The antibody titer produced in the studied groups did not significantly differ. The candidate vaccine showed immunogenicity, protectivity, stability, and safety. The findings of this study indicated a critical role of IgA production, which can induce immunity against a gastroenteritis viral pathogen. Regardless of purification, candidate reassortant vaccine and cell adapted animal strains could be used as a vaccine candidate for production.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Zafari
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - H Soleimanjahi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Mohammadi
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
| | - A Teimoori
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - S Shatizadeh Malekshahi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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31
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Yandle Z, Gonzalez G, Carr M, Matthijnssens J, De Gascun C. A viral metagenomic protocol for nanopore sequencing of group A rotavirus. J Virol Methods 2023; 312:114664. [PMID: 36494024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2022.114664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM Development of an unbiased methodology using Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) sequencing to obtain whole-genome sequences (WGS) of Rotavirus A (RVA) from clinical samples. METHODS 157 RVA qRT-PCR positive faecal samples were enriched by virus-like particle (VLP) purification and host nuclease digestion to enhance the detection of viral nucleic acids and cDNA generated as per the NetoVIR protocol. ONT sequencing was then performed using the ONT Native Barcoding kit (SQK-LSK-109) on the GridION platform. Data was basecalled, demultiplexed and assembled into near complete RVA genomes. The accuracy and quality of the obtained sequences was assessed by comparing to Sanger sequencing and RVA reference genomes. RESULTS The developed protocol generated 146 near-complete RVA WGS out of the 157 RVA-positive clinical samples. The quality of the assembled genomes was assessed by comparison against publicly-available sequences with results showing 98.76 % ± 0.03 % similarity and > 90 % genome coverage. A concordance assessment was performed comparing the identity of partial RVA VP7 and VP4 segments obtained by Sanger sequencing (n = 51) against corresponding nanopore sequences which demonstrated an overall identity of 100.0 % ± 0.02 %. CONCLUSIONS The nanopore protocol generated both high quality and accurate RVA WGS extracted from faecal samples. This protocol can be extended to other viral agents in other sample types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Yandle
- UCD National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Gabriel Gonzalez
- UCD National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland; International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0020, Japan; Japan Initiative for World-leading Vaccine Research and Development Centers, Hokkaido University, Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Michael Carr
- UCD National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland; International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Jelle Matthijnssens
- Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cillian De Gascun
- UCD National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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Kachooei A, Tava Koli A, Minaeian S, Hosseini M, Jalilvand S, Latifi T, Arashkia A, Ataei-Pirkooh A, Shoja Z. Molecular characterization of rotavirus infections in children less than 5 years of age with acute gastroenteritis in Tehran, Iran, 2021-2022: Emergence of uncommon G9P[4] and G9P[8] rotavirus strains. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28529. [PMID: 36698258 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to monitor the genotypes of circulating species A rotavirus (RVA) in Iran and investigate genetic linkages between specific RVA VP7, VP4, VP6, and NSP4 segments. For this purpose, 48 RVA strains were detected during the 2021-2022 seasons. The two combinations of G9P[4] and G9P[8] RVA strains were predominant. However, several other combinations of RVA also were detected. Based on the distribution of I and E genotypes (46 strains) with respect to G and P, the most common strains were G9P[4]-I2-E2 (19.5%), G9P[4]-I2-E1 (6.5%), G9P[4]-I1-E1 (4.3%), G9P[8]-I1-E1 (19.5%), and G9P[8]-I2-E2 (10.9%), which were followed by several other combinations of G and P RVA strains with different pattern of I-E genotypes and also emerging, rare and uncommon strains. The present study described the continued circulation of G9 strains with the emergence of uncommon G9P[4] and G9P[8] reassortants with three and two different I-E genotypes, respectively, which have not been reported previously in Iran. Our findings indicated that these uncommon strains exhibited a unique genotype pattern comprising a mixture of genogroup 1 and 2 genes and suggest the need for further analysis of rare, uncommon, and emerging strains of RVA at all 11 gene segments to determine intergenogroup and intragenotype reassortments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Kachooei
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Tava Koli
- Rsearch Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Minaeian
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Hosseini
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Jalilvand
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Latifi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Arashkia
- Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Angila Ataei-Pirkooh
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zabihollah Shoja
- Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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33
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Vetter V, Gardner RC, Debrus S, Benninghoff B, Pereira P. Established and new rotavirus vaccines: a comprehensive review for healthcare professionals. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:1870395. [PMID: 33605839 PMCID: PMC8920198 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1870395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Robust scientific evidence related to two rotavirus (RV) vaccines available worldwide demonstrates their significant impact on RV disease burden. Improving RV vaccination coverage may result in better RV disease control. To make RV vaccination accessible to all eligible children worldwide and improve vaccine effectiveness in high-mortality settings, research into new RV vaccines continues. Although current and in-development RV vaccines differ in vaccine design, their common goal is the reduction of RV disease risk in children <5 years old for whom disease burden is the most significant. Given the range of RV vaccines available, informed decision-making is essential regarding the choice of vaccine for immunization. This review aims to describe the landscape of current and new RV vaccines, providing context for the assessment of their similarities and differences. As data for new vaccines are limited, future investigations will be required to evaluate their performance/added value in a real-world setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Vetter
- Medical Affairs Department, GSK, Wavre, Belgium
- Vaccines R&D – Technical R&D, GSK, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Robert C. Gardner
- Medical Affairs Department, GSK, Wavre, Belgium
- Vaccines R&D – Technical R&D, GSK, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Serge Debrus
- Medical Affairs Department, GSK, Wavre, Belgium
- Vaccines R&D – Technical R&D, GSK, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Bernd Benninghoff
- Medical Affairs Department, GSK, Wavre, Belgium
- Vaccines R&D – Technical R&D, GSK, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Priya Pereira
- Medical Affairs Department, GSK, Wavre, Belgium
- Vaccines R&D – Technical R&D, GSK, Wavre, Belgium
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The Association between Symptomatic Rotavirus Infection and Histo-Blood Group Antigens in Young Children with Diarrhea in Pretoria, South Africa. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122735. [PMID: 36560739 PMCID: PMC9782691 DOI: 10.3390/v14122735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recently, histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) have been identified as receptors or attachment factors of several viral pathogens. Among rotaviruses, HBGAs interact with the outer viral protein, VP4, which has been identified as a potential susceptibility factor, although the findings are inconsistent throughout populations due to HBGA polymorphisms. We investigated the association between HBGA phenotypes and rotavirus infection in children with acute gastroenteritis in northern Pretoria, South Africa. METHODS Paired diarrheal stool and saliva samples were collected from children aged ≤ 59 months (n = 342) with acute moderate to severe diarrhea, attending two health care facilities. Rotaviruses in the stool samples were detected by commercial EIA and the rotavirus strains were characterized by RT-PCR targeting the outer capsid VP7 (G-type) and VP4 (P-type) antigens for genotyping. Saliva-based ELISAs were performed to determine A, B, H, and Lewis antigens for blood group typing. RESULTS Blood type O was the most common blood group (62.5%) in this population, followed by groups A (26.0%), B (9.3%), and AB (2.2%). The H1-based secretors were common (82.7%) compared to the non-secretors (17.3%), and the Lewis antigen positive phenotypes (Le(a+b+)) were predominant (54.5%). Blood type A children were more likely to be infected by rotavirus (38.8%) than any other blood types. P[4] rotaviruses (21/49; 42.9%) infected only secretor individuals, whereas P[6] rotaviruses (3/49; 6.1%) only infected Le(a-b-), although the numbers were very low. On the contrary, P[8] rotaviruses infected children with a wide range of blood group phenotypes, including Le(a-b-) and non-secretors. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated that Lewis antigens, or the lack thereof, may serve as susceptibility factors to rotaviral infection by specific VP4 genotypes as observed elsewhere. Potentially, the P[8] strains remain the predominant human VP4 genotype due to their ability to bind to a variety of HBGA phenotypes.
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Gutierrez MB, de Assis RMS, Arantes I, Fumian TM. Full genotype constellations analysis of unusual DS-1-like G12P[6] and G6P[8] rotavirus strains detected in Brazil, 2019. Virology 2022; 577:74-83. [PMID: 36323046 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Rotavirus A (RVA) is a major cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children worldwide. We report unusual RVA G12P[6] and G6P[8] strains isolated from fecal samples from Brazilian children hospitalized for AGE. The characterized RVA have genome segments backbone: G12-P[6]/ G6-P[8]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A2-N2-T2-E2-H2 of DS-1-like genogroup. Our study describes the first identification of G6P[8], a DS-1-like genogroup strain. Nucleotide analysis of VP7 and VP4 genes revealed that all G12 Brazilian strains clustered into the sub-lineages IIIB, mostly associated with P[6] lineage I. Additionally, our G6 lineage I strains were closely related to German G6 genotypes, bound with P[8] lineage III, differing from both vaccine strains. The comparative sequence analysis of our strains with vaccine strains revealed amino acid substitutions located in immunodominant regions of VP7 and VP4 proteins. Continuous monitoring of RVA genotypes is essential to evaluate the impact of vaccination on the dynamic nature of RVA evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meylin Bautista Gutierrez
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Av. Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Rosane Maria Santos de Assis
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Av. Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Ighor Arantes
- Laboratory of Respiratory Viruses and Measles, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Av. Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Tulio Machado Fumian
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Av. Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-360, Brazil.
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36
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Omatola CA, Olaniran AO. Genetic heterogeneity of group A rotaviruses: a review of the evolutionary dynamics and implication on vaccination. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2022; 20:1587-1602. [PMID: 36285575 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2022.2139239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human rotavirus remains a major etiology of acute gastroenteritis among under 5-year children worldwide despite the availability of oral vaccines. The genetic instability of rotavirus and the ability to form different combinations from the different G- and P-types reshapes the antigenic landscape of emerging strains which often display limited or no antigen identities with the vaccine strain. As evidence also suggests, the selection of the antigenically distinct novel or rare strains and their successful spread in the human population has raised concerns regarding undermining the effectiveness of vaccination programs. AREAS COVERED We review aspects related to current knowledge about genetic and antigenic heterogeneity of rotavirus, the mechanism of genetic diversity and evolution, and the implication of genetic change on vaccination. EXPERT OPINION Genetic changes in the segmented genome of rotavirus can alter the antigenic landscape on the virion capsid and further promote viral fitness in a fully vaccinated population. Against this background, the potential risk of the appearance of new rotavirus strains over the long term would be better predicted by a continued and increased close monitoring of the variants across the globe to identify any change associated with disease dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius A Omatola
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, Republic of South Africa
| | - Ademola O Olaniran
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, Republic of South Africa
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37
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Koukou DM, Michos A, Chatzichristou P, Trimis G, Tatsi EB, Dellis C, Zachariadou L, Liakopoulou T, Chrousos GP, Syriopoulou V. Rotavirus epidemiology and genotype distribution in hospitalised children, Greece, 2008 to 2020: A prospective multicentre study. Euro Surveill 2022; 27:2101133. [PMID: 36695456 PMCID: PMC9693793 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2022.27.47.2101133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundTwo rotavirus (RV) vaccines were licensed in Greece in late 2006 and included in the national immunisation programme in 2012.AimTo study the epidemiology and genotype distribution of RV in children during the post-vaccination period and assess the impact of increased vaccination coverage.MethodsIn a prospective multicentre hospital-based study, hospitalised children (≤ 16 years) with an RV-positive faecal sample were recruited. Epidemiological and genotyping analyses were performed; periods of low (2008-12) and moderate (2012-20) RV vaccination coverage were compared. Statistical analysis was performed with a chi-squared or Mann-Whitney U test and logistic regression.ResultsA total of 3,874 children (55.6% male; n = 2,153) with median age of 1.4 years (IQR: 0.5-3.3) were studied during 2008-20. Most RV-infected children were aged ≤ 3 years (72.2%) and hospitalised during December-May (69.1%). Common RV genotypes (G1P[8], G2P[4], G3P[8], G4P[8], G9P[8], G12P[8]) were detected in 92.2% of samples; G-P combinations with prevalence above 1% were G4P[8] (44.1%), G1P[8] (25.4%), G2P[4] (14.9%), G9P[8] (3.5%), G12P[8] (2.2%), G3P[8] (2.1%), other (4.3%) and mixed (3.5%). Of all samples, 97.6% were homotypic or partially heterotypic to vaccines' genotypes. With moderate vaccination coverage, the seasonal peak was detected earlier, children were older and partially or fully heterotypic genotypes were increased (p < 0.001).ConclusionsIn the era of moderate RV vaccination coverage in Greece, epidemiology of RV in hospitalised children seemed to change. However, most circulating genotypes remain homotypic or partially heterotypic to RV vaccines. Continuous epidemiological surveillance and genotyping are important to monitor possible changes arising from RV vaccines' implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra-Maria Koukou
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Michos
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota Chatzichristou
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Trimis
- MSD Greece, Medical and Scientific Affairs Department, Athens, Greece
| | - Elizabeth-Barbara Tatsi
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Charilaos Dellis
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - George P Chrousos
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece,University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Syriopoulou
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Koukou DM, Michos A, Chatzichristou P, Trimis G, Tatsi EB, Dellis C, Zachariadou L, Liakopoulou T, Chrousos GP, Syriopoulou V. Rotavirus epidemiology and genotype distribution in hospitalised children, Greece, 2008 to 2020: A prospective multicentre study. Euro Surveill 2022; 27. [PMID: 36695456 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2022.27.47.2101133/cite/plaintext] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundTwo rotavirus (RV) vaccines were licensed in Greece in late 2006 and included in the national immunisation programme in 2012.AimTo study the epidemiology and genotype distribution of RV in children during the post-vaccination period and assess the impact of increased vaccination coverage.MethodsIn a prospective multicentre hospital-based study, hospitalised children (≤ 16 years) with an RV-positive faecal sample were recruited. Epidemiological and genotyping analyses were performed; periods of low (2008-12) and moderate (2012-20) RV vaccination coverage were compared. Statistical analysis was performed with a chi-squared or Mann-Whitney U test and logistic regression.ResultsA total of 3,874 children (55.6% male; n = 2,153) with median age of 1.4 years (IQR: 0.5-3.3) were studied during 2008-20. Most RV-infected children were aged ≤ 3 years (72.2%) and hospitalised during December-May (69.1%). Common RV genotypes (G1P[8], G2P[4], G3P[8], G4P[8], G9P[8], G12P[8]) were detected in 92.2% of samples; G-P combinations with prevalence above 1% were G4P[8] (44.1%), G1P[8] (25.4%), G2P[4] (14.9%), G9P[8] (3.5%), G12P[8] (2.2%), G3P[8] (2.1%), other (4.3%) and mixed (3.5%). Of all samples, 97.6% were homotypic or partially heterotypic to vaccines' genotypes. With moderate vaccination coverage, the seasonal peak was detected earlier, children were older and partially or fully heterotypic genotypes were increased (p < 0.001).ConclusionsIn the era of moderate RV vaccination coverage in Greece, epidemiology of RV in hospitalised children seemed to change. However, most circulating genotypes remain homotypic or partially heterotypic to RV vaccines. Continuous epidemiological surveillance and genotyping are important to monitor possible changes arising from RV vaccines' implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra-Maria Koukou
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Michos
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota Chatzichristou
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Trimis
- MSD Greece, Medical and Scientific Affairs Department, Athens, Greece
| | - Elizabeth-Barbara Tatsi
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Charilaos Dellis
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - George P Chrousos
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, Athens, Greece
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Syriopoulou
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Elbashir I, Aldoos NF, Mathew S, Al Thani AA, Emara MM, Yassine HM. Molecular epidemiology, genetic diversity, and vaccine availability of viral acute gastroenteritis in the middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. J Infect Public Health 2022; 15:1193-1211. [PMID: 36240530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute gastroenteritis is the cause of considerable mortality and morbidity worldwide, particularly among children under five years in underdeveloped countries. Most acute gastroenteritis (AGE) cases are attributed to viral etiologies, including rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus, astrovirus, and sapovirus. This paper aimed to determine the prevalence rate of different viral etiologies of AGE in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Moreover, this paper explored rotavirus phylogenetic relatedness, compared VP7 and VP4 antigenic regions of rotavirus with vaccine strains, and explored the availability of vaccines in the MENA region. The literature search identified 160 studies from 18 countries from 1980 to 2019. The overall prevalence of rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus, astrovirus, and sapovirus were 29.8 %, 13.9 %, 6.3 %, 3.5 %, and 3.2 % of tested samples, respectively. The most common rotavirus genotype combinations in the MENA region were G1P[8], G9P[9], and G2P[4], whereas GII.4 was the predominant norovirus genotype all of which were reported in almost all the studies with genotyping data. The comparison of VP7 and VP4 between circulating rotavirus in the MENA region and vaccine strains has revealed discrete divergent regions, including the neutralizing epitopes. Rotavirus vaccine was introduced to most of the countries of the MENA region; however, only a few studies have assessed the effectiveness of vaccine introduction. This paper provides a comprehensive update on the prevalence of the different viral agents of AGE in the MENA region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israa Elbashir
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar.
| | - Noor F Aldoos
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Shilu Mathew
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar.
| | - Asmaa A Al Thani
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science-QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Mohamed M Emara
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar.
| | - Hadi M Yassine
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar.
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Luo G, Zeng Y, Yang H, Li Y, Yang L, Li C, Song F, Zhang S, Li T, Ge S, Zhang J, Xia N. Bivalent rotavirus VP4∗ stimulates protective antibodies against common genotypes of human rotaviruses. iScience 2022; 25:105099. [PMID: 36185383 PMCID: PMC9519587 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-replicating rotavirus vaccines are an alternative strategy to improve the efficacy and safety of rotavirus vaccines. The spike protein VP4, which could be enzymatically cleaved into VP8∗ and VP5∗, is an ideal target for the development of recombinant rotavirus vaccine. In our previous studies, we demonstrated that the truncated VP4 (aa26-476, VP4∗) could be a more viable vaccine candidate compared to VP8∗ and VP5∗. Here, to develop a human rotavirus vaccine, the VP4∗ proteins of P[4], P[6], and P[8] genotype rotaviruses were expressed. All VP4∗ proteins can stimulate high levels of neutralizing antibodies in both guinea pigs and rabbits when formulated in aluminum adjuvant. Furthermore, bivalent VP4∗-based vaccine (P[8] + P[6]-VP4∗) can stimulate high levels of neutralizing antibodies against various genotypes of rotavirus with no significant difference as compared to the trivalent vaccines. Therefore, bivalent VP4∗ has the potential to be a viable rotavirus vaccine candidate for further development. Purified rotavirus VP4∗ proteins form homogenic and stable trimers VP4∗ stimulated high levels of homotypic and heterotypic neutralizing antibodies The immunogenicity of different genotype VP4∗ is not influenced by each other Bivalent VP4∗ (P[8]+P[6]) stimulated protective immunity against most prevalent rotaviruses
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Rotavirus Strain Trends in United States, 2009–2016: Results from the National Rotavirus Strain Surveillance System (NRSSS). Viruses 2022; 14:v14081775. [PMID: 36016397 PMCID: PMC9414880 DOI: 10.3390/v14081775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Before the introduction of vaccines, group A rotaviruses (RVA) were the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in children worldwide. The National Rotavirus Strain Surveillance System (NRSSS) was established in 1996 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to perform passive RVA surveillance in the USA. We report the distribution of RVA genotypes collected through NRSSS during the 2009–2016 RVA seasons and retrospectively examine the genotypes detected through the NRSSS since 1996. During the 2009–2016 RVA seasons, 2134 RVA-positive fecal specimens were sent to the CDC for analysis of the VP7 and VP4 genes by RT-PCR genotyping assays and sequencing. During 2009–2011, RVA genotype G3P[8] dominated, while G12P[8] was the dominant genotype during 2012–2016. Vaccine strains were detected in 1.7% of specimens and uncommon/unusual strains, including equine-like G3P[8] strains, were found in 1.9%. Phylogenetic analyses showed limited VP7 and VP4 sequence variation within the common genotypes with 1–3 alleles/lineages identified per genotype. A review of 20 years of NRSSS surveillance showed two changes in genotype dominance, from G1P[8] to G3P[8] and then G3P[8] to G12P[8]. A better understanding of the long-term effects of vaccine use on epidemiological and evolutionary dynamics of circulating RVA strains requires continued surveillance.
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Differentiation between Wild-Type Group A Rotaviruses and Vaccine Strains in Cases of Suspected Horizontal Transmission and Adverse Events Following Vaccination. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081670. [PMID: 36016292 PMCID: PMC9416126 DOI: 10.3390/v14081670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human group A rotaviruses (RVA) are important enteric pathogens, as they are a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children worldwide. Since 2013, the German Standing Committee on vaccination recommended the routine rotavirus vaccination for infants in Germany. While vaccination has significantly decreased RVA cases and worldwide mortality, in some cases, infants can develop acute gastroenteritis as an adverse reaction after immunization with an attenuated live vaccine. Pediatricians, as well as clinicians and diagnostic laboratories, contacted the Consultant Laboratory for Rotaviruses and inquired whether cases of RVA-positive AGE after vaccination were associated with vaccine or with wild-type RVA strains. A testing algorithm based on distinguishing PCRs and confirmative sequencing was designed, tested, and applied. Diagnostic samples from 68 vaccinated children and six cases where horizontal transmission was suspected were investigated in this study. Using a combination of real-time PCR, fragment-length analysis of amplicons from multiplex PCRs and confirmative sequencing, vaccine-like virus was detected in 46 samples and wild-type RVA was detected in 6 samples. Three mixed infections of vaccine and wild-type RVA were detectable, no RVA genome was found in 19 samples. High viral loads (>1.0 × 107 copies/g stool) were measured in most RVA-positive samples. Furthermore, information on co-infections with other AGE pathogens in the vaccinated study population was of interest. A commercial multiplex PCR and in-house PCRs revealed three co-infections of vaccinated infants with bacteria (two samples with Clostridioides difficile and one sample with enteropathogenic E. coli) and six co-infections with norovirus in a subset of the samples. Human astrovirus was detected in one sample, with suspected horizontal transmission. The cases of suspected horizontal transmission of vaccine RVA strains could not be confirmed, as they either involved wild-type RVA or were RVA negative. This study shows that RVA-positive AGE after vaccination is not necessarily associated with the vaccine strain and provides a reliable workflow to distinguish RVA vaccine strains from wild-type strains.
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El-Heneidy A, Cheung C, Lambert SB, Wang CYT, Whiley DM, Sly PD, Ware RS, Grimwood K. Histo-blood group antigens and rotavirus vaccine virus shedding in Australian infants. Pathology 2022; 54:928-934. [PMID: 35817636 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Rotavirus vaccine performance varies between high and low income countries. One possible explanation is inherited histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) the expression of which differs between populations. HBGAs are polymorphic glycans on mucosal surfaces. Their presence indicates the secretor phenotype, while their absence identifies a non-secretor status. HBGAs can act as rotavirus receptors and might influence live-attenuated rotavirus vaccine virus replication and shedding. Studies in low and middle income countries of the human rotavirus vaccine Rotarix (RV1), suggest HBGA secretor phenotype is important for vaccine immunogenicity. We investigated in a high income country the association between HBGA phenotype (secretor and Lewis) and the bovine-human reassortment vaccine RotaTeq (RV5) vaccine shedding in the stools of infants following each vaccine dose. Eighty-two infants from an Australian birth cohort provided saliva and weekly stool samples after RV5 vaccination doses. Lewis and secretor HBGA phenotyping was identified from saliva samples and confirmed by genotyping. Vaccine virus strains were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction assays. No significant association between secretor status and vaccine virus shedding was identified. The proportion of infants who shed rotavirus following the first RV5 dose for secretor and non-secretor infants was 57/64 (89%) and 17/18 (94%), respectively, decreasing to 24/64 (33%) and 9/18 (50%) after the second dose and 26/64 (42%) and 8/18 (44%) following the third vaccine dose, respectively. Similarly, no significant differences were observed in vaccine virus shedding by Lewis, or combined Lewis and secretor status, after each vaccine dose. We found HBGAs were not associated with RV5 vaccine virus shedding in Australian infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa El-Heneidy
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Qld, Australia.
| | - Catherine Cheung
- Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, South Brisbane, Qld, Australia; Child Heath Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Stephen B Lambert
- Child Heath Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Claire Y T Wang
- Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, South Brisbane, Qld, Australia; Child Heath Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - David M Whiley
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, and Pathology Queensland Central Laboratory, Herston, Qld, Australia
| | - Peter D Sly
- Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Robert S Ware
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Qld, Australia
| | - Keith Grimwood
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Qld, Australia; Departments of Paediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Gold Coast Health, Southport, Qld, Australia
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Whole genome sequence of an uncommon G9P[4] species A rotavirus containing DS-1-like (genotype 2) genes in Japan. Arch Virol 2022; 167:1603-1606. [PMID: 35568761 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05462-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Species A rotaviruses (RVAs) have been recognized as one of the leading causes of acute gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. Here, the complete coding sequences of 11 RNA segments of an uncommon G9P[4] RVA strain, which was detected in feces of a diarrheal child in Japan, were determined by next-generation sequencing technology. Its genomic constellation, VP7-VP4-VP6-VP1-VP2-VP3-NSP1-NSP2-NSP3-NSP4-NSP5, was determined as G9-P[4]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A2-N2-T2-E2-H2. This work reports the complete coding sequences of a G9P[4] RVA strain containing DS-1-like (genotype 2) genes that was isolated in Japan in 2013.
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Mwangi PN, Page NA, Seheri ML, Mphahlele MJ, Nadan S, Esona MD, Kumwenda B, Kamng'ona AW, Donato CM, Steele DA, Ndze VN, Dennis FE, Jere KC, Nyaga MM. Evolutionary changes between pre- and post-vaccine South African group A G2P[4] rotavirus strains, 2003-2017. Microb Genom 2022; 8. [PMID: 35446251 PMCID: PMC9453071 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The transient upsurge of G2P[4] group A rotavirus (RVA) after Rotarix vaccine introduction in several countries has been a matter of concern. To gain insight into the diversity and evolution of G2P[4] strains in South Africa pre- and post-RVA vaccination introduction, whole-genome sequencing was performed for RVA positive faecal specimens collected between 2003 and 2017 and samples previously sequenced were obtained from GenBank (n=103; 56 pre- and 47 post-vaccine). Pre-vaccine G2 sequences predominantly clustered within sub-lineage IVa-1. In contrast, post-vaccine G2 sequences clustered mainly within sub-lineage IVa-3, whereby a radical amino acid (AA) substitution, S15F, was observed between the two sub-lineages. Pre-vaccine P[4] sequences predominantly segregated within sub-lineage IVa while post-vaccine sequences clustered mostly within sub-lineage IVb, with a radical AA substitution R162G. Both S15F and R162G occurred outside recognised antigenic sites. The AA residue at position 15 is found within the signal sequence domain of Viral Protein 7 (VP7) involved in translocation of VP7 into endoplasmic reticulum during infection process. The 162 AA residue lies within the hemagglutination domain of Viral Protein 4 (VP4) engaged in interaction with sialic acid-containing structure during attachment to the target cell. Free energy change analysis on VP7 indicated accumulation of stable point mutations in both antigenic and non-antigenic regions. The segregation of South African G2P[4] strains into pre- and post-vaccination sub-lineages is likely due to erstwhile hypothesized stepwise lineage/sub-lineage evolution of G2P[4] strains rather than RVA vaccine introduction. Our findings reinforce the need for continuous whole-genome RVA surveillance and investigation of contribution of AA substitutions in understanding the dynamic G2P[4] epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter N Mwangi
- Next Generation Sequencing Unit and Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Nicola A Page
- Centre for Enteric Disease, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, 2131, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia, 0007, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mapaseka L Seheri
- Diarrheal Pathogens Research Unit, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Medunsa 0204, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - M Jeffrey Mphahlele
- Diarrheal Pathogens Research Unit, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Medunsa 0204, Pretoria, South Africa.,Office of the Deputy Vice Chancellor for Research and Innovation, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2351, South Africa.,South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Sandrama Nadan
- Centre for Enteric Disease, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, 2131, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mathew D Esona
- Diarrheal Pathogens Research Unit, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Medunsa 0204, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Benjamin Kumwenda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Applied Health Professions, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Private Bag 360, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi
| | - Arox W Kamng'ona
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Applied Health Professions, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Private Bag 360, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi
| | - Celeste M Donato
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Applied Health Professions, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Private Bag 360, Chichiri, Blantyre3, Malawi.,Enteric Diseases Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, Melboune 3052, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, the University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Duncan A Steele
- Diarrheal Pathogens Research Unit, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Medunsa 0204, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Valantine N Ndze
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, P.O Box 63 Buea, Cameroon
| | - Francis E Dennis
- Department of Electron Microscopy and Histopathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O Box LG581, Legon, Ghana
| | - Khuzwayo C Jere
- Center for Global Vaccine Research, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, L697BE, Liverpool, UK.,Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre 312225, Malawi
| | - Martin M Nyaga
- Next Generation Sequencing Unit and Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
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Latifi T, Eybpoosh S, Afchangi A, Jalilvand S, Shoja Z. Genetic characterization of P[8] rotavirus strains circulated in Iran between 2009 and 2017. J Med Virol 2022; 94:3561-3569. [PMID: 35393690 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Group A rotavirus (RVA) is the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) worldwide, which is responsible for causing an estimated 120,000 deaths in children under 5 years of age, which mostly occur in the lower income countries of Asia and Africa. The G1P[8] is a common genotype of RVA that has spread throughout the world, including Iran and this genotype is present in two commonly used RVA vaccines, RotarixTM and RotaTeqTM . In this study, we investigated the genetic diversity, viral evolutionary, and differences between antigenic epitopes of Iran's P[8] strains and two licensed vaccines. The phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis was carried out, using MEGA vs 6.0 and BEAST respectively. Antigenic epitopes of VP8* were compared to determine the differences between strains from Iran and RotarixTM and RotaTeqTM . The P[8]-lineages III and IV was found as the predominant P genotype that circulating in Iran. The TMRCA of P[8]-lineages III and IV was estimated at 1987 and 2009 respectively. The P[8]-lineage III strains showed 12 amino acid changes compared to RotarixTM and 10 amino acid changes compared to RotaTeqTM . The P[8]-lineage IV strains showed 10 amino acid variations for both RotarixTM and RotaTeqTM strains. The results revealed that the P[8] strains circulating in Iran differs from RotarixTM and RotaTeqTM strains. To monitor the long-term effects of vaccines on the emergence of P[8] strains with different lineages, routine and successful monitoring of these strains will be crucial. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Latifi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sana Eybpoosh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Afchangi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Jalilvand
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zabihollah Shoja
- Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Whole genome analysis of rotavirus strains circulating in Benin before vaccine introduction, 2016-2018. Virus Res 2022; 313:198715. [PMID: 35247484 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Species A Rotaviruses (RVA) still play a major role in causing acute diarrhea in children under five years old worldwide. Currently, an 11-gene classification system is used to designate the full genotypic constellations of circulating strains. Viral proteins and non-structural proteins in the order VP7-VP4-VP6-VP1-VP2-VP3-NSP1-NSP2-NSP3-NSP4-NSP5/6 are represented by the genotypes Gx-P[x]-Ix-Rx-Cx-Mx-Ax-Nx-Tx-Ex-Hx, respectively. In Benin, ROTAVAC® vaccine was introduced into the Expanded Programme on Immunization in December 2019. To monitor circulating RVA strains for changes that may affect vaccine performance, in-depth analysis of strains prior to vaccine introduction are needed. Here we report, the whole-gene characterization (11 ORFs) for 72 randomly selected RVA strains of common and unusual genotypes collected in Benin from the 2016-2018 seasons. The sequenced strains were 15 G1P[8], 20 G2P[4], 5 G9P[8], 14 G12P[8], 9 G3P[6], 2 G1P[6], 3 G2P[6], 2 G9P[4], 1 G12P[6], and 1 G1G9P[8]/P[4]. The study strains exhibited two genetic constellations designed as Wa-like G1/G9/G12-P[6]/P[8]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E1-H1 and DS-1-like G2/G3/G12-P[4]/P[6]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A2-N2-T2-E2-H2. Genotype G9P[4] strains possessed a DS-1-like genetic constellation with an E6 NSP4 gene, G9-P[4]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A2-N2-T2-E6-H2. The mixed genotype showed both Wa-like and DS-1-like profiles with a T6 NSP3 gene G1/G9P[8]/[4]-I1/I2-R1/R2-C1/C2-M1/M2-A1/A2-N1/N2-T1/T6-E1/E6-H1/H2. At the allelic level, the analysis of the Benin strains, reference strains (with known alleles), vaccine strains (with known alleles) identified 2-13 and 1-17 alleles for DS-1-like and Wa-like strains, respectively. Most of the study strains clustered into previously defined alleles, but we defined 3 new alleles for the VP7 (G3=1 new allele and G12=2 new alleles) and VP4 (P[4]=1 new allele and P[6]=2 new alleles) genes which formed the basis of the VP7 and VP4 gene clusters, respectively. For the remaining 9 genes, 0-6 new alleles were identified for both Wa-like and DS-1-like strains. This analysis of whole genome sequences of RVA strains circulating in Benin described genetic point mutations and reassortment events as well as novel alleles. Further detailed studies on these new alleles are needed and these data can also provide a baseline for studies on RVA in the post-vaccination period.
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Fujii Y, Hirayama M, Nishiyama S, Takahashi T, Okajima M, Izumi F, Takehara K, Masatani T, Sugiyama M, Ito N. Characterization of an avian rotavirus A strain isolated from a velvet scoter ( Melanitta fusca): implication for the role of migratory birds in global spread of avian rotaviruses. J Gen Virol 2022; 103. [PMID: 35175915 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian G18P[17] rotaviruses with similar complete genome constellation, including strains that showed pathogenicity in mammals, have been detected worldwide. However, it remains unclear how these strains spread geographically. In this study, to investigate the role of migratory birds in the dispersion of avian rotaviruses, we analysed whole genetic characters of the rotavirus strain RK1 that was isolated from a migratory species of birds [velvet scoter (Melanitta fusca)] in Japan in 1989. Genetic analyses revealed that the genotype constellation of the RK1 strain, G18-P[17]-I4-R4-C4-M4-A21-N4-T4-E4-H4, was highly consistent with those of other G18P[17] strains detected in various parts of the world, supporting the possibility that the G18P[17] strains spread via migratory birds that move over a wide area. Furthermore, the RK1 strain induced diarrhoea in suckling mice after oral gastric inoculation, indicating that at least some of the rotaviruses that originated from migratory birds are infectious to and pathogenic in mammals. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that migratory birds may contribute to the global spread of avian rotaviruses that are pathogenic in mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Fujii
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Mihoko Hirayama
- Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Shoko Nishiyama
- Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Takahashi
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Misuzu Okajima
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Fumiki Izumi
- Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Takehara
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Masatani
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Makoto Sugiyama
- Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Naoto Ito
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Gifu Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nanosciences and Life Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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Sadiq A, Bostan N, Aziz A. Effect of rotavirus genetic diversity on vaccine impact. Rev Med Virol 2022; 32:e2259. [PMID: 34997676 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Group A rotaviruses (RVAs) are the leading cause of gastroenteritis, causing 0.2 million deaths and several million hospitalisations globally each year. Four rotavirus vaccines (RotarixTM , RotaTeqTM , Rotavac® and ROTASIIL® ) have been pre-qualified by the World Health Organization (WHO), but the two newly pre-qualified vaccines (Rotavac® and ROTASIIL® ) are currently only in use in Palestine and India, respectively. In 2009, WHO strongly proposed that rotavirus vaccines be included in the routine vaccination schedule of all countries around the world. By the end of 2019, a total of 108 countries had administered rotavirus vaccines, and 10 countries have currently been approved by Gavi for the introduction of rotavirus vaccine in the near future. With 39% of global coverage, rotavirus vaccines have had a substantial effect on diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality in different geographical areas, although efficacy appears to be higher in high income settings. Due to the segmented RNA genome, the pattern of RVA genotypes in the human population is evolving through interspecies transmission and/or reassortment events for which the vaccine might be less effective in the future. However, despite the relative increase in some particular genotypes after rotavirus vaccine use, the overall efficacy of rotavirus mass vaccination worldwide has not been affected. Some of the challenges to improve the effect of current rotavirus vaccines can be solved in the future by new rotavirus vaccines and by vaccines currently in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Sadiq
- Department of Biosciences, Molecular Virology Laboratory, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nazish Bostan
- Department of Biosciences, Molecular Virology Laboratory, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Aziz
- Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Sarhad University, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Peña-Gil N, Santiso-Bellón C, Gozalbo-Rovira R, Buesa J, Monedero V, Rodríguez-Díaz J. The Role of Host Glycobiology and Gut Microbiota in Rotavirus and Norovirus Infection, an Update. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413473. [PMID: 34948268 PMCID: PMC8704558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus (RV) and norovirus (NoV) are the leading causes of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) worldwide. Several studies have demonstrated that histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) have a role in NoV and RV infections since their presence on the gut epithelial surfaces is essential for the susceptibility to many NoV and RV genotypes. Polymorphisms in genes that code for enzymes required for HBGAs synthesis lead to secretor or non-secretor and Lewis positive or Lewis negative individuals. While secretor individuals appear to be more susceptible to RV infections, regarding NoVs infections, there are too many discrepancies that prevent the ability to draw conclusions. A second factor that influences enteric viral infections is the gut microbiota of the host. In vitro and animal studies have determined that the gut microbiota limits, but in some cases enhances enteric viral infection. The ways that microbiota can enhance NoV or RV infection include virion stabilization and promotion of virus attachment to host cells, whereas experiments with microbiota-depleted and germ-free animals point to immunoregulation as the mechanism by which the microbiota restrict infection. Human trials with live, attenuated RV vaccines and analysis of the microbiota in responder and non-responder individuals also allowed the identification of bacterial taxa linked to vaccine efficacy. As more information is gained on the complex relationships that are established between the host (glycobiology and immune system), the gut microbiota and intestinal viruses, new avenues will open for the development of novel anti-NoV and anti-RV therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazaret Peña-Gil
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (N.P.-G.); (C.S.-B.); (R.G.-R.); (J.B.)
| | - Cristina Santiso-Bellón
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (N.P.-G.); (C.S.-B.); (R.G.-R.); (J.B.)
| | - Roberto Gozalbo-Rovira
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (N.P.-G.); (C.S.-B.); (R.G.-R.); (J.B.)
| | - Javier Buesa
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (N.P.-G.); (C.S.-B.); (R.G.-R.); (J.B.)
| | - Vicente Monedero
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), 46980 Paterna, Spain;
| | - Jesús Rodríguez-Díaz
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (N.P.-G.); (C.S.-B.); (R.G.-R.); (J.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-963-864-903; Fax: +34-963-864-960
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