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Patarca R, Haseltine WA. Potential Transcriptional Enhancers in Coronaviruses: From Infectious Bronchitis Virus to SARS-CoV-2. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8012. [PMID: 39125583 PMCID: PMC11311688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses constitute a global threat to human and animal health. It is essential to investigate the long-distance RNA-RNA interactions that approximate remote regulatory elements in strategies, including genome circularization, discontinuous transcription, and transcriptional enhancers, aimed at the rapid replication of their large genomes, pathogenicity, and immune evasion. Based on the primary sequences and modeled RNA-RNA interactions of two experimentally defined coronaviral enhancers, we detected via an in silico primary and secondary structural analysis potential enhancers in various coronaviruses, from the phylogenetically ancient avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) to the recently emerged SARS-CoV-2. These potential enhancers possess a core duplex-forming region that could transition between closed and open states, as molecular switches directed by viral or host factors. The duplex open state would pair with remote sequences in the viral genome and modulate the expression of downstream crucial genes involved in viral replication and host immune evasion. Consistently, variations in the predicted IBV enhancer region or its distant targets coincide with cases of viral attenuation, possibly driven by decreased open reading frame (ORF)3a immune evasion protein expression. If validated experimentally, the annotated enhancer sequences could inform structural prediction tools and antiviral interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Patarca
- ACCESS Health International, 384 West Lane, Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA;
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - William A. Haseltine
- ACCESS Health International, 384 West Lane, Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA;
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
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2
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Hou C, Ni R, Zhao L, Tian M, Long X, Lei C, Wang H, Yang X. Recombinant chimpanzee adenovirus expressing spike protein protects chickens against infectious bronchitis virus. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 255:128105. [PMID: 37981286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis (IB) is an acute and highly contagious disease caused by avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), resulting in significant economic losses in the global poultry industry. In this study, we utilized a replication-incompetent adenovirus vector derived from chimpanzees for the first time to express the S gene of IBV. The adenovirus was successfully rescued and demonstrated convenient production, good growth performance, and stability on HEK293 A cells. Morphologically, the recombinant adenovirus (named PAD-S) appeared normal under transmission electron microscopy, and efficient expression of the exogenous gene was confirmed through immunofluorescence analysis and immunoblotting. Administration of PAD-S via ocular and nasal routes induced a strong immune response in the chicken population, as evidenced by specific antibody and cytokine measurements. PAD-S was unable to replicate within chickens and showed low pre-existing immunity, demonstrating high safety and environmental friendliness. The robust immune response triggered by PAD-S immunization effectively suppressed viral replication in various tissues, alleviating clinical symptoms and tissue damage, thus providing complete protection against viral challenges in the chicken population. In conclusion, this study successfully developed an IBV candidate vaccine strain that possesses biosafety, high protective efficacy, and ease of production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyao Hou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiqi Ni
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyue Tian
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuelin Long
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Changwei Lei
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Li H, Liu G, Zhou Q, Yang H, Zhou C, Kong W, Su J, Li G, Si H, Ou C. Which strain of the avian coronavirus vaccine will become the prevalent one in China next? Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1139089. [PMID: 37215473 PMCID: PMC10196085 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1139089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a vital pathogen in poultry farms, which can induce respiratory, nephropathogenic, oviduct, proventriculus, and intestinal diseases. Based on the phylogenetic classification of the full-length S1 gene, IBV isolates have been categorized into nine genotypes comprising 38 lineages. GI (GI-1, GI-2, GI-3, GI-4, GI-5, GI-6, GI-7, GI-13, GI-16, GI-18, GI-19, GI-22, GI-28, and GI-29), GVI-1 and GVII-1 have been reported in China in the past 60 years. In this review, a brief history of IBV in China is described, and the current epidemic strains and licensed IBV vaccine strains, as well as IBV prevention and control strategies, are highlighted. In addition, this article presents unique viewpoints and recommendations for a more effective management of IBV. The recombinant Newcastle Disease virus (NDV) vector vaccine expressed S gene of IBV QX-like and 4/91 strains may be the dominant vaccine strains against NDV and IBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhu Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Gengsong Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Qiaoyan Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Hongchun Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Congcong Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Weili Kong
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jieyu Su
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, China
| | - Gonghe Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, China
| | - Hongbin Si
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, China
| | - Changbo Ou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, China
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Li S, Fan S, Li N, Shen Y, Xiang X, Chen W, Xia J, Han X, Cui M, Huang Y. The N1038S Substitution and 1153EQTRPKKSV 1162 Deletion of the S2 Subunit of QX-Type Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus Can Synergistically Enhance Viral Proliferation. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:829218. [PMID: 35432239 PMCID: PMC9006875 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.829218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The S2 subunit of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) plays a critical role in the process of IBV infection. A comparison between the S2 subunit sequence of chicken embryo kidney cell (CEK) adapted virulent QX-like IBV strain SczyC30 (hereafter referred to as zy30) and its CEK-attenuated strain, SczyC100, revealed an N1038S substitution in S2 subunit and a 1154EQTRPKKSV1162 residue deletion in the C-terminus of the S2 subunit. In order to explore whether these two mutations are related to changes in the biological characteristics of IBV, we firstly constructed an infectious clone of zy30 using a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC), which combines the transcription of infectious IBV genomic RNA in non-susceptible BHK-21 cells with the amplification of rescued virus rzy30 in CEK cells. Then, three recombinant viruses, including an rzy30S2-N1038S strain that contained the N1038S substitution, an rzy30S2-CT9△ strain that contained the 1154EQTRPKKSV1162 deletion, and an rzy30S2-N1038S-CT9△ strain that contained both mutations, were constructed using rescued virus rzy30 as the backbone. The results showed that each mutation did not significantly affect the replication titer in CEK cells but reduced pathogenicity in chickens, while in combination, the N1038S substitution and 1154EQTRPKKSV1162 deletion improved the proliferation efficiency in CEK cells and reduced pathogenicity, compared to rzy30 strain. The contribution made by the 1154EQTRPKKSV1162 deletion in reducing pathogenicity was higher than that of N1038S substitution. Our results revealed that the N1038S substitution and 1154EQTRPKKSV1162 deletion in S2 subunit were deeply involved in the replication efficiency of IBV and contributed to reduction of viral pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shunyi Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nianning Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxi Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuelian Xiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinfeng Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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5
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M Najimudeen S, Barboza-Solis C, Ali A, Buharideen SM, M Isham I, Hassan MSH, Ojkic D, Van Marle G, Cork SC, van der Meer F, Boulianne M, Abdul-Careem MF. Pathogenesis and host responses in lungs and kidneys following Canadian 4/91 infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) infection in chickens. Virology 2021; 566:75-88. [PMID: 34890893 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) 4/91 was one of the common IBV variants isolated in Eastern Canada between 2013 and 2017 from chicken flocks showing severe respiratory and production problems. We designed an in vivo experiment, using specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens, to study the pathogenesis of, and host response to, Canadian (CAN) 4/91 IBV infection. At one week of age, the chickens were infected with 4/91 IBV/Ck/Can/17-038913 isolate. Swab samples were collected at predetermined time points. Five birds from the infected and the control groups were euthanized at 3, 7- and 10-days post-infection (dpi) to collect lung and kidney tissues. The results indicate IBV replication in these tissues at all three time points with prominent histological lesions, significant immune cell recruitment and up regulation of proinflammatory mediators. Overall, our findings add to the understanding of the pathogenesis of 4/91 infection and the subsequent host responses in the lungs and kidneys following experimental infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnas M Najimudeen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Catalina Barboza-Solis
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Ahmed Ali
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Pathology, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, 62521, Egypt
| | - Sabrina M Buharideen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Ishara M Isham
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Mohamed S H Hassan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Davor Ojkic
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Guido Van Marle
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Susan C Cork
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Frank van der Meer
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Martine Boulianne
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mohamed Faizal Abdul-Careem
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
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6
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Zhang X, Guo M, Zhao J, Wu Y. Avian Infectious Bronchitis in China: Epidemiology, Vaccination, and Control. Avian Dis 2021; 65:652-656. [DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-21-00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengjiao Guo
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia Zhao
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yantao Wu
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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7
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Marandino A, Pérez R. Genetic and Antigenic Diversity of Infectious Bronchitis Virus in South America. Avian Dis 2021; 65:624-630. [DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-21-00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Marandino
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ruben Pérez
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
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8
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Li S, Chen W, Shen Y, Xia J, Fan S, Li N, Luo Y, Han X, Cui M, Zhao Y, Huang Y. Molecular characterization of infectious bronchitis virus in Southwestern China for the protective efficacy evaluation of four live vaccine strains. Vaccine 2021; 40:255-265. [PMID: 34865877 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The high mutation rate of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) poses a significant threat to the protective efficacy of vaccines. This study aimed at analyzing the S1 genes of IBV field strains isolated in Southwestern China from 2018 to 2020, assessing the pathogenicity of four dominating strains, and evaluating the protective efficacy of four commercial vaccine strains against the endemic representative strains. Thirty-two field strains of IBV were isolated in Southwestern China from 2018 to 2020. Phylogenetic analysis of their S1 genes revealed the nucleotide homology ranged from 64.6% to 100%, and belonged to five genotypes [GI-19 (QX, 53.13%), GI-28 (LDT3-A,15.63%), GI-7 (TW, 12.50%), GI-1 (Mass, 6.23%), GVI-1 (TC07-2, 6.25%)], and two variant groups [variant-3 (3.13%) and variant-5 (3.13%)]. Recombination events between field and vaccine strains or between field strains were identified in the S1 genes of eight IBV field strains. The CK/CH/YNKM/191128 and CK/CH/CQBS/191203 strains of GI-19 showed morbidity rates of 66.7% and 73.7%, respectively, and mortality rates of 13.3% and 33.3%, respectively. Besides, the CK/CH/SCYC/191030 and CK/CH/GZGY/191021 strains of GI-28 caused morbidity rates of 60% and 86.7%, respectively, and mortality rates of 33.3%. The protective efficacy of the four commercial live vaccine strains (4/91, FNO-E55, LDT3-A, and QXL87) ranged from 70% - 100% and reduced tissue lesions against CK/CH/GZGY/191021 and CK/CH/CQBS/191203 strains. LDT3-A strain was the most effective one but still could not completely prohibit IBV shedding. These findings provide a reference for IBV molecular evolution analysis and control of IB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Wen Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yuxi Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Jing Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Shunyi Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Nianning Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yuwen Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xinfeng Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Min Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Sichuan Dekon Food and Agriculture Group Co., Ltd, 32 First Section of Lingang Road, Shuangliu District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610225, China
| | - Yong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
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Tomar P, Joshi VG, Mahajan NK, Jindal N. Multiple antigenic peptide-based flow through dot-blot assay for simultaneous antibody detection of infectious bronchitis virus and Newcastle disease virus. Biologicals 2021; 73:24-30. [PMID: 34389244 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study describes the development of a novel affordable and rapid visual dot-blot assay using synthetic multiple antigenic peptides (MAP) for simultaneous detection of antibodies to infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Antibody detection efficiencies of MAP peptides namely, NP1 MAP (Nucleoprotein IBV) and HN MAP (Haemagglutinin-neuraminidase NDV) were studied in solid-phase indirect peptide ELISA. In comparison with the commercial kit, the NP1 MAP showed 89.20% diagnostic sensitivity (DSn) and 85.90% diagnostic specificity (DSp) at 19.45% ROC cut-off. Similarly, HN MAP was evaluated and showed 89.70% DSn and 92.90% DSp at 19.90 % ROC cut-off. The peptides after evaluating their ELISA performance were further used to device a flow-through dot-blot assay (FT-DBA) for simultaneous detection of IBV and NDV antibodies. The kappa value for IBV by FT-DBA in comparison to commercial ELISA was 0.64 whereas for NDV, FT-DBA gave a kappa value of 0.68 in comparison to commercial ELISA indicating substantial agreement between the assays. In essence, the divergent MAP based diagnostic design could provide an alternative for antibody detection of IBV and NDV. Further, the FT-DBA approach could be used for low cost, rapid and pen-side detection of IBV and NDV antibodies simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Tomar
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Vinay G Joshi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - N K Mahajan
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Naresh Jindal
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India.
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10
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Molecular Characterization of 4/91 Infectious Bronchitis Virus Leading to Studies of Pathogenesis and Host Responses in Laying Hens. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10050624. [PMID: 34069486 PMCID: PMC8161358 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10050624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) initially establishes the infection in the respiratory tract and then spreads to other tissues depending on its virulence. During 2011–2018, the 4/91 IBV strain was isolated from poultry flocks affected by decreased egg production and quality in Eastern Canada. One of the Canadian 4/91 IBV isolates, IBV/Ck/Can/17-038913, was propagated in embryonated chicken eggs and molecularly characterized using whole genome sequencing. An in vivo study in laying hens was conducted to observe if IBV/Ck/Can/17-038913 isolate affects the egg production and quality. Hens were infected with IBV/Ck/Can/17-038913 isolate during the peak of egg lay, using a standard dose and routes maintaining uninfected controls. Oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs were collected at predetermined time points for the quantification of IBV genome loads. At 6 and 10 days post-infection, hens were euthanized to observe the lesions in various organs and collect blood and tissue samples for the quantification of antibody response and IBV genome loads, respectively. Egg production was not impacted during the first 10 days following infection. No gross lesions were observed in the tissues of the infected birds. The IBV genome was quantified in swabs, trachea, lung, proventriculus, cecal tonsils, kidney, and reproductive tissues. The serum antibody response against IBV was quantified in infected hens. In addition, histological changes, and recruitment of immune cells, such as macrophages and T cell subsets in kidney tissues, were measured. Overall, data show that IBV/Ck/Can/17-038913 isolate is not associated with egg production issues in laying hens infected at the peak of lay, while it demonstrates various tissue tropism, including kidney, where histopathological lesions and immune cell recruitments were evident.
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11
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Bagherpour Sorkhabi S, Shayegh J, Hosseini H, Ghalyanchilangeroudi A. Effects of a combination of Mass and Dutch variant as an inactivated vaccine against variant 2 avian infectious bronchitis virus challenge. Microb Pathog 2021; 156:104937. [PMID: 33964420 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of inactivated vaccines combining Mass and Dutch variants as vaccine boosters after H120 priming on inhibiting variant 2 viral load in the kidneys (as the target organ) and reducing fecal shedding. Ciliostasis score and antibody response were investigated as well. A total of 150 specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicken were divided into six groups. All groups were vaccinated with a single dose of attenuated H120 vaccine except for two (no vaccine groups). Then, three groups received booster vaccines with inactivated polyvalent vaccines. At the 42 day of age, all groups were challenged with variant 2 viruses except for one (no vaccine group). Next, antibody response and infectious bronchitis virus viral load in kidneys and fecal shedding were evaluated by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Then the ciliostasis score was investigated. In general, a vaccination program including a mass serotype attenuated vaccine (H120) as priming and polyvalent vaccines can significantly protect chickens against variant 2 infection through reducing viral load in kidneys and fecal shedding. Furthermore, the vaccination program can decrease ciliostasis in the epithelial ciliary tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jalal Shayegh
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran.
| | - Hossein Hosseini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Arash Ghalyanchilangeroudi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Zhang Y, Yuan Y, Zhang LH, Zhu D, Wang L, Wei LP, Fan WS, Zhao CR, Su YJ, Liao JQ, Yong L, Wei TC, Wei P, Mo ML. Construction and Immunogenicity Comparison of Three Virus-Like Particles Carrying Different Combinations of Structural Proteins of Avian Coronavirus Infectious Bronchitis Virus. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9020146. [PMID: 33670249 PMCID: PMC7918244 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) poses massive economic losses in the global poultry industry. Here, we firstly report the construction and immunogenicity comparison of virus-like particles (VLPs) carrying the S, M and E proteins (SME-VLPs); VLPs carrying the S and M proteins (SM-VLPs); and VLPs carrying the M and E proteins (ME-VLPs) from the dominant serotype representative strain GX-YL5 in China. The neutralizing antibody response induced by the SME-VLPs was similar to that induced by the inactivated oil vaccine (OEV) of GX-YL5, and higher than those induced by the SM-VLPs, ME-VLPs and commercial live vaccine H120. More importantly, the SME-VLPs elicited higher percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes than the SM-VLPs, ME-VLPs and OEV of GX-YL5. Compared with the OEV of GX-YL5, higher levels of IL-4 and IFN-γ were also induced by the SME-VLPs. Moreover, the mucosal immune response (sIgA) induced by the SME-VLPs in the tear and oral swabs was comparable to that induced by the H120 vaccine and higher than that induced by the OEV of GX-YL5. In the challenge experiment, the SME-VLPs resulted in significantly lower viral RNA levels in the trachea and higher protection scores than the OEV of GX-YL5 and H120 vaccines, and induced comparable viral RNA levels in the kidneys, and tear and oral swabs to the OEV of GX-YL5. In summary, among the three VLPs, the SME-VLPs carrying the S, M and E proteins of IBV could stimulate the strongest humoral, cellular and mucosal immune responses and provide effective protection, indicating that it would be an attractive vaccine candidate for IB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ping Wei
- Correspondence: (P.W.); (M.-L.M.); Tel.: +86-771-323-5638 (P.W.); +86-771-323-5635 (M.-L.M.)
| | - Mei-Lan Mo
- Correspondence: (P.W.); (M.-L.M.); Tel.: +86-771-323-5638 (P.W.); +86-771-323-5635 (M.-L.M.)
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13
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Choudhary J, Dheeman S, Sharma V, Katiyar P, Karn SK, Sarangi MK, Chauhan AK, Verma G, Baliyan N. Insights of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic: a current review. Biol Proced Online 2021; 23:5. [PMID: 33526007 PMCID: PMC7849622 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-020-00141-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, a pandemic of the 21st century caused by novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 was originated from China and shallowed world economy and human resource. The medical cures via herbal treatments, antiviral drugs, and vaccines still in progress, and studying rigorously. SARS-CoV-2 is more virulent than its ancestors due to evolution in the spike protein(s), mediates viral attachment to the host's membranes. The SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding spike domain associates itself with human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptors. It causes respiratory ailments with irregularities in the hepatic, nervous, and gastrointestinal systems, as reported in humans suffering from COVID-19 and reviewed in the present article. There are several approaches, have been put forward by many countries under the world health organization (WHO) recommendations and some trial drugs were introduced for possible treatment of COVID-19, such as Lopinavir or Ritonavir, Arbidol, Chloroquine (CQ), Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and most important Remdesivir including other like Tocilizumab, Oritavancin, Chlorpromazine, Azithromycin, Baricitinib, etc. RT-PCR is the only and early detection test available besides the rapid test kit (serodiagnosis) used by a few countries due to unreasonable causes. Development of vaccine by several leader of pharmaceutical groups still under trial or waiting for approval for mass inoculation. Management strategies have been evolved by the recommendations of WHO, specifically important to control COVID-19 situations, in the pandemic era. This review will provide a comprehensive collection of studies to support future research and enhancement in our wisdom to combat COVID-19 pandemic and to serve humanity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Choudhary
- Department of Microbiology, Chinmaya Degree College (Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Srinagar, Garhwal, Uttarakhand), Haridwar, Uttarakhand 249401 India
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri Deemed to be University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand 249404 India
| | - Shrivardhan Dheeman
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248161 India
| | - Vipin Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceuticals Sciences, Faculty of Ayurvedic and Medicinal Sciences, Gurukula Kangri Deemed to be University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand 249404 India
| | - Prashant Katiyar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri Deemed to be University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand 249404 India
| | - Santosh Kumar Karn
- Deaprtment of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248161 India
| | - Manoj Kumar Sarangi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248161 India
| | - Ankit Kumar Chauhan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri Deemed to be University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand 249404 India
- Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, 110001 India
| | - Gaurav Verma
- Deaprtment of Microbiology, Shri Dev Suman Subharti Medical College, Ras Bihari Bose Subharti University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248001 India
| | - Nitin Baliyan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri Deemed to be University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand 249404 India
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14
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Huang M, Liu Y, Zou C, Tan Y, Han Z, Xue C, Cao Y. A highly pathogenic recombinant infectious bronchitis virus with adaptability in cultured cells. Virus Res 2020; 292:198229. [PMID: 33207263 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) of GI-19 (QX), GI-7 (TW), GI-13 (4/91) and GI-1 (Mass) lineages have been frequently detected in China in recent years. Here, An IBV strain, referred as GD17/04, was isolated from the dead yellow feather chicken vaccinated with H52 and 4/91 vaccines, whose genome sequence was obtained through high-throughput sequencing. Then it has been confirmed by the RDP and SimPlot analysis that GD17/04 is a recombinant strain deriving from YX10, 4/91, TW 2575/98 and H52 strains. Therein S1 gene of GD17/04 consists of sequences of TW2575/98 and 4/91, the former for the region of 20,371 to 21,072 nt and 21,847 to 21,975 nt, the latter for the sandwiched region of 21,073 to 21,846 nt. Moreover, as a nephropathogenic variant which caused high morbidity of 100 % and mortality of 60 %, unlike most other IBV strains, GD17/04 can cause obvious cell lesion in primary CEK cell, and even in DF-1 cells, without the process of continuous passage. As the few IBV strain can infect avian passage cell line, GD17/04 provides a material basis for further study of the interaction mechanism between IBV and avian host. Collectively, the findings highlight the significance that biological characteristics of novel strain should be studied, in addition to constant epidemiologic and molecular surveillance for IBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chuangchao Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yazhuo Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhenling Han
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chunyi Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yongchang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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15
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Live Attenuated Infectious Bronchitis Virus Vaccines in Poultry: Modifying Local Viral Populations Dynamics. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10112058. [PMID: 33171704 PMCID: PMC7694962 DOI: 10.3390/ani10112058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Infectious bronchitis (IB) is one of the more prevalent diseases in poultry, and it is caused by a virus belonging to the Coronaviridae family, the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a Gammacoronavirus which is related to the Betacoronavirus SARSCov-2 causing COVID-19 in humans. IB is mainly controlled by biosecurity and vaccines, although, it is a very challenging issue because the viral populations are constantly evolving by several factors. One of these factors is the same vaccines used for IB control, this could explain by recombination, reversion to virulence, or by favoring virus serotype selection. Thus, a human role in the change of viral populations can be identified by the IBV vaccine usage, this must be considered to achieve effective IB control. Abstract Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) remains one of the most important diseases impacting poultry today. Its high adaptive capacity, attributable to the high mutation rate associated with its ssRNA(+), is one of its more important features. While biosecurity procedures and barriers have been shown to be preponderant factors in minimizing the impact of infectious bronchitis (IB), the environment and procedures associated with intensive poultry systems greatly influence the viral population dynamics. High-density poultry flocks facilitate recombination between different viruses, and even with live attenuated vaccines, which can change the dominant circulating field strains. Furthermore, the remaining issue of reversion to virulence gives rise to significant problems when vaccinal strains are introduced in places where their pathogenic variants have not been reported. Under specific conditions, live attenuated vaccines could also change the frequency of circulating viruses and enable replacement between different field strains. In summary, under a comprehensive approach, while vaccination is one of the most essential tools for controlling IB, the veterinarians, farmers, and official services role in its usage is central to minimizing alteration in a malleable viral population. Otherwise, vaccination is ultimately counterproductive.
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16
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Emergence of Avian coronavirus genotype GI-11 in Colombia. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 52:455-459. [PMID: 33104974 PMCID: PMC7586380 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00394-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian coronavirus (AvCoV/IBV) is a virus with high morbidity, which can cause respiratory, digestive, renal, and reproductive diseases in chickens. Molecular detection and sequencing are the main tool for identification and classification of AvCoV. Thirty-six samples were collected in three broiler farms from different regions in Colombia, due to mortality increase; ten samples were positive using RT-qPCR targeted to the 5′ UTR of AvCoV, and one sample was positive and had its partial S gene sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that this strain belongs to the GI-11 lineage, similar to the Brazilian cluster. Several lineages have already been described in Colombia but, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that GI-11 has been detected in this country, which suggests that this subtype may be more widespread in South America than previously thought.
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17
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A novel low virulent respiratory infectious bronchitis virus originating from the recombination of QX, TW and 4/91 genotype strains in China. Vet Microbiol 2020; 242:108579. [PMID: 32122588 PMCID: PMC7111478 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In China, variants of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) evolve continually and diverse recombinant strains have been reported. Here, an IBV strain, designated as ck/CH/LJX/2017/07 (referred as JX17) was isolated from chicken vaccinated with H120 and 4/91 in Jiangxi, China, in 2017. Sequence analysis reveals of the S1 gene of JX17 the highest nucleotide identity of 98.15% with that of GI-7 genotype TW2575/98 strain. Furthermore, whole genome analysis among JX17 and other 18 IBV strains demonstrates that JX17 has the highest nucleotide identity of 95.94% with GI-19 genotype YX10 strain. Among all genes of JX17 except the S1 gene, the N gene and 3' UTR have the highest identity to GI-13 genotype 4/91 strain and the rest genes are the most identical to GI-19 genotype YX10 strain. Analyzed by the RDP and SimPlot, the recombination of JX17 strain was shown to occur in regions which include 5'-terminal S1 gene (20,344 to 22,447 nt), most N gene and 3' UTR (26,163 to 27,648 nt). The pathogenicity study shows that JX17 is a natural low virulent IBV variant which caused respiratory symptoms but no death. Taken together, these results indicate that IBV strains continue to evolve through genetic recombination and three prevalent genotypes in China including QX, TW and 4/91 have started to recombine.
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18
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Hassan MSH, Ojkic D, Coffin CS, Cork SC, van der Meer F, Abdul-Careem MF. Delmarva (DMV/1639) Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) Variants Isolated in Eastern Canada Show Evidence of Recombination. Viruses 2019; 11:v11111054. [PMID: 31766215 PMCID: PMC6893544 DOI: 10.3390/v11111054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) infection in chickens can lead to an economically important disease, namely, infectious bronchitis (IB). New IBV variants are continuously emerging, which complicates vaccination-based IB control. In this study, five IBVs were isolated from clinical samples submitted to a diagnostic laboratory in Ontario, Canada, and subjected to detailed molecular characterization. Analysis of the spike (S)1 gene showed that these five IBVs were highly related to the Delmarva (DMV/1639) strain (~97.0% nucleotide sequence similarity) that was firstly isolated from an IB outbreak in the Delmarva peninsula, United States of America (USA), in 2011. However, the complete genomic sequence analysis showed a 93.5–93.7% similarity with the Connecticut (Conn) vaccine strain, suggesting that Conn-like viruses contributed to the evolution of the five Canadian IBV/DMV isolates. A SimPlot analysis of the complete genomic sequence showed evidence of recombination for at least three different IBV strains, including a Conn vaccine-like strain, a 4/91 vaccine-like strain, and one strain that is yet-unidentified. The unidentified strain may have contributed the genomic regions of the S, 3, and membrane (M) genes of the five Canadian IBV/DMV isolates. The study outcomes add to the existing knowledge about involvement of recombination in IBV evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S. H. Hassan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (M.S.H.H.); (S.C.C.); (F.v.d.M.)
| | - Davor Ojkic
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Carla S. Coffin
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
| | - Susan C. Cork
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (M.S.H.H.); (S.C.C.); (F.v.d.M.)
| | - Frank van der Meer
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (M.S.H.H.); (S.C.C.); (F.v.d.M.)
| | - Mohamed Faizal Abdul-Careem
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (M.S.H.H.); (S.C.C.); (F.v.d.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +403-220-4462; Fax: +403-210-9740
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19
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Guzmán M, Sáenz L, Hidalgo H. Molecular and Antigenic Characterization of GI-13 and GI-16 Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus Isolated in Chile from 2009 to 2017 Regarding 4/91 Vaccine Introduction. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9090656. [PMID: 31491868 PMCID: PMC6770500 DOI: 10.3390/ani9090656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The high adaptation and recombination abilities of infectious bronchitis virus (IB) have been proven. This study aims to verify the genetic and antigenic variation of eight field IB strains regarding the 4/91 strain vaccination in Chilean chickens. Phylogenetic, serologic and challenge studies were carried out to accomplish this goal. The genetic analyses indicate that all the viruses isolated prior to the 4/91 introduction belong to the genetic group GI-16 (three isolates from 2009). On the other hand, just one of the viruses isolated after the 4/91 strain vaccine introduction in Chile (in 2015) showed relationship with GI-16 lineage. The remaining four viruses (from 2017) belong to GI-13, the group where the strain 4/91 has been previously classified. Three viruses were chosen to perform antigenic and protective studies. Antigenically, the high relationship between the 4/91 vaccine with the isolate from 2017 is remarkable and could not be observed with isolates from 2009 and 2015. The 4/91 vaccine also showed better protection against the isolate from 2017 than isolates from 2009 and 2015. These results suggest that the introduction of the 4/91 vaccine in Chile could imply a change in some viruses, showing its ability to interact with field viruses, so it is important to monitor the circulating viruses and include these results in future governmental decisions. Abstract The introduction of the 4/91 vaccine against infectious bronchitis in Chile, a lineage not described until that time in the country, led to looking for changes induced by this action. This study considers eight isolates obtained from 2009, 2015 and 2017 and uses a maximum likelihood approach to classify the field isolates. Three isolates were selected to analyze antigenic relationships through a virus neutralization test and to perform protection tests measured trough an RT-qPCR. The isolates from 2009 and 2015 showed a relationship with GI-16 while those from 2017 were related to GI-13. Though the field isolates were classified in two different phylogenetic lineages, all of them showed only minor variations in subtype. The 13885R-17 isolate from 2017 exhibited high antigenic relatedness to the 4/91 vaccine. As expected, 4/91 and Massachusetts vaccines were not antigenically related. Vaccinated birds with the 4/91 vaccine showed less tracheal virus replication for the 13885R-17 from 2017 challenge than for the 12101SP-09 from 2009 and 13347SP-15 from 2015 isolates. The results indicated genetic and antigenic diversity in the most recent infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) isolates in Chile. Moreover, the 4/91 vaccine would be involved in the generation of some current field viruses, which must be considered in vaccination programs and public policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Guzmán
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Silvoagropecuarias y Veterinarias, Campus Sur Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11315, La Pintana, Santiago 8820808, Chile.
- Department of Animal Pathology, Laboratory of Avian Pathology, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile.
| | - Leonardo Sáenz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile.
| | - Héctor Hidalgo
- Department of Animal Pathology, Laboratory of Avian Pathology, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile.
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20
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Construction and Immunogenicity of Novel Chimeric Virus-Like Particles Bearing Antigens of Infectious Bronchitis Virus and Newcastle Disease Virus. Viruses 2019; 11:v11030254. [PMID: 30871190 PMCID: PMC6465995 DOI: 10.3390/v11030254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) are two poultry pathogens seriously affecting the poultry industry. Here, IBV S1 and the ectodomain of NDV F proteins were separately linked with the trans-membrane and carboxy-terminal domain of IBV S protein (STMCT), composing rS and rF; thus, a novel chimeric infectious bronchitis-Newcastle disease (IB-ND) virus-like particles (VLPs) vaccine containing the rS, rF, and IBV M protein was constructed. Under the transmission electron microscope (TEM), VLPs possessing similar morphology to natural IBV were observed. To evaluate the immunogenicity of chimeric IB-ND VLPs, specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens were immunized with three increasing doses (50, 75, and 100 μg protein of VLPs). Results of ELISAs detecting IBV and NDV specific antibodies and IL-4 and IFN-γ T cell cytokines indicated that vaccination with chimeric IB-ND VLPs could efficiently induce humoral and cellular immune responses. In the challenge study, chimeric IB-ND VLPs (100 μg protein) provided 100% protection against IBV or NDV virulent challenge from death, and viral RNA levels in tissues and swabs were greatly reduced. Collectively, chimeric IB-ND VLPs are highly immunogenic and could provide complete protection from an IBV or NDV virulent challenge. Chimeric IB-ND VLPs are an appealing vaccine candidate and a promising vaccine platform bearing multivalent antigens.
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21
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Wibowo MH, Ginting TE, Asmara W. Molecular characterization of pathogenic 4/91-like and QX-like infectious bronchitis virus infecting commercial poultry farms in Indonesia. Vet World 2019; 12:277-287. [PMID: 31040571 PMCID: PMC6460877 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.277-287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Existing data on the characteristics of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) gathered throughout Indonesia have been recognized to indicate variants similar to globally distributed vaccine strains. Despite past and current intensive vaccination programs, IBV infections in the country's poultry industry have not been effectively controlled. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the genotype of several isolates based on partial S1 gene sequences. In particular, the investigation is directed to focus on layer chickens in actively vaccinated farms indicating IBV symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples were isolated from ten different layer chicken flocks experiencing respiratory problem, drops in egg production, and a "penguin-like" stance, which were collected from commercial poultry farms in Central Java and Yogyakarta regions, Indonesia, within the periods of 2012-2018. Fragment of the S1 gene of IBV sampled from actively vaccinated commercial poultry farms was amplified using primer 5'-aca tgg taa ttt ttc aga tgg-3' (forward) and 5'-cag att gct tac aac cac c-3' (reverse) with the length of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product at 383 bp. The sequence of samples was then compared with the sequence of reference S1 gene nucleotides of IBV from NCBI GenBank database. The amino acid analysis and multiple alignment sequence were conducted using Mega X. RESULTS During necropsy, enlargement of the oviduct and swollen kidney were observed. Reverse transcription-PCR diagnosis of their 383 bp S1 gene showed that all samples were IBV positive. Phylogenetic analysis of the S1 gene discovered seven samples to be clustered as 4/91-like strains. Meanwhile, the remaining three samples were grouped in QX-like strain cluster. CONCLUSION This study is a pioneering report providing molecular evidence of pathogenic QX-like and 4/91-like strains circulating in Indonesia. Findings discovered, in this study, strongly suggested the importance of improving protections by available IBV vaccines through updated circulating strain clusters. It is critical to ensure the delivery of an effective control measurement of and vaccination protocols against IBV infections in the country's commercial poultry industry in particular and worldwide in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H. Wibowo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (FKH), Gadjah Mada University (UGM), Jl. Fauna No. 2, Karangmalang, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Teridah E. Ginting
- Division of Immunology, Mochtar Riady Institute for Nanotechnology and Medical Science Group, University of Pelita Harapan. Jl. Boulevard Jend. Sudirman 1688, Lippo Karawaci, Tangerang, Banten 15811, Indonesia
| | - Widya Asmara
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (FKH), Gadjah Mada University (UGM), Jl. Fauna No. 2, Karangmalang, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
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22
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Xu L, Ren M, Sheng J, Ma T, Han Z, Zhao Y, Sun J, Liu S. Genetic and biological characteristics of four novel recombinant avian infectious bronchitis viruses isolated in China. Virus Res 2019; 263:87-97. [PMID: 30641197 PMCID: PMC7185608 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Two IBV strains were proved to be originated from multiple recombination events. Viruses with very similar S1 gene sequences showed varying biological features. Point mutations were observed in the RBD and HVRs of the recombinant viruses. Point mutations likely have an effect on these differences in biological characteristics.
Infectious bronchitis viruses (IBVs) of GI-13 (793/B) and GI-19 (QX/LX4) lineages have been frequently detected in China in recent years. Naturally recombinant IBVs originating from the GI-13 and GI-19 lineages have also been isolated from chicken flocks with respiratory and renal problems in China. Thorough genetic and biological investigations of these recombinant viruses have led to speculation regarding their origin, evolution, and control. In order to confirm the previous results and further extend our understanding about the characteristics of the four recombinant IBV strains we had previously identified (I0718/17, I0722/17, I0724/17, and I0737/17), we conducted phylogenetic analysis by comparing their complete S1 gene sequences with those of 71 reference strains of different genotypes and lineages. We identified a close relationship between the S1 sequences of the four strains and those of GI-13 strains. The results of complete genome sequence analysis confirmed the previously identified recombination events in the four IBV strains and revealed additional recombination events in different genomic regions of strains I0718/17 and I0724/17, suggesting that the two strains originated from multiple recombination events between 4/91-like and YX10-like viruses. We comparatively evaluated the antigenicity, pathogenicity, and affinity of the four recombinant viruses and their deduced parental strains in the trachea and kidneys. Some of the strains showed comparable antigenic relatedness, pathogenicity, and affinity for the trachea and kidneys among each other and with their parental viruses; however, some of them showed varying biological characteristics. Point mutations observed in the receptor-binding domain and hypervariable region of the S1 subunit of the spike protein likely have an effect on these differences in biological characteristics, although the influence of other factors—such as host innate-immune responses and changes in genomic regions beyond the S1 protein—might also be responsible for such changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Xu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengting Ren
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Sheng
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianxin Ma
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongxi Han
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Sun
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengwang Liu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
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Feng KY, Chen T, Zhang X, Shao GM, Cao Y, Chen DK, Lin WC, Chen F, Xie QM. Molecular characteristic and pathogenicity analysis of a virulent recombinant avain infectious bronchitis virus isolated in China. Poult Sci 2018; 97:3519-3531. [PMID: 29917155 PMCID: PMC7107092 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A virulent infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), designated as CK/CH/GD/QY16 (referred as QY16), was isolated from a diseased chicken farm in Guangdong province, China, in 2016. The complete genome of the strain was sequenced and analyzed. The results show that the genome of QY16 consists of 27,670 nucleotides, excluding poly (A) tail, and that its genome organization is 5’ UTR-1a-1b-S-3a-3b-E-M-4b-4c-5a-5b-N-6b-3’ UTR-poly (A) tail. Sequence comparison among QY16 and other IBV strains was conducted and its results demonstrate that the S1 gene of QY16 has the highest nucleotide sequence identity with that of 4/91, and the other part of its genome is highly similar to that of YX10. The results of the phylogenic analysis show that the entire genome of QY16 and most of the QY16 genes are located in the same cluster as those of YX10, except for the S1 gene which is located in the same cluster with that of 4/91. It has been further confirmed by the RDP and SimPlot analysis that QY16 is a recombinant strain deriving from YX10 (as the major parental sequence) and 4/91 (as the minor parental sequence), and that the recombination occurs in a region which includes the 3’-terminal 1b sequence (85 nt) and the 5’-terminal S1 protein gene sequence (1,466 nt). The results of the vaccination-challenge test suggest that QY16 is a nephropathogenic strain of IBV and that the vaccine strains–H120 and 4/91—cannot provide effective protection against it. These results indicate that the continuing evolution of IBV strains by genetic drift and genetic recombination may lead to IBV outbreaks even among the vaccinated chickens in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Y Feng
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding & Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.,Guangdong Animal Virus Vector Vaccine Engineering Research Center, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.,South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - T Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding & Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - X Zhang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding & Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, P. R. China
| | - G M Shao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding & Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, P. R. China
| | - Y Cao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding & Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, P. R. China
| | - D K Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding & Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, P. R. China
| | - W C Lin
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding & Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.,Guangdong Animal Virus Vector Vaccine Engineering Research Center, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.,South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - F Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding & Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Q M Xie
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding & Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.,Guangdong Animal Virus Vector Vaccine Engineering Research Center, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.,South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
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24
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Genetic diversity of avian infectious bronchitis virus in China in recent years. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 66:82-94. [PMID: 30244092 PMCID: PMC7185438 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, 213 infectious bronchitis viruses (IBVs) were isolated from samples collected from 801 flocks suspected to be infected with IBV from January 2016 to December 2017 in China. By using complete nucleotide sequences of S1 gene we determined the phylogeny of these IBV isolates, which in turn allowed us to define six lineages/genotypes, a number of recombinants and a novel variant. The GI-19 lineage was the most frequently isolated type in China in recent years. Although scattered mutations in the S1 gene among the GI-19 lineage viruses were observed, we also noted different sublineages in the GI-19 lineage with unique mutations, suggesting a high degree of S1 gene variation since they were first isolated in the mid-1990s. We also isolated a number of vaccine-like viruses from vaccinated diseased chickens, although more work is needed to differentiate the reisolation of vaccine strains from field strains of the same serotype. One of the important findings in this study is that the prevalence of the TW I type viruses in GI-7 lineage has been increasing in recent years in China. Another important finding is that recombination events occurred between the predominant GI-19 lineage and the commonly used 4/91 vaccine, which gave rise to distinct IBV isolates. In addition, a novel IBV isolate, together with a reference strain in GenBank database, were found to form a novel lineage/genotype that was remarkably distinct from established lineages. The characteristics of the antigenicity, tissue tropism, pathogenicity and complete genome were required for further investigation for the recombinants and the viruses in different sublineages and novel lineages. Meanwhile, permanent monitoring of circulating strains was needed to monitor the emerging viruses and rationally modify vaccination strategies in the field situation. The GI-19 lineage was the most frequently isolated type in China in recent years. Different sub-lineages were found in the GI-19 lineage with unique mutations. A number of vaccine-like viruses were isolated from vaccinated diseased chickens. The TW I type viruses in GI-13 lineage has been increasing in recent years in China. A novel IBV isolate was found to form a novel clade that was distinct from established lineages.
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Han Z, Gao M, Chen Y, Zhao W, Sun J, Zhao Y, Liu S. Genetics, antigenicity and virulence properties of three infectious bronchitis viruses isolated from a single tracheal sample in a chicken with respiratory problems. Virus Res 2018; 257:82-93. [PMID: 30240807 PMCID: PMC7172537 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Three different IBV genotypes/serotypes, designated ck/CH/LDL/150434–I (LDL/150434–I), ck/CH/LDL/150434–II (LDL/150434–II) and ck/CH/LDL/150434–III (LDL/150434–III), were detected in a single tracheal sample from a chicken showing signs of respiratory disease. The viruses were isolated using a cross-neutralization test and limiting dilution in embryonated specific-pathogen-free (SPF) eggs. Isolate LDL/150434–I was a re-isolation of H120 vaccine strain that was introduced into the chicken flock by vaccination, transmitted between chickens, and later accumulated several genomic mutations. Isolate LDL/150434–II was a novel variant that originated from recombination events between H120 and ck/CH/LDT3/03-like viruses. The widespread use of H120 vaccine, which offered incomplete protection against heterotypic IBVs in the fields, may play important roles in the emergence of such a novel genetic variant. Based on the analysis of S1 and complete genomic sequence, isolate LDL/150434–III was related genetically but distinct from the established strains of nrTW I type viruses of GI-7 lineage circulating in Mainland China since 2009. The three IBV isolates were avirulent when they infected SPF chickens. Furthermore, synergistic effects on pathogenicity were not observed when the different types co-infected the SPF chickens. However, the isolates persisted in the respiratory tracts longer in combined infected birds than those in individual infected birds. The results provide insights into the evolution of the viruses and co-infection of chickens with different virus serotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongxi Han
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengying Gao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqiu Chen
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhuo Zhao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Sun
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengwang Liu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China.
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Mousavi FS, Ghalyanchilangeroudi A, Hosseini H, Nayeri Fasaei B, Ghafouri SA, Abdollahi H, Fallah-Mehrabadi MH, Sadri N. Complete genome analysis of Iranian IS-1494 like avian infectious bronchitis virus. Virusdisease 2018; 29:390-394. [PMID: 30159377 PMCID: PMC6111945 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-018-0462-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strain IS-1494 like (variant-2; GI-23) was first isolated in the Middle East (1998). Despite intensive vaccinations, IS-1494 like IBVs are still circulating in Iran (the dominant genotype) and spread to other countries. Here, the full-length genome of this Iranian IS-1494 like IBV was (Mahed) determined to understand its evolutionary relationships. The genome consists of 27,652 nucleotides, with mutations in most of the structural genes. Thirteen open reading frames (ORFs) were predicted in the Mahed isolate (5' UTR-1a-1b-S-3a-3b-E-M-4b-4c-5a-5b-N-6b-3' UTR). ORFs 4b, 4c, and 6b, which has rarely been reported, were present in the Mahed genome. According to phylogenetic analysis of the full-length genome, 1a, S2, M, E, N protein, Mahed isolate clustered with the QX type strain. Based on the partial 1b, S1, Mahed clustered with the Q1 strain. The full-length genome of Mahed isolate shared the highest sequence homology with Gray and JMK (90.06-90.07%) and was least related to the Vic-s (86.21%). These data show that evolutionary variation because of recombination in IBV plays a major role in the adaptation and origin of IBV leading to new genetic and types of the virus strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sadat Mousavi
- 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Ghalyanchilangeroudi
- 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Alborz, Iran
| | - Bahar Nayeri Fasaei
- 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Mohammad Hosein Fallah-Mehrabadi
- 4Department of Poultry Diseases, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser Sadri
- 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Manswr B, Ball C, Forrester A, Chantrey J, Ganapathy K. Evaluation of full S1 gene sequencing of classical and variant infectious bronchitis viruses extracted from allantoic fluid and FTA cards. Avian Pathol 2018; 47:418-426. [PMID: 29712443 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2018.1471196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Sequence variability in the S1 gene determines the genotype of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strains. A single RT-PCR assay was developed to amplify and sequence the full S1 gene for six classical and variant IBVs (M41, D274, 793B, IS/885/00, IS/1494/06 and Q1) enriched in allantoic fluid (AF) or the same AF inoculated onto Flinders Technology Association (FTA) cards. Representative strains from each genotype were grown in specific-pathogen-free eggs and RNA was extracted from AF. Full S1 gene amplification was achieved using primer A and primer 22.51. Products were sequenced using primers A, 1050+, 1380+ and SX3+ to obtain short sequences covering the full gene. Following serial dilutions of AF, detection limits of the partial assay were higher than those of the full S1 gene. Partial S1 sequences exhibited higher-than-average nucleotide similarity percentages (79%; 352 bp) compared to full S1 sequences (77%; 1756 bp), suggesting that full S1 analysis allows greater strain differentiation. For IBV detection from AF-inoculated FTA cards, four serotypes were incubated for up to 21 days at three temperatures, 4°C, room temperature (approximately 24°C) and 40°C. RNA was extracted and tested with partial and full S1 protocols. Through partial sequencing, all IBVs were successfully detected at all sampling points and storage temperatures. In contrast, using full S1 sequencing it was not possible to amplify the gene beyond 14 days or when stored at 40°C. Data presented show that for full S1 sequencing, a substantial amount of RNA is needed. Field samples collected onto FTA cards are unlikely to yield such quantity or quality. ABBREVIATIONS AF: allantoic fluid; CD50: ciliostatic dose 50; FTA: Flinders Technology Association; IB: infectious bronchitis; IBV: infectious bronchitis virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basim Manswr
- a Institute of Infection and Global Health , University of Liverpool , Cheshire , UK.,b Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Diyala University , Baqubah , Iraq
| | - Christopher Ball
- a Institute of Infection and Global Health , University of Liverpool , Cheshire , UK
| | - Anne Forrester
- a Institute of Infection and Global Health , University of Liverpool , Cheshire , UK
| | - Julian Chantrey
- c Institute of Veterinary Science , University of Liverpool , Cheshire , UK
| | - Kannan Ganapathy
- a Institute of Infection and Global Health , University of Liverpool , Cheshire , UK
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Xia J, He X, Du LJ, Liu YY, You GJ, Li SY, Liu P, Cao SJ, Han XF, Huang Y. Preparation and protective efficacy of a chicken embryo kidney cell-attenuation GI-19/QX-like avian infectious bronchitis virus vaccine. Vaccine 2018; 36:4087-4094. [PMID: 29859801 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.05.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) is a highly contagious disease, and hazardous to the poultry industry. Immune failure often occurs due to the emergence of new serotypes or field strains antigenically different from the vaccine strains. To prepare a candidate vaccine against the prevalent avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in China, the GI-19/QX-like field isolate Sczy3 was selected as the progenitor strain and attenuated via passaging in chicken embryo kidney (CEK) cells for 100 times. The 100th generation of CEK-adapted strain, designated SczyC100, was safe to use on one-day old specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicken as determined by pathogenicity and virulence reversion test. The efficacies of SczyC100 and two commonly used commercial vaccines (H120 and 4/91) against prevalent GI-19/QX and GI-7/TWI type virulent strains were evaluated. Sczy3C100 effectively reduced the morbidity, mortality, mean lesion scores (MLSs), and viral load of trachea of chickens challenged by GI-19/QX and GI-7/TWI strains. CEK-adapted SczyC100 is therefore a potential vaccine candidate for the control of IB in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Xiao He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Li-Jing Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
| | - Yue-Yue Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
| | - Guo-Jin You
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
| | - Shu-Yun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
| | - Ping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
| | - San-Jie Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
| | - Xin-Feng Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Yong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
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Effects of hypervariable regions in spike protein on pathogenicity, tropism, and serotypes of infectious bronchitis virus. Virus Res 2018; 250:104-113. [PMID: 29684409 PMCID: PMC7114591 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
For the first time using reverse genetics to reveal the roles of HVRs in coronavirus. The HVRs exchange from IBV S1 subunit weakened the adsorption during IBV infection in vitro. The HVRs exchange in IBV S1 reduced ARV with Beaudette, but not sufficiently change serotypes. The recombinant IBVs provided insights into reverse genetic vaccines.
To study the roles of hypervariable regions (HVRs) in receptor-binding subunit S1 of the spike protein, we manipulated the genome of the IBV Beaudette strain using a reverse genetics system to construct seven recombinant strains by separately or simultaneously replacing the three HVRs of the Beaudette strain with the corresponding fragments from a QX-like nephropathogenic isolate ck/CH/LDL/091022 from China. We characterized the growth properties of these recombinant IBVs in Vero cells and embryonated eggs, and their pathogenicity, tropism, and serotypes in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. All seven recombinant IBVs proliferated in Vero cells, but the heterogenous HVRs could reduce their capacity for adsorption during in vitro infection. The recombinant IBVs did not significantly increase the pathogenicity compared with the Beaudette strain in SPF chickens, and they still shared the same serotype as the Beaudette strain, but the antigenic relatedness values between the recombinant strain and Beaudette strain generally decreased with the increase in the number of the HVRs exchanged. The results of this study demonstrate the functions of HVRs and they may help to develop a vaccine candidate, as well as providing insights into the prevention and control of IBV.
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30
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Jiang L, Han Z, Chen Y, Zhao W, Sun J, Zhao Y, Liu S. Characterization of the complete genome, antigenicity, pathogenicity, tissue tropism, and shedding of a recombinant avian infectious bronchitis virus with a ck/CH/LJL/140901-like backbone and an S2 fragment from a 4/91-like virus. Virus Res 2017; 244:99-109. [PMID: 29141204 PMCID: PMC7114561 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we isolated an infectious bronchitis virus, designated I1101/16, from broiler breeders in China. Analysis of the S1 gene showed that isolate I1101/16 was genetically close to strain ck/CH/LJL/140901, which belongs to the TW I genotype (also known as lineage GI-7 based on the recent IBV classification), however the S2 gene showed genetic diversity comparing to that of S1 gene. Comparison of the genomic sequences showed that the genome of isolate I1101/16 was similar to that of strain ck/CH/LJL/140901 from the 5' end of the genome to the 5' end of the S2 gene and from the 5' end of the 3a gene to the end of the genome, whereas the remaining parts of the genome sequences were more closely related to those of strain 4/91 than those of ck/CH/LJL/140901, thereby suggesting that recombination might have occurred during the origin of the virus. SimPlot and Bootscan analysis of the complete genomic sequence confirmed this hypothesis, where it showed that isolate I1101/16 arose through recombination events between ck/CH/LJL/140901- and 4/91-like viruses. Isolate I1101/16 and strain ck/CH/LJL/140901 shared identical amino acids in almost all five of their B cell epitopes, but the two viruses had a serotype relatedness value of 65, which is well below 80, i.e., the lower cutoff value for viruses of the same serotype. In addition, pathogenicity tests demonstrated that isolate I1101/16 was more pathogenic to 1-day-old specific-pathogen-free chickens than strain ck/CH/LJL/140901, according to analysis of the clinical signs, whereas strain ck/CH/LJL/140901 exhibited prolonged replication and shedding after challenge compared with isolate I1101/16. This study did not provide evidence that recombination can directly alter the antigenicity, virulence, replication, shedding, and tissue tropism of a virus, but it did show that recombination events are likely to be major determinants of viral evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jiang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongxi Han
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqiu Chen
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Zhao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Sun
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengwang Liu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China.
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Santos Fernando F, Coelho Kasmanas T, Diniz Lopes P, da Silva Montassier MDF, Zanella Mores MA, Casagrande Mariguela V, Pavani C, Moreira Dos Santos R, Assayag MS, Montassier HJ. Assessment of molecular and genetic evolution, antigenicity and virulence properties during the persistence of the infectious bronchitis virus in broiler breeders. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:2470-2481. [PMID: 28895517 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) causes a highly contagious disease [infectious bronchitis (IB)] that results in substantial economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. We conducted a molecular and phylogenetic analysis of the S1 gene of Brazilian (BR) IBV isolates from a routinely vaccinated commercial flock of broiler breeders, obtained from clinical IB episodes that occurred in 24-, 46- and 62-week-old chickens. We also characterized the antigenicity, pathogenesis, tissue tropism and spreading of three IBV isolates by experimental infection of specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens and contact sentinel birds. The results reveal that the three IBV isolates mainly exhibited mutations in the hypervariable regions (HVRs) of the S1 gene and protein, but were phylogenetically and serologically closely related, belonging to lineage 11 of the GI genotype, the former BR genotype I. All three isolates caused persistent infection in broiler breeders reared in the field, despite high systemic anti-IBV antibody titres, and exhibited tropism and pathogenicity for the trachea and kidney after experimental infection in SPF chickens and contact birds. In conclusion, BR genotype I isolates of IBV evolve continuously during the productive cycle of persistently infected broiler breeders, causing outbreaks that are not impaired by the current vaccination programme with Massachusetts vaccine strains. In addition, the genetic alterations in the S1 gene of these isolates were not able to change their tissue tropism and pathogenicity, but did seem to negatively influence the effectiveness of the host immune responses against these viruses, and favour viral persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Santos Fernando
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (FCAV- UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Thaiane Coelho Kasmanas
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (FCAV- UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Priscila Diniz Lopes
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (FCAV- UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fátima da Silva Montassier
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (FCAV- UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil
| | | | - Viviane Casagrande Mariguela
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (FCAV- UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Caren Pavani
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (FCAV- UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Romeu Moreira Dos Santos
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (FCAV- UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Mário Sérgio Assayag
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (FCAV- UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Helio José Montassier
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (FCAV- UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil
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Han Z, Zhao W, Chen Y, Xu Q, Sun J, Zhang T, Zhao Y, Liang S, Gao M, Wang Q, Kong X, Liu S. Genetic, antigenic, and pathogenic characteristics of avian infectious bronchitis viruses genotypically related to 793/B in China. Vet Microbiol 2017; 203:125-135. [PMID: 28619134 PMCID: PMC7117474 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
793/B IBV was among the most important serotype to be recognized worldwide. Twelve out of 20 IBVs genetically related to 793/B are reisolates of 4/91 vaccine strain. ck/CH/LSD/110857 was originated from recombination events between H120- and 4/91-like strains. Seven isolates were from recombination events between a 4/91-like strain and a GX-LY9-like virus.
In this study, 20 infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strains, which were genotypically related to 793/B, as assessed by an S1 gene comparison and a complete genomic sequence analysis, were isolated and identified from 2009 to 2014 in China. Phylogenetic analysis, network tree, similarity plot analysis, Recombination Detection Program 4(RDP4) and sequence comparison revealed that 12 of the 20 isolates were likely the reisolated vaccine virus. One isolate, ck/CH/LSD/110857, was shown to have originated from recombination events between H120- and 4/91-like vaccine strains that did not result in changes of antigenicity and pathogenicity. The remaining seven IBV isolates were shown to have originated from recombination events between a 4/91-like vaccine strain and a GX-LY9-like virus, which were responsible for the emergence of a novel serotype. A vaccination-challenge test found that vaccination with the 4/91 vaccine strain did not provide protection against challenge with the recombinant viruses. In addition, the results showed that the recombination events between the vaccine and field strains resulted in altered genetics, serotype, antigenicity, and pathogenicity compared with those of their deduced parental viruses. The results are important not only because this virus is of economic importance to poultry industry, but also because it is important for elucidating the origin and evolution of other coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongxi Han
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Zhao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqiu Chen
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Xu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Sun
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuling Liang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengying Gao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuling Wang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangang Kong
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengwang Liu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China.
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Bayry J. Coronaviridae: Infectious Bronchitis Virus. EMERGING AND RE-EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF LIVESTOCK 2017. [PMCID: PMC7122401 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-47426-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Gao M, Wang Q, Zhao W, Chen Y, Zhang T, Han Z, Xu Q, Kong X, Liu S. Serotype, antigenicity, and pathogenicity of a naturally recombinant TW I genotype infectious bronchitis coronavirus in China. Vet Microbiol 2016; 191:1-8. [PMID: 27374900 PMCID: PMC7117265 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Since 2009, strains of the naturally recombinant TW I genotype of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) have caused considerable damage to the Chinese poultry industry. To better understand the antigenicity and pathogenesis of this genotype, the characteristics of the ck/CH/LDL/140520 strain were compared to those of four commercial IB vaccine strains that are used commonly in China, as well as four attenuated viruses that represent two types of IBV strains, which are believed to have originated in China and are the predominant IBV types circulating in chicken flocks in China and many other parts of the world. The results showed that all eight strains were genetically and serotypically different from the strain ck/CH/LDL/140520. Furthermore, neither the vaccine strains nor the attenuated viruses could provide complete respiratory protection of chickens against a challenge with the ck/CH/LDL/140520 strain, indicating that it is necessary to develop new live vaccines or to evaluate the use of established vaccines in combination to control naturally recombinant TW I-type IBV strains in the future. Our results showed that strain ck/CH/LDL/140520 is very pathogenic, and that it is able to cause cystic oviducts in a high percentage of birds, as well as mortality due to nephritis and respiratory distress with complete tracheal ciliostasis, especially in chickens infected at 1day of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Gao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuling Wang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Zhao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqiu Chen
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongxi Han
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Xu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangang Kong
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengwang Liu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China.
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Xia J, He X, Yao KC, Du LJ, Liu P, Yan QG, Wen YP, Cao SJ, Han XF, Huang Y. Phylogenetic and antigenic analysis of avian infectious bronchitis virus in southwestern China, 2012-2016. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 45:11-19. [PMID: 27530216 PMCID: PMC7106097 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to decipher the molecular epidemiological and antigenic characteristics of infectious bronchitis virus strains (IBVs) isolated in recent years in southwestern China. A total of 24 field strains were isolated from diseased chickens between 2012 and 2016. Phylogenetic analysis based on S1 nucleotide sequences showed that 16 of the 24 isolates were clustered into four distinct genotypes: QX (37.5%), TW (16.7%, TWI and TWII), Mass (8.3%), and J2 (4.2%). The QX genotype was still the prevalent genotype in southwestern China. Recombination analysis of the S1 subunit gene showed that eight of the 24 field strains were recombinant variants that originated from field strains and vaccine strains. A new potential recombination hotspot [ATTTT(T/A)] was identified, implying that recombination events may become more and more common. The antigenicity of ten IBVs, including seven field strains and commonly used vaccine strains, were assayed with a viral cross-neutralization assay in chicken embryonated kidney cells (CEK). The results showed that the ten IBVs could be divided into four serotypes (Massachusetts, 793B, Sczy3, and SCYB). Sczy3 and 793B were the predominant serotypes. Six of the seven field isolates (all except for cK/CH/SCYB/140913) cross-reacted well with anti-sera against other field strains. In conclusion, the genetic and antigenic features of IBVs from southwestern China in recent years have changed when compared to the previous reports. The results could provide a reference for vaccine development and the prevention of infectious bronchitis in southwestern China. The QX genotype was still the prevalent genotype in southwestern China, 2012–2016. The Sczy3 and 793B were the predominant serotypes in analyzed IBVs. A new potential recombination hotspot [ATTTT(T/A)] in S1 gene was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
| | - Xiao He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
| | - Ke-Chang Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
| | - Li-Jing Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
| | - Ping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
| | - Qi-Gui Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
| | - Yi-Ping Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
| | - San-Jie Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
| | - Xin-Feng Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
| | - Yong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
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Kiss I, Mató T, Homonnay Z, Tatár-Kis T, Palya V. Successive occurrence of recombinant infectious bronchitis virus strains in restricted area of Middle East. Virus Evol 2016; 2:vew021. [PMID: 29492274 PMCID: PMC5822880 DOI: 10.1093/ve/vew021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Routine molecular diagnostic testing by our laboratory, based on using a primer pair with conservative binding sites on the spike glycoprotein coding sequence, has indicated the recurring of a unique phylogenetic cluster of chicken infectious bronchitis viruses (IBV) in the Middle East since 2010. The nearly full-length S1 subunit of the spike gene phylogeny of selected strains, however, split up this grouping, suggesting potential recombination in the S1 gene. In order to clarify this, various bioinformatic analyses of the strains were carried out, which confirmed this supposition. Two patterns of recombination were found among the strains, one of which could also be identified in GenBank-deposited IBV sequences from the region. These findings demonstrate that IBV strains of different recombinant patterns occur simultaneously in the same geographic region and could circulate for an extended period of time, thus contributing to the knowledge on IBV evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Kiss
- Scientific Support and Investigation Unit, Ceva-Phylaxia, Szállás u. 5, Budapest 1107, Hungary
| | - Tamás Mató
- Scientific Support and Investigation Unit, Ceva-Phylaxia, Szállás u. 5, Budapest 1107, Hungary
| | - Zalán Homonnay
- Scientific Support and Investigation Unit, Ceva-Phylaxia, Szállás u. 5, Budapest 1107, Hungary
| | - Tímea Tatár-Kis
- Scientific Support and Investigation Unit, Ceva-Phylaxia, Szállás u. 5, Budapest 1107, Hungary
| | - Vilmos Palya
- Scientific Support and Investigation Unit, Ceva-Phylaxia, Szállás u. 5, Budapest 1107, Hungary
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Genome sequence and origin analyses of the recombinant novel IBV virulent isolate SAIBK2. Virus Genes 2016; 52:509-20. [PMID: 27108998 PMCID: PMC7088859 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-016-1337-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Recombination between infectious bronchitis viruses (IBVs), together with point mutations, insertions, and deletions, is thought to be responsible for the emergence of new IBV variants. SAIBK2 is a nephropathogenic strain isolated from layer flocks vaccinated with live attenuated H120 vaccine in Sichuan province, China in 2011. SAIBK2 causes severe kidney lesions and results in 50 % mortality in 30-day-old specific-pathogen-free chickens (with a dose of 105 EID50/0.1 mL SAIBK2 per chicken). The complete genome of SAIBK2 consists of 27669 nucleotides, excluding the poly-A tail at the 3′ end. SAIBK2 has the highest identity to YX10 in terms of complete genome. Phylogenetic analysis of complete sequence showed that SAIBK2 belongs to the most dominant genotype in China. Comparison and recombination analyses with other IBV strains revealed that SAIBK2 may originate from recombination events among a YX10-, a YN-, and a Mass-like strain. Furthermore, whole gene 5 and parts of nsp 3, nsp 4, nsp 16, and N genes are involved in the recombination events, and the uptake of these regions from YN and Mass strains by SAIBK2 may increase its replication efficiency and be responsible for its increased virulence in specific-pathogen-free chickens.
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Ito M, Tsuchiaka S, Naoi Y, Otomaru K, Sato M, Masuda T, Haga K, Oka T, Yamasato H, Omatsu T, Sugimura S, Aoki H, Furuya T, Katayama Y, Oba M, Shirai J, Katayama K, Mizutani T, Nagai M. Whole genome analysis of Japanese bovine toroviruses reveals natural recombination between porcine and bovine toroviruses. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 38:90-95. [PMID: 26708248 PMCID: PMC7185535 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Bovine toroviruses (BToVs), belong to the subfamily Toroviridae within the family Coronaviridae, and are pathogens, causing enteric disease in cattle. In Japan, BToVs are distributed throughout the country and cause gastrointestinal infection of calves and cows. In the present study, complete genome sequences of two Japanese BToVs and partial genome sequences of two Japanese BToVs and one porcine torovirus (PToV) from distant regions in Japan were determined and genetic analyses were performed. Pairwise nucleotide comparison and phylogenetic analyses revealed that Japanese BToVs shared high identity with each other and showed high similarities with BToV Breda1 strain in S, M, and HE coding regions. Japanese BToVs showed high similarities with porcine toroviruses in ORF1a, ORF1b, and N coding regions and the 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions, suggestive of a natural recombination event. Recombination analyses mapped the putative recombinant breakpoints to the 3′ ends of the ORF1b and HE regions. These findings suggest that the interspecies recombinant nature of Japanese BToVs resulted in a closer relationship between BToV Breda1 and PToVs. Recombination events between porcine and bovine torovirus were identified. Recombinant breakpoints were mapped at ORF1b and HE coding regions. These recombinant viruses are prevalent throughout Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Ito
- Ishikawa Nanbu Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Saida, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-3101, Japan
| | - Shinobu Tsuchiaka
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yuki Naoi
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Konosuke Otomaru
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Sato
- Tochigi Prefectural Central District Animal Hygiene Service Center, Hiraidekougyoudanchi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-0905, Japan
| | - Tsuneyuki Masuda
- Kurayoshi Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Kiyotani, Kurayoshi, Tottori 683-0017, Japan
| | - Kei Haga
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Tomoichiro Oka
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamasato
- Kurayoshi Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Kiyotani, Kurayoshi, Tottori 683-0017, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Omatsu
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sugimura
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Aoki
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Furuya
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yukie Katayama
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Mami Oba
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Junsuke Shirai
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Katayama
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizutani
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Makoto Nagai
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
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Han Z, Zhang T, Xu Q, Gao M, Chen Y, Wang Q, Zhao Y, Shao Y, Li H, Kong X, Liu S. Altered pathogenicity of a tl/CH/LDT3/03 genotype infectious bronchitis coronavirus due to natural recombination in the 5'- 17kb region of the genome. Virus Res 2015; 213:140-148. [PMID: 26616599 PMCID: PMC7114521 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An infectious bronchitis coronavirus, designated as ck/CH/LGX/130530, was isolated from an IBV strain H120-vaccinated chicken in this study. Analysis of the S1 gene showed that isolate ck/CH/LGX/130530 was a tl/CH/LDT3/03-like virus, with a nucleotide sequence similarity of 99%. However, a complete genomic sequence analysis showed that ck/CH/LGX/130530 was more closely related to a Massachusetts type strain (95% similarity to strain H120) than to the tl/CH/LDT3/03 strain (86%), suggesting that recombination might have occurred during the origin of the virus. A SimPlot analysis of the complete genomic sequence confirmed this hypothesis, and it showed that isolate ck/CH/LGX/130530 emerged from a recombination event between parental IBV H120 strain and pathogenic tl/CH/LDT3/03-like virus. The results obtained from the pairwise comparison and nucleotide similarity showed that the recombination breakpoint was located in the nsp14 gene at nucleotides 17055-17083. In line with the high S1 gene sequence similarity, the ck/CH/LGX/130530 isolate was serotypically close to that of the tl/CH/LDT3/03 strain (73% antigenic relatedness). Furthermore, vaccination with the LDT3-A vaccine, which was derived from the tl/CH/LDT3/03 strain by serial passaging in chicken eggs, provided good protection against challenge with the tl/CH/LDT3/03 strain, in contrast to the poor protection offered with the H120 vaccine. Interestingly, isolate ck/CH/LGX/130530 exhibited low pathogenicity toward specific-pathogen-free chickens compared with the nephropathogenic tl/CH/LDT3/03 strain, which was likely due to natural recombination in the 5' 17-kb region of the genome. Our results also indicate that the replicase gene of IBV isolate ck/CH/LGX/130530 is associated with viral pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongxi Han
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Xu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengying Gao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqiu Chen
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuling Wang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhao Shao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Huixin Li
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangang Kong
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengwang Liu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China.
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Molecular characterization of infectious bronchitis viruses isolated from broiler chicken farms in Iran, 2014-2015. Arch Virol 2015; 161:53-62. [PMID: 26467927 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2636-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis (IB) is a viral avian disease with economic importance in the world, including Iran. S1 gene sequencing has been used for molecular epidemiological studies and genotypic characterization of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). A total of 118 IBV isolates were obtained from tissue samples from chickens with clinically suspected IB from Iranian broiler farms (eight provinces, 200 samples). The isolates were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and characterized by sequencing the spike glycoprotein gene. The isolates formed six distinct phylogenetic groups (IS/1494/06 [Var2] like, 4/91-like, IS/720-like, QX-like, IR-1 and Mass-like) that were related to variants isolated in the region. The most frequently detected viruses were of the Var2-like (IS/1494/06-like) genotype, with an overall prevalence of 34 %. Twenty-one percent of the isolates formed a cluster together with the 4/91 IBV type, 10 % were of the QX genotype, and 8 % were of the IS/720 genotype. In addition, 4 % and 3 % of the isolates belonged to the Massachusetts and IR-1 genotype, respectively. For the first time, we have isolated and characterized IBV variants from broiler farms in different provinces of Iran. This study demonstrates a constant evolution of IBV in Iran, demonstrating the need for continuous monitoring and development of new vaccines based on indigenous viruses.
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