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Robert E, Goonewardene K, Lamboo L, Perez O, Goolia M, Lewis C, Erdelyan CNG, Lung O, Handel K, Moffat E, Embury-Hyatt C, Amaya NN, Parra CPC, Rueda DCG, Monroy MAR, Clavijo A, Ambagala A. Molecular and Pathological Characterization of Classical Swine Fever Virus Genotype 2 Strains Responsible for the 2013-2018 Outbreak in Colombia. Viruses 2023; 15:2308. [PMID: 38140549 PMCID: PMC10747092 DOI: 10.3390/v15122308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious transboundary viral disease of domestic and wild pigs. Despite mass vaccination and continuous eradication programs, CSF remains endemic in Asia, some countries in Europe, the Caribbean and South America. Since June 2013, Northern Colombia has reported 137 CSF outbreaks, mostly in backyard production systems with low vaccination coverage. The purpose of this study was to characterize the virus responsible for the outbreak. Phylogenetic analysis based on the full-length E2 sequence shows that the virus is closely related to CSF virus (CSFV) genotype 2.6 strains circulating in Southeast Asia. The pathotyping experiment suggests that the virus responsible is a moderately virulent strain. The 190 nucleotide stretch of the E2 hypervariable region of these isolates also shows high similarity to the CSFV isolates from Colombia in 2005 and 2006, suggesting a common origin for the CSF outbreaks caused by genotype 2.6 strains. The emergence of genotype 2.6 in Colombia suggests a potential transboundary spread of CSFV from Asia to the Americas, complicating the ongoing CSF eradication efforts in the Americas, and emphasizes the need for continuous surveillance in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Robert
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (E.R.); (K.G.); (L.L.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (C.L.); (C.N.G.E.); (O.L.); (K.H.); (E.M.); (C.E.-H.); (A.C.)
| | - Kalhari Goonewardene
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (E.R.); (K.G.); (L.L.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (C.L.); (C.N.G.E.); (O.L.); (K.H.); (E.M.); (C.E.-H.); (A.C.)
| | - Lindsey Lamboo
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (E.R.); (K.G.); (L.L.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (C.L.); (C.N.G.E.); (O.L.); (K.H.); (E.M.); (C.E.-H.); (A.C.)
| | - Orlando Perez
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (E.R.); (K.G.); (L.L.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (C.L.); (C.N.G.E.); (O.L.); (K.H.); (E.M.); (C.E.-H.); (A.C.)
| | - Melissa Goolia
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (E.R.); (K.G.); (L.L.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (C.L.); (C.N.G.E.); (O.L.); (K.H.); (E.M.); (C.E.-H.); (A.C.)
| | - Charles Lewis
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (E.R.); (K.G.); (L.L.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (C.L.); (C.N.G.E.); (O.L.); (K.H.); (E.M.); (C.E.-H.); (A.C.)
| | - Cassidy N. G. Erdelyan
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (E.R.); (K.G.); (L.L.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (C.L.); (C.N.G.E.); (O.L.); (K.H.); (E.M.); (C.E.-H.); (A.C.)
| | - Oliver Lung
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (E.R.); (K.G.); (L.L.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (C.L.); (C.N.G.E.); (O.L.); (K.H.); (E.M.); (C.E.-H.); (A.C.)
| | - Katherine Handel
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (E.R.); (K.G.); (L.L.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (C.L.); (C.N.G.E.); (O.L.); (K.H.); (E.M.); (C.E.-H.); (A.C.)
| | - Estella Moffat
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (E.R.); (K.G.); (L.L.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (C.L.); (C.N.G.E.); (O.L.); (K.H.); (E.M.); (C.E.-H.); (A.C.)
| | - Carissa Embury-Hyatt
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (E.R.); (K.G.); (L.L.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (C.L.); (C.N.G.E.); (O.L.); (K.H.); (E.M.); (C.E.-H.); (A.C.)
| | - Nancy Naranjo Amaya
- National Veterinary Laboratory, Instituto Colombiano Agropecurio, Bogota 110911, DC, Colombia; (N.N.A.); (C.P.C.P.); (D.C.G.R.); (M.A.R.M.)
| | - Claudia Patricia Calderón Parra
- National Veterinary Laboratory, Instituto Colombiano Agropecurio, Bogota 110911, DC, Colombia; (N.N.A.); (C.P.C.P.); (D.C.G.R.); (M.A.R.M.)
| | - Diana Cristina Gómez Rueda
- National Veterinary Laboratory, Instituto Colombiano Agropecurio, Bogota 110911, DC, Colombia; (N.N.A.); (C.P.C.P.); (D.C.G.R.); (M.A.R.M.)
| | - Maria Antonia Rincón Monroy
- National Veterinary Laboratory, Instituto Colombiano Agropecurio, Bogota 110911, DC, Colombia; (N.N.A.); (C.P.C.P.); (D.C.G.R.); (M.A.R.M.)
| | - Alfonso Clavijo
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (E.R.); (K.G.); (L.L.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (C.L.); (C.N.G.E.); (O.L.); (K.H.); (E.M.); (C.E.-H.); (A.C.)
| | - Aruna Ambagala
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (E.R.); (K.G.); (L.L.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (C.L.); (C.N.G.E.); (O.L.); (K.H.); (E.M.); (C.E.-H.); (A.C.)
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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Chen N, Wang Q, Hu Y, Sun Y, Li J, Wu H, Xu L, Liu H, Yang C, Chen X, Deng Y, Xia Y, Zhang Q, Cheng S, Fan A, Chen G. Comparative efficacy evaluation of different CSF vaccines in pigs with CSF maternally derived antibodies. Vet Microbiol 2022; 273:109541. [PMID: 36027683 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious and important swine disease in China. Sporadic outbreaks with mild clinical signs are still being reported despite massive vaccination with the CSF C-strain vaccine. One possible reason for vaccine failure could be interference from maternally derived antibodies (MDAs) during vaccination in the field. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of different CSF vaccines in the presence of MDAs and to assess the different vaccination schemes in the field. The results demonstrated that vaccination with a single dose of C-strain-PK vaccine protected pigs against severe clinical signs and significantly reduced viremia. The impact of MDAs was negligible. The interference was also mild during a prime and boost vaccination scheme using the C-strain-ST vaccine. In contrast, a significant influence of MDAs on the efficacy of the subunit E2 vaccine in a one-dose vaccination scheme was observed, with pigs showing severe clinical signs, CSF-associated death, typical pathological lesions and a high level of viremia after challenge, despite robust E2 antibody induction. A field vaccination and challenge study further confirmed the superior effectiveness of a single dose of C-strain-PK vaccine in the presence of MDAs in comparison to a routine prime and boost vaccination scheme applied in the field, with pigs having fever, chronic signs, significant viremia and shedding after challenge. Delaying the vaccination time from the age of 28 days to 45 days, when MDA was low, was beneficial for improving the clinical protection and immunity induced by vaccines. Altogether, the results presented here emphasize that a high-quality vaccine and a scientific design of the vaccination scheme based on serological surveillance are essential pillars to control and eliminate CSF in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Chen
- Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica (China) Co. Ltd., Taizhou 225300, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qin Wang
- World Organisation for Animal Health, Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulong Hu
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyong Sun
- Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica (China) Co. Ltd., Taizhou 225300, People's Republic of China
| | - Junping Li
- World Organisation for Animal Health, Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Huawei Wu
- World Organisation for Animal Health, Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Xu
- World Organisation for Animal Health, Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica (China) Co. Ltd., Taizhou 225300, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenghuai Yang
- World Organisation for Animal Health, Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochun Chen
- World Organisation for Animal Health, Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Deng
- World Organisation for Animal Health, Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingju Xia
- World Organisation for Animal Health, Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianyi Zhang
- World Organisation for Animal Health, Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi Cheng
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Aihua Fan
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghua Chen
- World Organisation for Animal Health, Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China.
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Nguyen NH, Thi Phuong BN, Nguyen TQ, Do Tien D, Nguyen Thi MD, Nguyen MN. Genotypic diversity of CSFV field strains: A silent risk reduces vaccination efficacy of CSFV vaccines in Vietnam. Virology 2022; 571:39-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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