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Iskusnykh IY, Zakharova AA, Kryl’skii ED, Popova TN. Aging, Neurodegenerative Disorders, and Cerebellum. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1018. [PMID: 38256091 PMCID: PMC10815822 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
An important part of the central nervous system (CNS), the cerebellum is involved in motor control, learning, reflex adaptation, and cognition. Diminished cerebellar function results in the motor and cognitive impairment observed in patients with neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA), and multiple sclerosis (MS), and even during the normal aging process. In most neurodegenerative disorders, impairment mainly occurs as a result of morphological changes over time, although during the early stages of some disorders such as AD, the cerebellum also serves a compensatory function. Biological aging is accompanied by changes in cerebellar circuits, which are predominantly involved in motor control. Despite decades of research, the functional contributions of the cerebellum and the underlying molecular mechanisms in aging and neurodegenerative disorders remain largely unknown. Therefore, this review will highlight the molecular and cellular events in the cerebellum that are disrupted during the process of aging and the development of neurodegenerative disorders. We believe that deeper insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of the cerebellum during aging and the development of neurodegenerative disorders will be essential for the design of new effective strategies for neuroprotection and the alleviation of some neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Y. Iskusnykh
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Anastasia A. Zakharova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov St. 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Evgenii D. Kryl’skii
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya Sq. 1, Voronezh 394018, Russia; (E.D.K.)
| | - Tatyana N. Popova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya Sq. 1, Voronezh 394018, Russia; (E.D.K.)
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Tan L, Xing J, Wang Z, Du X, Luo R, Wang J, Zhao J, Zhao W, Yin C. Study of gray matter atrophy pattern with subcortical ischemic vascular disease-vascular cognitive impairment no dementia based on structural magnetic resonance imaging. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1051177. [PMID: 36815175 PMCID: PMC9939744 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1051177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study explored the structural imaging changes in patients with subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD)-vascular cognitive impairment no dementia (VCIND) and the correlation between the changes in gray matter volume and the field of cognitive impairment to provide new targets for early diagnosis and treatment. Methods Our study included 15 patients with SIVD-normal cognitive impairment (SIVD-NCI), 63 with SIVD-VCIND, 26 with SIVD-vascular dementia (SIVD-VD), and 14 normal controls (NC). T1-weighted images of all participants were collected, and DPABI and SPM12 software were used to process the gray matter of the four groups based on voxels. Fisher's exact test, one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis H test were used to evaluate all clinical and demographic data and compare the characteristics of diencephalic gray matter atrophy in each group. Finally, the region of interest (ROI) of the SIVD-VCIND was extracted, and Pearson correlation analysis was performed between the ROI and the results of the neuropsychological scale. Results Compared to the NC, changes in gray matter atrophy were observed in the bilateral orbitofrontal gyrus, right middle temporal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, and precuneus in the SIVD-VCIND. Gray matter atrophy was observed in the left cerebellar region 6, cerebellar crural region 1, bilateral thalamus, right precuneus, and calcarine in the SIVD-VD. Compared with the SIVD-VCIND, gray matter atrophy changes were observed in the bilateral thalamus in the SIVD-VD (p < 0.05, family-wise error corrected). In the SIVD-VCIND, the total gray matter volume, bilateral medial orbital superior frontal gyrus, right superior temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, and precuneus were positively correlated with Boston Naming Test score, whereas the total gray matter volume, right superior temporal gyrus, and middle temporal gyrus were positively correlated with overall cognition. Conclusion Structural magnetic resonance imaging can detect extensive and subtle structural changes in the gray matter of patients with SIVD-VCIND and SIVD-VD, providing valuable evidences to explain the pathogenesis of subcortical vascular cognitive impairment and contributing to the early diagnosis of SIVD-VCIND and early warning of SIVD-VD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tan
- Department of Neurology, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China,Department of Rehabilitation, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jian Xing
- Department of Imaging, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Zhenqi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Xiao Du
- Department of Neurology, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Ruidi Luo
- Department of Neurology, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Jianhang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Jinyi Zhao
- Department of Imaging, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Weina Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Ischemic Stroke Prevention and Treatment, Mudanjiang, China,*Correspondence: Weina Zhao, ; Changhao Yin,
| | - Changhao Yin
- Department of Neurology, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Ischemic Stroke Prevention and Treatment, Mudanjiang, China,*Correspondence: Weina Zhao, ; Changhao Yin,
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Plasma Neurofilament Light Chain Is Associated with Cognitive Impairment after Posterior Circulation Stroke. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2466982. [PMID: 35800005 PMCID: PMC9256396 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2466982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is a biomarker for large-caliber axonal degeneration in the subcortex. The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between plasma neurofilament light chain (pNfL) and cognitive impairment following a posterior circulation stroke. Methods Patients over the age of 18 with their first-ever acute ischemic stroke (AIS) of the posterior cerebral circulation within 24 h of symptom onset were included from July 1, 2017, to December 31, 2019. Blood samples were collected within 48 h after the stroke. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) (MOCA < 26) was adopted to define poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) 90 days after stroke onset. Results A total of 264 patients were analyzed in this research 101 (38.30%) patients were clinically diagnosed with PSCI. The PNfL concentration was significantly higher in the PSCI group compared with the non-PSCI group (p < 0.001). The pNfL concentration (OR 1.044; p < 0.001) remained to be a significant predictor for PSCI after a multivariable logistic regression analysis, even after adjusting for factors including age, sex, education background (OR 1.044; p < 0.001), baseline NIHSS, infarct volume, and TOAST classification (OR 1.035; p < 0.001). The diagnostic efficacy of pNfL concentration for PSCI was then explored with a ROC analysis. The optimum pNfL concentration threshold was 38.12 pg/ml, with a sensitivity of 78.20%, a specificity of 66.9%, and an AUC of 0.782 (p < 0.001). Conclusion This research showed that pNfL concentration, independent of established conventional risk factors, could predict the cognitive impairment in 90 days following posterior circulation stroke.
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Lee JM, Park J, Lee JH, Kwak HB, No MH, Heo JW, Kim YJ. Low-intensity treadmill exercise protects cognitive impairment by enhancing cerebellar mitochondrial calcium retention capacity in a rat model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. J Exerc Rehabil 2021; 17:324-330. [PMID: 34805021 PMCID: PMC8566105 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2142544.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is caused by reduced blood flow to the brain representing gradually cognitive impairment. CCH induces mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal cell death in the brain. Exercise is known to have a neuroprotective effect on brain damage and cognitive dysfunction. This study aimed to clarify the neuroprotective effect of low-intensity treadmill exercise (LITE) by enhancing cerebellar mitochondrial calcium retention capacity in an animal model of CCH. Wistar rats were divided into the sham group, the bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (BCCAO) group, and the BCCAO and treadmill exercise (BCCAO+Ex) group. BCCAO+Ex group engaged the LITE on a treadmill for 30 min once a day for 8 weeks before the BCCAO surgery to investigate the protective effect of LITE on cognitive impairment. CCH induced by BCCAO resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction in the cerebellum, including impaired calcium homeostasis. CCH also decreased cerebellar Purkinje cells including of calbindin D28k and parvalbumin, resulting in cognitive impairment. The impairment of mitochondrial function, loss of cerebellar Purkinje cells, and cognitive dysfunction ameliorated by exercise. The present study showed that LITE hindered the deficit of spatial working memory and loss of Purkinje cell in the cerebellum induced by CCH. We confirmed that the protective effect of LITE on Purkinje cell by enhanced the mitochondrial calcium retention capacity. We suggest that LITE may protect against cognitive impairment, and further studies are needed to develop the intervention for patients who suffered from CCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Min Lee
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jongmin Park
- Research Institute of Nursing Science, College of Nursing, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Joo-Hee Lee
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo-Bum Kwak
- Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Mi-Hyun No
- Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jun-Won Heo
- Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Youn-Jung Kim
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Devita M, Alberti F, Fagnani M, Masina F, Ara E, Sergi G, Mapelli D, Coin A. Novel insights into the relationship between cerebellum and dementia: A narrative review as a toolkit for clinicians. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 70:101389. [PMID: 34111569 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The role of the cerebellum in neurodegenerative disorders that target cognitive functions has been a subject of increasing interest over the past years. However, a review focused on making clinicians more aware of the role of the cerebellum in dementia is still missing. This narrative review explores the possible factors explaining the involvement of the cerebellum in different kinds of dementia by providing more insights on how this structure can be relevant in clinical practice. It emerged that, despite overlapping in specific areas, structural cerebellar alterations in dementia show a certain degree of disease-specificity. Furthermore, the relevance of cerebellar changes in dementia is corroborated by correlations observed between their topography and cognitive symptomatology, as well as by its previously ignored involvement of the cerebellum in early stages of dementia. Despite needing further investigations, these findings could become a useful diagnostic aid for clinicians that should not be overlooked, in particular for those individuals who do not show distinct and manifest brain or neuropsychological alterations, but that still make clinicians suspect the presence of a neurocognitive disease.
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Xie Q, Zhang X, Rekik I, Chen X, Mao N, Shen D, Zhao F. Constructing high-order functional connectivity network based on central moment features for diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11692. [PMID: 34268010 PMCID: PMC8269664 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The sliding-window-based dynamic functional connectivity network (D-FCN) has been becoming an increasingly useful tool for understanding the changes of brain connectivity patterns and the association of neurological diseases with these dynamic variations. However, conventional D-FCN is essentially low-order network, which only reflects the pairwise interaction pattern between brain regions and thus overlooking the high-order interactions among multiple brain regions. In addition, D-FCN is innate with temporal sensitivity issue, i.e., D-FCN is sensitive to the chronological order of its subnetworks. To deal with the above issues, we propose a novel high-order functional connectivity network framework based on the central moment feature of D-FCN. Specifically, we firstly adopt a central moment approach to extract multiple central moment feature matrices from D-FCN. Furthermore, we regard the matrices as the profiles to build multiple high-order functional connectivity networks which further capture the higher level and more complex interaction relationships among multiple brain regions. Finally, we use the voting strategy to combine the high-order networks with D-FCN for autism spectrum disorder diagnosis. Experimental results show that the combination of multiple functional connectivity networks achieves accuracy of 88.06%, and the best single network achieves accuracy of 79.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Xie
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong Technology and Business University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangfei Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong Technology and Business University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Islem Rekik
- School of Science and Engineering, Computing, University of Dundee, Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom.,BASIRA Lab, Faculty of Computer and Informatics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Xiaobo Chen
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong Technology and Business University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Ning Mao
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Dinggang Shen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai United Imaging Intelligence Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China.,Department of Artificial Intelligence, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Feng Zhao
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong Technology and Business University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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Billeri L, Naro A. A narrative review on non-invasive stimulation of the cerebellum in neurological diseases. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:2191-2209. [PMID: 33759055 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05187-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The cerebellum plays an important role in motor, cognitive, and affective functions owing to its dense interconnections with basal ganglia and cerebral cortex. This review aimed at summarizing the non-invasive cerebellar stimulation (NICS) approaches used to modulate cerebellar output and treat cerebellar dysfunction in the motor domain. OBSERVATION The utility of NICS in the treatment of cerebellar and non-cerebellar neurological diseases (including Parkinson's disease, dementia, cerebellar ataxia, and stroke) is discussed. NICS induces meaningful clinical effects from repeated sessions alone in both cerebellar and non-cerebellar diseases. However, there are no conclusive data on this issue and several concerns need to be still addressed before NICS could be considered a valuable, standard therapeutic tool. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Even though some challenges must be overcome to adopt NICS in a wider clinical setting, this tool might become a useful strategy to help patients with lesions in the cerebellum and cerebral areas that are connected with the cerebellum whether one could enhance cerebellar activity with the intention of facilitating the cerebellum and the entire, related network, rather than attempting to facilitate a partially damaged cortical region or inhibiting the homologs' contralateral area. The different outcome of each approach would depend on the residual functional reserve of the cerebellum, which is confirmed as a critical element to be probed preliminary in order to define the best patient-tailored NICS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Billeri
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, via Palermo, SS113, Ctr. Casazza, 98124, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Naro
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, via Palermo, SS113, Ctr. Casazza, 98124, Messina, Italy.
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FDG PET/MRI for Visual Detection of Crossed Cerebellar Diaschisis in Patients With Dementia. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2020; 216:165-171. [PMID: 33170738 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.19.22617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depressed regional metabolism and cerebellar blood flow may be caused by dysfunction in anatomically separate but functionally related regions, presumably related to disruption of the corticopontine-cerebellar pathway. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of crossed cerebellar diaschisis (CCD) in patients undergoing 18F-FDG PET/MRI for suspected neurodegenerative disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 75 patients (31 men, 44 women; mean age, 74 years) underwent hybrid FDG PET/MRI for clinical workup of neurodegenerative disease. Images were obtained with an integrated 3-T PET/MRI system. PET surface maps, fused T1-weighted magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo and axial FLAIR/PET images were generated with postprocessing software. Two board-certified neuroradiologists and a nuclear medicine physician blinded to patient history evaluated for pattern of neurodegenerative disease and CCD. RESULTS Qualitative assessment showed that 10 of 75 (7.5%) patients had decreased FDG activity in the cerebellar hemisphere contralateral to the supratentorial cortical hypometabolism consistent with CCD. Six of the 10 patients had characteristic imaging findings of frontotemporal dementia (three behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, two semantic primary progressive aphasia, and one logopenic primary progressive aphasia), three had suspected corticobasal degeneration, and one had Alzheimer dementia. CONCLUSION Our study results suggest that CCD occurs most commonly in frontotemporal dementia, particularly the behavioral variant, and in patients with cortico-basal degeneration. Careful attention to cerebellar metabolism may assist in the clinical evaluation of patients with cognitive impairment undergoing FDG PET/MRI as part of their routine dementia workup.
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Wang D, Yao Q, Yu M, Xiao C, Fan L, Lin X, Zhu D, Tian M, Shi J. Topological Disruption of Structural Brain Networks in Patients With Cognitive Impairment Following Cerebellar Infarction. Front Neurol 2019; 10:759. [PMID: 31379713 PMCID: PMC6659410 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebellar lesions can lead to a series of cognitive and emotional disorders by influencing cerebral activity via cerebro-cerebellar loops. To explore changes in cognitive function and structural brain networks in patients with posterior cerebellar infarction, we conducted the current study using diffusion-weighted MRI (32 cerebellar infarction patients, 29 controls). Moreover, a series of neuropsychological tests were used to assess the subject's cognitive performance. We found cognitive impairment following cerebellar infarction involving multiple cognitive domains, including memory, executive functions, visuospatial abilities, processing speed and language functions, and brain topological abnormalities, including changes in clustering coefficients, shortest path lengths, global efficiency, local efficiencies, betweenness centrality and nodal efficiencies. Our results indicated that measures of local efficiency, mainly in the precuneus, cingulate gyrus and frontal-temporal cortex, were significantly reduced with posterior cerebellar infarction. At the same time, The correlation analysis suggested thatthe abnormal alterations in the right PCG, bilateral DCG, right PCUN may play a core role in the cognitive impairment following cerebellar infarctions. The differences in topological features of the structural brain networks within the cerebro-cerebellar circuits may provide a new approach to explore the pathophysiological mechanisms of cognitive impairment following cerebellar infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duohao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qun Yao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chaoyong Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Fan
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Xingjian Lin
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Donglin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minjie Tian
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingping Shi
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Xia D, Sui R, Min L, Zhang L, Zhang Z. Fastigial nucleus stimulation ameliorates cognitive impairment via modulating autophagy and inflammasomes activation in a rat model of vascular dementia. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:5108-5117. [PMID: 30552710 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongjian Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery The First Affiliated Hospital to Jinzhou Medical University Jinzhou China
| | - Rubo Sui
- Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital to Jinzhou Medical University Jinzhou China
| | - Lianqiu Min
- Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital to Jinzhou Medical University Jinzhou China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital to Jinzhou Medical University Jinzhou China
| | - Zhuang Zhang
- Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital to Jinzhou Medical University Jinzhou China
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Fu X, Lu Z, Wang Y, Huang L, Wang X, Zhang H, Xiao Z. A Clinical Research Study of Cognitive Dysfunction and Affective Impairment after Isolated Brainstem Stroke. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:400. [PMID: 29311895 PMCID: PMC5742202 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the function of the cerebellum in neurocognition has been well-documented, the similar role of the brainstem has yet to be fully elucidated. This clinical research study aimed to combine data relating to neuropsychological assessments and P300 to explore cognitive dysfunction and affective impairment following brainstem stroke. Thirty-four patients with isolated brainstem stroke and twenty-six healthy controls were recruited; for each patient, we collated data pertaining to the P300, Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III (ACE-III), Montreal Cognitive Assessment Chinese version (MoCA), trail-making test (TMT), Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Digit Spans (DS), Stroop test, Self Rating Depression Scale (SDS), and Self Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). Significance was analyzed using an independent T-test or the Mann-Whitney U-test. Correlation was analyzed using Pearson's correlation analysis or Spearman's correlation analysis. Collectively, data revealed that brainstem stroke caused mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and that visuospatial, attention, linguistic, and emotional disturbances may occur after isolated brainstem stroke. Cognitive decline was linked to P300 latency, ACE-III, and MoCA; P300 latency was correlated with ACE-III. Patients with right brainstem lesions were more likely to suffer memory decline. The present study provides initial data relating to the role of the brainstem in neurocognition, and will be useful for further understanding of vascular cognitive and affective impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Fu
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zuneng Lu
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lifang Huang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheman Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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12
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Non-invasive Cerebellar Stimulation: a Promising Approach for Stroke Recovery? THE CEREBELLUM 2017; 17:359-371. [DOI: 10.1007/s12311-017-0906-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Fang Y, Sui R. ELECTROACUPUNCTURE AT THE WANGU ACUPOINT SUPPRESSES EXPRESSION OF INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS OF RATS WITH VASCULAR DEMENTIA. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES : AJTCAM 2016; 13:17-24. [PMID: 28487889 PMCID: PMC5416636 DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v13i5.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Vascular dementia (VD) is the most frequent psychiatric complication of stroke, and is often difficult to treat. Incidence rate of vascular cognition impairment is still 70% after stroke in one year (Sui R et al.2011). Stroke patients with VD suffer from a higher mortality rate and have worse functional outcomes and quality of life. However, despite the extensive literatures on this topic, there is no agreement on the causal mechanisms and effective therapy for VD. The objective of this study is to examine if electroacupuncture at the Wangu acupoint (GB 12), whose position is similar to the cerebellar fastigial nucleus, could reduce inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus of rats with vascular dementia (VD). Materials and Methods: The 54 healthy, male, Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, 9 months old, and of clean grade (300-450) g, were randomly divided into three groups: sham surgery group, VD group and electro-acupuncture group. The ethology scores of VD rats were evaluated and the mRNA expressions of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) in the hippocampus were assessed and the hippocampal tissues were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Results: Compared with the VD group, in the electroacupuncture group, the rats’ learning ability improved significantly and the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β decreased. Simultaneously, the damage extent of nerve cells in the hippocampal tissues decreased, with their morphology recovered to nearly normal. Conclusions: Electro-acupuncture at the Wangu acupoint can decrease the levels of inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus, reduce the damage extent of nerve cells in the hippocampus, and thus provide a new neuroprotective method in VD
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Fang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Rubo Sui
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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Aung HH, Altman R, Nyunt T, Kim J, Nuthikattu S, Budamagunta M, Voss JC, Wilson D, Rutledge JC, Villablanca AC. Lipotoxic brain microvascular injury is mediated by activating transcription factor 3-dependent inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:955-68. [PMID: 27087439 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m061853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the cerebrovasculature plays an important role in vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Lipotoxic injury of the systemic endothelium in response to hydrolyzed triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRLs; TGRL lipolysis products) or a high-fat Western diet (WD) suggests similar mechanisms may be present in brain microvascular endothelium. We investigated the hypothesis that TGRL lipolysis products cause lipotoxic injury to brain microvascular endothelium by generating increased mitochondrial superoxide radical generation, upregulation of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3)-dependent inflammatory pathways, and activation of cellular oxidative stress and apoptotic pathways. Human brain microvascular endothelial cells were treated with human TGRL lipolysis products that induced intracellular lipid droplet formation, mitochondrial superoxide generation, ATF3-dependent transcription of proinflammatory, stress response, and oxidative stress genes, as well as activation of proapoptotic cascades. Male apoE knockout mice were fed a high-fat/high-cholesterol WD for 2 months, and brain microvessels were isolated by laser capture microdissection. ATF3 gene transcription was elevated 8-fold in the hippocampus and cerebellar brain region of the WD-fed animals compared with chow-fed control animals. The microvascular injury phenotypes observed in vitro and in vivo were similar. ATF3 plays an important role in mediating brain microvascular responses to acute and chronic lipotoxic injury and may be an important preventative and therapeutic target for endothelial dysfunction in VCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hnin Hnin Aung
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine School of Medicine
| | - Robin Altman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine School of Medicine
| | - Tun Nyunt
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine School of Medicine
| | - Jeffrey Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine School of Medicine
| | | | - Madhu Budamagunta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine
| | - John C Voss
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine
| | - Dennis Wilson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - John C Rutledge
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine School of Medicine
| | - Amparo C Villablanca
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine School of Medicine
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15
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Baldarçara L, Currie S, Hadjivassiliou M, Hoggard N, Jack A, Jackowski AP, Mascalchi M, Parazzini C, Reetz K, Righini A, Schulz JB, Vella A, Webb SJ, Habas C. Consensus paper: radiological biomarkers of cerebellar diseases. THE CEREBELLUM 2015; 14:175-96. [PMID: 25382714 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-014-0610-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary and sporadic cerebellar ataxias represent a vast and still growing group of diseases whose diagnosis and differentiation cannot only rely on clinical evaluation. Brain imaging including magnetic resonance (MR) and nuclear medicine techniques allows for characterization of structural and functional abnormalities underlying symptomatic ataxias. These methods thus constitute a potential source of radiological biomarkers, which could be used to identify these diseases and differentiate subgroups of them, and to assess their severity and their evolution. Such biomarkers mainly comprise qualitative and quantitative data obtained from MR including proton spectroscopy, diffusion imaging, tractography, voxel-based morphometry, functional imaging during task execution or in a resting state, and from SPETC and PET with several radiotracers. In the current article, we aim to illustrate briefly some applications of these neuroimaging tools to evaluation of cerebellar disorders such as inherited cerebellar ataxia, fetal developmental malformations, and immune-mediated cerebellar diseases and of neurodegenerative or early-developing diseases, such as dementia and autism in which cerebellar involvement is an emerging feature. Although these radiological biomarkers appear promising and helpful to better understand ataxia-related anatomical and physiological impairments, to date, very few of them have turned out to be specific for a given ataxia with atrophy of the cerebellar system being the main and the most usual alteration being observed. Consequently, much remains to be done to establish sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility of available MR and nuclear medicine features as diagnostic, progression and surrogate biomarkers in clinical routine.
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16
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Kang KM, Sohn CH, Kim BS, Kim YI, Choi SH, Yun TJ, Kim JH, Park SW, Cheon GJ, Han MH. Correlation of Asymmetry Indices Measured by Arterial Spin-Labeling MR Imaging and SPECT in Patients with Crossed Cerebellar Diaschisis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2015; 36:1662-8. [PMID: 26228883 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Crossed cerebellar diaschisis, not only a secondary result of supratentorial infarction but also an indicator of clinical outcomes, has frequently been reported on PET and SPECT but has been rarely described with arterial spin-labeling MR imaging. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of arterial spin-labeling MR imaging to evaluate crossed cerebellar diaschisis compared with that of SPECT. To our knowledge, this is the first study to validate arterial spin-labeling in crossed cerebellar diaschisis by using SPECT as a reference standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included 16 patients in whom crossed cerebellar diaschisis was shown on SPECT and 10 control subjects in whom crossed cerebellar diaschisis was not shown on SPECT. During the qualitative analysis, asymmetric cerebellar perfusion on arterial spin-labeling was divided into 1 of the following 3 grades by 2 blinded observers: the affected cerebellum was isointense compared with the unaffected cerebellum (grade I), it was slightly hypointense (grade II), or it was markedly hypointense (grade III). In the quantitative analysis, asymmetry indices were calculated by using SPECT and arterial spin-labeling images. For statistical analysis, κ statistics, the interobserver correlation coefficient, the independent t test, Pearson correlation, and linear regression analysis were used. RESULTS Almost all the diagnoses of crossed cerebellar diaschisis on SPECT were noted on arterial spin-labeling in both qualitative and quantitative analyses with good interobserver agreement (κ = 0.961; interobserver correlation coefficient, 0.806). The mean asymmetry index of arterial spin-labeling (26.06 ± 9.00) was significantly larger than that for SPECT (15.28 ± 5.34; P < .001). There was a significant positive correlation between the asymmetry indices obtained for SPECT and those for arterial spin-labeling (r = 0.77 [95% CI, 0.443-0.916]; P < .001). The relationship of asymmetry indices between SPECT and arterial spin-labeling (x, y) was calculated as y = 6.2131 + 1.2986x (R(2) = 0.592; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Arterial spin-labeling can be a noninvasive alternative to SPECT for evaluating crossed cerebellar diaschisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Kang
- From the Departments of Radiology (K.M.K., C.-H.S., B.S.K., S.H.C., T.J.Y., J.-h.K., M.H.H.) Department of Radiology (K.M.K., C.-H.S., B.S.K., S.H.C., T.J.Y., J.-h.K., S.-W.P., M.H.H.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C-H Sohn
- From the Departments of Radiology (K.M.K., C.-H.S., B.S.K., S.H.C., T.J.Y., J.-h.K., M.H.H.) Department of Radiology (K.M.K., C.-H.S., B.S.K., S.H.C., T.J.Y., J.-h.K., S.-W.P., M.H.H.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea Institute of Radiation Medicine (C.-H.S., S.H.C., M.H.H.), Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - B S Kim
- From the Departments of Radiology (K.M.K., C.-H.S., B.S.K., S.H.C., T.J.Y., J.-h.K., M.H.H.) Department of Radiology (K.M.K., C.-H.S., B.S.K., S.H.C., T.J.Y., J.-h.K., S.-W.P., M.H.H.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y I Kim
- Nuclear Medicine (Y.I.K., G.J.C.), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Choi
- From the Departments of Radiology (K.M.K., C.-H.S., B.S.K., S.H.C., T.J.Y., J.-h.K., M.H.H.) Department of Radiology (K.M.K., C.-H.S., B.S.K., S.H.C., T.J.Y., J.-h.K., S.-W.P., M.H.H.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea Institute of Radiation Medicine (C.-H.S., S.H.C., M.H.H.), Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - T J Yun
- From the Departments of Radiology (K.M.K., C.-H.S., B.S.K., S.H.C., T.J.Y., J.-h.K., M.H.H.) Department of Radiology (K.M.K., C.-H.S., B.S.K., S.H.C., T.J.Y., J.-h.K., S.-W.P., M.H.H.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J-h Kim
- From the Departments of Radiology (K.M.K., C.-H.S., B.S.K., S.H.C., T.J.Y., J.-h.K., M.H.H.) Department of Radiology (K.M.K., C.-H.S., B.S.K., S.H.C., T.J.Y., J.-h.K., S.-W.P., M.H.H.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S-W Park
- Department of Radiology (K.M.K., C.-H.S., B.S.K., S.H.C., T.J.Y., J.-h.K., S.-W.P., M.H.H.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea Department of Radiology (S.-W.P.), Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - G J Cheon
- Nuclear Medicine (Y.I.K., G.J.C.), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M H Han
- From the Departments of Radiology (K.M.K., C.-H.S., B.S.K., S.H.C., T.J.Y., J.-h.K., M.H.H.) Department of Radiology (K.M.K., C.-H.S., B.S.K., S.H.C., T.J.Y., J.-h.K., S.-W.P., M.H.H.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea Institute of Radiation Medicine (C.-H.S., S.H.C., M.H.H.), Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Day RJ, Mason MJ, Thomas C, Poon WW, Rohn TT. Caspase-Cleaved Tau Co-Localizes with Early Tangle Markers in the Human Vascular Dementia Brain. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132637. [PMID: 26161867 PMCID: PMC4498690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common form of dementia in the United States and is characterized as a cerebral vessel vascular disease that leads to ischemic episodes. Whereas the relationship between caspase-cleaved tau and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been previously described, whether caspase activation and cleavage of tau occurs in VaD is presently unknown. To investigate a potential role for caspase-cleaved tau in VaD, we analyzed seven confirmed cases of VaD by immunohistochemistry utilizing a well-characterized antibody that specifically detects caspase-cleaved tau truncated at Asp421. Application of this antibody (TauC3) revealed consistent labeling within NFTs, dystrophic neurites within plaque-rich regions and corpora amylacea (CA) in the human VaD brain. Labeling of CA by the TauC3 antibody was widespread throughout the hippocampus proper, was significantly higher compared to age matched controls, and co-localized with ubiquitin. Staining of the TauC3 antibody co-localized with MC-1, AT8, and PHF-1 within NFTs. Quantitative analysis indicated that roughly 90% of PHF-1-labeled NFTs contained caspase-cleaved tau. In addition, we documented the presence of active caspase-3 within plaques, blood vessels and pretangle neurons that co-localized with TauC3. Collectively, these data support a role for the activation of caspase-3 and proteolytic cleavage of TauC3 in VaD providing further support for the involvement of this family of proteases in NFT pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Day
- Department of Biological Sciences, Science Building, Room 228, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, 83725, United States of America
| | - Maria J. Mason
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, 92697, United States of America
| | - Chloe Thomas
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, 92697, United States of America
| | - Wayne W. Poon
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, 92697, United States of America
| | - Troy T. Rohn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Science Building, Room 228, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, 83725, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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18
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Nagayach A, Patro N, Patro I. Experimentally induced diabetes causes glial activation, glutamate toxicity and cellular damage leading to changes in motor function. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:355. [PMID: 25400546 PMCID: PMC4215794 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Behavioral impairments are the most empirical consequence of diabetes mellitus documented in both humans and animal models, but the underlying causes are still poorly understood. As the cerebellum plays a major role in coordination and execution of the motor functions, we investigated the possible involvement of glial activation, cellular degeneration and glutamate transportation in the cerebellum of rats, rendered diabetic by a single injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 45 mg/kg body weight; intraperitoneally). Motor function alterations were studied using Rotarod test (motor coordination) and grip strength (muscle activity) at 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th, and 12th week post-diabetic confirmation. Scenario of glial (astroglia and microglia) activation, cell death and glutamate transportation was gaged using immunohistochemistry, histological study and image analysis. Cellular degeneration was clearly demarcated in the diabetic cerebellum. Glial cells were showing sequential and marked activation following diabetes in terms of both morphology and cell number. Bergmann glial cells were hypertrophied and distorted. Active caspase-3 positive apoptotic cells were profoundly present in all three cerebellar layers. Reduced co-labeling of GLT-1 and GFAP revealed the altered glutamate transportation in cerebellum following diabetes. These results, exclusively derived from histology, immunohistochemistry and cellular quantification, provide first insight over the associative reciprocity between the glial activation, cellular degeneration and reduced glutamate transportation, which presumably lead to the behavioral alterations following STZ-induced diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Nagayach
- School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji UniversityGwalior, India
| | - Nisha Patro
- School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji UniversityGwalior, India
| | - Ishan Patro
- School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji UniversityGwalior, India
- School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji UniversityGwalior, India
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19
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Chen S, Guan M, Lian HJ, Ma LJ, Shang JK, He S, Ma MM, Zhang ML, Li ZY, Wang MY, Shi DP, Zhang JW. Crossed cerebellar diaschisis detected by arterial spin-labeled perfusion magnetic resonance imaging in subacute ischemic stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2014; 23:2378-83. [PMID: 25183560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crossed cerebellar diaschisis (CCD) was a common radiological phenomenon manifested as reduced blood flow and metabolism in the cerebellar hemisphere contralateral to a supratentorial cerebral lesion. The hypoperfusion and hypometabolism in the contralateral cerebellum in CCD was traditionally detected by positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The present prospective study aimed to assess the detection of CCD in subacute stage ischemic stroke by arterial spin-labeling (ASL) perfusion technique with a 3.0-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. METHODS ASL images were obtained from 46 patients with supratentorial ischemic stroke at subacute stage. Regional cerebral blood flow values in the cerebellar hemispheres were measured on a region of interest basis. RESULTS Twenty-four of 46 (52%) patients showed CCD phenomenon by ASL-MRI method, which was in line with the PET/SPECT series. Infarctions in basal ganglia areas are prone to cause CCD. CONCLUSIONS With advantages in easy acquisition and no radiation, ASL-MRI seems to be an ideal tool for the detection and follow-up of CCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Chen
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Min Guan
- Department of Radiology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hao-Jun Lian
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Li-Jia Ma
- Department of Radiology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jun-Kui Shang
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shuang He
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ming-Ming Ma
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mi-Lan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zi-Yuan Li
- Department of Radiology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mei-Yun Wang
- Department of Radiology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Da-Peng Shi
- Department of Radiology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Jie-Wen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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20
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Rapkin AJ, Berman SM, London ED. The Cerebellum and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder. AIMS Neurosci 2014; 1:120-141. [PMID: 28275721 PMCID: PMC5338637 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2014.2.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum constitutes ten percent of brain volume and contains the majority of brain neurons. Although it was historically viewed primarily as processing motoric computations, current evidence supports a more comprehensive role, where cerebro-cerebellar feedback loops also modulate various forms of cognitive and affective processing. Here we present evidence for a role of the cerebellum in premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), which is characterized by severe negative mood symptoms during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Although a link between menstruation and cyclical dysphoria has long been recognized, neuroscientific investigations of this common disorder have only recently been explored. This article reviews functional and structural brain imaging studies of PMDD and the similar but less well defined condition of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). The most consistent findings are that women with premenstrual dysphoria exhibit greater relative activity than other women in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and posterior lobules VI and VII of the neocerebellum. Since both brain areas have been implicated in emotional processing and mood disorders, working memory and executive functions, this greater activity probably represents coactivation within a cerebro-cerebellar feedback loop regulating emotional and cognitive processing. Some of the evidence suggests that increased activity within this circuit may preserve cerebellar structure during aging, and possible mechanisms and implications of this finding are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J Rapkin
- USA David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Box 951740, 27-139 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Steven M Berman
- Center for Addictive Behaviors, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, 90095 USA
| | - Edythe D London
- Center for Addictive Behaviors, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, 90095 USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, and Brain Research Institute, UCLA, 90095 USA
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21
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Cerebellar dysfunction and cognitive impairments after stroke. Med Hypotheses 2012; 78:821. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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