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Vanremmawii, Lalrinfela, Vanlalpeka H, Lalduhchhungi, Zothansangi, Ralte H. A spectrum of pathological changes induced by SARS-COV-2: An observational study in a cohort of pregnant women from Mizoram, India. GYNECOLOGY AND OBSTETRICS CLINICAL MEDICINE 2023; 3:106-111. [PMID: 38620151 PMCID: PMC10160527 DOI: 10.1016/j.gocm.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Background Maternal infection by SARS-CoV-2 may lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes and causes pathological changes in the placenta. However, consensus regarding characteristic pathological features is lacking. Researchof the placental histopathology in a cohort of women from Mizoram, India, was conducted to relate the SARS-CoV-2 infection's effectswith pregnancy and its outcome. Materials and methods The characteristics of 72 pregnant women diagnosed positive for SARS-CoV-2 who eventually delivered at Zoram Medical College Hospital, Mizoram, neonates' well-being, and histopathological features of placentas were studied. Results Of 72 women in this study, 59 (81.9%) gave birth at full term. Among these births, 5 were normal vaginal deliveries, while the remaining 67 (93.1%) were delivered via cesarean section. The reasons for cesarean delivery were either related to SARS-CoV-2 infection (n = 49), existing obstetric problems (n = 15) or fetal-distress (n = 5). All deliveries resulted in live births of COVID-negative babies, with 80.6% (n = 58) of the newborns having a birth weight of over 2.5 kg. APGAR scores ranged from 4 to 6 in 61 (84.7%) of the babies, and 10 neonates required resuscitation, of which 8 were managed in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The placental histopathology showed increased fibrin thrombi in 8 cases (11.1%), while 20 cases (28%) showed focal infarction, microcalcification levels were elevated in 16 cases (22.2%), and a small percentage of cases (1.4%) exhibited small fibrotic villi and inter-villus agglutination. Placental chorioangiosis was detected in 28 (38.9%) of the cases, while avascular villi were seen in 6 cases. Meconium-stained liquor was observed in a single case. Intervillous hemorrhage was found in 42 cases, whileintervillous inflammation and increased syncytial knots were present in 14 and 5 cases, respectively. The placenta pathology of 10 neonates who required resuscitation/NICU admission was not significantly different from that of the 62 neonates who did not require it. However, a higher proportion of placenta from the asymptomatic group showed no abnormality compared to the symptomatic group (p = 0.046). Conclusion SARS-CoV-2 infection causes a range of morphological changes and lesions in the placenta, including chorangiosis, villositis, chorioamnionitis, fetal vascular malperfusion/thrombosis, fibrin-deposition, increased syncytial-knotting, increased microcalcification, increased villous agglutination, focal infarct, intervilloushemorrhage as well as inflammation. Placental histopathological findings from this study can provide additional information to the existing literature on the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanremmawii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zoram Medical College, India
| | - Lalrinfela
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zoram Medical College, India
| | - Harvey Vanlalpeka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zoram Medical College, India
| | - Lalduhchhungi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zoram Medical College, India
| | - Zothansangi
- Department of Pathology, Zoram Medical College, India
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Gil-Manso S, Miguens Blanco I, Motyka B, Halpin A, López-Esteban R, Pérez-Fernández VA, Carbonell D, López-Fernández LA, West L, Correa-Rocha R, Pion M. ABO blood group is involved in the quality of the specific immune response anti-SARS-CoV-2. Virulence 2022; 13:30-45. [PMID: 34967260 PMCID: PMC9794011 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.2019959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Since December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread throughout the world. To eradicate it, it is crucial to acquire a strong and long-lasting anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity, by either natural infection or vaccination. We collected blood samples 12-305 days after positive polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) from 35 recovered individuals infected by SARS-CoV-2. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with SARS-CoV-2-derived peptide pools, such as the spike (S), nucleocapsid (N) and membrane (M) proteins, and we quantified anti-S immunoglobulins in plasma. After 10 months post-infection, we observed a sustained SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T-cell response directed against M-protein, but responses against S- or N-proteins were lost over time. Besides, we demonstrated that O-group individuals presented significantly lower frequencies of specific CD4+ T-cell responses against Pep-M than non O-group individuals. The non O-group subjects also needed longer to clear the virus, and they lost cellular immune responses over time, compared to the O-group individuals, who showed a persistent specific immune response against SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, the S-specific immune response was lost over time, and individual factors might determine the sustainability of the body's defenses, which must be considered in the future design of vaccines to achieve continuous anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Gil-Manso
- Laboratory of Immune- Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iria Miguens Blanco
- Department of Emergency, Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bruce Motyka
- Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Transplant Institute and Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program; University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anne Halpin
- Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Transplant Institute and Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program; University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rocío López-Esteban
- Laboratory of Immune- Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica Astrid Pérez-Fernández
- Laboratory of Immune- Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Carbonell
- Laboratory of Immune- Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Andrés López-Fernández
- Service of Pharmacy, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital, Spanish Clinical Research Network (SCReN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lori West
- Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Transplant Institute and Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program; University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Surgery, and Laboratory Medicine & Pathology; University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rafael Correa-Rocha
- Laboratory of Immune- Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marjorie Pion
- Laboratory of Immune- Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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The Impact of Sociodemographic, Nutritional, and Health Factors on the Incidence and Complications of COVID-19 in Egypt: A Cross-Sectional Study. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030448. [PMID: 35336855 PMCID: PMC8949451 DOI: 10.3390/v14030448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was intended to explore sociodemographic, nutritional, and health-related factors on the incidence of COVID-19 infection within the Egyptian population by assessing the frequency and determinants of post-COVID-19 symptoms and complications. A cross-sectional study using a structured survey on 15,166 participants was adopted. The results revealed common symptoms including fever (79.1%), cough (74.5%), anosmia& ageusia (68.4%), and dyspnea (66.9%). The patients were nonsmokers (83.9%), while 9.7% were mild smokers. The percentage of infected patients with comorbidities versus those without comorbidities were 29%, 71%, respectively. The highest incidence of infection was in those patients with hypertension (14.8%) and diabetes (10.9%), especially females with age >50 years and obesity (BMI; 30−39.9). The highest risks were observed for anticoagulants in the age above 50 years, morbid obesity, presence of comorbidities, and being a healthcare worker. The predictors of clot risk were in the age above 50 years, non-educated, and eating meat and eggs. Nonetheless, the highest risk of using antidepressants was in patients >50 years and those who traveled abroad. These findings and similarities within the surrounding region, the Middle East, North Africa, and South Europe, indicate the possibility of sharing the same viral strain and characteristics that may predict a similar vaccine efficacy and response.
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Douillard V, Castelli EC, Mack SJ, Hollenbach JA, Gourraud PA, Vince N, Limou S. Current HLA Investigations on SARS-CoV-2 and Perspectives. Front Genet 2021; 12:774922. [PMID: 34912378 PMCID: PMC8667766 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.774922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid, global spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus during the current pandemic has triggered numerous efforts in clinical and research settings to better understand the host genetics' interactions and the severity of COVID-19. Due to the established major role played by MHC/HLA polymorphism in infectious disease course and susceptibility, immunologists and geneticists have teamed up to investigate its contribution to the SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 progression. A major goal of the Covid-19|HLA & Immunogenetics Consortium is to support and unify these efforts. Here, we present a review of HLA immunogenomics studies in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and reflect on the role of various HLA data, their limitation and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venceslas Douillard
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | | | - Steven J. Mack
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jill A. Hollenbach
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Pierre-Antoine Gourraud
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Nicolas Vince
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Sophie Limou
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
- Ecole Centrale de Nantes, Department of Computer Sciences and Mathematics in Biology, Nantes, France
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Veluswamy P, Wacker M, Stavridis D, Reichel T, Schmidt H, Scherner M, Wippermann J, Michels G. The SARS-CoV-2/Receptor Axis in Heart and Blood Vessels: A Crisp Update on COVID-19 Disease with Cardiovascular Complications. Viruses 2021; 13:1346. [PMID: 34372552 PMCID: PMC8310117 DOI: 10.3390/v13071346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus causing COVID-19 disease has emerged expeditiously in the world and has been declared pandemic since March 2020, by World Health Organization (WHO). The destructive effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection are increased among the patients with pre-existing chronic conditions and, in particular, this review focuses on patients with underlying cardiovascular complications. The expression pattern and potential functions of SARS-CoV-2 binding receptors and the attributes of SARS-CoV-2 virus tropism in a physio-pathological state of heart and blood vessel are precisely described. Of note, the atheroprotective role of ACE2 receptors is reviewed. A detailed description of the possible detrimental role of SARS-CoV-2 infection in terms of vascular leakage, including endothelial glycocalyx dysfunction and bradykinin 1 receptor stimulation is concisely stated. Furthermore, the potential molecular mechanisms underlying SARS-CoV-2 induced clot formation in association with host defense components, including activation of FXIIa, complements and platelets, endothelial dysfunction, immune cell responses with cytokine-mediated action are well elaborated. Moreover, a brief clinical update on patient with COVID-19 disease with underlying cardiovascular complications and those who had new onset of cardiovascular complications post-COVID-19 disease was also discussed. Taken together, this review provides an overview of the mechanistic aspects of SARS-CoV-2 induced devastating effects, in vital organs such as the heart and vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Veluswamy
- Heart Surgery Research, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.W.); (D.S.); (M.S.); (J.W.)
| | - Max Wacker
- Heart Surgery Research, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.W.); (D.S.); (M.S.); (J.W.)
| | - Dimitrios Stavridis
- Heart Surgery Research, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.W.); (D.S.); (M.S.); (J.W.)
| | - Thomas Reichel
- Department of Cardiology, Diabetology and Infectiology, Klinikum Magdeburg, 39130 Magdeburg, Germany; (T.R.); (H.S.)
| | - Hendrik Schmidt
- Department of Cardiology, Diabetology and Infectiology, Klinikum Magdeburg, 39130 Magdeburg, Germany; (T.R.); (H.S.)
| | - Maximilian Scherner
- Heart Surgery Research, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.W.); (D.S.); (M.S.); (J.W.)
| | - Jens Wippermann
- Heart Surgery Research, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.W.); (D.S.); (M.S.); (J.W.)
| | - Guido Michels
- Department of Acute and Emergency Care, Sankt Antonius-Hospital Eschweiler, 52249 Eschweiler, Germany;
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Mangal V, Murari T, Vashisht R, Iqbal SM, Meghana K, Gujrathi S, Ambade V, Tilak TVSVGK, Aggarwal V, Manrai M, Verma V, Srinath R, Goel N, Yadav NK, Menon A. Olfactory Dysfunction Among Asymptomatic Patients with SARS CoV2 Infection: A Case-Control Study. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021; 73:212-217. [PMID: 33585178 PMCID: PMC7873509 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-021-02366-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory dysfunction (hyposmia, anosmia) is a well-recognized symptom in patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Studies of olfactory dysfunction in asymptomatic patients have not been reported. We conducted a study looking for the presence of olfactory dysfunction with an objective assessment tool in asymptomatic Covid 19 and compared it with patients with mild COVID-19 and age-matched controls. We recruited 57 male patients each of Mild COVID-19, asymptomatic Covid 19, and healthy controls for the study. All participants underwent evaluation of smell threshold by Butanol Threshold test (BTT) and ability to distinguish common odors by Smell identification test. The scores of each test were recorded on a numerical scale. The participants in all three arms were matched for age, history of smoking, and pre-existing medical conditions. The mean scores of the Butanol Threshold test in Mild COVID-19, asymptomatic Covid 19 and controls were 2.95 ± 2.25 (0-7.5), 3.42 ± 2.23 (0-7.5), and 4.82 ± 1.86 (0-8), respectively. A one-way ANOVA showed a significant difference between groups (df 2, MS 53.78, F 11.94, p < 0.005). Intergroup differences using the student T-test showed significantly low BTT scores in Mild COVID-19 (p < 0.005) and asymptomatic (p < 0.005) as compared to control. BTT scores could not distinguish between asymptomatic patients and control. The smell threshold was impaired in asymptomatic Covid 19 and Mild COVID-19. Butanol Threshold Test score could not differentiate between asymptomatic Covid 19 and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Mangal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra 411040 India
| | - T. Murari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra 411040 India
| | - Rohit Vashisht
- Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra 411040 India
| | - Shaik Mohammad Iqbal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra 411040 India
| | - Kodavati Meghana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra 411040 India
| | - Sagar Gujrathi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra 411040 India
| | - Vivek Ambade
- Department of Biochemistry, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra 411040 India
| | - TVSVGK Tilak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra 411040 India
| | - Vivek Aggarwal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra 411040 India
| | - Manish Manrai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra 411040 India
| | - Vishesh Verma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra 411040 India
| | - Rajagopal Srinath
- Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra 411040 India
| | - Nidhi Goel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra 411040 India
| | - Navin Kumar Yadav
- Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra 411040 India
| | - Anil Menon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra 411040 India
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Mannan A, Mehedi H, Chy N, Qayum MO, Akter F, Rob M, Biswas P, Hossain S, Ayub MI. A multi-centre, cross-sectional study on coronavirus disease 2019 in Bangladesh: clinical epidemiology and short-term outcomes in recovered individuals. New Microbes New Infect 2021; 40:100838. [PMID: 33520252 PMCID: PMC7834423 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2021.100838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rapidly became a global pandemic. This study aimed to investigate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) -associated epidemiology and clinical outcomes in Bangladesh in order to understand the future course of the COVID-19 pandemic and develop approaches to prevention. A cross-sectional study based on retrospective interviews was conducted on 1021 individuals with RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 admitted in six different hospitals in Bangladesh and who recovered 4 weeks before the interview date. Of the 1021 patients, 111 (10.9%) were asymptomatic and the other 910 (89.1%) were symptomatic. Higher prevalence of COVID-19 was found in the male population (75%), in cohorts with B-positive blood group (36.3%) and in the 31-40 years age group. Common symptoms observed in our study participants were fever (72.4%), cough (55.9%), loss of taste (40.7%) and body ache (40%); whereas among the biochemical parameters, neutrophil count (46.4%), D-dimer (46.1%) and ferritin (37.9%) levels were elevated. Among the recovered individuals, short-term outcomes including pains and aches (31.8%), weakened attention span (24.4%) and anxiety or depression (23.1%) were also significantly prevalent in the symptomatic cases with comorbidities. Our study showed that in Bangladesh, adult males aged between 31 and 40 years were more vulnerable to developing COVID-19. It also indicated a rising trend of asymptomatic cases as the pandemic progressed. As a consequence, deployment of interventions to curb further spread of community infection is necessary to avoid grave outcomes of COVID-19 in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Mannan
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - H.M.H. Mehedi
- Department of Medicine, 250 bedded General Hospital, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - N.U.H.A. Chy
- Health Economics Research Group, Department of Economics, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Md. O. Qayum
- Curator, Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control & Research (IEDCR), Dhaka
| | - F. Akter
- Department of Endocrinology, Chittagong Medical College, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - M.A. Rob
- Department of Medicine, 250 bedded General Hospital, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - P. Biswas
- Department of Pathology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - S. Hossain
- Corona Unit, Dhaka Mohanagar General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M. Ibn Ayub
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Ramna, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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