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Bosco Mofatto PM, Cosenza A, Di Trapani D, Mannina G. Reducing biosolids from a membrane bioreactor system: Assessing the effects on carbon and nutrient removal, membrane fouling and greenhouse gas emissions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 354:120345. [PMID: 38401496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
This study presents the effects on carbon and nutrient removal, membrane fouling and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of an Oxic-Settling-Anaerobic (OSA) - Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) pilot plant fed with real wastewater. The influence of three sludge return internal ratios (IR) was investigated by testing 45, 75 and 100%. The results showed that with the increase of IR, the biological sludge production substantially decreased by 85.8% due to the combination of cell lysis and endogenous metabolism. However, a worsening of ammonia removal efficiencies occurred (from 94.5 % to 84.7 with an IR value of 45 and 100%, respectively) mostly due to the ammonia release caused by cell lysis under anaerobic conditions. The N2O emission factor increased with the rise of IR (namely, from 2.17% to 2.54% of the total influent nitrogen). In addition, a variation of carbon footprint (CF) (0.78, 0.62 and 0.75 kgCO2eq m-3 with 45, 75 and 100% IR, respectively) occurred with IR mainly due to the different energy consumption and carbon oxidation during the three periods. The study's relevance is to address the optimal operating conditions in view of reducing sludge production. In this light, the need to identify a trade-off between the advantages of reducing sludge production and the disadvantages of increasing membrane fouling and GHG emissions must be identified in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alida Cosenza
- Engineering Department, Palermo University, Viale delle Scienze, Bdg. 8, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniele Di Trapani
- Engineering Department, Palermo University, Viale delle Scienze, Bdg. 8, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giorgio Mannina
- Engineering Department, Palermo University, Viale delle Scienze, Bdg. 8, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
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Gulhan H, Cosenza A, Mannina G. Modelling greenhouse gas emissions from biological wastewater treatment by GPS-X: The full-scale case study of Corleone (Italy). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167327. [PMID: 37748617 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) can affect climate change and must be measured and reduced. Mathematical modelling is an attractive solution to get a tool for GHG mitigation. However, although many efforts have been made to create reliable tools that can simulate "sustainable" full-scale WWTP operation, these studies are not considered complete enough to include GHG emissions and energy consumption of biological processes under long-term dynamic conditions. In this study, activated sludge model no. 1 (ASM1) was modified to model nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions with a plant-wide modelling approach. The model is novel compared to the state of the art since it includes three steps denitrification, all N2O production pathways and its stripping in an ASM1. The model has been calibrated and validated through long-term water quality and short-term N2O emissions data collected from Corleone (Italy) WWTP. Different dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations and return sludge (RAS) ratios were tested with dynamic simulations to optimise the full-scale WWTP. The scenarios have been compared synergistically with effluent quality, direct GHG emissions, and energy footprint by the water-energy‑carbon coupling index (WECCI). This modelling study is novel as it fully covers long-term calibration/validation of the model with N2O measurements and tests the dynamic optimisation. Decision-makers and operators can use this new model to optimise GHG emissions and treatment costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazal Gulhan
- Engineering Department, Palermo University, Viale delle Scienze, Build. 8, 90128 Palermo, Italy; Environmental Engineering Department, Civil Engineering Faculty, Istanbul Technical University, Ayazaga Campus, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alida Cosenza
- Engineering Department, Palermo University, Viale delle Scienze, Build. 8, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Mannina
- Engineering Department, Palermo University, Viale delle Scienze, Build. 8, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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Li Z, Yang X, Chen H, Du M, Ok YS. Modeling nitrous oxide emissions in membrane bioreactors: Advancements, challenges and perspectives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:151394. [PMID: 34740645 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) have become a well-established wastewater treatment technology owing to their extraordinary efficiency and low space advantage over conventional activated sludge processes. Although the extended activated sludge models can predict the general trend of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in MBRs, the simulation results usually deviate from the actual values. This review critically evaluates the recent advances in the modeling of N2O emissions in MBRs, and proposes future directions for the development and improvement of models that better match the MBR characteristics. The quantitative impact of MBR characteristics on N2O emissions is identified as a key knowledge gap demanding urgent attention. Accurately clarification of the N2O emission pathways governed by MBR characteristics is essential to improve the reliability and practicability of existing models. This article lays a momentous foundation for the optimization of N2O models in MBRs, and proposes new demands for the next-generation model. The contents will assist academics and engineers in developing N2O production models for accurate prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Li
- College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
| | - Mingyang Du
- College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute (OJERI), Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Taghizadeh M, Taghizadeh A, Vatanpour V, Ganjali MR, Saeb MR. Deep eutectic solvents in membrane science and technology: Fundamental, preparation, application, and future perspective. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Mannina G, Ni BJ, Ferreira Rebouças T, Cosenza A, Olsson G. Minimizing membrane bioreactor environmental footprint by multiple objective optimization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 302:122824. [PMID: 32000132 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a modelling study aimed at minimizing the environmental foot print of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) for wastewater treatment. Specifically, an integrated model for MBR was employed in view of the management optimization of an MBR biological nutrient removal (BNR) pilot plant in terms of operational costs and direct greenhouse gases emissions. The influence of the operational parameters (OPs) on performance indicators (PIs) was investigated by adopting the Extended-FAST sensitivity analysis method. Further, a multi-objective analysis was performed by applying the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The results show-up that the sludge retention time is the OP mostly affecting all the investigated PIs. By applying the set of optimal OPs, there was a reduction of 48% and 10% of the operational costs and direct emissions, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Mannina
- Engineering Department, Palermo University, Viale delle Scienze, Ed.8, 90128 Palermo, Italy; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, 26 Jinjing Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | | | - Alida Cosenza
- Engineering Department, Palermo University, Viale delle Scienze, Ed.8, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Gustaf Olsson
- Department of Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation (IEA), Lund University, Box 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
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Mannina G, Cosenza A, Rebouças TF. Aeration control in membrane bioreactor for sustainable environmental footprint. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 301:122734. [PMID: 31954967 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study different scenarios were scrutinized to minimize the energy consumption of a membrane bioreactor system for wastewater treatment. Open-loop and closed-loop scenarios were investigated by two-step cascade control strategies based on dissolved oxygen, ammonia and nitrite concentrations. An integrated MBR model which includes also the greenhouse gas formation/emission processes was applied. A substantial energy consumption reduction was obtained for the closed-loop scenarios (32% for Scenario 1 and 82% for Scenario 2). The air flow control based on both ammonia and nitrite concentrations within the aerobic reactor (Scenario 2) provided excellent results in terms of reduction of operating cost reduction (64%), direct (10%) and indirect (81%) emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Mannina
- Engineering Department, Viale delle Scienze, Ed.8, 90128 Palermo, Italy; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Alida Cosenza
- Engineering Department, Viale delle Scienze, Ed.8, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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Daudt GC, Xavier JA, Meotti B, Guimarães LB, Costa RHRD. RESEARCHING NEW WAYS TO REDUCE N2O EMISSION FROM A GRANULAR SLUDGE SEQUENCING BATCH REACTOR TREATING DOMESTIC WASTEWATER UNDER SUBTROPICAL CLIMATE CONDITIONS. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20190361s20170566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Mannina G, Cosenza A, Ekama G. Mathematical modelling of greenhouse gas emissions from membrane bioreactors: A comprehensive comparison of two mathematical models. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 268:107-115. [PMID: 30077166 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.07.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper compares two mathematical models (Model I and Model II) to predict greenhouse gases emission from a University Cape Town (UCT) - membrane bioreactor (MBR) plant. Model I considers N2O production only during denitrification. Model II takes into account the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) formation pathways for N2O. Both models were calibrated adopting real data. Model comparison was performed in terms of (i) sensitivity analysis (ii) best fit and (iii) model prediction uncertainty. On average 6% of factors of Model I and 9% of Model II resulted to be important. In terms of best fit, Model II had a better capability of reproducing the measured data. The average efficiency related to the N2O model outputs was equal to 0.33 and 0.38 for Model I and Model II, respectively. On average, 73% (Model I) and 86% (Model II) of measured data lay inside the uncertainty bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Mannina
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Aerospaziale, dei Materiali, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 8, 90100 Palermo, Italy; Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Alida Cosenza
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Aerospaziale, dei Materiali, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 8, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - George Ekama
- Future Water Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7700 Cape, South Africa
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Mannina G, Capodici M, Cosenza A, Di Trapani D, Olsson G. Greenhouse gas emissions and the links to plant performance in a fixed-film activated sludge membrane bioreactor - Pilot plant experimental evidence. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 241:1145-1151. [PMID: 28579177 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study explores the interlinkages among the operational variables of a University of Cape Town (UCT) Integrated Fixed Film Activated Sludge (IFAS) membrane bioreactor (MBR) pilot plant. Specifically, dedicated experimental tests were carried out with the final aim to find-out a constitutive relationship among operational costs (OCs), effluent quality index (EQI), effluent fines (EF). Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were also included in the study. Results showed that the EQI increases at low flow rate likely due to the dissolved oxygen (DO) limitation in the biological processes. Direct GHGs increase with the increasing of the air flow due to the anoxic N2O contribution. Irreversible membrane fouling reduce from 98% to 85% at the air flow rate of 0.57m3h-1 and 2.56m3h-1, respectively. However, the increase of the air flow rate leads to the increase of the N2O-N flux emitted from the MBR (from 40% to 80%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Mannina
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Aerospaziale, dei Materiali, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 8, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Capodici
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Aerospaziale, dei Materiali, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 8, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alida Cosenza
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Aerospaziale, dei Materiali, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 8, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniele Di Trapani
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Aerospaziale, dei Materiali, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 8, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Gustaf Olsson
- Department of Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation (IEA), Lund University, Box 118, SE-22100Ole Römers väg 1, Lund, Sweden
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Mannina G, Cosenza A, Ekama GA. Greenhouse gases from membrane bioreactors: Mathematical modelling, sensitivity and uncertainty analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 239:353-367. [PMID: 28531861 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study a new mathematical model to quantify greenhouse gas emissions (namely, carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide) from membrane bioreactors (MBRs) is presented. The model has been adopted to predict the key processes of a pilot plant with pre-denitrification MBR scheme, filled with domestic and saline wastewater. The model was calibrated by adopting an advanced protocol based on an extensive dataset. In terms of nitrous oxide, the results show that an important role is played by the half saturation coefficients related to nitrogen removal processes and the model factors affecting the oxygen transfer rate in the aerobic and MBR tanks. Uncertainty analysis showed that for the gaseous model outputs 88-93% of the measured data lays inside the confidence bands showing an accurate model prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Mannina
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Aerospaziale, dei Materiali, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed.8, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alida Cosenza
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Aerospaziale, dei Materiali, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed.8, 90100 Palermo, Italy.
| | - George A Ekama
- Water Research Group, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7700 Cape, South Africa
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Kim M, Wu G, Yoo C. Quantification of nitrous oxide (N 2O) emissions and soluble microbial product (SMP) production by a modified AOB-NOB-N 2O-SMP model. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 227:227-238. [PMID: 28038400 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A modified AOB-NOB-N2O-SMP model able to quantify nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and soluble microbial product (SMP) production during wastewater treatment is proposed. The modified AOB-NOB-N2O-SMP model takes into account: (1) two-step nitrification by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), (2) N2O production by AOB denitrification under oxygen-limited conditions and (3) SMP production by microbial growth and endogenous respiration. Validity of the modified model is demonstrated by comparing the simulation results with experimental data from lab-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). To reliably implement the modified model, a model calibration that adjusts model parameters to fit the model outputs to the experimental data is conducted. The results of this study showed that the modeling accuracy of the modified AOB-NOB-N2O-SMP model increases by 19.7% (NH4), 51.0% (NO2), 57.8% (N2O) and 16.7% (SMP) compared to the conventional model which does not consider the two-step nitrification and SMP production by microbial endogenous respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- MinJeong Kim
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Center for Environmental Studies, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea; Korea Railroad Research Institute, 76, Cheoldobangmulgwan-ro, Uiwang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Guangxue Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (MARC) of Shenzhen, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - ChangKyoo Yoo
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Center for Environmental Studies, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea.
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Mannina G, Ekama G, Caniani D, Cosenza A, Esposito G, Gori R, Garrido-Baserba M, Rosso D, Olsson G. Greenhouse gases from wastewater treatment - A review of modelling tools. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 551-552:254-270. [PMID: 26878638 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide and methane are greenhouse gases (GHG) emitted from wastewater treatment that contribute to its carbon footprint. As a result of the increasing awareness of GHG emissions from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), new modelling, design, and operational tools have been developed to address and reduce GHG emissions at the plant-wide scale and beyond. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art and the recently developed tools used to understand and manage GHG emissions from WWTPs, and discusses open problems and research gaps. The literature review reveals that knowledge on the processes related to N2O formation, especially due to autotrophic biomass, is still incomplete. The literature review shows also that a plant-wide modelling approach that includes GHG is the best option for the understanding how to reduce the carbon footprint of WWTPs. Indeed, several studies have confirmed that a wide vision of the WWPTs has to be considered in order to make them more sustainable as possible. Mechanistic dynamic models were demonstrated as the most comprehensive and reliable tools for GHG assessment. Very few plant-wide GHG modelling studies have been applied to real WWTPs due to the huge difficulties related to data availability and the model complexity. For further improvement in GHG plant-wide modelling and to favour its use at large real scale, knowledge of the mechanisms involved in GHG formation and release, and data acquisition must be enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Mannina
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Aerospaziale, dei Materiali, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90100 Palermo, Italy.
| | - George Ekama
- Water Research Group, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7700 Cape, South Africa
| | - Donatella Caniani
- Department of Engineering and Physics of the Environment, University of Basilicata, viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Alida Cosenza
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Aerospaziale, dei Materiali, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and the Southern Lazio, Via Di Biasio, 43, 03043 Cassino, FR, Italy
| | - Riccardo Gori
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Florence, Via Santa Marta 3, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Manel Garrido-Baserba
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA
| | - Diego Rosso
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA; Water-Energy Nexus Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA
| | - Gustaf Olsson
- Department of Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation (IEA), Lund University, Box 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
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Towards A New Decision Support System for Design, Management and Operation of Wastewater Treatment Plants for the Reduction of Greenhouse Gases Emission. WATER 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/w7105599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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