1
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Jiang S, Huang L, Chen H, Zhao J, Ly TH. Unraveling the Atomistic Mechanisms Underlying Effective Reverse Osmosis Filtration by Graphene Oxide Membranes. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2400323. [PMID: 38940224 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The graphene oxide (GO) membrane displays promising potential in efficiently filtering ions from water. However, the precise mechanism behind its effectiveness remains elusive, particularly due to the lack of direct experimental evidence at the atomic scale. To shed light on this matter, state-of-the-art techniques are employed such as integrated differential phase contrast-scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy, combined with reverse osmosis (RO) filtration experiments using GO membranes. The atomic-scale observations after the RO experiments directly reveal the binding of various ions including Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Fe3+ to the defects, edges, and functional groups of GO. The remarkable ion-sieving capabilities of GO membranes are confirmed, which can be attributed to a synergistic interplay of size exclusion, electrostatic interactions, cation-π, and other non-covalent interactions. Moreover, GO membranes modified by external pressure and cation also demonstrated further enhanced filtration performance for filtration. This study significantly contributes by uncovering the atomic-scale mechanism responsible for ion sieving in GO membranes. These findings not only enhance the fundamental understanding but also hold substantial potential for the advancement of GO membranes in reverse osmosis (RO) filtration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518000, China
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Lingli Huang
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518000, China
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Honglin Chen
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Jiong Zhao
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Thuc Hue Ly
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518000, China
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
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2
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Zhou X, Taylor RF, Shi L, Xie C, Bian B, Logan BE. Reducing Chloride Ion Permeation during Seawater Electrolysis Using Double-Polyamide Thin-Film Composite Membranes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:391-399. [PMID: 38147515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Low-cost polyamide thin-film composite membranes are being explored as alternatives to expensive cation exchange membranes for seawater electrolysis. However, transport of chloride from seawater to the anode chamber must be reduced to minimize the production of chlorine gas. A double-polyamide composite structure was created that reduced the level of chloride transport. Adding five polyamide layers on the back of a conventional polyamide composite membrane reduced the chloride ion transport by 53% and did not increase the applied voltage. Decreased chloride permeation was attributed to enhanced electrostatic and steric repulsion created by the new polyamide layers. Charge was balanced through increased sodium ion transport (52%) from the anolyte to the catholyte rather than through a change in the transport of protons and hydroxides. As a result, the Nernstian loss arising from the pH difference between the anolyte and catholyte remained relatively constant during electrolysis despite membrane modifications. This lack of a change in pH showed that transport of protons and hydroxides during electrolysis was independent of salt ion transport. Therefore, only sodium ion transport could compensate for the reduction of chloride flux to maintain the set current. Overall, these results prove the feasibility of using a double-polyamide structure to control chloride permeation during seawater electrolysis without sacrificing energy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechen Zhou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Rachel F Taylor
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Le Shi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Chenghan Xie
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Bin Bian
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Bruce E Logan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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3
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Wang L, Cao T, Pataroque KE, Kaneda M, Biesheuvel PM, Elimelech M. Significance of Co-ion Partitioning in Salt Transport through Polyamide Reverse Osmosis Membranes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:3930-3939. [PMID: 36815574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Salt permeability of polyamide reverse osmosis (RO) membranes has been shown to increase with increasing feed salt concentration. The dependence of salt permeability on salt concentration has been attributed to the variation of salt partitioning with feed salt concentration. However, studies using various analytical techniques revealed that the salt (total ion) partitioning coefficient decreases with increasing salt concentration, in marked contrast to the observed increase in salt permeability. Herein, we thoroughly investigate the dependence of total ion and co-ion partitioning coefficients on salt concentration and solution pH. The salt partitioning is measured using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), while the co-ion partitioning is calculated from the measured salt partitioning using a modified Donnan theory. Our results demonstrate that the co-ion and total ion partitioning behave entirely differently with increasing salt concentrations. Specifically, the co-ion partitioning increased fourfold, while total ion partitioning decreased by 60% as the salt (NaCl) concentration increased from 100 to 800 mM. The increase in co-ion partitioning with increasing salt concentration is in accordance with the increasing trend of salt permeability in RO experiments. We further show that the dependence of salt and co-ion partitioning on salt concentration is much more pronounced at a higher solution pH. The good co-ion exclusion (GCE) model─derived from the solution-friction model─is used to calculate the salt permeability based on the co-ion partitioning coefficients. Our results show that the GCE model predicts the salt permeabilities in RO experiments relatively well, indicating that co-ion partitioning, not salt partitioning, governs salt transport through RO membranes. Our study provides an in-depth understanding of ion partitioning in polyamide RO membranes and its relationship with salt transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8286, United States
| | - Tianchi Cao
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8286, United States
| | - Kevin E Pataroque
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8286, United States
| | - Masashi Kaneda
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8286, United States
| | - P Maarten Biesheuvel
- European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Wetsus, Leeuwarden 8911 MA, The Netherlands
| | - Menachem Elimelech
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8286, United States
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4
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Nickerson TR, Antonio EN, McNally DP, Toney MF, Ban C, Straub AP. Unlocking the potential of polymeric desalination membranes by understanding molecular-level interactions and transport mechanisms. Chem Sci 2023; 14:751-770. [PMID: 36755730 PMCID: PMC9890600 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04920a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyamide reverse osmosis (PA-RO) membranes achieve remarkably high water permeability and salt rejection, making them a key technology for addressing water shortages through processes including seawater desalination and wastewater reuse. However, current state-of-the-art membranes suffer from challenges related to inadequate selectivity, fouling, and a poor ability of existing models to predict performance. In this Perspective, we assert that a molecular understanding of the mechanisms that govern selectivity and transport of PA-RO and other polymer membranes is crucial to both guide future membrane development efforts and improve the predictive capability of transport models. We summarize the current understanding of ion, water, and polymer interactions in PA-RO membranes, drawing insights from nanofiltration and ion exchange membranes. Building on this knowledge, we explore how these interactions impact the transport properties of membranes, highlighting assumptions of transport models that warrant further investigation to improve predictive capabilities and elucidate underlying transport mechanisms. We then underscore recent advances in in situ characterization techniques that allow for direct measurements of previously difficult-to-obtain information on hydrated polymer membrane properties, hydrated ion properties, and ion-water-membrane interactions as well as powerful computational and electrochemical methods that facilitate systematic studies of transport phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha R. Nickerson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado BoulderBoulderCO 80309USA
| | - Emma N. Antonio
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado BoulderBoulderCO 80309USA,Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado BoulderBoulderCO 80309USA
| | - Dylan P. McNally
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado BoulderBoulderCO 80309USA
| | - Michael F. Toney
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado BoulderBoulderCO 80309USA,Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado BoulderBoulderCO 80309USA,Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado BoulderBoulderCO 80309USA
| | - Chunmei Ban
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO 80309 USA .,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO 80309 USA
| | - Anthony P. Straub
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado BoulderBoulderCO 80309USA,Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado BoulderBoulderColorado 80309USA
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Duan X, Wang Q, Ning Z, Tu S, Li Y, Sun C, Zhao X, Chang L. Fabrication and Characterization of PEG-In2O3 Modified PbO2 Anode for Electrochemical Degradation of Metronidazole. Electrochim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.141919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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6
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Stafford CM, Guan X, Qi Y, Zhang Y, Liu X. Tuning the surface functionality of polyamide films via termination reaction in molecular layer-by-layer deposition. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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7
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Re-thinking polyamide thin film formation: How does interfacial destabilization dictate film morphology? J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Valério MB, Santos LEG, Carvalho LJ, Reznik LY, Silva ALN. Barrier behavior evaluation of polyamide 12 nanoclay composite to offshore application by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Murilo B. Valério
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Macromoléculas Professora Eloisa Mano, IMA/UFRJ Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Larissa E. G. Santos
- Escola de Química, Departamento de Processos Inorgânicos, DPI/EQ Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Ladimir J. Carvalho
- Escola de Química, Departamento de Processos Inorgânicos, DPI/EQ Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Leila Y. Reznik
- Escola de Química, Departamento de Processos Inorgânicos, DPI/EQ Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia Nazareth Silva
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Macromoléculas Professora Eloisa Mano, IMA/UFRJ Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de Engenharia Ambiental, PEA/UFRJ Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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9
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Stolov M, Keisar O, Cohen Y, Freger V. Elucidating the Effect of Aliphatic Molecular Plugs on Ion-Rejecting Properties of Polyamide Membranes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:13335-13343. [PMID: 35263078 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polyamide RO membranes are widely used for seawater desalination owing to their high salt rejection and water permeability; however, improved selectivity-permeability trade-off is still desired. "Molecular plugs," small molecules immobilized within the polyamide structure, offer an attractive approach; however, their overall effect on polyamide physicochemical properties poses many questions. Here, we analyze the effect of decylamine, a promising plug, and a few charged and uncharged mimics on polyamide films using several in situ techniques. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) reveals a complex pH-dependent response, whereby, upon exposure to amine solution, conductivity first rapidly drops; however, under alkaline conditions, when amine is uncharged, the trend subsequently slowly reverses, and conductivity increases. This slow reversal was observed for noncharged alcohols of similar size as well, but not for larger surfactant molecules. The reversal was assigned to the uptake of plug molecules within polyamide, as opposed to the fast initial drop assigned to surface adsorption. EIS and quartz-crystal microbalance (QCM) results showed that exposure to decylamine under alkaline conditions ultimately led to an irreversible decrease in conductivity, that is, stronger ion rejection, remaining after re-exposure of polyamide to amine-free buffer. This suggests that plug uptake within polyamide resulted in polymer stress, indeed observed in surface stress measurements, and subsequent relaxation. The results indicate that the moderate size of decylamine and conditions minimizing its charge were optimal for irreversible change; however, charge interactions helped maximize its binding within polymer and induce the desired sustained change in selectivity. The results have many potential implications for improving current membrane desalination technology and increasing inherent membrane selectivity toward hard-to-remove species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Stolov
- Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - IIT, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Or Keisar
- Nancy and Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion - IIT, Haifa 32000, Israel
- Nuclear Research Centre-Negev, P.O.B. 9001, Be'er Sheva 84190, Israel
| | - Yair Cohen
- Nuclear Research Centre-Negev, P.O.B. 9001, Be'er Sheva 84190, Israel
| | - Viatcheslav Freger
- Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - IIT, Haifa 32000, Israel
- Nancy and Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion - IIT, Haifa 32000, Israel
- Grand Water Research Institute, Technion - IIT, Haifa 32000, Israel
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10
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Mohona TM, Dai N, Nalam PC. Comparative Degradation Kinetics Study of Polyamide Thin Films in Aqueous Solutions of Chlorine and Peracetic Acid Using Quartz Crystal Microbalance. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:14214-14227. [PMID: 34793175 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polyamide thin film composite membranes are widely used in water reclamation. Peracetic acid (PAA) is an emerging wastewater disinfectant with a potential for membrane cleaning and disinfection; however, its interaction with polyamide remains poorly understood. This study employs quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) to determine the PAA-induced degradation kinetics of polyamide thin films, in comparison with the conventional disinfectant-free chlorine (HOCl). Polyamide films showed a sorption phase followed by a degradation phase when exposed to PAA (1000 mg L-1) and HOCl (100 mg L-1) solutions. While the sorption phase in HOCl experiments was short (1.4-3.5 min) and followed a Boltzmann-sigmoidal model, it spanned over 3-33 h in PAA experiments and displayed a two-stage behavior. The latter kinetics are attributed to sequential processes of the physical sorption of PAA in polyamide films followed by PAA-induced polyamide oxidation. In the degradation phase, the HOCl-exposed films followed a rapid, two-step exponential decay reaching an equilibrium mass of ∼50% of the initial (wet) mass after ∼5 h of exposure. In contrast, the PAA-exposed films followed a Boltzmann-sigmoidal decay, with ∼80% of the initial (wet) mass remaining intact after >10 h of exposure. Fast force maps generated using atomic force microscopy showed a progressive increase in the morphological heterogeneity of the polyamide films in HOCl solution due to pitting, cracking, bulging, and eventual delamination under both flow and no-flow conditions. In contrast, PAA only formed small pits on the polyamide film under flow; in a stagnant PAA solution, the film had no visible changes even after ∼148 h of exposure. This is the first comparative study on the chemical and morphological changes in polyamide films induced by PAA and HOCl. The much higher compatibility of polyamide with PAA than with chlorine supports the potential of PAA being used as a halogen-free membrane cleaning/disinfecting agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tashfia M Mohona
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Ning Dai
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Prathima C Nalam
- Department of Materials Design and Innovation, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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12
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Li YJ, Chen GE, Liu LJ, Xu ZL, Xu SJ, Xie HY, Chen Z, Wan JJ. Designing of a novel polyvinylidene fluoride/TiO 2/UiO-66-NH 2 membrane with photocatalytic antifouling properties using modified zirconium-based metal-organic framework. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 84:2380-2393. [PMID: 34810318 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Novel polyvinylidene fluoride/TiO2/UiO-66-NH2 (PVDF/TiUN) membranes were produced by the delay phase separation method via introducing the TiO2/UiO-66-NH2 (TiUN) nanocomposite into PVDF casting solution. Interconnection of TiO2 and UiO-66-NH2 improved photocatalysis capacity and endowed PVDF/TiUN membranes with self-cleaning capability. Quantitative measurements showed that, firstly, PVDF/TiUN membranes exhibited improved photodegradation kinetics and efficiency (up to 88.1%) to Rhodamine B (RhB). Secondly, the performances of bovine serum albumin (BSA) rejection and permeation of PVDF/TiUN membranes outperformed those of other check samples, indicating enhanced hydrophilicity. Thirdly, rejection rate of BSA reached a breathtaking 98.14% and flux recovery ratio (FRR) of BSA reached a breathtaking 95.37%. Thus, given their excellent anti-contamination property and separation performance, the PVDF/TiUN membrane is very likely to be a novel water treatment membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jing Li
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China E-mail:
| | - Gui-E Chen
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China E-mail:
| | - Lian-Jing Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China E-mail:
| | - Zhen-Liang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Membrane Science and Engineering R&D Lab, Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Sun-Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Membrane Science and Engineering R&D Lab, Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Huan-Yin Xie
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China E-mail:
| | - Zhen Chen
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China E-mail:
| | - Jia-Jun Wan
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China E-mail:
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13
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Ramalingam K, Wei Q, Chen F, Shen K, Liang M, Dai J, Hou X, Ru Q, Babu G, He Q, Ajayan PM. Achieving High-Quality Freshwater from a Self-Sustainable Integrated Solar Redox-Flow Desalination Device. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2100490. [PMID: 34160139 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202100490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Solar-assisted electrochemical desalination has offered a new energy-water nexus technology for sustainable development in recent studies. However, only a few reports have demonstrated insufficient photocurrent, a low salt removal rate, and poor stability. In this study, a high-quality freshwater level of 5-10 ppm (from an initial feed of 10 000 ppm), an enhanced salt removal rate (217.8 µg cm-2 min-1 of NaCl), and improved cycling and long-term stability are achieved by integrating dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and redox-flow desalination (RFD) under light irradiation without additional electrical energy consumption. The DSSC redox electrolyte (I- /I3- ) is circulated between the photoanode (N719/TiO2 ) and intermediate electrode (graphite paper). Two DSSCs in parallel or series connections are directly coupled to the RFD device. Overall, this hybrid system can be used to boost photo electrochemical desalination technology. The energy-water nexus technology will open a new route for dual-role devices with photodesalination functions without energy consumption and solar-to-electricity generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthick Ramalingam
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Efficient Green Energy and Environment Protection Materials, School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Efficient Green Energy and Environment Protection Materials, School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Fuming Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Efficient Green Energy and Environment Protection Materials, School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Kaixiang Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Efficient Green Energy and Environment Protection Materials, School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Mengjun Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Efficient Green Energy and Environment Protection Materials, School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jinhong Dai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Efficient Green Energy and Environment Protection Materials, School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xianhua Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Efficient Green Energy and Environment Protection Materials, School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qiang Ru
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Efficient Green Energy and Environment Protection Materials, School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ganguli Babu
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Department Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA
| | - Qinyu He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Efficient Green Energy and Environment Protection Materials, School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Pulickel M Ajayan
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Department Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA
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14
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Lu B, Xiao T, Xu Y, Diao X, Zhai J. Kinetic Process of an Alkaline Earth Metal Ion Transmembrane through ZIF-8. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:5587-5592. [PMID: 34109791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The confinement effect of biological ion channels regulates the transport of molecules and ions due to angstrom-sized pores. The structure of the potassium channel has a selection region (3-4 Å), a cavity (10 Å), and a gated region, while ZIF-8 has intrinsic pores with a 3.4 Å aperture and an 11.6 Å cavity similar to those of the potassium channel. Inspired by this, we constructed the glass/ZIF-8 hybrid membrane through an electrochemical growth process to explore the kinetics of the ion transmembrane by I-V curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. These complementary approaches yield highly correlated results that show that ion transportation of the ZIF-8 membrane follows Arrhenius behavior. The rates of ions are controlled by the transmembrane activation energy, in which the ionic charge and radius play an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Tianliang Xiao
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yanglei Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Xungang Diao
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
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Liang Y, Gao F, Wang L, Lin S. In-situ monitoring of polyelectrolytes adsorption kinetics by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy: Application in fabricating nanofiltration membranes via layer-by-layer deposition. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey M. Geise
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
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17
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Property Characterization and Mechanism Analysis of Polyoxometalates-Functionalized PVDF Membranes by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10090214. [PMID: 32872637 PMCID: PMC7559549 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10090214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Polyoxometalates (POMs) has proved its advantage in constructing high-performance nanocomposite membranes such as catalytic membranes, adsorptive membranes, and forward osmosis membranes. However, it is challenging or tedious to characterize its distribution and effect on the membrane structures due to the equipment resolution limitation, discrete nano-scaled structures of POMs, and limited doping amount compared to the polymeric membrane matrix. In this paper, POMs-functionalized polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes were fabricated by phase inversion combined with the sol-gel method, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was utilized to analyze the nanocomposite membrane intrinsic properties. Through adjusting the additives in the sol-forming process, a set of membranes with varied intrinsic properties were developed accordingly. The wetting degree of the membranes related to the hydrophilic nature of the membrane surfaces had a crucial influence on the impedance measurements at the early stage. Through EIS analysis, it was demonstrated that the amination of the membrane matrix through (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APTMS) treatment and the immobilization of POMs through electrostatic attraction would not generate new pore structures into the membrane and only alter the membrane surface roughness and composition. To my knowledge, it is the first time that EIS was utilized to characterize the hydrophilicity of the membranes and pore structures of the POMs-modified membranes. Our findings indicate that EIS can provide valuable information for probing the structures of other nano-materials-incorporated membranes.
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Tang J, Jia H, Mu S, Gao F, Qin Q, Wang J. Characterizing synergistic effect of coagulant aid and membrane fouling during coagulation-ultrafiltration via in-situ Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 172:115477. [PMID: 31945650 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The polymer coagulant aid can effectively enhance the coagulation-ultrafiltration (C-UF) process for the purification of drinking water. However, when coagulant aid entered the filtration, it may also cause serious membrane fouling as polymer. In-situ Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) were applied to monitor the effects of coagulant aids on the membrane. The causes of fouling were assisted discussed through stage cleaning of the membrane. The equivalent circuit fitting was performed on the EIS data and the Raman spectral data were statistically analyzed after peak fitting. EIS and the cluster analysis of Raman spectroscopy provided an earlier feedback on membrane fouling layers compared to flux. The cause of membrane fouling was explained via variation of characteristic functional groups obtained by Raman spectroscopy. When the molecular weight of the coagulant aid was 160 times,80 times and 16 times larger than the MWCO of the UF membrane, the equivalent circuit obtained by fitting the EIS of the UF system satisfied Rs + c(QpRp), Rs(QcRc)(QpRp) and Rs(Qt(Rc(QpRp))) respectively. Partial correlation analysis showed that the corresponding factors causing irreversible fouling of membrane were humic acid(HA), HA and coagulant aids, coagulant aids. Combined with the mean roughness (Ra) of membrane, the coagulant aid performed differently in the cleaning of contaminated membrane and also affected the cleaning of HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane filtration and Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Hui Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane filtration and Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Situ Mu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane filtration and Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Qingwen Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane filtration and Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane filtration and Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China.
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Wang Y, Chen GE, Wu HL, Xu ZL, Wan JJ, Liu LJ, Xu SJ, Kong YF, Wu Q, Min J, Mao HF. Fabrication of GO-Ag/PVDF/F127 modified membrane IPA coagulation bath for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Freger V. Ion partitioning and permeation in charged low-T* membranes. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 277:102107. [PMID: 32000110 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Understanding ion transport in membrane materials is key to engineering and development of desalination and water purification technologies as well as electro-membrane applications. To date, modeling of ion transport has mainly relied on mean-field approaches, originally intended for weak inter-ionic interactions, i.e., high reduced temperature T*. This condition is violated in many membranes, which could explain disagreement between predicted trends and experiments. The paper highlights observed discrepancies and develops a new approach based on the concept of ion association, more adequate in the low-T⁎ limit. The new model addresses ion binding and mobility consistently within the same physical picture, applied to different types of single and mixed salts. The resulting relations show a significantly weaker connection between ion partitioning and permeability than the standard ones. Estimates using primitive model (PM) of ions in a homogeneous dielectric suggest that non-PM mechanisms, originating from the molecular structure of the ion-solvating environment, might enhance ion association in membranes. PM analysis also predicts that ion solvation and association must be rigidly related, yet non-PM effects may decouple these phenomena and allow a crossover to non-trivial regimes consistent with experiments and simulations. Despite the crude nature of the presented approach and some questions remaining open, it appears to explain most available experimental data and presents a step towards predictive modeling of ion-selective membrane separations in water-, environment- and energy-related applications.
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Liu J, Chen Z, Yao L, Wang S, Huang L, Dong C, Niu L. The 2D platelet confinement effect on the membrane hole structure probed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Electrochem commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2019.106517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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