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Ruslan NH, Yasin SM, Mohd Nasir N, Isa MR. The Impacts of Supervised Exercise Intervention on Tobacco Withdrawal Symptoms. Tob Use Insights 2023; 16:1179173X231179811. [PMID: 37255578 PMCID: PMC10226328 DOI: 10.1177/1179173x231179811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined a supervised moderate-intensity aerobic exercise programme's effectiveness in regulating the Tobacco Withdrawal Symptoms (TWS) during temporary abstinence. This was a single group, pre and post-quasi intervention study. Thirty daily smokers participated in an 8-week supervised moderate-intensity aerobic exercise programme. We assessed the TWS, smoking urge, mood and stress-pleasure related hormonal variables after the aerobic exercise intervention. The measurements were conducted after overnight abstinence at baseline, post-intervention (at week-8) and post-detraining (at week-10). TWS components, smoking urge and mood were found to improve. For hormonal variables, cortisol and beta-endorphin except adrenaline showed insignificant changes at post-intervention and de-training. The findings suggest moderate-intensity exercise might help in reducing withdrawal symptoms and its adverse effects. Thus, exercise is an effective adjunct treatment in a smoking cessation programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur-Hasanah Ruslan
- Faculty of Sports Science and
Recreation, Universiti Teknologi
MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Siti Munira Yasin
- Department of Public Health
Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi
MARA, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
| | - Nadzimah Mohd Nasir
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of
Medicine, Universiti Teknologi
MARA, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Rodi Isa
- Department of Public Health
Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi
MARA, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
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Chen H, Yang Y, Miyai H, Yi C, Oliver BG. The effects of exercise with nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation in adults: A systematic review. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1053937. [PMID: 36506415 PMCID: PMC9730281 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1053937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of exercise programmes with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) for smoking cessation in adults. INTRODUCTION Nicotine addiction is mediated by dopamine. Exercise can also activate the dopamine reward system. Therefore, exercise may effectively facilitate NRT to reduce cigarette cravings and withdrawal symptoms. INCLUSION CRITERIA Clinical trials between 2000 and 2022 used exercise protocols of any intensity for smoking cessation, in current smokers or recent quitters of both genders, aged 18-70, without severe diseases and pregnancy. Mental disorders were not excluded, as exercise can improve mental health status. Therefore, it may be as effective among people with mental health issues as the general population in preventing nicotine cravings and supporting abstinence. METHODS Four databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Medline) were searched for papers in English using the terms "nicotine replacement therapy', "exercise," and "smoking cessation." Titles and abstracts were screened for potentially eligibility before full texts were reviewed. Sample size, gender, study duration, and age was then extracted. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI's) GRADE approach. RESULTS Seventeen studies were identified with a total of 3,191 participants. Three studies are not a randomised control study. There was moderate-high quality evidence that exercise can aid NRT in promoting smoking cessation in the short term. Several studies reported temporary reductions in cravings; however, only one trial reported a decrease in cigarette consumption due to exercise intervention and one demonstrated increased smoking abstinence at 1 year of the intervention. CONCLUSION Exercise with NRT aids smoking cessation in the short term, but no evidence suggests its efficacy in the long term when combined. Future trials should include larger sample sizes and strategies to increase exercise adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Research Centre, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.,Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Yang Yang
- Research Centre, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hanna Miyai
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Chenju Yi
- Research Centre, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Brian G Oliver
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia.,Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Glebe, NSW, Australia
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Baker TB, Bolt DM, Smith SS. Barriers to Building More Effective Treatments: Negative Interactions Amongst Smoking Intervention Components. Clin Psychol Sci 2021; 9:995-1020. [PMID: 35003904 PMCID: PMC8740936 DOI: 10.1177/2167702621994551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Meaningfully improved mental and behavioral health treatment is an unrealized dream. Across three factorial experiments, inferential tests in prior studies showed a pattern of negative interactions suggesting that better clinical outcomes are obtained when participants receive fewer rather than more intervention components. Further, relatively few significant main effects were found in these experiments. Modeling suggested that negative interactions amongst components may account for these patterns. This paper evaluates factors that may contribute to such declining benefit: increased attentional or effort burden; components that produce their effects via the same capacity limited mechanisms, making their effects subadditive; and a tipping point phenomenon in which those near a hypothesized "tipping point" for change will benefit markedly from weak intervention while those far from the tipping point will benefit little from even strong intervention. New research should explore factors that cause negative interactions amongst components and constrain the development of more effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy B. Baker
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, 1930 Monroe St., Suite 200, Madison, WI 53711
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1685 Highland Avenue, 5158 Medical Foundation Centennial Building, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Daniel M. Bolt
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Educational Psychology, 1025 W. Johnson St., Madison, WI 53706
| | - Stevens S. Smith
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, 1930 Monroe St., Suite 200, Madison, WI 53711
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1685 Highland Avenue, 5158 Medical Foundation Centennial Building, Madison, WI 53705
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Ussher MH, Faulkner GEJ, Angus K, Hartmann‐Boyce J, Taylor AH. Exercise interventions for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019; 2019:CD002295. [PMID: 31684691 PMCID: PMC6819982 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd002295.pub6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taking regular exercise, whether cardiovascular-type exercise or resistance exercise, may help people to give up smoking, particularly by reducing cigarette withdrawal symptoms and cravings, and by helping to manage weight gain. OBJECTIVES To determine the effectiveness of exercise-based interventions alone, or combined with a smoking cessation programme, for achieving long-term smoking cessation, compared with a smoking cessation intervention alone or other non-exercise intervention. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group Specialised Register for studies, using the term 'exercise' or 'physical activity' in the title, abstract or keywords. The date of the most recent search was May 2019. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials that compared an exercise programme alone, or an exercise programme as an adjunct to a cessation programme, with a cessation programme alone or another non-exercise control group. Trials were required to recruit smokers wishing to quit or recent quitters, to assess abstinence as an outcome and have follow-up of at least six months. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We followed standard Cochrane methods. Smoking cessation was measured after at least six months, using the most rigorous definition available, on an intention-to-treat basis. We calculated risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for smoking cessation for each study, where possible. We grouped eligible studies according to the type of comparison, as either smoking cessation or relapse prevention. We carried out meta-analyses where appropriate, using Mantel-Haenszel random-effects models. MAIN RESULTS We identified 24 eligible trials with a total of 7279 adult participants randomised. Two studies focused on relapse prevention among smokers who had recently stopped smoking, and the remaining 22 studies were concerned with smoking cessation for smokers who wished to quit. Eleven studies were with women only and one with men only. Most studies recruited fairly inactive people. Most of the trials employed supervised, group-based cardiovascular-type exercise supplemented by a home-based exercise programme and combined with a multi-session cognitive behavioural smoking cessation programme. The comparator in most cases was a multi-session cognitive behavioural smoking cessation programme alone. Overall, we judged two studies to be at low risk of bias, 11 at high risk of bias, and 11 at unclear risk of bias. Among the 21 studies analysed, we found low-certainty evidence, limited by potential publication bias and by imprecision, comparing the effect of exercise plus smoking cessation support with smoking cessation support alone on smoking cessation outcomes (RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.22; I2 = 0%; 6607 participants). We excluded one study from this analysis as smoking abstinence rates for the study groups were not reported. There was no evidence of subgroup differences according to the type of exercise promoted; the subgroups considered were: cardiovascular-type exercise alone (17 studies), resistance training alone (one study), combined cardiovascular-type and resistance exercise (one study) and type of exercise not specified (two studies). The results were not significantly altered when we excluded trials with high risk of bias, or those with special populations, or those where smoking cessation intervention support was not matched between the intervention and control arms. Among the two relapse prevention studies, we found very low-certainty evidence, limited by risk of bias and imprecision, that adding exercise to relapse prevention did not improve long-term abstinence compared with relapse prevention alone (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.65 to 1.47; I2 = 0%; 453 participants). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is no evidence that adding exercise to smoking cessation support improves abstinence compared with support alone, but the evidence is insufficient to assess whether there is a modest benefit. Estimates of treatment effect were of low or very low certainty, because of concerns about bias in the trials, imprecision and publication bias. Consequently, future trials may change these conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Ussher
- St George's, University of LondonPopulation Health Research InstituteCranmer TerraceLondonUKSW17 0RE
- University of StirlingInstitute for Social MarketingStirlingUK
| | - Guy E J Faulkner
- University of British ColumbiaSchool of Kinesiology2146 Health Sciences MallVancouverCanadaV6T 1Z3
| | - Kathryn Angus
- University of StirlingInstitute for Social MarketingStirlingUK
| | - Jamie Hartmann‐Boyce
- University of OxfordNuffield Department of Primary Care Health SciencesRadcliffe Observatory QuarterWoodstock RoadOxfordUKOX2 6GG
| | - Adrian H Taylor
- University of PlymouthFaculty of Health: Medicine, Dentistry and Human SciencesRoom N32, ITTC Building, Tamar Science ParkDerrifordPlymouthUKPL6 8BX
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Busch AM, Louie ME, SantaBarbara NJ, Ajayi AA, Gleason N, Dunsiger SI, Carey MP, Ciccolo JT. Effects of resistance training on depression and cardiovascular disease risk in Black men: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Ment Health Phys Act 2019; 17:100299. [PMID: 32863882 PMCID: PMC7451250 DOI: 10.1016/j.mhpa.2019.100299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is severely undertreated in Black men. This is primarily because Black men are less likely to seek traditional psychiatric treatment, have less access and more barriers to treatment, and perceive more stigma associated with treatment. Depression contributes to cardiovascular disease (CVD), and Black men have the highest rate of mortality from CVD. Resistance training (RT) can have beneficial effects on both depression and CVD. This study will be the first randomized controlled trial to test the effects of RT on depression and cardiovascular health in a sample of depressed Black men. METHOD/DESIGN Fifty Black men with clinically significant symptoms of depression will be randomized to either (a) a 12-week RT or (b) an attention-control group. Behavioral Activation techniques will be used to support adherence to home-based RT goals. Both groups will meet on-site twice/week during the 12-week program, and follow-up assessments will occur at the end-of-treatment and 3 months post-treatment. Qualitative interviews will be conducted after the 3-month follow-up. The objectives of this study are (1) to assess the feasibility and acceptability of recruitment, retention, and intervention procedures, (2) to obtain preliminary evidence of efficacy, and (3) to explore potential mediators of the effects of RT on depression. DISCUSSION This study will advance the field of minority men's health by producing new data on the effects of RT for depression, the potential mechanisms of action that may support its use, and its effects on markers of CVD risk in Black men. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03107039).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Busch
- Department of Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare, 715 South 8th Street, Minneapolis, MN 55404, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, 401 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Mark E. Louie
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Teachers College, Columbia University, 525 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, United States
| | - Nicholas J. SantaBarbara
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Teachers College, Columbia University, 525 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, United States
| | - Alex A. Ajayi
- Department of Psychology, Augsburg University, 2211 Riverside Ave, Minneapolis, MN 55454, United States
| | - Neil Gleason
- Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, 701 Park Ave., Suite PP7.700, Minneapolis, MN 55415, United States
| | - Shira I. Dunsiger
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, 167 Point Street Providence, RI 02903, United States
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, United States
| | - Michael P. Carey
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, 167 Point Street Providence, RI 02903, United States
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School Brown University, 700 Butler Dr. Providence, RI 02906, United States
| | - Joseph T. Ciccolo
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Teachers College, Columbia University, 525 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, United States
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Nakagata T, Fukao K, Kobayashi H, Katamoto S, Naito H. The Effects of Transdermal Nicotine Patches on the Cardiorespiratory and Lactate Responses During Exercise from Light to Moderate Intensity: Implications for Exercise Prescription during Smoking Cessation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55070348. [PMID: 31284668 PMCID: PMC6680975 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55070348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Exercise can help ease withdrawal symptoms of smokers. However, there is little information about the physiological responses, such as cardiorespiratory and lactate (La) responses, during exercise from light to moderate intensity combined with transdermal nicotine patches (TNPs) in smokers. This study aimed to investigate the effect of TNPs on the cardiorespiratory and La responses during exercise at light to moderate intensity. Materials and Methods: Fourteen young men (8 non-smokers, 6 current smokers) aged 20 to 26 years participated in this study. They performed an incremental graded submaximal exercise test using an electromagnetic cycle ergometer set from 30 to 210 W with (TNP condition) or without a TNP (control condition) in a random order. The TNP was applied to the left arm 8–10 h prior to starting the exercise to achieve the peak level of blood nicotine concentration. Heart rate (HR), rate of perceived exertion (RPE), oxygen consumption (VO2), ventilation (VE), and blood La at rest and during exercise were measured and analyzed. Results: The HR at rest was significantly higher in the TNP condition than in the control condition (TNP; 74.7 ± 13.8 bpm, control; 65.3 ± 10.8 bpm, p < 0.001). There was no interaction (condition × exercise intensity) between any of the variables, and VO2, VE, RPE, and La during exercise were not significantly different between the conditions. However, HR during exercise was 6.7 bpm higher on average in the TNP condition. Conclusions: The HR during exercise was greater at light to moderate intensity with a TNP. Our study results will guide clinicians or health professionals when prescribing exercise programs combined with TNPs for healthy young smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nakagata
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Hiraka-gakuendai 1-1, Inzai, Chiba 270-1695, Japan.
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan.
| | - Kosuke Fukao
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Hiraka-gakuendai 1-1, Inzai, Chiba 270-1695, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Hiraka-gakuendai 1-1, Inzai, Chiba 270-1695, Japan
- Mito Medical Center, Tsukuba University Hospital, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 310-0015, Japan
| | - Shizuo Katamoto
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Hiraka-gakuendai 1-1, Inzai, Chiba 270-1695, Japan
| | - Hisashi Naito
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Hiraka-gakuendai 1-1, Inzai, Chiba 270-1695, Japan
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