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Souza HI, Pereira ABM, Oliveira JR, Silva PR, Teixeira DNS, Silva-Vergara ML, Rogério AP. Cryptococcus neoformans in Association with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus has Pro- (IL-6/STAT3 Overproduction) and Anti-inflammatory (CCL2/ERK1/2 Downregulation) Effects on Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Inflammation 2022; 45:1269-1280. [PMID: 35015189 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01619-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cryptococcosis (caused, for example, by Cryptococcus neoformans) and allergic asthma (caused, for example, by Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) target the respiratory tract (the lung and bronchial epithelium). C. neoformans and D. pteronyssinus can coexist in the same indoor environment, and exposure to both can cause alterations in the local airway inflammatory milieu and exacerbation of airway inflammatory diseases. Here, we evaluated the effects of the association between C. neoformans and D. pteronyssinus in the modulation of airway inflammatory responses in an in vitro experimental model using human bronchial epithelial cells. BEAS-2B cells were cultivated and stimulated with D. pteronyssinus (10 μg/mL) and/or C. neoformans (MOI 100) for 24 h. No cytotoxic effect was observed in cells stimulated by C. neoformans and/or D. pteronyssinus. The production of IL-8, IL-6, and/or CCL2, but not IL-10, as well as the activation of NF-kB, STAT3, STAT6, and/or ERK1/2 were increased in cells stimulated by C. neoformans or D. pteronyssinus compared to controls. C. neoformans in association with D. pteronyssinus inhibited the CCL2‑ERK1/2 signaling pathway in cells treated with both pathogens compared to cells stimulated by D. pteronyssinus alone. In addition, their association induced an additive effect on the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway in cells compared to cells stimulated with D. pteronyssinus or C. neoformans only. D. pteronyssinus increased the internalization and growth of C. neoformans in BEAS-2B cells. D. pteronyssinus in association with C. neoformans promoted pro- and anti-inflammatory responses, which can modulate cryptococcal infection and asthmaticus status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Ismarsi Souza
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Immunopharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Aline Beatriz Mahler Pereira
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Immunopharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jhony Robison Oliveira
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Immunopharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto Silva
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Immunopharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - David Nascimento Silva Teixeira
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Immunopharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mario Leon Silva-Vergara
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Paula Rogério
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Immunopharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Hu P, Ding H, Shen L, He GJ, Liu H, Tian X, Tao C, Bai X, Liang J, Jin C, Xu X, Yang E, Wang L. A unique cell wall synthetic response evoked by glucosamine determines pathogenicity-associated fungal cellular differentiation. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009817. [PMID: 34624015 PMCID: PMC8500725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The yeast-to-hypha transition is tightly associated with pathogenicity in many human pathogenic fungi, such as the model fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans, which is responsible for approximately 180,000 deaths annually. In this pathogen, the yeast-to-hypha transition can be initiated by distinct stimuli: mating stimulation or glucosamine (GlcN), the monomer of cell wall chitosan. However, it remains poorly understood how the signal specificity for Cryptococcus morphological transition by disparate stimuli is ensured. Here, by integrating temporal expression signature analysis and phenome-based clustering evaluation, we demonstrate that GlcN specifically triggers a unique cellular response, which acts as a critical determinant underlying the activation of GlcN-induced filamentation (GIF). This cellular response is defined by an unusually hyperactive cell wall synthesis that is highly ATP-consuming. A novel cell surface protein Gis1 was identified as the indicator molecule for the GlcN-induced cell wall response. The Mpk1-directed cell wall pathway critically bridges global cell wall gene induction and intracellular ATP supply, ensuring the Gis1-dependent cell wall response and the stimulus specificity of GIF. We further reveal that the ability of Mpk1 to coordinate the cell wall response and GIF activation is conserved in different Cryptococcus pathogens. Phosphoproteomics-based profiling together with genetic and phenotypic analysis revealed that the Mpk1 kinase mediates the regulatory specificity of GIF through a coordinated downstream regulatory network centered on Skn7 and Crz1. Overall, our findings discover an unprecedented and conserved cell wall biosynthesis-dependent fungal differentiation commitment mechanism, which enables the signal specificity of pathogenicity-related dimorphism induced by GlcN in Cryptococcus pathogens. Many human fungal pathogens can undergo dimorphic transition between yeast and hyphal forms in response to different external stimuli, and this morphological transition is generally and critically linked with their infections. In Cryptococcus neoformans, a model pathogenic fungus, the yeast-to-hypha transition can be elicited by mating stimulation or glucosamine (GlcN), the monomer of cell wall chitosan. Here, we show that GlcN specifically evokes a unique hyperactive cell wall synthetic response, which determines GlcN-induced filamentation (GIF) as a key commitment event. The Mpk1-directed cell wall signaling pathway as a core and conserved cascade connects the cell wall synthetic response and GIF activation in different Cryptococcus pathogens. Overall, the findings reveal a previously unrecognized function of GlcN in stimulating cell wall signaling and biosynthetic machinery, which enables a unique dimorphism commitment mechanism underlying the signal specificity of the mating-independent yeast-to-hypha transition in Cryptococcus pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengjie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Jun He
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, China
| | - Xiuyun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changyu Tao
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangzheng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingnan Liang
- Public Technology Service Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinping Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ence Yang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Linqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Pereira ABM, Oliveira JR, Souza ALJ, Andrade-Silva L, Silva MV, Silva PR, Silva-Vergara ML, Rogerio AP. Effects of cigarette smoke extract on bronchial epithelial cells stimulated with Cryptococcus neoformans. Med Microbiol Immunol 2021; 210:221-233. [PMID: 34228244 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-021-00715-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In the airways, the adhesion of Cryptococcus neoformans with airway epithelial cells is crucial for the establishment of cryptococcosis. Tobacco smoke is considered a risk factor for cryptococcosis. Here, we evaluated the effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) stimulated with C. neoformans. Multiplicities of infection (MOIs) of 1-100 of C. neoformans per cell led to increased IL-8 production and no cytotoxic effects when compared to those of controls. C. neoformans (MOI 100) also significantly increased the concentration of IL-6. In cells stimulated with CSE doses (1.0, 2.5 and 5.0%) from one or five cigarettes, increased IL-1β production was observed only in doses from one (1.0%) and five (2.5%) cigarettes when compared to that of controls. However, only 1.0% CSE failed to show cytotoxic effects. In addition, CSE significantly increased the concentration of IL-8. Cells stimulated with both CSE and C. neoformans demonstrated a reduction in IL-6/STAT3 signalling compared to that in cells stimulated by C. neoformans. In addition, a significant increase in IL-10 production was also observed. No alterations in NF-kB or ICAM-1 expression were observed among the groups. The combination of CSE and C. neoformans favoured the increase of fungal numbers and extracellular adhering of C. neoformans on BEAS-2B cells. In addition, the internalization of C. neoformans on BEAS-2B cells was reduced after CSE stimulation. In conclusion, the association of CSE and C. neoformans induced an anti-inflammatory effect in bronchial epithelial cells, which might favour the development of C. neoformans infection in the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Beatriz Mahler Pereira
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunopharmacology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Street Vigário Carlos 162, Uberaba, MG, 38025-380, Brazil
| | - Jhony Robison Oliveira
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunopharmacology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Street Vigário Carlos 162, Uberaba, MG, 38025-380, Brazil
| | - Ana Leticia Julio Souza
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunopharmacology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Street Vigário Carlos 162, Uberaba, MG, 38025-380, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Andrade-Silva
- Laboratory of Mycology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcos Vinicius Silva
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute Department of Clinical Medicine, of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto Silva
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunopharmacology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Street Vigário Carlos 162, Uberaba, MG, 38025-380, Brazil
| | - Mario Leon Silva-Vergara
- Laboratory of Mycology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Paula Rogerio
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunopharmacology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Street Vigário Carlos 162, Uberaba, MG, 38025-380, Brazil.
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Cryptococcus neoformans Secretes Small Molecules That Inhibit IL-1 β Inflammasome-Dependent Secretion. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:3412763. [PMID: 33380899 PMCID: PMC7748918 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3412763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast that causes disease mainly in immunosuppressed hosts. It is considered a facultative intracellular pathogen because of its capacity to survive and replicate inside phagocytes, especially macrophages. This ability is heavily dependent on various virulence factors, particularly the glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) component of the polysaccharide capsule. Inflammasome activation in phagocytes is usually protective against fungal infections, including cryptococcosis. Nevertheless, recognition of C. neoformans by inflammasome receptors requires specific changes in morphology or the opsonization of the yeast, impairing proper inflammasome function. In this context, we analyzed the impact of molecules secreted by C. neoformans B3501 strain and its acapsular mutant Δcap67 in inflammasome activation in an in vitro model. Our results showed that conditioned media derived from B3501 was capable of inhibiting inflammasome-dependent events (i.e., IL-1β secretion and LDH release via pyroptosis) more strongly than conditioned media from Δcap67, regardless of GXM presence. We also demonstrated that macrophages treated with conditioned media were less responsive against infection with the virulent strain H99, exhibiting lower rates of phagocytosis, increased fungal burdens, and enhanced vomocytosis. Moreover, we showed that the aromatic metabolite DL-Indole-3-lactic acid (ILA) and DL-p-Hydroxyphenyllactic acid (HPLA) were present in B3501's conditioned media and that ILA alone or with HPLA is involved in the regulation of inflammasome activation by C. neoformans. These results were confirmed by in vivo experiments, where exposure to conditioned media led to higher fungal burdens in Acanthamoeba castellanii culture as well as in higher fungal loads in the lungs of infected mice. Overall, the results presented show that conditioned media from a wild-type strain can inhibit a vital recognition pathway and subsequent fungicidal functions of macrophages, contributing to fungal survival in vitro and in vivo and suggesting that secretion of aromatic metabolites, such as ILA, during cryptococcal infections fundamentally impacts pathogenesis.
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Han LT, Wu L, Liu TB. A Predicted Mannoprotein Cmp1 Regulates Fungal Virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9110881. [PMID: 33114434 PMCID: PMC7692273 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9110881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The capsule of the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans consists of glucuronoxylomannan (GXM), glucuronoxylomannogalactan (GXMGal), and mannoproteins (MPs). MPs are a kind of glycoproteins with low content but high immunogenicity, which can stimulate the immune protection of the host. However, there is not much information about the role of mannoproteins in virulence of the human fungal pathogen C. neoformans. In this study, we reported the identification and functional analysis of a predicted mannoprotein Cmp1 that regulates fungal virulence in C. neoformans. Gene expression pattern analysis indicates that the CMP1 gene was ubiquitously expressed at all stages of cryptococcal development. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that Cmp1 was localized in the cytoplasm of cryptococcal cells. Disruption or overexpression of CMP1 results in impairing capsule formation in Cryptococcus, but it does not affect the melanin production and sensitivity under various stress conditions, nor does it affect the sexual reproduction process of Cryptococcus. Survival assay showed that the pathogenicity of the cmp1Δ mutant or the CMP1 overexpression strain was significantly attenuated in a murine inhalation model of cryptococcosis. In conclusion, our findings implied that the mannoprotein Cmp1 is required for the virulence of C. neoformans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Tao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (L.-T.H.); (L.W.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (L.-T.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Tong-Bao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (L.-T.H.); (L.W.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-23-6825-1088
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Nematollahi S, Dioverti-Prono V. Cryptococcal infection in haematologic malignancies and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Mycoses 2020; 63:1033-1046. [PMID: 32740974 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review summarises both the recent and relevant studies about cryptococcal infections in haematologic malignancies and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Although uncommon in this patient population, this infection carries a high mortality, especially if left untreated. Given the limited data, we draw some conclusions with respect to management from the solid organ transplantation and HIV-infected literature. Herein, we discuss cryptococcosis with a particular attention to its background, epidemiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and prevention in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Nematollahi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Veronica Dioverti-Prono
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Campuzano A, Castro-Lopez N, Martinez AJ, Olszewski MA, Ganguly A, Leopold Wager C, Hung CY, Wormley FL. CARD9 Is Required for Classical Macrophage Activation and the Induction of Protective Immunity against Pulmonary Cryptococcosis. mBio 2020; 11:e03005-19. [PMID: 31911495 PMCID: PMC6946806 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03005-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 (CARD9) is a critical adaptor molecule triggered by the interaction of C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) with carbohydrate motifs found in fungi. Consequently, clinical and animal studies indicate that CARD9 is an important regulator of protective immunity against fungal pathogens. Previous studies suggest that CARD9 is important for the induction of protection against Cryptococcus neoformans, an opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes life-threatening infections of the central nervous system in immunocompromised patients. However, the effect of CARD9 deficiency on the induction of protective immune responses against C. neoformans is unknown. Immunization with a C. neoformans mutant that overexpresses the transcription factor zinc finger 2, denoted LW10, results in protection against an otherwise lethal challenge with wild-type (WT) C. neoformans Our results showed that CARD9 is essential for the induction of vaccine-mediated immunity against C. neoformans infection. We observed significant decreases in interleukin-17 (IL-17) production and significant increases in Th2-type cytokine (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) production in CARD9-deficient mice after inoculation with strain LW10. While leukocyte infiltration to the lungs of CARD9-deficient mice was similar in LW10 and WT C. neoformans-infected mice, macrophages derived from CARD9-deficient mice inherently skewed toward an M2 activation phenotype, were unable to contain the growth of LW10, and failed to produce nitric oxide in response to infection with LW10 or stimulation with lipopolysaccharide. These results suggest that CARD9-mediated signaling is required for M1 macrophage activation and fungicidal activity necessary for the induction of vaccine-mediated immunity against C. neoformansIMPORTANCECryptococcus neoformans is a fungal pathogen that is found throughout the environment and can cause life-threatening infections of the lung and central nervous system in severely immunocompromised individuals. Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 (CARD9) is a critical molecule that is activated after interactions of C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) found on the surfaces of specific immune cells, with carbohydrate structures associated with fungi. Patients with defects in CARD9 are significantly more susceptible to a multitude of fungal infections. C. neoformans contains several carbohydrate structures that interact with CLRs on immune cells and activate CARD9. Consequently, these studies evaluated the necessity of CARD9 for the induction of protective immunity against C. neoformans infection. These results are important, as they advance our understanding of cryptococcal pathogenesis and host factors necessary for the induction of protective immunity against C. neoformans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Althea Campuzano
- Department of Biology, South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Natalia Castro-Lopez
- Department of Biology, South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Amanda J Martinez
- Department of Biology, South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Michal A Olszewski
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine University, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Research Service, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Anutosh Ganguly
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Research Service, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Chrissy Leopold Wager
- Department of Biology, South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Chiung-Yu Hung
- Department of Biology, South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Floyd L Wormley
- Department of Biology, South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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de Castro Spadari C, da Silva de Bastiani FWM, Pisani PBB, de Azevedo Melo AS, Ishida K. Efficacy of voriconazole in vitro and in invertebrate model of cryptococcosis. Arch Microbiol 2019; 202:773-784. [PMID: 31832690 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-019-01789-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cryptococcosis is a common opportunistic infection in patients with advanced HIV infection and may also affect immunocompetent patients. The available antifungal agents are few and other options are needed for the cryptococcosis treatment. In this work, we first analyzed the virulence of twelve C. neoformans and C. gattii strains assessing capsule thickness, biofilms formation, and survival and morbidity in the invertebrate model of Galleria mellonella and then we evaluated the antifungal activity of voriconazole (VRC) in vitro and in vivo also using G. mellonella. Our results showed that all Cryptococcus spp. isolates were able to produce capsule and biofilms, and were virulent using G. mellonella model. The VRC has inhibitory activity on planktonic cells with MIC values ranging from 0.03 to 0.25 μg/mL on Cryptococcus spp.; and these isolates were more tolerant to fluconazole (ranging from 0.25 to 16 μg/mL), the triazol agent often recommended alone or in combination with amphotericin B in the cryptococcosis therapy. In contrast, mature biofilms were less susceptible to the VRC treatment. The VRC (10 or 20 mg/kg) treatment of infected G. mellonella larvae significantly increased the larval survival when compared to the untreated group for the both Cryptococcus species and significantly decreased the fungal burden and dissemination in the larval tissue. Our findings corroborate with the literature data, supporting the potential use of VRC as an alternative for cryptococcosis treatment. Here, we emphasize the use of G. mellonella larval model as an alternative animal model for studies of antifungal efficacy on mycosis, including cryptococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina de Castro Spadari
- Laboratory of Antifungal Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Prof. Lineu Prestes Avenue, 1374, ICB II, Lab 150, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Walt Mendes da Silva de Bastiani
- Laboratory of Antifungal Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Prof. Lineu Prestes Avenue, 1374, ICB II, Lab 150, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Pietro Bruno Bautista Pisani
- Laboratory of Antifungal Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Prof. Lineu Prestes Avenue, 1374, ICB II, Lab 150, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | | | - Kelly Ishida
- Laboratory of Antifungal Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Prof. Lineu Prestes Avenue, 1374, ICB II, Lab 150, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
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9
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Phenotypic characteristics and transcriptome profile of Cryptococcus gattii biofilm. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6438. [PMID: 31015652 PMCID: PMC6478838 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42896-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we characterized Cryptococcus gattii biofilm formation in vitro. There was an increase in the density of metabolically active sessile cells up to 72 h of biofilm formation on polystyrene and glass surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis revealed that in the early stage of biofilm formation, yeast cells adhered to the abiotic surface as a monolayer. After 12 h, extracellular fibrils were observed projecting from C. gattii cells, connecting the yeast cells to each other and to the abiotic surface; mature biofilm consisted of a dense network of cells deeply encased in an extracellular polymeric matrix. These features were also observed in biofilms formed on polyvinyl chloride and silicone catheter surfaces. We used RNA-Seq-based transcriptome analysis to identify changes in gene expression associated with C. gattii biofilm at 48 h compared to the free-floating planktonic cells. Differential expression analysis showed that 97 and 224 transcripts were up-regulated and down-regulated in biofilm, respectively. Among the biological processes, the highest enriched term showed that the transcripts were associated with cellular metabolic processes, macromolecule biosynthetic processes and translation.
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10
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Carreño A, Rodríguez L, Páez-Hernández D, Martin-Trasanco R, Zúñiga C, Oyarzún DP, Gacitúa M, Schott E, Arratia-Pérez R, Fuentes JA. Two New Fluorinated Phenol Derivatives Pyridine Schiff Bases: Synthesis, Spectral, Theoretical Characterization, Inclusion in Epichlorohydrin-β-Cyclodextrin Polymer, and Antifungal Effect. Front Chem 2018; 6:312. [PMID: 30109223 PMCID: PMC6080543 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that the structure of the Schiff bases is fundamental for their function in biomedical applications. Pyridine Schiff bases are characterized by the presence of a pyridine and a phenolic ring, connected by an azomethine group. In this case, the nitrogen present in the pyridine is responsible for antifungal effects, where the phenolic ring may be also participating in this bioactivity. In this study, we synthesized two new pyridine Schiff Bases: (E)-2-[(3-Amino-pyridin-4-ylimino)-methyl]-4,6-difluoro-phenol (F1) and (E)- 2-[(3-Amino-pyridin-4-ylimino)-methyl]-6-fluoro-phenol (F2), which only differ in the fluorine substitutions in the phenolic ring. We fully characterized both F1 and F2 by FTIR, UV-vis, 1H; 13C; 19F-NMR, DEPT, HHCOSY, TOCSY, and cyclic voltammetry, as well as by computational studies (DFT), and NBO analysis. In addition, we assessed the antifungal activity of both F1 (two fluorine substitution at positions 4 and 6 in the phenolic ring) and F2 (one fluorine substitution at position 6 in the phenolic ring) against yeasts. We found that only F1 exerted a clear antifungal activity, showing that, for these kind of Schiff bases, the phenolic ring substitutions can modulate biological properties. In addition, we included F1 and F2 into in epichlorohydrin-β-cyclodextrin polymer (βCD), where the Schiff bases remained inside the βCD as determined by the ki, TGA, DSC, and SBET. We found that the inclusion in βCD improved the solubility in aqueous media and the antifungal activity of both F1 and F2, revealing antimicrobial effects normally hidden by the presence of common solvents (e.g., DMSO) with some cellular inhibitory activity. The study of structural prerequisites for antimicrobial activity, and the inclusion in polymers to improve solubility, is important for the design of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Carreño
- Center of Applied Nanosciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonardo Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Genética y Patogénesis Bacteriana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - César Zúñiga
- Center of Applied Nanosciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego P Oyarzún
- Center of Applied Nanosciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Eduardo Schott
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Juan A Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Genética y Patogénesis Bacteriana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
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11
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Rodrigues J, Ramos CL, Frases S, Godinho RMDC, Fonseca FL, Rodrigues ML. Lack of chitin synthase genes impacts capsular architecture and cellular physiology in Cryptococcus neoformans. Cell Surf 2018; 2:14-23. [PMID: 32743128 PMCID: PMC7389344 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcsw.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans mutants lacking each of the eight putative chitin synthase genes (CHS) have been previously generated. However, it is still unclear how deletion of chitin synthase genes affects the cryptococcal capsule. Since the connections between chitin metabolism and capsular polysaccharides in C. neoformans are numerous, we analyzed the effects of deletion of CHS genes on capsular and capsule-related structures of C. neoformans. CHS deletion affected capsular morphology in multiple ways, as determined by scanning electron microscopy and immunofluorescence analysis. Molecular diameter, serological reactivity and export of capsular polysaccharide were also affected in most of the chsΔ mutants, but the most prominent alterations were observed in the chs3Δ strain. C. neoformans cells lacking CHS genes also had altered formation of extracellular vesicles and variable chitinase activity under stress conditions. These results reveal previously unknown functions of CHS genes that greatly impact the physiology of C. neoformans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Rodrigues
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Caroline L Ramos
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Susana Frases
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo M da C Godinho
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda L Fonseca
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde (CDTS) da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcio L Rodrigues
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Carlos Chagas (ICC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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12
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Motaung TE. Cryptococcus neoformans mutant screening: a genome-scale's worth of function discovery. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Muñoz M, Camargo M, Ramírez JD. Estimating the Intra-taxa Diversity, Population Genetic Structure, and Evolutionary Pathways of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. Front Genet 2018; 9:148. [PMID: 29740480 PMCID: PMC5928140 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the Cryptococcus complex, includes Cryptococcus neoformans (most common fungal infection of the brain) and Cryptococcus gattii (high-impact emerging pathogen worldwide). Currently, the fungal multilocus sequence typing database (Fungal MLST Database) constitutes a valuable data repository of the genes used for molecular typing of these pathogens. We analyzed the data available in the Fungal MLST Database for seven housekeeping genes, with the aim to evaluate its contribution in the description of intra-taxa diversity, population genetic structure, and evolutionary patterns. Although the Fungal MLST Database has a greater number of reports for C. neoformans (n = 487) than for C. gattii (n = 344), similar results were obtained for both species in terms of allelic diversity. Phylogenetic reconstructions revealed grouping by molecular type in both species and allowed us to propose differences in evolutionary patterns (gradualism in the case of C. neoformans and punctuated evolution in the case of C. gattii). In addition, C. neoformans showed a population genetic structure consisting of 37 clonal complexes (CCs; CC1 being predominant), high crosslinking [without sequence type (ST) grouping by molecular type], marked divergence events in phylogenetic analysis, and few introgression events (mainly between VNI and VNIV). By contrast, C. gattii showed 50 CCs (with greater homogeneity in ST number by CC) and clustering by molecular type with marked crosslinking events in phylogenetic networks being less evident. Understanding relationships at the molecular level for species of the Cryptococcus complex, based on the sequences of the housekeeping genes, provides information for describing the evolutionary history of these emerging pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Muñoz
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas-UR (GIMUR), Programa de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- Centro de Tecnología en Salud (CETESA), Upqua SAS, Bogotá, Colombia
- Posgrado Interfacultades Doctorado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Milena Camargo
- Centro de Tecnología en Salud (CETESA), Upqua SAS, Bogotá, Colombia
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas y Biológicas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan D. Ramírez
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas-UR (GIMUR), Programa de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
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14
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Carreño A, Zúñiga C, Páez-Hernández D, Gacitúa M, Polanco R, Otero C, Arratia-Pérez R, Fuentes JA. Study of the structure–bioactivity relationship of three new pyridine Schiff bases: synthesis, spectral characterization, DFT calculations and biological assays. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj00390d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Schiff bases exhibit a broad range of applications, including their use as catalysts, stabilizers, dyes, and intermediates in organic synthesis; and biological activities, such as antifungal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Carreño
- Center of Applied Nanosciences (CANS)
- Universidad Andres Bello
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - César Zúñiga
- Center of Applied Nanosciences (CANS)
- Universidad Andres Bello
- Santiago
- Chile
| | | | | | - Rubén Polanco
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal (CBV)
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida
- Universidad Andres Bello
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Carolina Otero
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia
- Facultad de Medicina
- Universidad Andres Bello
- Chile
| | | | - Juan A. Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Genética y Patogénesis Bacteriana
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida
- Universidad Andres Bello
- Santiago
- Chile
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15
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Hervé V, Leroy B, Da Silva Pires A, Lopez PJ. Aquatic urban ecology at the scale of a capital: community structure and interactions in street gutters. ISME JOURNAL 2017; 12:253-266. [PMID: 29027996 PMCID: PMC5739019 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2017.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In most cities, streets are designed for collecting and transporting dirt, litter, debris, storm water and other wastes as a municipal sanitation system. Microbial mats can develop on street surfaces and form microbial communities that have never been described. Here, we performed the first molecular inventory of the street gutter-associated eukaryotes across the entire French capital of Paris and the non-potable waters sources. We found that the 5782 OTUs (operational taxonomic units) present in the street gutters which are dominated by diatoms (photoautotrophs), fungi (heterotrophs), Alveolata and Rhizaria, includes parasites, consumers of phototrophs and epibionts that may regulate the dynamics of gutter mat microbial communities. Network analyses demonstrated that street microbiome present many species restricted to gutters, and an overlapping composition between the water sources used for street cleaning (for example, intra-urban aquatic networks and the associated rivers) and the gutters. We propose that street gutters, which can cover a significant surface area of cities worldwide, potentially have important ecological roles in the remediation of pollutants or downstream wastewater treatments, might also be a niche for growth and dissemination of putative parasite and pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Hervé
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Biogeosciences, Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Boris Leroy
- Unité Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS-7208), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université de Caen Normandie, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD-207), Université des Antilles, Paris, France
| | | | - Pascal Jean Lopez
- Unité Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS-7208), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université de Caen Normandie, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD-207), Université des Antilles, Paris, France
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16
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Taylor-Smith LM. Cryptococcus-Epithelial Interactions. J Fungi (Basel) 2017; 3:jof3040053. [PMID: 29371569 PMCID: PMC5753155 DOI: 10.3390/jof3040053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungal pathogen, Cryptococcus neoformans, causes devastating levels of morbidity and mortality. Infections with this fungus tend to be predominantly in immunocompromised individuals, such as those with HIV. Infections initiate with inhalation of cryptococcal cells and entry of the pathogen into the lungs. The bronchial epithelial cells of the upper airway and the alveolar epithelial cells of the lower airway are likely to be the first host cells that Cryptococcus engage with. Thus the interaction of cryptococci and the respiratory epithelia will be the focus of this review. C. neoformans has been shown to adhere to respiratory epithelial cells, although if the role of the capsule is in aiding or hindering this adhesion is debatable. The epithelia are also able to react to cryptococci with the release of cytokines and chemokines to start the immune response to this invading pathogen. The activity of surfactant components that line this mucosal barrier towards Cryptococcus and the metabolic and transcriptional reaction of cryptococci when encountering epithelial cells will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne M Taylor-Smith
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, West Midlands, UK.
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17
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A Cationic Polymer That Shows High Antifungal Activity against Diverse Human Pathogens. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.00204-17. [PMID: 28739790 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00204-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive fungal diseases are generally difficult to treat and often fatal. The therapeutic agents available to treat fungi are limited, and there is a critical need for new agents to combat these deadly infections. Antifungal compound development has been hindered by the challenge of creating agents that are highly active against fungal pathogens but not toxic to the host. Host defense peptides (HDPs) are produced by eukaryotes as a component of the innate immune response to pathogens and have served as inspiration for the development of many new antibacterial compounds. HDP mimics, however, have largely failed to exhibit potent and selective antifungal activity. Here, we present an HDP-like nylon-3 copolymer that is effective against diverse fungi while displaying only mild to moderate toxicity toward mammalian cells. This polymer is active on its own and in synergy with existing antifungal drugs against multiple species of Candida and Cryptococcus, reaching levels of efficacy comparable to those of the clinical agents amphotericin B and fluconazole in some cases. In addition, the polymer acts synergistically with azoles against different species of Aspergillus, including some azole-resistant strains. These findings indicate that nylon-3 polymers are a promising lead for development of new antifungal therapeutic strategies.
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18
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Rizzo J, Albuquerque PC, Wolf JM, Nascimento R, Pereira MD, Nosanchuk JD, Rodrigues ML. Analysis of multiple components involved in the interaction between Cryptococcus neoformans and Acanthamoeba castellanii. Fungal Biol 2017; 121:602-614. [PMID: 28606355 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is an environmental fungus that can cause lethal meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised individuals. The mechanisms by which environmental microbes become pathogenic to mammals are still obscure, but different studies suggest that fungal virulence evolved from selection imposed by environmental predators. The soil-living Acanthamoeba castellanii is a well-known predator of C. neoformans. In this work, we evaluated the participation of C. neoformans virulence-associated structures in the interaction of fungal cells with A. castellanii. Fungal extracellular vesicles (EVs) and the polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) were internalized by A. castellanii with no impact on the viability of amoebal cells. EVs, but not free GXM, modulated antifungal properties of A. castellanii by inducing enhanced yeast survival. Phagocytosis of C. neoformans by amoebal cells and the pathogenic potential in a Galleria mellonella model were not affected by EVs, but previous interactions with A. castellanii rendered fungal cells more efficient in killing this invertebrate host. This observation was apparently associated with marked amoeba-induced changes in surface architecture and increased resistance to both oxygen- and nitrogen-derived molecular species. Our results indicate that multiple components with the potential to impact pathogenesis are involved in C. neoformans environmental interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Rizzo
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto de Bioquímica Médica (IBqM), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Priscila C Albuquerque
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Julie M Wolf
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Renata Nascimento
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos D Pereira
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Joshua D Nosanchuk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Marcio L Rodrigues
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde (CDTS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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19
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Duarte-Oliveira C, Rodrigues F, Gonçalves SM, Goldman GH, Carvalho A, Cunha C. The Cell Biology of the Trichosporon-Host Interaction. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:118. [PMID: 28439501 PMCID: PMC5383668 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi of the genus Trichosporon are increasingly recognized as causative agents of superficial and invasive fungal disease in humans. Although most species are considered commensals of the human skin and gastrointestinal tract, these basidiomycetes are an increasing cause of fungal disease among immunocompromised hosts, such as hematological patients and solid organ transplant recipients. The initiation of commensal or pathogenic programs by Trichosporon spp. involves the adaptation to the host microenvironment and its immune system. However, the exact virulence factors activated upon the transition to a pathogenic lifestyle, including the intricate biology of the cell wall, and how these interact with and subvert the host immune responses remain largely unknown. Here, we revisit our current understanding of the virulence attributes of Trichosporon spp., particularly T. asahii, and their interaction with the host immune system, and accommodate this knowledge within novel perspectives on fungal diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudio Duarte-Oliveira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of MinhoBraga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Fernando Rodrigues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of MinhoBraga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Samuel M Gonçalves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of MinhoBraga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Gustavo H Goldman
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Agostinho Carvalho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of MinhoBraga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Cristina Cunha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of MinhoBraga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/Guimarães, Portugal
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20
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Free-Living Amoebae as Hosts for and Vectors of Intracellular Microorganisms with Public Health Significance. Viruses 2017; 9:v9040065. [PMID: 28368313 PMCID: PMC5408671 DOI: 10.3390/v9040065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Free-living amoebae (FLA) are parasites within both humans and animals causing a wide range of symptoms and act as hosts of, and vehicles for phylogenetically diverse microorganisms, called endocytobionts. The interaction of the FLA with sympatric microorganisms leads to an exceptional diversity within FLA. Some of these bacteria, viruses, and even eukaryotes, can live and replicate intracellularly within the FLA. This relationship provides protection to the microorganisms from external interventions and a dispersal mechanism across various habitats. Among those intracellularly-replicating or -residing organisms there are obligate and facultative pathogenic microorganisms affecting the health of humans or animals and are therefore of interest to Public Health Authorities. Mimiviruses, Pandoraviruses, and Pithoviruses are examples for interesting viral endocytobionts within FLA. Future research is expected to reveal further endocytobionts within free-living amoebae and other protozoa through co-cultivation studies, genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses.
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21
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Carreño A, Aros AE, Otero C, Polanco R, Gacitúa M, Arratia-Pérez R, Fuentes JA. Substituted bidentate and ancillary ligands modulate the bioimaging properties of the classical Re(i) tricarbonyl core with yeasts and bacteria. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj03792e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Six classical rhenium(i) tricarbonyl complexes were investigated for their ability to be used as dyes for bioimaging in walled cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Carreño
- Center of Applied Nanosciences (CENAP)
- Universidad Andres Bello
- Santiago
- Chile
- Núcleo Milenio de Ingeniería Molecular para Catálisis y Biosensores (MECB)
| | - Alejandra E. Aros
- Núcleo Milenio de Ingeniería Molecular para Catálisis y Biosensores (MECB)
- ICM
- Chile
- Laboratorio de Genética y Patogénesis Bacteriana
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas
| | - Carolina Otero
- Center for Integrative Medicine and Innovative Science (CIMIS)
- Facultad de Medicina
- Universidad Andres Bello
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Rubén Polanco
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas
- Universidad Andres Bello
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Manuel Gacitúa
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES)
- Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez
- Peñalolén
- Chile
| | - Ramiro Arratia-Pérez
- Center of Applied Nanosciences (CENAP)
- Universidad Andres Bello
- Santiago
- Chile
- Núcleo Milenio de Ingeniería Molecular para Catálisis y Biosensores (MECB)
| | - Juan A. Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Genética y Patogénesis Bacteriana
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas
- Universidad Andrés Bello
- Santiago
- Chile
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