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Jin S, Wan S, Xiong R, Li Y, Dong T, Guan C. The role of regulatory T cells in vitiligo and therapeutic advances: a mini-review. Inflamm Res 2024:10.1007/s00011-024-01900-w. [PMID: 38839628 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-024-01900-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play vital roles in controlling immune reactions and maintaining immune tolerance in the body. The targeted destruction of epidermal melanocytes by activated CD8+T cells is a key event in the development of vitiligo. However, Tregs may exert immunosuppressive effects on CD8+T cells, which could be beneficial in treating vitiligo. METHODS A comprehensive search of PubMed and Web of Science was conducted to gather information on Tregs and vitiligo. RESULTS In vitiligo, there is a decrease in Treg numbers and impaired Treg functions, along with potential damage to Treg-related signaling pathways. Increasing Treg numbers and enhancing Treg function could lead to immunosuppressive effects on CD8+T cells. Recent research progress on Tregs in vitiligo has been summarized, highlighting various Treg-related therapies being investigated for clinical use. The current status of Treg-related therapeutic strategies and potential future directions for vitiligo treatment are also discussed. CONCLUSIONS A deeper understanding of Tregs will be crucial for advancing Treg-related drug discovery and treatment development in vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Jin
- Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Sheng Wan
- Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Renxue Xiong
- Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Tingru Dong
- Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Cuiping Guan
- Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
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Roy S, Roy S, Halder S, Jana K, Ukil A. Leishmania exploits host cAMP/EPAC/calcineurin signaling to induce an IL-33-mediated anti-inflammatory environment for the establishment of infection. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107366. [PMID: 38750790 PMCID: PMC11208913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Host anti-inflammatory responses are critical for the progression of visceral leishmaniasis, and the pleiotropic cytokine interleukin (IL)-33 was found to be upregulated in infection. Here, we documented that IL-33 induction is a consequence of elevated cAMP-mediated exchange protein activated by cAMP (EPAC)/calcineurin-dependent signaling and essential for the sustenance of infection. Leishmania donovani-infected macrophages showed upregulation of IL-33 and its neutralization resulted in decreased parasite survival and increased inflammatory responses. Infection-induced cAMP was involved in IL-33 production and of its downstream effectors PKA and EPAC, only the latter was responsible for elevated IL-33 level. EPAC initiated Rap-dependent phospholipase C activation, which triggered the release of intracellular calcium followed by calcium/calmodulin complex formation. Screening of calmodulin-dependent enzymes affirmed involvement of the phosphatase calcineurin in cAMP/EPAC/calcium/calmodulin signaling-induced IL-33 production and parasite survival. Activated calcineurin ensured nuclear localization of the transcription factors, nuclear factor of activated T cell 1 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha required for IL-33 transcription, and we further confirmed this by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Administering specific inhibitors of nuclear factor of activated T cell 1 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha in BALB/c mouse model of visceral leishmaniasis decreased liver and spleen parasite burden along with reduction in IL-33 level. Splenocyte supernatants of inhibitor-treated infected mice further documented an increase in tumor necrosis factor alpha and IL-12 level with simultaneous decrease of IL-10, thereby indicating an overall disease-escalating effect of IL-33. Thus, this study demonstrates that cAMP/EPAC/calcineurin signaling is crucial for the activation of IL-33 and in effect creates anti-inflammatory responses, essential for infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souravi Roy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Shalini Roy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Satyajit Halder
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Kuladip Jana
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Anindita Ukil
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India.
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Zeng H, Liu J, Mo L, Li M, Tang A, Zeng X, Zhao M, Yang P. The Olink proteomics profile in nasal secretion of patients with allergic rhinitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2024; 14:862-865. [PMID: 37733797 DOI: 10.1002/alr.23274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
KEY POINTS Nasal secretions of allergic rhinitis patients were analyzed by Olink proteomics. Fifteen differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified. The DEPs were significantly correlated with the total nasal symptom scores of patients with allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotao Zeng
- Department of Allergy, Longgang ENT Hospital & Shenzhen ENT Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiangqi Liu
- Department of Allergy, Longgang ENT Hospital & Shenzhen ENT Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lihua Mo
- Institute of Allergy & Immunology of Shenzhen University and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Allergy Division at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of General Practice Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Minyao Li
- Institute of Allergy & Immunology of Shenzhen University and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Allergy Division at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of General Practice Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Aifa Tang
- Department of General Practice Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xianhai Zeng
- Department of Allergy, Longgang ENT Hospital & Shenzhen ENT Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Miao Zhao
- Department of Allergy, Longgang ENT Hospital & Shenzhen ENT Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pingchang Yang
- Institute of Allergy & Immunology of Shenzhen University and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Allergy Division at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Vittal R, Walker NM, McLinden AP, Braeuer RR, Ke F, Fattahi F, Combs MP, Misumi K, Aoki Y, Wheeler DS, Wilke CA, Huang SK, Moore BB, Cao P, Lama VN. Genetic deficiency of the transcription factor NFAT1 confers protection against fibrogenic responses independent of immune influx. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 326:L39-L51. [PMID: 37933452 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00045.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is marked by unremitting matrix deposition and architectural distortion. Multiple profibrotic pathways contribute to the persistent activation of mesenchymal cells (MCs) in fibrosis, highlighting the need to identify and target common signaling pathways. The transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFAT1) lies downstream of second messenger calcium signaling and has been recently shown to regulate key profibrotic mediator autotaxin (ATX) in lung MCs. Herein, we investigate the role of NFAT1 in regulating fibroproliferative responses during the development of lung fibrosis. Nfat1-/--deficient mice subjected to bleomycin injury demonstrated improved survival and protection from lung fibrosis and collagen deposition as compared with bleomycin-injured wild-type (WT) mice. Chimera mice, generated by reconstituting bone marrow cells from WT or Nfat1-/- mice into irradiated WT mice (WT→WT and Nfat1-/-→WT), demonstrated no difference in bleomycin-induced fibrosis, suggesting immune influx-independent fibroprotection in Nfat1-/- mice. Examination of lung tissue and flow sorted lineageneg/platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα)pos MCs demonstrated decreased MC numbers, proliferation [↓ cyclin D1 and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation], myofibroblast differentiation [↓ α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)], and survival (↓ Birc5) in Nfat1-/- mice. Nfat1 deficiency abrogated ATX expression in response to bleomycin in vivo and MCs derived from Nfat1-/- mice demonstrated decreased ATX expression and migration in vitro. Human IPF MCs demonstrated constitutive NFAT1 activation, and regulation of ATX in these cells by NFAT1 was confirmed using pharmacological and genetic inhibition. Our findings identify NFAT1 as a critical mediator of profibrotic processes, contributing to dysregulated lung remodeling and suggest its targeting in MCs as a potential therapeutic strategy in IPF.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal disease with hallmarks of fibroblastic foci and exuberant matrix deposition, unknown etiology, and ineffective therapies. Several profibrotic/proinflammatory pathways are implicated in accelerating tissue remodeling toward a honeycombed end-stage disease. NFAT1 is a transcriptional factor activated in IPF tissues. Nfat1-deficient mice subjected to chronic injury are protected against fibrosis independent of immune influxes, with suppression of profibrotic mesenchymal phenotypes including proliferation, differentiation, resistance to apoptosis, and autotaxin-related migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragini Vittal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Natalie M Walker
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - A Patrick McLinden
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Russell R Braeuer
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Fang Ke
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Fatemeh Fattahi
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Michael P Combs
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Keizo Misumi
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Yoshiro Aoki
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - David S Wheeler
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Carol A Wilke
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Steven K Huang
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Bethany B Moore
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Pengxiu Cao
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Vibha N Lama
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
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Khantakova JN, Sennikov SV. T-helper cells flexibility: the possibility of reprogramming T cells fate. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1284178. [PMID: 38022605 PMCID: PMC10646684 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1284178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Various disciplines cooperate to find novel approaches to cure impaired body functions by repairing, replacing, or regenerating cells, tissues, or organs. The possibility that a stable differentiated cell can reprogram itself opens the door to new therapeutic strategies against a multitude of diseases caused by the loss or dysfunction of essential, irreparable, and specific cells. One approach to cell therapy is to induce reprogramming of adult cells into other functionally active cells. Understanding the factors that cause or contribute to T cell plasticity is not only of clinical importance but also expands the knowledge of the factors that induce cells to differentiate and improves the understanding of normal developmental biology. The present review focuses on the advances in the conversion of peripheral CD4+ T cells, the conditions of their reprogramming, and the methods proposed to control such cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia N. Khantakova
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology” (RIFCI), Novosibirsk, Russia
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Giri P, Bhimani R, Patil S, Dwivedi M. Genetic association of Nuclear factor of activated T cells' 3'UTR and structural polymorphisms with susceptibility to generalized vitiligo in Gujarat population. Gene 2023:147629. [PMID: 37429370 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Generalized vitiligo(GV) is an autoimmune skin depigmenting disease characterized by loss of functional melanocytes. Nuclear factor of activated T cells(NFATs) play a key role in regulatory T cells' (Tregs) activation and function. Our previous studies have highlighted the role of reduced NFATs expression and activity in impaired Tregs suppressive capacity, leading to GV pathogenesis. 3'UTR region and structural single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) could lead to reduced NFAT expression and activity. Therefore, we studied the association of NFATs 3'UTR [NFATC2 rs4811198(T>G) &NFATC4 rs11848279(A>G)] and structural [NFATC1 rs754093(T>G) &NFATC2 rs12479626(T>C)] SNPs in 427 GV patients and 415 controls from Gujarat population by Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP). Additionally, we carried out genotype-phenotype correlation and in silico analysis to assess the effect of NFATs SNPs on NFATs expression and structure. NFATC2 rs4811198(T>G) 3' UTR &NFATC2 rs12479626(T>C) structural SNPs were significantly associated with GV(p<0.0001). Interestingly, for NFATC2 rs4811198(T>G) SNP, there was a significant difference in the TT vs GG genotypes' frequencies (p=0.0034; Table 2), and for NFATC2 rs12479626(T>C) SNP there was a significant difference between TT vs TC and CC genotypes' frequencies(p<0.0001 & p=0.0002) between GV patients and controls. Furthermore, Odds ratio suggested that the susceptible alleles for NFATC2 rs4811198(T>G) &NFATC2 rs12479626(T>C) SNPs increased the risk of GV by 1.38 & 3.043 fold. However, the NFAT 3' UTR [NFATC2 rs4811198 (T>G)] and structural [NFATC1 rs754093(T>G)] SNPs were not significantly associated with GV. Interestingly, the genotype-phenotype correlation suggested that the susceptible 'G' allele of NFATC2 rs4811198(T>G) &NFATC4 rs11848279(A>G) 3' UTR SNPs lead to reduced NFATC2 and NFATC4 expression(p<0.0001). Furthermore, in silico analysis suggested that hsa-miR-3183 & hsa-miR-6720-3p miRNAs specifically bound to 'G' allele of NFATC2 rs4811198 SNP and has-miR-4652-3p miRNA specifically bound to 'G' allele of NFATC4 rs11848279 SNP. Overall, our study suggests that NFATC2 rs4811198(T>G) 3' UTR &NFATC2 rs12479626(T>C) structural SNPs may be associated with GV susceptibility in Gujarat population. Moreover, the susceptible alleles for the 3' UTR SNPs could lead to reduced NFATs levels, which may further possibly, affect the Treg suppressive function leading to GV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Giri
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Uka Tarsadia University, Bardoli, Surat- 394 350, Gujarat, India
| | - Radhika Bhimani
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Uka Tarsadia University, Bardoli, Surat- 394 350, Gujarat, India
| | - Siddhika Patil
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Uka Tarsadia University, Bardoli, Surat- 394 350, Gujarat, India
| | - Mitesh Dwivedi
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Uka Tarsadia University, Bardoli, Surat- 394 350, Gujarat, India.
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Geng CA, Chen FY, Zheng JB, Liao P, Li TZ, Zhang XM, Chen X, Chen JJ. Rubiginosin B selectively inhibits Treg cell differentiation and enhances anti-tumor immune responses by targeting calcineurin-NFAT signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 116:154898. [PMID: 37247590 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The accumulation of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) dampens anti-tumor immune responses and promotes tumor progression. Therefore, the elimination of Tregs has become a strategy to enhance the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy, although it is still a daunting challenge. Rhododendron brachypodum (R. brachypodum) is a perennial shrub mainly distributed in Southwestern China, whereas the chemical constituents in this plant remain elusive. PURPOSE To identify small-molecule inhibitors of Tregs from R. brachypodum. METHODS Meroterpenoids in R. brachypodum were isolated by column chromatography under the guidance of LCMS analyses. The structures of isolates were identified by spectroscopic data and quantum calculations. The activities of compounds were first evaluated on CD4+ T cell differentiation by flow cytometry in Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg polarizing conditions, and then on CT26 and MC38 murine colorectal carcinoma cells-allografted mice models. The mechanism of action was first investigated by determining Foxp3 degradation in Jurkat T cells transfected with pLVX-TetOne-Puro-Foxp3-tGFP, and then through analyses of Foxp3 expression on several pre-transcriptional signaling molecules. RESULTS Two new prenylated phenolic acids (1 and 2) and a chromane meroterpenoid, rubiginosin B (RGB, 3) were obtained from R. brachypodum. The structure of S-anthopogochromene C (1) was rectified according to the electronic circular dichroism (ECD) experiment, and rhodobrachypodic acid (2) was proposed as the precursor of RGB by photochemical transformation. In this investigation, we first found that RGB (3) selectively suppressed the de novo differentiation of TGFβ-induced CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (iTregs), overcome the immunosuppressive TME, and consequently inhibited the growth of tumor in mouse models. The mechanistic study revealed that RGB could target calcineurin, inhibited the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) dephosphorylation, and down-regulated Foxp3 expression. The hypothetical binding modes of RGB with calcineurin were predicted by molecular docking, and the interactions were mainly hydrophobic effects and hydrogen bonds. CONCLUSION These results suggest that RGB enhances anti-tumor immune responses by inhibiting Treg cell differentiation through calcineurin-NFAT signaling pathway, and therefore RGB or its analogs may be used as adjuvant agents meriting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-An Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Feng-Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Science, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jing-Bin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Science, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Ping Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Science, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Tian-Ze Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xue-Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Science, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China.; MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, China.
| | - Ji-Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Nieto-Felipe J, Macias-Diaz A, Sanchez-Collado J, Berna-Erro A, Jardin I, Salido GM, Lopez JJ, Rosado JA. Role of Orai-family channels in the activation and regulation of transcriptional activity. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:714-726. [PMID: 36952615 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Store operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is a cornerstone for the maintenance of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and the regulation of a variety of cellular functions. SOCE is mediated by STIM and Orai proteins following the activation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors. Then, a reduction of the endoplasmic reticulum intraluminal Ca2+ concentration is sensed by STIM proteins, which undergo a conformational change and activate plasma membrane Ca2+ channels comprised by Orai proteins. STIM1/Orai-mediated Ca2+ signals are finely regulated and modulate the activity of different transcription factors, including certain isoforms of the nuclear factor of activated T-cells, the cAMP-response element binding protein, the nuclear factor κ-light chain-enhancer of activated B cells, c-fos, and c-myc. These transcription factors associate SOCE with a plethora of signaling events and cellular functions. Here we provide an overview of the current knowledge about the role of Orai channels in the regulation of transcription factors through Ca2+ -dependent signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Nieto-Felipe
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Universitario de Biomarcadores de Patologías Moleculares, Universidad de Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Alvaro Macias-Diaz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Universitario de Biomarcadores de Patologías Moleculares, Universidad de Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Jose Sanchez-Collado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Universitario de Biomarcadores de Patologías Moleculares, Universidad de Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Alejandro Berna-Erro
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Universitario de Biomarcadores de Patologías Moleculares, Universidad de Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Isaac Jardin
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Universitario de Biomarcadores de Patologías Moleculares, Universidad de Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Gines M Salido
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Universitario de Biomarcadores de Patologías Moleculares, Universidad de Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Jose J Lopez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Universitario de Biomarcadores de Patologías Moleculares, Universidad de Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Juan A Rosado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Universitario de Biomarcadores de Patologías Moleculares, Universidad de Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
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9
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Latif MU, Schmidt GE, Mercan S, Rahman R, Gibhardt CS, Stejerean-Todoran I, Reutlinger K, Hessmann E, Singh SK, Moeed A, Rehman A, Butt UJ, Bohnenberger H, Stroebel P, Bremer SC, Neesse A, Bogeski I, Ellenrieder V. NFATc1 signaling drives chronic ER stress responses to promote NAFLD progression. Gut 2022; 71:2561-2573. [PMID: 35365570 PMCID: PMC9664107 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can persist in the stage of simple hepatic steatosis or progress to steatohepatitis (NASH) with an increased risk for cirrhosis and cancer. We examined the mechanisms controlling the progression to severe NASH in order to develop future treatment strategies for this disease. DESIGN NFATc1 activation and regulation was examined in livers from patients with NAFLD, cultured and primary hepatocytes and in transgenic mice with differential hepatocyte-specific expression of the transcription factor (Alb-cre, NFATc1c.a . and NFATc1Δ/Δ ). Animals were fed with high-fat western diet (WD) alone or in combination with tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), a candidate drug for NAFLD treatment. NFATc1-dependent ER stress-responses, NLRP3 inflammasome activation and disease progression were assessed both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS NFATc1 expression was weak in healthy livers but strongly induced in advanced NAFLD stages, where it correlates with liver enzyme values as well as hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Moreover, high-fat WD increased NFATc1 expression, nuclear localisation and activation to promote NAFLD progression, whereas hepatocyte-specific depletion of the transcription factor can prevent mice from disease acceleration. Mechanistically, NFATc1 drives liver cell damage and inflammation through ER stress sensing and activation of the PERK-CHOP unfolded protein response (UPR). Finally, NFATc1-induced disease progression towards NASH can be blocked by TUDCA administration. CONCLUSION NFATc1 stimulates NAFLD progression through chronic ER stress sensing and subsequent activation of terminal UPR signalling in hepatocytes. Interfering with ER stress-responses, for example, by TUDCA, protects fatty livers from progression towards manifest NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umair Latif
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gottingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Geske Elisabeth Schmidt
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gottingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Sercan Mercan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gottingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Raza Rahman
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christine Silvia Gibhardt
- Molecular Physiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gottingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Ioana Stejerean-Todoran
- Molecular Physiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gottingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Kristina Reutlinger
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gottingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Hessmann
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gottingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Shiv K Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gottingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Abdul Moeed
- Institute for Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Abdul Rehman
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gottingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Umer Javed Butt
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max-Planck-Institute for Experimental Medicine, Goettingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | | | - Philipp Stroebel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gottingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Christopher Bremer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gottingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Albrecht Neesse
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gottingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Ivan Bogeski
- Molecular Physiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gottingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Volker Ellenrieder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gottingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
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10
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Giri PS, Bharti AH, Begum R, Dwivedi M. Calcium controlled NFATc1 activation enhances suppressive capacity of regulatory T cells isolated from generalized vitiligo patients. Immunol Suppl 2022; 167:314-327. [PMID: 35754117 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NFATs and FOXP3 are linked with impaired regulatory T-cells(Tregs) in generalized vitiligo(GV). OBJECTIVES To elucidate calcium mediated NFATc1 signalling pathway and its effect on Treg suppressive capacity in GV. METHODS Calcium levels,calcineurin,NFATc1 & GSK-3β activity and cell proliferation were assessed in 52 GV patients and 50 controls by calcium assay kit,calcineurin phosphatase assay kit,TransAM NFATc1 kit,GSK-3β ELISA and BrdU cell proliferation assay. Transcripts(CNB,CAM,GSK3B,DYRK1A & calcium channel genes) and protein(IFN-γ,IL-10 & TGF-β)expressions were assessed by qPCR and ELISA respectively. RESULTS Reduced plasma & intracellular Tregs calcium levels and ORAI1 transcripts suggested altered calcium homeostasis in GV Tregs(p=0.00387,p=0.0048,p<0.0001),which led to decreased calcineurin and NFATc1 activity in GV Tregs(p=0.0299,p<0.0001). CNB and CAM transcripts were reduced in GV Tregs(p<0.0001,p=0.0004). GSK-3β activity,GSK3B & DYRK1A transcripts significantly increased in GV Tregs(p=0.0134,p<0.0001&p<0.0001). Plasma(p=0.0225,p=0.032) and intracellular Treg(p=0.0035,p=0.005) calcium levels,calcineurin(p=0.001) & NFATc1(p=0.001,p<0.0001) activity and ORAI1(p=0.0093,p<0.0001),CAM and CNB(p=0.0214) transcripts significant decreased in active vitiligo(AV) and severe GV(sGV) Tregs. Calcium treatment significantly increased intracellular calcium and ORAI1 transcripts in GV Tregs(p=0.0042,p=0.0035). Moreover, calcium treatment enhanced calcineurin and NFATc1 activity in GV Tregs(p=0.0128,p<0.0001). Remarkably, calcium treatment increased Treg mediated suppression of CD4+ &CD8+ T-cells(p=0.015,p=0.006) in GV and increased Tregs associated cytokines:IL-10(p=0.0323,p=0.009), TGF-β(p=0.0321,p=0.01) and decreased IFN-γ production(p=0.001,p=0.016) by CD4+ &CD8+ T-cells. Intracellular calcium levels positively correlated with calcineurin(r=0.83;p<0.0001) and NFATc1(r=0.61;p<0.0001) activity, suggesting the enhanced Treg immunosuppressive capacity after calcium treatment. CONCLUSION Our study for the first time suggests that reduced plasma calcium and ORAI1 transcripts are linked to calcium uptake defects in Tregs, which leads to reduced calcineurin and NFATc1 activation, thereby contributing to decreased Tregs immunosuppressive capacity in GV. Elevated GSK-3β activity and GSKB & DYRK1A transcripts are involved in reduced NFATc1 activity in GV Tregs. Overall, the study suggests that calcium-NFATc1-signalling pathway is likely to be involved in defective Tregs function and can be implicated for development of effective Treg mediated therapeutics for GV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant S Giri
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Uka Tarsadia University, Bardoli, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Ankit H Bharti
- Aura skin care, Laxmi Icon 2nd Floor, Unai Road, near Swaminarayan Temple, Vyara, Gujarat, India
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Mitesh Dwivedi
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Uka Tarsadia University, Bardoli, Surat, Gujarat, India
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11
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Hong Y, Guo H, Wei M, Zhang Y, Fang M, Cheng T, Li Z, Ge S, Yao X, Yuan Q, Xia N. Cell-based reporter assays for measurements of antibody-mediated cellular cytotoxicity and phagocytosis against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. J Virol Methods 2022; 307:114564. [PMID: 35671888 PMCID: PMC9167684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2022.114564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infections has led to excess deaths worldwide. Neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against viral spike protein acquired from natural infections or vaccinations contribute to protection against new- and re-infections. Besides neutralization, antibody-mediated cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and phagocytosis (ADCP) are also important for viral clearance. However, due to the lack of convenient methods, the ADCC and ADCP responses elicited by viral infections or vaccinations remain to be explored. Here, we developed cell-based assays using target cells stably expressing SARS-CoV-2 spikes and Jurkat-NFAT-CD16a/CD32a effector cells for ADCC/ADCP measurements of monoclonal antibodies and human convalescent COVID-19 plasmas (HCPs). In control samples (n = 190), the specificity was 99.5% (95%CI: 98.4–100%) and 97.4% (95%CI: 95.1–99.6%) for the ADCC and ADCP assays, respectively. Among 87 COVID-19 HCPs, 83 (sensitivity: 95.4%, 95%CI: 91.0–99.8%) and 81 (sensitivity: 93.1%, 95%CI: 87.8–98.4%) showed detectable ADCC (titer range: 7.4–1721.6) and ADCP activities (titer range: 4–523.2). Notably, both ADCC and ADCP antibody titers positively correlated with the nAb titers in HCPs. In summary, we developed new tools for quantitative ADCC and ADCP analysis against SARS-CoV-2, which may facilitate further evaluations of Fc-mediated effector functions in preventing and treating against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Huilin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Min Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Yali Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Mujin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Tong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Shengxiang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyang Yao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P.R. China.
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China.
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China
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12
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Baccam GC, Xie J, Jin X, Park H, Wang B, Husson H, Ibraghimov-Beskrovnaya O, Huang CL. Glucosylceramide synthase inhibition protects against cardiac hypertrophy in chronic kidney disease. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9340. [PMID: 35660779 PMCID: PMC9167280 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13390-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant population of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) develops cardiac hypertrophy, which can lead to heart failure and sudden cardiac death. Soluble klotho (sKL), the shed ectodomain of the transmembrane protein klotho, protects the heart against hypertrophic growth. We have shown that sKL protects the heart by regulating the formation and function of lipid rafts by targeting the sialic acid moiety of gangliosides, GM1/GM3. Reduction in circulating sKL contributes to an increased risk of cardiac hypertrophy in mice. sKL replacement therapy has been considered but its use is limited by the inability to mass produce the protein. Therefore, alternative methods to protect the heart are proposed. Glucosylation of ceramide catalyzed by glucosylceramide synthase is the entry step for the formation of gangliosides. Here we show that oral administration of a glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor (GCSi) reduces plasma and heart tissue glycosphingolipids, including gangliosides. Administration of GCSi is protective in two mouse models of cardiac stress-induction, one with isoproterenol overstimulation and the other with 5/6 nephrectomy-induced CKD. Treatment with GCSi does not alter the severity of renal dysfunction and hypertension in CKD. These results provide proof of principle for targeting glucosylceramide synthase to decrease gangliosides as a treatment for cardiac hypertrophy. They also support the hypothesis that sKL protects the heart by targeting gangliosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel C Baccam
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, E300 GH, Iowa City, IA, 52242-1081, USA
| | - Jian Xie
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, E300 GH, Iowa City, IA, 52242-1081, USA
| | - Xin Jin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, E300 GH, Iowa City, IA, 52242-1081, USA
| | - Hyejung Park
- US Early Development, Synthetics Platform, Global CMC Development, Sanofi, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
| | - Bing Wang
- US Early Development, Synthetics Platform, Global CMC Development, Sanofi, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
| | - Hervé Husson
- Genomic Medicine Unit, Sanofi, Framingham, MA, 01701, USA
| | - Oxana Ibraghimov-Beskrovnaya
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases, Sanofi, Framingham, MA, 01701, USA
- Dyne Therapeutics, 1560 Trapelo Road, Waltham, MA, 20451, USA
| | - Chou-Long Huang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, E300 GH, Iowa City, IA, 52242-1081, USA.
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13
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The interplay between membrane topology and mechanical forces in regulating T cell receptor activity. Commun Biol 2022; 5:40. [PMID: 35017678 PMCID: PMC8752658 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02995-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells are critically important for host defense against infections. T cell activation is specific because signal initiation requires T cell receptor (TCR) recognition of foreign antigen peptides presented by major histocompatibility complexes (pMHC) on antigen presenting cells (APCs). Recent advances reveal that the TCR acts as a mechanoreceptor, but it remains unclear how pMHC/TCR engagement generates mechanical forces that are converted to intracellular signals. Here we propose a TCR Bending Mechanosignal (TBM) model, in which local bending of the T cell membrane on the nanometer scale allows sustained contact of relatively small pMHC/TCR complexes interspersed among large surface receptors and adhesion molecules on the opposing surfaces of T cells and APCs. Localized T cell membrane bending is suggested to increase accessibility of TCR signaling domains to phosphorylation, facilitate selective recognition of agonists that form catch bonds, and reduce noise signals associated with slip bonds. Al-Aghbar et al propose a TCR bending mechanosignal model that demonstrates how local mechanical membrane bending may influence T cell receptor binding events and thus T-cell activation.
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14
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Miyata Y, Fuse H, Tokumoto S, Hiki Y, Deviatiiarov R, Yoshida Y, Yamada TG, Cornette R, Gusev O, Shagimardanova E, Funahashi A, Kikawada T. Cas9-mediated genome editing reveals a significant contribution of calcium signaling pathways to anhydrobiosis in Pv11 cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19698. [PMID: 34611198 PMCID: PMC8492635 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98905-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pv11 is an insect cell line established from the midge Polypedilum vanderplanki, whose larval form exhibits an extreme desiccation tolerance known as anhydrobiosis. Pv11 itself is also capable of anhydrobiosis, which is induced by trehalose treatment. Here we report the successful construction of a genome editing system for Pv11 cells and its application to the identification of signaling pathways involved in anhydrobiosis. Using the Cas9-mediated gene knock-in system, we established Pv11 cells that stably expressed GCaMP3 to monitor intracellular Ca2+ mobilization. Intriguingly, trehalose treatment evoked a transient increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, and further experiments revealed that the calmodulin-calcineurin-NFAT pathway contributes to tolerance of trehalose treatment as well as desiccation tolerance, while the calmodulin-calmodulin kinase-CREB pathway conferred only desiccation tolerance on Pv11 cells. Thus, our results show a critical contribution of the trehalose-induced Ca2+ surge to anhydrobiosis and demonstrate temporally different roles for each signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugo Miyata
- Division of Biomaterial Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroto Fuse
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shoko Tokumoto
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hiki
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ruslan Deviatiiarov
- Extreme Biology Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Yuki Yoshida
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
- Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takahiro G Yamada
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Richard Cornette
- Division of Biomaterial Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Oleg Gusev
- Extreme Biology Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Laboratory for Transcriptome Technology, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Elena Shagimardanova
- Extreme Biology Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Akira Funahashi
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kikawada
- Division of Biomaterial Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan.
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.
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15
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Ortega MA, Fraile-Martínez O, García-Montero C, Álvarez-Mon MA, Chaowen C, Ruiz-Grande F, Pekarek L, Monserrat J, Asúnsolo A, García-Honduvilla N, Álvarez-Mon M, Bujan J. Understanding Chronic Venous Disease: A Critical Overview of Its Pathophysiology and Medical Management. J Clin Med 2021; 10:3239. [PMID: 34362022 PMCID: PMC8348673 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10153239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic venous disease (CVD) is a multifactorial condition affecting an important percentage of the global population. It ranges from mild clinical signs, such as telangiectasias or reticular veins, to severe manifestations, such as venous ulcerations. However, varicose veins (VVs) are the most common manifestation of CVD. The explicit mechanisms of the disease are not well-understood. It seems that genetics and a plethora of environmental agents play an important role in the development and progression of CVD. The exposure to these factors leads to altered hemodynamics of the venous system, described as ambulatory venous hypertension, therefore promoting microcirculatory changes, inflammatory responses, hypoxia, venous wall remodeling, and epigenetic variations, even with important systemic implications. Thus, a proper clinical management of patients with CVD is essential to prevent potential harms of the disease, which also entails a significant loss of the quality of life in these individuals. Hence, the aim of the present review is to collect the current knowledge of CVD, including its epidemiology, etiology, and risk factors, but emphasizing the pathophysiology and medical care of these patients, including clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatments. Furthermore, future directions will also be covered in this work in order to provide potential fields to explore in the context of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (C.C.); (L.P.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martínez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (C.C.); (L.P.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (C.C.); (L.P.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Miguel A. Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (C.C.); (L.P.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Chen Chaowen
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (C.C.); (L.P.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.)
| | - Fernando Ruiz-Grande
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain;
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Príncipe de Asturias Hospital, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Leonel Pekarek
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (C.C.); (L.P.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jorge Monserrat
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (C.C.); (L.P.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Angel Asúnsolo
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain;
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Natalio García-Honduvilla
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (C.C.); (L.P.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (C.C.); (L.P.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Immune System Diseases—Rheumatology and Internal Medicine Service, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, (CIBEREHD), 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Julia Bujan
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (C.C.); (L.P.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
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16
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Lee JK, Koo SY, Nam HM, Lee JB, Ko J, Kim KM, Park EJ, Kim TJ, Lee H, Go H, Lee CW. Ssu72 is a T-cell receptor-responsive modifier that is indispensable for regulatory T cells. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:1395-1411. [PMID: 33850312 PMCID: PMC8166877 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00671-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The homeostatic balance between effector T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) is crucial for adaptive immunity; however, epigenetic programs that inhibit phosphorylation to regulate Treg development, peripheral expression, and suppressive activity are elusive. Here, we found that the Ssu72 phosphatase is activated by various T-cell receptor signaling pathways, including the T-cell receptor and IL-2R pathways, and localizes at the cell membrane. Deletion of Ssu72 in T cells disrupts CD4+ T-cell differentiation into Tregs in the periphery via the production of high levels of the effector cytokines IL-2 and IFNγ, which induce CD4+ T-cell activation and differentiation into effector cell lineages. We also found a close correlation between downregulation of Ssu72 and severe defects in mucosal tolerance in patients. Interestingly, Ssu72 forms a complex with PLCγ1, which is an essential effector molecule for T-cell receptor signaling as well as Treg development and function. Ssu72 deficiency impairs PLCγ1 downstream signaling and results in failure of Foxp3 induction. Thus, our studies show that the Ssu72-mediated cytokine response coordinates the differentiation and function of Treg cells in the periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Kwan Lee
- Research Institute, Curogen Technology, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Seo-Young Koo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hye-Mi Nam
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
- MOGAM Institute for Biomedical Research, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Jee-Boong Lee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jiwon Ko
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Mo Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Park
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Tae Jin Kim
- Department of Immunology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ho Lee
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi, South Korea.
| | - Heounjeong Go
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Chang-Woo Lee
- Research Institute, Curogen Technology, Suwon, South Korea.
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.
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17
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Abstract
Clinical disorders that impair bile flow result in retention of bile acids and cholestatic liver injury, characterized by parenchymal cell death, bile duct proliferation, liver inflammation and fibrosis. However, the pathogenic role of bile acids in the development of cholestatic liver injury remains incompletely understood. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of this process focusing on the experimental and clinical evidence for direct effects of bile acids on each major cellular component of the liver: hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, stellate cells and immune cells. During cholestasis bile acids accumulated in the liver, causing oxidative stress and mitochondrial injury in hepatocytes. The stressed hepatocytes respond by releasing inflammatory cytokines through activation of specific signaling pathways and transcription factors. The recruited neutrophils and other immune cells then cause parenchymal cell death. In addition, bile acids also stimulate the proliferation of cholangiocytes and stellate cells that are responsible for bile duct proliferation and liver fibrosis. This review explores the evidence for bile acid involvement in these phenomena. The role of bile acid receptors, TGR5, FXR and the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 and the inflammasome are also examined. We hope that better understanding of these pathologic effects will facilitate new strategies for treating cholestatic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ying Cai
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - James L Boyer
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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18
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Zöphel D, Hof C, Lis A. Altered Ca 2+ Homeostasis in Immune Cells during Aging: Role of Ion Channels. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010110. [PMID: 33374304 PMCID: PMC7794837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is an unstoppable process and begins shortly after birth. Each cell of the organism is affected by the irreversible process, not only with equal density but also at varying ages and with different speed. Therefore, aging can also be understood as an adaptation to a continually changing cellular environment. One of these very prominent changes in age affects Ca2+ signaling. Especially immune cells highly rely on Ca2+-dependent processes and a strictly regulated Ca2+ homeostasis. The intricate patterns of impaired immune cell function may represent a deficit or compensatory mechanisms. Besides, altered immune function through Ca2+ signaling can profoundly affect the development of age-related disease. This review attempts to summarize changes in Ca2+ signaling due to channels and receptors in T cells and beyond in the context of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Annette Lis
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-06841-1616318; Fax: +49-(0)-6841-1616302
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19
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Soheilifar MH, Vaseghi H, Seif F, Ariana M, Ghorbanifar S, Habibi N, Papari Barjasteh F, Pornour M. Concomitant overexpression of mir-182-5p and mir-182-3p raises the possibility of IL-17-producing Treg formation in breast cancer by targeting CD3d, ITK, FOXO1, and NFATs: A meta-analysis and experimental study. Cancer Sci 2020; 112:589-603. [PMID: 33283362 PMCID: PMC7893989 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells are polarized toward regulatory T cells (Tregs) in tumor microenvironment by the shuttling of microRNAs that target T cell–activating signaling pathways. We evaluated the expression of the miR‐182 cluster (miR‐96, 182, and 183) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with breast cancer (BC), and T cell polarization by the expression of FOXO1, NFATs, ITK, TCR/CD3 complex, and IL‐2/IL‐2RA. Twenty‐six microRNAs overexpressed in tumor tissues and sera of these patients were extracted by a meta‐analysis. Then, the expression of the miR‐182 cluster was investigated in PBMCs and sera of these patients and correlated with their targets in PBMCs. Finally, miR‐182 was cloned into Jurkat cells to evaluate its effects on T cell polarization. FOXO1, CD3d, ITK, NFATc3, NFATc4, and IL‐2RA were targeted by miR‐182, due to which their expression decreased in PBMCs of patients. Although IL‐6, IL‐17, and TGF‐β increased after miR‐182 transduction, IL‐2 dramatically decreased. We revealed CD4+FOXP3+ T cell differentiation in the miR‐182–transduced group. Although miR‐182 has inhibitory effects on T cells by the inhibition of FOXO1, TCR/CD3 complex, NFATs, and IL‐2/IL‐2RA signaling pathways, it increases FOXP3, TGF‐β, and IL‐17 expression to possibly drive T cell deviation toward the transitional state of IL‐17–producing Tregs and Treg formation in the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hasan Soheilifar
- Department of Photo Healing and Regeneration, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hajar Vaseghi
- Medical Genetics Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Seif
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ariana
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Ghorbanifar
- Department of Photo Healing and Regeneration, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Habibi
- Department of Photo Healing and Regeneration, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Papari Barjasteh
- Department of Photo Healing and Regeneration, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Pornour
- Department of Photo Healing and Regeneration, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
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20
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Formaldehyde exposure induces regulatory T cell-mediated immunosuppression via calcineurin-NFAT signalling pathway. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17023. [PMID: 33046725 PMCID: PMC7550593 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72502-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of Formaldehyde (FA) exposure on splenic immune responses wherein helper T cells become activated and differentiate into effector T and regulatory T cells. BALB/c mice were exposed to two FA concentrations (1.38 mg/m3 and 5.36 mg/m3) for 4 h/day and 5 days/week for 2 weeks. FA-induced immune responses were examined by the production of cytokines, expression of mRNAs, and distributions of helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Moreover, expression of calcineurin and NFATs, regulatory T cell-related signalling proteins, were evaluated. FA exposure suppressed Th2-, Th1-, and Th17-related splenic cytokines in a dose-dependent manner. mRNA expression of splenic cytokines was also decreased by FA exposure, which correlated with decreased cytokine expression. In parallel, FA exposure promoted T cell differentiation into regulatory T cells in a dose-dependent manner supported by the expression of calcineurin and NFAT1. Taken together, our results indicated that FA exposure increases the number of regulatory T cells via calcineurin-NFAT signalling, thereby leading to effector T cell activity suppression with decreased T cell-related cytokine secretion and mRNA expression. These findings provide insight into the mechanisms underlying the adverse effects of FA and accordingly have general implications for human health, particularly in occupational settings.
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21
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Taherkhani S, Suzuki K, Castell L. A Short Overview of Changes in Inflammatory Cytokines and Oxidative Stress in Response to Physical Activity and Antioxidant Supplementation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E886. [PMID: 32962110 PMCID: PMC7555806 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive release of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress (OS) are triggering factors in the onset of chronic diseases. One of the factors that can ensure health in humans is regular physical activity. This type of activity can enhance immune function and dramatically prevent the spread of the cytokine response and OS. However, if physical activity is done intensely at irregular intervals, it is not only unhealthy but can also lead to muscle damage, OS, and inflammation. In this review, the response of cytokines and OS to exercise is described. In addition, it is focused predominantly on the role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) generated from muscle metabolism and damage during exercise and on the modulatory effects of antioxidant supplements. Furthermore, the influence of factors such as age, sex, and type of exercise protocol (volume, duration, and intensity of training) is analyzed. The effect of antioxidant supplements on improving OS and inflammatory cytokines is somewhat ambiguous. More research is needed to understand this issue, considering in greater detail factors such as level of training, health status, age, sex, disease, and type of exercise protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Taherkhani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht 4199843653, Iran;
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan
| | - Lindy Castell
- Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6HG, UK
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22
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Tazawa K, Kawashima N, Kuramoto M, Noda S, Fujii M, Nara K, Hashimoto K, Okiji T. Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 Is Up-Regulated in Response to Lipopolysaccharide via P38/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Dental Pulp Cells and Promotes Mineralization. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:2417-2426. [PMID: 32919979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Increased expression of the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel has been detected in carious tooth pulp, suggesting involvement of TRPA1 in defense or repair of this tissue after exogenous noxious stimuli. This study aimed to elucidate the induction mechanism in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation and the function of TRPA1 in dental pulp cells. Stimulation of human dental pulp cells with LPS up-regulated TRPA1 expression, as demonstrated by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting. LPS stimulation also promoted nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and p38/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation. NOR5, an NO donor, up-regulated TRPA1 expression, whereas 1400W, an inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase, and SB202190, a p38/MAPK inhibitor, down-regulated LPS-induced TRPA1 expression. Moreover, JT010, a TRPA1 agonist, increased the intracellular calcium concentration and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation, and up-regulated alkaline phosphatase mRNA in human dental pulp cells. Icilin-a TRPA1 agonist-up-regulated secreted phosphoprotein 1 mRNA expression and promoted mineralized nodule formation in mouse dental papilla cells. In vivo expression of TRPA1 was detected in odontoblasts along the tertiary dentin of carious teeth. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that LPS stimulation induced TRPA1 via the NO-p38 MAPK signaling pathway and TRPA1 agonists promoted differentiation or mineralization of dental pulp cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Tazawa
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Nobuyuki Kawashima
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masashi Kuramoto
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sonoko Noda
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayuko Fujii
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nara
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Okiji
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Recent insights of T cell receptor-mediated signaling pathways for T cell activation and development. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:750-761. [PMID: 32439954 PMCID: PMC7272404 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0435-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell activation requires extracellular stimulatory signals that are mainly mediated by T cell receptor (TCR) complexes. The TCR recognizes antigens on major histocompatibility complex molecules with the cooperation of CD4 or CD8 coreceptors. After recognition, TCR-induced signaling cascades that propagate signals via various molecules and second messengers are induced. Consequently, many features of T cell-mediated immune responses are determined by these intracellular signaling cascades. Furthermore, differences in the magnitude of TCR signaling direct T cells toward distinct effector linages. Therefore, stringent regulation of T cell activation is crucial for T cell homeostasis and proper immune responses. Dysregulation of TCR signaling can result in anergy or autoimmunity. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the pathways that govern how the TCR complex transmits signals into cells and the roles of effector molecules that are involved in these pathways.
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24
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The Therapeutic Potential of MicroRNAs in Atrial Fibrillation. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:3053520. [PMID: 32256190 PMCID: PMC7091547 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3053520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most globally prevalent supraventricular arrhythmias is atrial fibrillation (AF). Knowledge of the structures and functions of messenger RNA (mRNA) has recently increased. It is no longer viewed as solely an intermediate molecule between DNA and proteins but has come to be seen as a dynamic and modifiable gene regulator. This new perspective on mRNA has led to rising interest in it and its presence in research into new therapeutic schemes. This paper, therefore, focuses on microRNAs (miRNAs), which are small noncoding RNAs that regulate posttranscriptional gene expression and play a vital role in the physiology and normative development of cardiovascular systems. This means they play an equally vital role in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, multiple studies have pinpointed particular miRNA expression profiles as being associated with varying histological features of AF. These studies have been carried out in both animal models and AF patients. The emergence of miRNAs as biomarkers and their therapeutic potential in AF patients will be discussed in the body of this paper.
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25
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Van Coillie S, Wiernicki B, Xu J. Molecular and Cellular Functions of CTLA-4. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1248:7-32. [PMID: 32185705 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-3266-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) is an inhibitory receptor belonging to the CD28 immunoglobulin subfamily, expressed primarily by T-cells. Its ligands, CD80 and CD86, are typically found on the surface of antigen-presenting cells and can either bind CD28 or CTLA-4, resulting in a costimulatory or a co-inhibitory response, respectively. Because of its dampening effect, CTLA-4 is a crucial regulator of T-cell homeostasis and self-tolerance. The mechanisms by which CTLA-4 exerts its inhibitory function can be categorized as either cell-intrinsic (affects the CTLA-4 expressing T-cell) or cell-extrinsic (affects secondary cells). Research from the last decade has shown that CTLA-4 mainly acts in a cell-extrinsic manner via its competition with CD28, CTLA-4-mediated trans-endocytosis of CD80 and CD86, and its direct tolerogenic effects on the interacting cell. Nonetheless, intrinsic CTLA-4 signaling has been implicated in T-cell motility and the regulation of CTLA-4 its subcellular localization amongst others. CTLA-4 is well recognized as a key immune checkpoint and has gained significant momentum as a therapeutic target in the field of autoimmunity and cancer. In this chapter, we describe the role of costimulation in immune response induction as well as the main mechanisms by which CTLA-4 can inhibit this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samya Van Coillie
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Zwijnaarde, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Bartosz Wiernicki
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Zwijnaarde, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jie Xu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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26
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Wei X, Li H, Zhang Y, Li C, Li K, Ai K, Yang J. Ca2+–Calcineurin Axis–Controlled NFAT Nuclear Translocation Is Crucial for Optimal T Cell Immunity in an Early Vertebrate. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 204:569-585. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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27
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Dolcino M, Tinazzi E, Vitali C, Del Papa N, Puccetti A, Lunardi C. Long Non-Coding RNAs Modulate Sjögren's Syndrome Associated Gene Expression and Are Involved in the Pathogenesis of the Disease. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091349. [PMID: 31480511 PMCID: PMC6780488 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSjS) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disorder, primarily affecting exocrine glands; its pathogenesis is still unclear. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and a comprehensive analysis of lncRNAs expression in pSjS is still lacking. To this aim, the expression of more than 540,000 human transcripts, including those ascribed to more than 50,000 lncRNAs is profiled at the same time, in a cohort of 16 peripheral blood mononuclear cells PBMCs samples (eight pSjS and eight healthy subjects). A complex network analysis is carried out on the global set of molecular interactions among modulated genes and lncRNAs, leading to the identification of reliable lncRNA-miRNA-gene functional interactions. Taking this approach, a few lncRNAs are identified as targeting highly connected genes in the pSjS transcriptome, since they have a major impact on gene modulation in the disease. Such genes are involved in biological processes and molecular pathways crucial in the pathogenesis of pSjS, including immune response, B cell development and function, inflammation, apoptosis, type I and gamma interferon, epithelial cell adhesion and polarization. The identification of deregulated lncRNAs that modulate genes involved in the typical features of the disease provides insight in disease pathogenesis and opens avenues for the design of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Dolcino
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Elisa Tinazzi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Claudio Vitali
- Sections of Rheumatology, Villa S. Giuseppe, Como and Casa di Cura di Lecco, 23900 Lecco, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Puccetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Histology, University of Genova, Via G.B. Marsano 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Claudio Lunardi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy.
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28
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Günay KA, Ceccato TL, Silver JS, Bannister KL, Bednarski OJ, Leinwand LA, Anseth KS. PEG-Anthracene Hydrogels as an On-Demand Stiffening Matrix To Study Mechanobiology. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:9912-9916. [PMID: 31119851 PMCID: PMC6660351 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in materials that can dynamically change their properties in the presence of cells to study mechanobiology. Herein, we exploit the 365 nm light mediated [4+4] photodimerization of anthracene groups to develop cytocompatible PEG-based hydrogels with tailorable initial moduli that can be further stiffened. A hydrogel formulation that can stiffen from 10 to 50 kPa, corresponding to the stiffness of a healthy and fibrotic heart, respectively, was prepared. This system was used to monitor the stiffness-dependent localization of NFAT, a downstream target of intracellular calcium signaling using a reporter in live cardiac fibroblasts (CFbs). NFAT translocates to the nucleus of CFbs on stiffening hydrogels within 6 h, whereas it remains cytoplasmic when the CFbs are cultured on either 10 or 50 kPa static hydrogels. This finding demonstrates how dynamic changes in the mechanical properties of a material can reveal the kinetics of mechanoresponsive cell signaling pathways that may otherwise be missed in cells cultured on static substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Arda Günay
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, 80309, CO, USA
- The BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, 80309, CO, USA
| | - Tova L. Ceccato
- The BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, 80309, CO, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, 80309, CO, USA
| | - Jason S. Silver
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, 80309, CO, USA
- The BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, 80309, CO, USA
| | - Kendra L. Bannister
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, 80309, CO, USA
- The BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, 80309, CO, USA
| | - Olivia J. Bednarski
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, 80309, CO, USA
- The BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, 80309, CO, USA
| | - Leslie A. Leinwand
- The BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, 80309, CO, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, 80309, CO, USA
| | - Kristi S. Anseth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, 80309, CO, USA
- The BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, 80309, CO, USA
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29
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Günay KA, Ceccato TL, Silver JS, Bannister KL, Bednarski OJ, Leinwand LA, Anseth KS. PEG–Anthracene Hydrogels as an On‐Demand Stiffening Matrix To Study Mechanobiology. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Arda Günay
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Colorado, Boulder Boulder CO 80309 USA
- The BioFrontiers InstituteUniversity of Colorado, Boulder Boulder CO 80309 USA
| | - Tova L. Ceccato
- The BioFrontiers InstituteUniversity of Colorado, Boulder Boulder CO 80309 USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental BiologyUniversity of Colorado, Boulder Boulder CO 80309 USA
| | - Jason S. Silver
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Colorado, Boulder Boulder CO 80309 USA
- The BioFrontiers InstituteUniversity of Colorado, Boulder Boulder CO 80309 USA
| | - Kendra L. Bannister
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Colorado, Boulder Boulder CO 80309 USA
- The BioFrontiers InstituteUniversity of Colorado, Boulder Boulder CO 80309 USA
| | - Olivia J. Bednarski
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Colorado, Boulder Boulder CO 80309 USA
- The BioFrontiers InstituteUniversity of Colorado, Boulder Boulder CO 80309 USA
| | - Leslie A. Leinwand
- The BioFrontiers InstituteUniversity of Colorado, Boulder Boulder CO 80309 USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental BiologyUniversity of Colorado, Boulder Boulder CO 80309 USA
| | - Kristi S. Anseth
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Colorado, Boulder Boulder CO 80309 USA
- The BioFrontiers InstituteUniversity of Colorado, Boulder Boulder CO 80309 USA
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30
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Whole-exome sequencing identifies rare genetic variations in German families with pulmonary sarcoidosis. Hum Genet 2018; 137:705-716. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-018-1915-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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31
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Jang JE, Kim HP, Han SW, Jang H, Lee SH, Song SH, Bang D, Kim TY. NFATC3-PLA2G15 Fusion Transcript Identified by RNA Sequencing Promotes Tumor Invasion and Proliferation in Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines. Cancer Res Treat 2018; 51:391-401. [PMID: 29909608 PMCID: PMC6333966 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2018.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study was designed to identify novel fusion transcripts (FTs) and their functional significance in colorectal cancer (CRC) lines. Materials and Methods We performed paired-end RNA sequencing of 28 CRC cell lines. FT candidates were identified using TopHat-fusion, ChimeraScan, and FusionMap tools and further experimental validation was conducted through reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing. FT was depleted in human CRC line and the effects on cell proliferation, cell migration, and cell invasion were analyzed. Results One thousand three hundred eighty FT candidates were detected through bioinformatics filtering. We selected six candidate FTs, including four inter-chromosomal and two intrachromosomal FTs and each FT was found in at least one of the 28 cell lines. Moreover, when we tested 19 pairs of CRC tumor and adjacent normal tissue samples, NFATC3–PLA2G15 FT was found in two. Knockdown of NFATC3–PLA2G15 using siRNA reduced mRNA expression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers such as vimentin, twist, and fibronectin and increased mesenchymal–epithelial transition markers of E-cadherin, claudin-1, and FOXC2 in colo-320 cell line harboring NFATC3–PLA2G15 FT. The NFATC3–PLA2G15 knockdown also inhibited invasion, colony formation capacity, and cell proliferation. Conclusion These results suggest that that NFATC3–PLA2G15 FTs may contribute to tumor progression by enhancing invasion by EMT and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Eun Jang
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwang-Phill Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sae-Won Han
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoon Jang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Si-Hyun Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Song
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Duhee Bang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-You Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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32
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Funk SD, Finney AC, Yurdagul A, Pattillo CB, Orr AW. EphA2 stimulates VCAM-1 expression through calcium-dependent NFAT1 activity. Cell Signal 2018; 49:30-38. [PMID: 29793020 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cell activation by proinflammatory stimuli drives leukocyte recruitment through enhanced expression of counter-receptors such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). We previously demonstrated that activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase EphA2 with its ligand ephrin-A1 induces VCAM-1 expression. Here, we sought to characterize the proinflammatory signaling pathways involved. Analysis of over-represented transcription factors in ephrin-A1-induced genes identified multiple potential transcriptional regulators, including the Rel family members nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB/p65) and nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT). While ephrin-A1 failed to induce endothelial NF-κB activation, NF-κB inhibitors prevented ephrin-A1-induced VCAM-1 expression, suggesting basal NF-κB activity is required. In contrast, ephrin-A1 induced a robust EphA2-dependent increase in NFAT activation, and mutation of the NF-κB/NFAT-binding sites in the VCAM-1 promoter blunted ephrin-A1-induced promoter activity. NFAT activation classically occurs through calcium-dependent calcineurin activation, and inhibiting NFAT signaling with calcineurin inhibitors (cyclosporine A, FK506) or direct NFAT inhibitors (A-285222) was sufficient to block ephrin-A1-induced VCAM-1 expression. Consistent with robust NFAT activation, ephrin-A1-induced an EphA2-dependent calcium influx in endothelial cells that was required for ephrin-A1-induced NFAT activation and VCAM-1 expression. This work provides the first data showing EphA2-dependent calcium influx and NFAT activation and identifies NFAT as a novel EphA2-dependent proinflammatory pathway in endothelial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Daniel Funk
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, Renal Division, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Alexandra C Finney
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, United States
| | - Arif Yurdagul
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, United States; Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States
| | - Christopher B Pattillo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, United States
| | - A Wayne Orr
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, United States; Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, United States; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, United States.
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33
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Mencarelli A, Vacca M, Khameneh HJ, Acerbi E, Tay A, Zolezzi F, Poidinger M, Mortellaro A. Calcineurin B in CD4 + T Cells Prevents Autoimmune Colitis by Negatively Regulating the JAK/STAT Pathway. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29515579 PMCID: PMC5826051 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcineurin (Cn) is a protein phosphatase that regulates the activation of the nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) family of transcription factors, which are key regulators of T-cell development and function. Here, we generated a conditional Cnb1 mouse model in which Cnb1 was specifically deleted in CD4+ T cells (Cnb1CD4 mice) to delineate the role of the Cn–NFAT pathway in immune homeostasis of the intestine. The Cnb1CD4 mice developed severe, spontaneous colitis characterized at the molecular level by an increased T helper-1-cell response but an unaltered regulatory T-cell compartment. Antibiotic treatment ameliorated the intestinal inflammation observed in Cnb1CD4 mice, suggesting that the microbiota contributes to the onset of colitis. CD4+ T cells isolated from Cnb1CD4 mice produced high levels of IFNγ due to increased activation of the JAK2/STAT4 pathway induced by IL-12. Our data highlight that Cn signaling in CD4+ T cells is critical for intestinal immune homeostasis in part by inhibiting IL-12 responsiveness of CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mencarelli
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maurizio Vacca
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hanif Javanmard Khameneh
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Enzo Acerbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alicia Tay
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Francesca Zolezzi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael Poidinger
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alessandra Mortellaro
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Abstract
Modern immunosuppression regimens effectively control acute rejection and decrease graft loss in the first year after transplantation; however, these regimens do not have a durable effect on long-term graft survival owing to a combination of drug toxicities and the emergence of chronic alloimmune responses. Eliminating drugs and their toxicities while maintaining graft acceptance has been the primary aim of cellular therapies. Tregs suppress both autoimmune and alloimmune responses and are particularly effective in protecting allografts in experimental transplant models. Further, Treg-based therapies are selective, do not require harsh conditioning, and do not have a risk of graft-versus-host disease. Trial designs should consider the distinct immunological features of each transplanted organ, Treg preparations, dose, and frequency, and the ability to detect and quantify Treg effects in a given transplant environment. In this Review, we detail the ongoing clinical trials of Treg therapy in liver and kidney transplantation. Integration of Treg biology gleaned from preclinical models and experiences in human organ transplantation should allow for optimization of trial design that will determine the potential efficacy of a given therapy and provide guidelines for further therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qizhi Tang
- Department of Surgery.,Diabetes Center, and
| | - Flavio Vincenti
- Department of Surgery.,Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
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35
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Ashwini A, Naganur SS, Smitha B, Sheshadri P, Prasanna J, Kumar A. Cyclosporine A-Mediated IL-6 Expression Promotes Neural Induction in Pluripotent Stem Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2017. [PMID: 28623616 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0633-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) to neural lineages has gathered huge attention in both basic research and regenerative medicine. The major hurdle lies in the efficiency of differentiation and identification of small molecules that facilitate neurogenesis would partly circumvent this limitation. The small molecule Cyclosporine A (CsA), a commonly used immunosuppressive drug, has been shown to enhance in vivo neurogenesis. To extend the information to in vitro neurogenesis, we examined the effect of CsA on neural differentiation of PSCs. We found CsA to increase the expression of neural progenitor genes during early neural differentiation. Gene silencing approach revealed CsA-mediated neural induction to be dependent on blocking the Ca2+-activated phosphatase calcineurin (Cn) signaling. Similar observation with FK506, an independent inhibitor of Cn, further strengthened the necessity of blocking Cn for enhanced neurogenesis. Surprisingly, mechanistic insight revealed Cn-inhibition dependent upregulation of IL-6 protein to be necessary for CsA-mediated neurogenesis. Together, these findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of CsA in neurogenesis, thus suggesting a method for obtaining large numbers of neural progenitors from PSCs for possible transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwathnarayan Ashwini
- School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal University, Allalasandra, GKVK post, Yelahanka, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Sushma S Naganur
- School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal University, Allalasandra, GKVK post, Yelahanka, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Bhaskar Smitha
- School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal University, Allalasandra, GKVK post, Yelahanka, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Preethi Sheshadri
- School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal University, Allalasandra, GKVK post, Yelahanka, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Jyothi Prasanna
- School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal University, Allalasandra, GKVK post, Yelahanka, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Anujith Kumar
- School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal University, Allalasandra, GKVK post, Yelahanka, Bangalore, 560065, India.
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Sarhan D, Leijonhufvud C, Murray S, Witt K, Seitz C, Wallerius M, Xie H, Ullén A, Harmenberg U, Lidbrink E, Rolny C, Andersson J, Lundqvist A. Zoledronic acid inhibits NFAT and IL-2 signaling pathways in regulatory T cells and diminishes their suppressive function in patients with metastatic cancer. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1338238. [PMID: 28920001 PMCID: PMC5593706 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1338238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg) suppress anti-tumor immune responses and their infiltration in the tumor microenvironment is associated with inferior prognosis in cancer patients. Thus, in order to enhance anti-tumor immune responses, selective depletion of Treg is highly desired. We found that treatment with zoledronic acid (ZA) resulted in a selective decrease in the frequency of Treg that was associated with a significant increase in proliferation of T cells and natural killer (NK) cells in peripheral blood of patients with metastatic cancer. In vitro, genome-wide transcriptomic analysis revealed alterations in calcium signaling pathways in Treg following treatment with ZA. Furthermore, co-localization of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) and forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) was significantly reduced in Treg upon ZA-treatment. Consequently, reduced expression levels of CD25, STAT5 and TGFβ were observed. Functionally, ZA-treated Treg had reduced capacity to suppress T and NK cell proliferation and anti-tumor responses compared with untreated Treg in vitro. Treatment with ZA to selectively inhibit essential signaling pathways in Treg resulting in reduced capacity to suppress effector T and NK cell responses represents a novel approach to inhibit Treg activity in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhifaf Sarhan
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- University of Minnesota, Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Caroline Leijonhufvud
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shannon Murray
- Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, FL, USA
| | - Kristina Witt
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christina Seitz
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Majken Wallerius
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanjing Xie
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Ullén
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Radiumhemmet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Harmenberg
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Radiumhemmet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Lidbrink
- Division of Radiotherapy, Radiumhemmet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Rolny
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Andersson
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Lundqvist
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, FL, USA
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37
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Kogut MH, Arsenault RJ. Immunometabolic Phenotype Alterations Associated with the Induction of Disease Tolerance and Persistent Asymptomatic Infection of Salmonella in the Chicken Intestine. Front Immunol 2017; 8:372. [PMID: 28421074 PMCID: PMC5378774 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The adaptation of Salmonella enterica to the eukaryotic host is a key process that enables the bacterium to survive in a hostile environment. Salmonella have evolved an intimate relationship with its host that extends to their cellular and molecular levels. Colonization, invasion, and replication of the bacteria in an appropriate host suggest that modification of host functions is central to pathogenesis. Intuitively, this subversion of the cell must be a complex process, since hosts are not inherently programmed to provide an environment conducive to pathogens. Hosts have evolved countermeasures to pathogen invasion, establishment, and replication through two types of defenses: resistance and tolerance. Resistance functions to control pathogen invasion and reduce or eliminate the invading pathogen. Research has primarily concentrated on resistance mechanisms that are mediated by the immune system. On the other hand, tolerance is mediated by different mechanisms that limit the damage caused by a pathogen’s growth without affecting or reducing pathogen numbers or loads. The mechanisms of tolerance appear to be separated into those that protect host tissues from the virulence factors of a pathogen and those that limit or reduce the damage caused by the host immune and inflammatory responses to the pathogen. Some pathogens, such as Salmonella, have evolved the capacity to survive the initial robust immune response and persist. The persistent phase of a Salmonella infection in the avian host usually involves a complex balance of protective immunity and immunopathology. Salmonella is able to stay in the avian ceca for months without triggering clinical signs. Chronic colonization of the intestinal tract is an important aspect of persistent Salmonella infection because it results in a silent propagation of bacteria in poultry stocks due to the impossibility to isolate contaminated animals. Data from our lab promote the hypothesis that Salmonella have evolved a unique survival strategy in poultry that minimizes host defenses (disease resistance) during the initial infection and then exploits and/or induces a dramatic immunometabolic reprogramming in the cecum that alters the host defense to disease tolerance. Unfortunately, this disease tolerance results in the ongoing human food safety dilemma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan J Arsenault
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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38
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Manocha GD, Ghatak A, Puig KL, Kraner SD, Norris CM, Combs CK. NFATc2 Modulates Microglial Activation in the AβPP/PS1 Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 58:775-787. [PMID: 28505967 PMCID: PMC6265241 DOI: 10.3233/jad-151203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains are characterized by fibrillar amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide containing plaques and associated reactive microglia. The proinflammatory phenotype of the microglia suggests that they may negatively affect disease course and contribute to behavioral decline. This hypothesis predicts that attenuating microglial activation may provide benefit against disease. Prior work from our laboratory and others has characterized a role for the transcription factor, nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), in regulating microglial phenotype in response to different stimuli, including Aβ peptide. We observed that the NFATc2 isoform was the most highly expressed in murine microglia cultures, and inhibition or deletion of NFATc2 was sufficient to attenuate the ability of the microglia to secrete cytokines. In order to determine whether the NFATc2 isoform, in particular, was a valid immunomodulatory target in vivo, we crossed an NFATc2-/- line to a well-known AD mouse model, an AβPP/PS1 mouse line. As expected, the AβPP/PS1 x NFATc2-/- mice had attenuated cytokine levels compared to AβPP/PS1 mice as well as reduced microgliosis and astrogliosis with no effect on plaque load. Although some species differences in relative isoform expression may exist between murine and human microglia, it appears that microglial NFAT activity is a viable target for modulating the proinflammatory changes that occur during AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan D. Manocha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Atreyi Ghatak
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Kendra L. Puig
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Susan D. Kraner
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences and the Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Christopher M. Norris
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences and the Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Colin K. Combs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA
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39
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Kogut MH, Swaggerty CL, Byrd JA, Selvaraj R, Arsenault RJ. Chicken-Specific Kinome Array Reveals that Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis Modulates Host Immune Signaling Pathways in the Cecum to Establish a Persistence Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081207. [PMID: 27472318 PMCID: PMC5000605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica induces an early, short-lived pro-inflammatory response in chickens that is asymptomatic of clinical disease and results in a persistent colonization of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that transmits infections to naïve hosts via fecal shedding of bacteria. The underlying mechanisms that control this persistent colonization of the ceca of chickens by Salmonella are only beginning to be elucidated. We hypothesize that alteration of host signaling pathways mediate the induction of a tolerance response. Using chicken-specific kinomic immune peptide arrays and quantitative RT-PCR of infected cecal tissue, we have previously evaluated the development of disease tolerance in chickens infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) in a persistent infection model (4-14 days post infection). Here, we have further outlined the induction of an tolerance defense strategy in the cecum of chickens infected with S. Enteritidis beginning around four days post-primary infection. The response is characterized by alterations in the activation of T cell signaling mediated by the dephosphorylation of phospholipase c-γ1 (PLCG1) that inhibits NF-κB signaling and activates nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) signaling and blockage of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production through the disruption of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway (dephosphorylation of JAK2, JAK3, and STAT4). Further, we measured a significant down-regulation reduction in IFN-γ mRNA expression. These studies, combined with our previous findings, describe global phenotypic changes in the avian cecum of Salmonella Enteritidis-infected chickens that decreases the host responsiveness resulting in the establishment of persistent colonization. The identified tissue protein kinases also represent potential targets for future antimicrobial compounds for decreasing Salmonella loads in the intestines of food animals before going to market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Kogut
- Southern Plains Agricultural Resarch Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, College Station, TX 77845, USA.
| | - Christina L Swaggerty
- Southern Plains Agricultural Resarch Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, College Station, TX 77845, USA.
| | - James Allen Byrd
- Southern Plains Agricultural Resarch Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, College Station, TX 77845, USA.
| | - Ramesh Selvaraj
- Ohio Agricultural Research Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA.
| | - Ryan J Arsenault
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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40
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Ouyang S, Han G, Wu X, Jiang Z, Feng JM. Accelerated progression of Hodgkin's-like lymphomas in golli deficient SJL mice. Cell Immunol 2016; 302:41-49. [PMID: 26877250 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneously occurring lymphomas in SJL mice have many pathological features similar to Hodgkin's lymphoma in humans. The malignant growth of the tumor cells is dependent on the support of host FoxP3(+)CD4(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs). In this study, we report that the ablation of golli protein, a negative regulator of CRAC (calcium release activated calcium) channel, in SJL mice results in an accelerated progression of Hodgkin's-like lymphoma which is accompanied by a facilitated conversion of FoxP3(+) Treg cells. Our results suggest that golli protein might affect the progression of Hodgkin's-like lymphomas through regulating the induction of Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suidong Ouyang
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Guangming Han
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Xiaochu Wu
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Zhengfan Jiang
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ji-Ming Feng
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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41
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Kogut MH, Arsenault RJ. A Role for the Non-Canonical Wnt-β-Catenin and TGF-β Signaling Pathways in the Induction of Tolerance during the Establishment of a Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis Persistent Cecal Infection in Chickens. Front Vet Sci 2015; 2:33. [PMID: 26664962 PMCID: PMC4672200 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2015.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica induce an early pro-inflammatory response in chickens. However, the response is short-lived, asymptomatic of disease, resulting in a persistent colonization of the ceca, and fecal shedding of bacteria. The underlying mechanisms that control this persistent infection of chickens by Salmonella are unknown. Recently, we found an expansion of the Treg population and subsequent increased in vitro immunosuppressive functions of the CD4(+)CD25(+) cells isolated from the ceca of the Salmonella-infected chickens by day 4 post-infection that increased steadily throughout the course of the 14 days of infection, whereas the number of CD4(+)CD25(+) cells in the non-infected controls remained steady throughout the study. CD4(+)CD25(+) cells from cecal tonsils of S. enteritidis-infected birds had greater expression of IL-10 mRNA content than the CD4(+)CD25(+) cells from the non-infected controls at all the time points studied. These results suggest the development of a tolerogenic immune response in the cecum of Salmonella-infected chickens may contribute to the persistance of Salmonella cecal colonization. Using a chicken-specific kinome peptide immune array, we have analyzed the signaling pathways altered during the establishment of this tolerogenic state. This analysis has revealed a role for the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway in the cecum at 4 days post-infection. Infection induced the significant (p < 0.01) phosphorylation of the G-protein-coupled transmembrane protein, Frizzled 1 (FZD1), resulting in an influx of intracellular Ca(2+) and the phosphorylation of the Ca(2+)-dependent effector molecules calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CamKII), β-catenin, protein kinase C, and the activation of the transcription factor, NFAT. Nuclear translocation of NFAT resulted in a significant increase in the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β. Increased expression of TGF-β4 mRNA activates the TGF-β signaling pathway that phosphorylates the receptor-activated Smads, Smad2 and Smad3. Combined with the results from our Treg studies, these studies describe kinome-based phenotypic changes in the cecum of chickens during Salmonella Enteritidis infection starting 4 days post-infection that leads to an anti-inflammatory, tolerogenic local environment, and results in the establishment of persistent intestinal colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Kogut
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center (SPARC), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) , College Station, TX , USA
| | - Ryan J Arsenault
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center (SPARC), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) , College Station, TX , USA
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42
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Ortutay Z, Oksanen A, Aittomäki S, Ortutay C, Pesu M. Proprotein convertase FURIN regulates T cell receptor-induced transactivation. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 98:73-83. [PMID: 25926688 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.2a0514-257rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen emergence rapidly stimulates T cells, which leads to changes in cytokine production, cell proliferation, and differentiation. Some of the key molecules involved in these events, such as TGF-β1 and NOTCH1, are synthesized initially as inactive precursors and are proteolytically activated during T cell activation. PCSKs regulate proprotein maturation by catalyzing the proteolytic cleavage of their substrates. The prototype PCSK FURIN is induced upon TCR activation, and its expression in T cells is critical for the maintenance of peripheral immune tolerance. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that FURIN regulates T cell activation. Our data demonstrate that IL-2 is increased initially in FURIN-deficient mouse CD4(+) T cells, but the TCR-induced IL-2 mRNA expression is not sustained in the absence of FURIN. Accordingly, the inhibition of FURIN in human Jurkat T cell lines also results in a decrease in IL-2 production, whereas the overexpression of WT FURIN is associated with elevated IL-2 levels. In Jurkat cells, FURIN is dispensable for immediate TCR signaling steps, such as ERK, ZAP70, or LAT phosphorylation. However, with the use of gene reporter assays, we demonstrate that FURIN regulates the AP-1, NFAT, and NF-κB transcription factors. Finally, by performing a transcription factor-binding site enrichment analysis on FURIN-dependent transcriptomes, we identify the FURIN-regulated transcription factors in mouse CD4(+) T cell subsets. Collectively, our work confirms the hypothesis that the TCR-regulated protease FURIN plays an important role in T cell activation and that it can specifically modulate TCR-activated transactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Ortutay
- *Immunoregulation, BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Finland; HiDucator Oy, Kangasala, Finland; and Department of Dermatology and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere University Hospital, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anna Oksanen
- *Immunoregulation, BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Finland; HiDucator Oy, Kangasala, Finland; and Department of Dermatology and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere University Hospital, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Saara Aittomäki
- *Immunoregulation, BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Finland; HiDucator Oy, Kangasala, Finland; and Department of Dermatology and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere University Hospital, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Csaba Ortutay
- *Immunoregulation, BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Finland; HiDucator Oy, Kangasala, Finland; and Department of Dermatology and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere University Hospital, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Marko Pesu
- *Immunoregulation, BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Finland; HiDucator Oy, Kangasala, Finland; and Department of Dermatology and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere University Hospital, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
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Paradowska-Gorycka A, Romanowska-Próchnicka K, Haladyj E, Manczak M, Maslinski S, Olesinska M. Association of the Smad3 and NFATc2 gene polymorphisms and their serum levels with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis in Polish cohorts. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 179:444-53. [PMID: 25376468 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
One among many factors involved in induction of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are T cells, the differentiation of which depends upon a unique combination of stimulants and subsequent activation of diverse transcription factors. The aim of this study was to identify polymorphic variants in Smad3 and NFATc2 genes and their possible association with susceptibility to and severity of RA. A total of 272 RA patients, 321 for Smad3 and 304 for nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)c2 healthy individuals, were examined for rs6494629 C/T and rs2289263 T/G Smad3 and rs880324 NFATc2 gene polymorphisms using the polymerase chain reaction-fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method and TaqMan single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping assay, respectively. Serum Smad3 and NFATc2 levels in RA patients and controls were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The rs6494629 C/T Smad3 gene polymorphism under the recessive (TT versus CC+CT) and over-dominant (CC+TT versus CT) models were associated with RA (P=0.014 and P=0.008, respectively). Smad3 rs2289263 T/G revealed differences in the case-control distribution in co-dominant, recessive and over-dominant models (P=0.037, P=0.010, P=0.034). Overall, rs6494629 C/T and rs2289263 T/G Smad3 gene polymorphisms were in a weak linkage disequilibrium (LD) with D'=0.116 and r(2)=0.004. After Bonferroni correction, the genotype-phenotype analysis showed no significant correlation of the Smad3 rs6494629 C/T and rs2289263 T/G and NFATc2 rs2289263 TT polymorphisms with disease activity, joint damage and extra-articular manifestation in RA patients. Serum Smad3 and NFATc2 levels were significantly higher in RA patients than in control groups (both P=0 0000). The present findings indicated that Smad3 genetic polymorphisms may be associated with the susceptibility to RA in the Polish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Paradowska-Gorycka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Rheumatology, Warsaw, Poland
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Rojanathammanee L, Floden AM, Manocha GD, Combs CK. Attenuation of microglial activation in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease via NFAT inhibition. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:42. [PMID: 25889879 PMCID: PMC4355356 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0255-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Amyloid β (Aβ) peptide is hypothesized to stimulate microglia to acquire their characteristic proinflammatory phenotype in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brains. The specific mechanisms by which Aβ leads to microglial activation remain an area of interest for identifying attractive molecular targets for intervention. Based upon the fact that microglia express the proinflammatory transcription factor, nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), we hypothesized that NFAT activity is required for the Aβ-stimulated microgliosis that occurs during disease. Methods Primary murine microglia cultures were stimulated with Aβ in the absence or presence of NFAT inhibitors, FK506 and tat-VIVIT peptide, to quantify secretion of cytokines, neurotoxins, or Aβ phagocytosis. A transgenic mouse model of AD, APP/PS1, was treated subcutaneously via mini-osmotic pumps with FK506 or tat-VIVIT to quantify effects on cytokines, microgliosis, plaque load, and memory. Results Expression of various NFAT isoforms was verified in primary murine microglia through Western blot analysis. Microglial cultures were stimulated with Aβ fibrils in the absence or presence of the NFAT inhibitors, FK506 and tat-VIVIT, to demonstrate that NFAT activity regulated Aβ phagocytosis, neurotoxin secretion, and cytokine secretion. Delivery of FK506 and tat-VIVIT to transgenic APP/PS1 mice attenuated spleen but not brain cytokine levels. However, FK506 and tat-VIVIT significantly attenuated both microgliosis and Aβ plaque load in treated mice compared to controls. Surprisingly, this did not correlate with changes in memory performance via T-maze testing. Conclusions Our findings suggest that development of specific NFAT inhibitors may offer promise as an effective strategy for attenuating the microgliosis and Aβ plaque deposition that occur in AD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-015-0255-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalida Rojanathammanee
- Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Suranaree Subdistric, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand. .,Department of Basic Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 504 Hamline Street, Neuroscience Building, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA.
| | - Angela M Floden
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 504 Hamline Street, Neuroscience Building, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA.
| | - Gunjan D Manocha
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 504 Hamline Street, Neuroscience Building, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA.
| | - Colin K Combs
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 504 Hamline Street, Neuroscience Building, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA.
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Gaida K, Salimi-Moosavi H, Subramanian R, Almon V, Knize A, Zhang M, Lin FF, Nguyen HQ, Zhou L, Sullivan JK, Wong M, McBride HJ. Inhibition of CRAC with a human anti-ORAI1 monoclonal antibody inhibits T-cell-derived cytokine production but fails to inhibit a T-cell-dependent antibody response in the cynomolgus monkey. J Immunotoxicol 2014; 12:164-73. [PMID: 24990272 DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2014.915897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ORAI1 is the pore-forming component of calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC) channels. CRAC channels are the primary route for calcium ion (Ca(2+)) entry into T-cells following antigen stimulation. This Ca(2+) entry induces proliferation and cytokine production through activation of calcineurin and the nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) transcription factor along with subsequent cytokine-related genes. It was hypothesized that the in vivo inhibition of T-cell function by blocking ORAI1 or calcineurin would lead to similar functional consequences. To test this hypothesis the activity of 2C1.1, a fully human anti-ORAI1 monoclonal antibody, and cyclosporin A (CsA) were tested in vivo for their suppressive effect on T-cell-derived cytokine production and a T-cell-dependent antibody response (TDAR) using sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in cynomolgus monkeys. Despite showing similar inhibition of ex vivo interleukin (IL)-2 production by stimulated T-cells, both molecules exhibited different pharmacologic effects on the SRBC antibody response. CsA blocked the development of SRBC-specific antibodies, while 2C1.1 failed to inhibit the antigen-specific antibody response. These surprising observations suggest that full inhibition of the CRAC channel is required to inhibit a functional immune response, consistent with findings from human patients with loss of function mutations in ORAI1.
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Akl H, Vervloessem T, Kiviluoto S, Bittremieux M, Parys JB, De Smedt H, Bultynck G. A dual role for the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein in cancer: mitochondria versus endoplasmic reticulum. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:2240-52. [PMID: 24768714 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 contributes to cancer formation and progression by promoting the survival of altered cells. Hence, it is a prime target for novel specific anti-cancer therapeutics. In addition to its canonical anti-apoptotic role, Bcl-2 has an inhibitory effect on cell-cycle progression. Bcl-2 acts at two different intracellular compartments, the mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). At the mitochondria, Bcl-2 via its hydrophobic cleft scaffolds the Bcl-2-homology (BH) domain 3 (BH3) of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2-family members. Small molecules (like BH3 mimetics) can disrupt this interaction, resulting in apoptotic cell death in cancer cells. At the ER, Bcl-2 modulates Ca(2+) signaling, thereby promoting proliferation while increasing resistance to apoptosis. Bcl-2 at the ER acts via its N-terminal BH4 domain, which directly binds and inhibits the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), the main intracellular Ca(2+)-release channel. Tools targeting the BH4 domain of Bcl-2 reverse Bcl-2's inhibitory action on IP3Rs and trigger pro-apoptotic Ca(2+) signaling in cancer B-cells, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cells. The sensitivity of DLBCL cells to BH4-domain targeting tools strongly correlated with the expression levels of the IP3R2 channel, the IP3R isoform with the highest affinity for IP3. Interestingly, bio-informatic analysis of a database of primary CLL patient cells also revealed a transcriptional upregulation of IP3R2. Finally, this review proposes a model, in which cancer cell survival depends on Bcl-2 at the mitochondria and/or the ER. This dependence likely will have an impact on their responses to BH3-mimetic drugs and BH4-domain targeting tools. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Calcium signaling in health and disease. Guest Editors: Geert Bultynck, Jacques Haiech, Claus W. Heizmann, Joachim Krebs, and Marc Moreau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidar Akl
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg, O/N-I, Bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Tamara Vervloessem
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg, O/N-I, Bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Santeri Kiviluoto
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg, O/N-I, Bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mart Bittremieux
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg, O/N-I, Bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan B Parys
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg, O/N-I, Bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Humbert De Smedt
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg, O/N-I, Bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg, O/N-I, Bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Fang J, Han D, Hong J, Zhang H, Ying Y, Tian Y, Zhang L, Lin J. SVα-MSH, a novel α-melanocyte stimulating hormone analog, ameliorates autoimmune encephalomyelitis through inhibiting autoreactive CD4(+) T cells activation. J Neuroimmunol 2014; 269:9-19. [PMID: 24518673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) plays a crucial role in the regulation of immune and inflammatory reactions. Here we report that SVα-MSH, a novel α-MSH analog, could ameliorate the clinical severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in a preventive and therapeutic manner. SVα-MSH treatment induced the production of regulatory T (Treg) cells and reduced the Th17 cells in the CNS of EAE mice. SVα-MSH-treated PLP peptide 139-151-specific T cells showed a down-regulation of T cell activation markers CD69 and CD134. SVα-MSH did not induce apoptosis but blocked the G1/S phase transition, reduced the expression of cyclin E, Cdk2 and the activity of NFAT and AP-1 transcription factors. Thus, SVα-MSH acts as a novel immunotherapeutic approach in the treatment of autoimmune attack on the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fang
- Department of Dermatology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Deping Han
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China.
| | - Jinsheng Hong
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China
| | - Hengshan Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China
| | - Ying Ying
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yeping Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Lurong Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China
| | - Jianhua Lin
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China
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Pei X, Duan Z, Ma M, Zhang Y, Guo L. Role of Ca/CaN/NFAT signaling in IL-4 expression by splenic lymphocytes exposed to phthalate (2-ethylhexyl) ester in spleen lymphocytes. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:2129-42. [PMID: 24420859 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3062-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The aims of present study were to investigate the effect of phthalate (2-ethylhexyl) ester (DEHP) and mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) on Th1/Th2 balance signaling for interleukin 4 (IL-4) expression in splenic lymphocytes, and contribution of MEHP to any hypothesized changes in vitro. Primary splenic lymphocytes were exposed to DEHP/MEHP. ELISA and Western blotting were used to detect proteins. Confocal-microscopy was used to examine nuclear translocation. Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) DNA binding activity was examined by electrophoretic mobility-shift assay. DEHP significantly increased IL-4 and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) level, and reduced Th1/Th2 ratio (reflected by IFN-γ/IL-4) with 5 μg/L Concanavalin A (ConA) treatment. While MEHP reduced Th1/Th2 ratio (represented by IFN-γ/IL-6). IL-4 mRNA was significantly increased by DEHP but not by MEHP after PMA and Ion treatment. DEHP significantly inhibited NFATp protein in cytosol and nucleus. DEHP augmented nuclear translocation of NFATc in transfected EL4 cells and NFAT DNA-binding activity. DEHP-mediated enhancement of calcium-dependent phosphatase calcineurin (CaN) protein, and NFAT and IL-4 expression were abrogated by calcium antagonist verapamil and CaN inhibitor tarcolimus. Ca(2+)/calmodulin antagonist chlorpromazine significantly suppressed IL-4 and CaN production with no NFAT mRNA change. Our study suggests that DEHP and MEHP impact Th1/Th2 balance by modulating different cytokines. DEHP-affected IL-4 expression through Ca/CaN/NFAT signaling pathway, but no effect was discovered for MEHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiucong Pei
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, Liaoning, China,
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Thymic regulatory T cell development: role of signalling pathways and transcription factors. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:617595. [PMID: 24187564 PMCID: PMC3803129 DOI: 10.1155/2013/617595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a subset of CD4 T cells that are key mediators of immune tolerance. Most Tregs develop in the thymus. In this review we summarise recent findings on the role of diverse signalling pathways and downstream transcription factors in thymic Treg development.
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Yeh LT, Miaw SC, Lin MH, Chou FC, Shieh SJ, Chuang YP, Lin SH, Chang DM, Sytwu HK. Different modulation of Ptpn22 in effector and regulatory T cells leads to attenuation of autoimmune diabetes in transgenic nonobese diabetic mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:594-607. [PMID: 23752610 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ptpn22 encodes PEST domain-enriched tyrosine phosphatase (Pep), which negatively regulates TCR proximal signaling and is strongly associated with a variety of autoimmune diseases in humans. The net effect of Pep on the balance of immunity and tolerance is uncertain because of the simultaneous inhibition of TCR-mediated signaling of effector and regulatory T cells (T(regs)). In this study, we generated transgenic NOD mice that overexpressed Pep in T cells. The transgenic mice had a significantly lower incidence of spontaneous autoimmune diabetes, which was accompanied by fewer IFN-γ-producing T cells, and an increased ratio of CD4(+)Foxp3(+) T(regs)to CD4(+)IFN-γ(+) or to CD8(+)IFN-γ(+) T cells, respectively, in pancreatic islets. Transgenic T cells showed markedly decreased TCR-mediated effector cell responses such as proliferation and Th1 differentiation. By contrast, the inhibitory effect of transgenic Pep on TCR signaling did not affect the differentiation of T(regs) or their suppressive activity. Adoptive transfer experiments showed that transgenic splenocytes exhibited attenuated diabetogenic ability. To examine further the pathogenic features of transgenic T cells, we generated Ptpn22/BDC2.5 doubly transgenic mice and found reduced proliferation and Th1 differentiation in CD4(+) T lymphocytes with additional Pep in pancreatic lymph nodes but not in inguinal lymph nodes of NOD/SCID recipients. This finding indicates that transgenic Pep attenuates T cell functions in an islet Ag-driven manner. Taken together, our results demonstrate that Pep overexpression in T cells attenuates autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice by preferentially modulating TCR signaling-mediated functions in diabetogenic T cells but not in T(regs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Tzu Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
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