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Mondal S, Sarvari G, Boehr DD. Picornavirus 3C Proteins Intervene in Host Cell Processes through Proteolysis and Interactions with RNA. Viruses 2023; 15:2413. [PMID: 38140654 PMCID: PMC10747604 DOI: 10.3390/v15122413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The Picornaviridae family comprises a large group of non-enveloped viruses with enormous impact on human and animal health. The picornaviral genome contains one open reading frame encoding a single polyprotein that can be processed by viral proteases. The picornaviral 3C proteases share similar three-dimensional structures and play a significant role in the viral life cycle and virus-host interactions. Picornaviral 3C proteins also have conserved RNA-binding activities that contribute to the assembly of the viral RNA replication complex. The 3C protease is important for regulating the host cell response through the cleavage of critical host cell proteins, acting to selectively 'hijack' host factors involved in gene expression, promoting picornavirus replication, and inactivating key factors in innate immunity signaling pathways. The protease and RNA-binding activities of 3C are involved in viral polyprotein processing and the initiation of viral RNA synthesis. Most importantly, 3C modifies critical molecules in host organelles and maintains virus infection by subtly subverting host cell death through the blocking of transcription, translation, and nucleocytoplasmic trafficking to modulate cell physiology for viral replication. Here, we discuss the molecular mechanisms through which 3C mediates physiological processes involved in promoting virus infection, replication, and release.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David D. Boehr
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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2
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Ciaston I, Dobosz E, Potempa J, Koziel J. The subversion of toll-like receptor signaling by bacterial and viral proteases during the development of infectious diseases. Mol Aspects Med 2022; 88:101143. [PMID: 36152458 PMCID: PMC9924004 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that respond to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). The recognition of specific microbial ligands by TLRs triggers an innate immune response and also promotes adaptive immunity, which is necessary for the efficient elimination of invading pathogens. Successful pathogens have therefore evolved strategies to subvert and/or manipulate TLR signaling. Both the impairment and uncontrolled activation of TLR signaling can harm the host, causing tissue destruction and allowing pathogens to proliferate, thus favoring disease progression. In this context, microbial proteases are key virulence factors that modify components of the TLR signaling pathway. In this review, we discuss the role of bacterial and viral proteases in the manipulation of TLR signaling, highlighting the importance of these enzymes during the development of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Ciaston
- Department of Microbiology Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewelina Dobosz
- Department of Microbiology Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jan Potempa
- Department of Microbiology Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Department of Oral Health and Systemic Disease, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
| | - Joanna Koziel
- Department of Microbiology Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
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3
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Jian Z, Ma R, Zhu L, Deng H, Li F, Zhao J, Deng L, Lai S, Sun X, Tang H, Xu Z. Evasion of interferon-mediated immune response by arteriviruses. Front Immunol 2022; 13:963923. [PMID: 36091073 PMCID: PMC9454096 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.963923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
IFN is the most potent antiviral cytokine required for the innate and adaptive immune responses, and its expression can help the host defend against viral infection. Arteriviruses have evolved strategies to antagonize the host cell’s innate immune responses, interfering with IFN expression by interfering with RIG, blocking PRR, obstructing IRF-3/7, NF-κB, and degrading STAT1 signaling pathways, thereby assisting viral immune evasion. Arteriviruses infect immune cells and may result in persistence in infected hosts. In this article, we reviewed the strategies used by Arteriviruses to antagonize IFN production and thwart IFN-activated antiviral signaling, mainly including structural and nonstructural proteins of Arteriviruses encoding IFN antagonists directly or indirectly to disrupt innate immunity. This review will certainly provide a better insight into the pathogenesis of the arthritis virus and provide a theoretical basis for developing more efficient vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Jian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Cheng Du, China
| | - Rui Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Cheng Du, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Cheng Du, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Cheng Du, China
| | - Huidan Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Cheng Du, China
| | - Fengqin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Cheng Du, China
- College of Animal Science, Xichang University, Xichang, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Cheng Du, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Cheng Du, China
| | - Lishuang Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Cheng Du, China
| | - Siyuan Lai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Cheng Du, China
| | - Xiangang Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Cheng Du, China
| | - Huaqiao Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Cheng Du, China
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Cheng Du, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Cheng Du, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiwen Xu,
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4
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Zou PF, Li KQ, Li Y, Shen YJ, Zhang ZP, Wang YL. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of RIP1 in large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 122:386-398. [PMID: 35181446 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Receptor interacting protein 1 (RIP1) plays important roles not only in cell-death pathways but also in host innate immune responses. In the present study, a RIP1 ortholog named Lc-RIP1 was cloned and characterized in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). The open reading frame (ORF) of Lc-RIP1 is 2,046 bp, encoding a protein of 681 amino acids (aa), with an N-terminal kinase domain, an RHIM domain, and a C-terminal death domain. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that Lc-RIP1 was a cytosolic protein, which was broadly expressed in examined tissues/organs, and could be up-regulated under poly I:C, LPS, PGN, and Pseudomonas plecoglossicida stimulation in vivo based on qRT-PCR analysis. Notably, Lc-RIP1 could induce NF-κB, but not IRF3, IRF7 or type I IFN promoter activation. In addition, Lc-RIP1 overexpression could enhance Lc-MAVS, Lc-TRAF3, and Lc-TRAF6 mediated NF-κB promoter activation, and also Lc-TRIF and Lc-MAVS mediated IRF3 promoter activation, whereas suppress Lc-TRIF mediated NF-κB and type I IFN promoter activation, as well as Lc-TRAF3 and Lc-IRF3 mediated IRF3 promoter activation, Lc-IRF3 mediated type I IFN promoter activation and Lc-IRF7 mediated IRF7 promoter activation. These results collectively indicated that Lc-RIP1 function importantly in regulation of host innate immune signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Fei Zou
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361021, China.
| | - Kai Qing Li
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Estuarine Ecological Security and Environmental Health, Tan Kah Kee College, Xiamen University, Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, 363105, China.
| | - Ying Jia Shen
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, China
| | - Zi Ping Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350002, China; State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde Fufa Fisheries Company Limited, Ningde, Fujian Province, 352103, China
| | - Yi Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361021, China; State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde Fufa Fisheries Company Limited, Ningde, Fujian Province, 352103, China
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5
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Liu R, Liu X, Song M, Qi Y, Li H, Yang G, Shan S. Cyprinus carpio TRIF Participates in the Innate Immune Response by Inducing NF-κB and IFN Activation and Promoting Apoptosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:725150. [PMID: 34504499 PMCID: PMC8421551 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.725150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
TRIF, an important adaptor downstream of Toll-like receptor signaling, plays a critical role in the innate immune response. In this study, the full-length coding sequence of TRIF from common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) was cloned and characterized. Bioinformatics analysis showed that common carp TRIF exhibited a conserved TIR domain and had the closest relationship with grass carp TRIF. Expression analysis revealed that TRIF was constitutively expressed in the examined tissues of common carp, with the highest expression in the spleen and the lowest expression in the head kidney, and could be upregulated under Aeromonas hydrophila and poly(I:C) stimulation in vivo and under poly(I:C), LPS, PGN, flagellin, and Pam3CSK4 stimulation in vitro. Laser confocal microscopy showed that common carp TRIF colocalized with the Golgi apparatus. A luciferase reporter assay showed that carp TRIF elicited the activity of ifn-1 and nf-κb through the C-terminal domain. Additionally, crystal violet staining and qPCR assays revealed that carp TRIF inhibited the replication of SVCV in epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cells. Then, the signaling downstream of carp TRIF was investigated. Coimmunoprecipitation and Western blotting analysis demonstrated that carp TRIF interacted with TBK1 and augmented the expression of TRAF6 and phosphorylation of TBK1. Overexpression of carp TRIF significantly enhanced the expression of interferon-stimulated genes and inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, flow cytometric (FCM) analysis suggested that carp TRIF induced apoptosis through the activation of caspase-8. In summary, our study indicated that TRIF plays an essential role in the innate immune responses of common carp against bacterial and viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoye Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Meijiao Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yue Qi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Hua Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Guiwen Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Shijuan Shan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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6
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Shan S, Liu R, Feng H, Meng F, Aizaz M, Yang G. Identification and functional characterization of a fish-specific tlr19 in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) that recruits TRIF as an adaptor and induces ifn expression during the immune response. Vet Res 2021; 52:88. [PMID: 34130754 PMCID: PMC8207781 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00957-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 19 (Tlr19) is a fish-specific TLR that plays a critical role in innate immunity. In the present study, we aimed to identify tlr19 from common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and explored its expression profile, localization, adaptor, and signaling pathways. A novel tlr19 cDNA sequence (Cctlr19) was identified in common carp. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that CcTlr19 was most closely related to Danio rerio Tlr19. Subcellular localization analysis indicates that CcTlr19 was synthesized in the free ribosome and then transported to early endosomes. Cctlr19 was constitutively expressed in all the examined tissues, with the highest expression in the brain. After poly(I:C) and Aeromonas hydrophila injection, the expression of Cctlr19 was significantly upregulated in immune-related organs. In addition, the expression of Cctlr19 was upregulated in head kidney leukocytes (HKL) upon stimulation with different ligands. Immunofluorescence and luciferase analyses indicate that CcTlr19 recruited TRIF as an adaptor. Furthermore, CcTlr19 can activate the expression of ifn-1 and viperin. Taken together, these findings lay the foundation for future research to investigate the mechanisms underlying fish tlr19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijuan Shan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No.88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Rongrong Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No.88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Hanxiao Feng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No.88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Fei Meng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No.88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Muhanmmad Aizaz
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No.88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Guiwen Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No.88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, China.
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7
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Owen AM, Fults JB, Patil NK, Hernandez A, Bohannon JK. TLR Agonists as Mediators of Trained Immunity: Mechanistic Insight and Immunotherapeutic Potential to Combat Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 11:622614. [PMID: 33679711 PMCID: PMC7930332 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.622614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in critical care medicine, infection remains a significant problem that continues to be complicated with the challenge of antibiotic resistance. Immunocompromised patients are highly susceptible to development of severe infection which often progresses to the life-threatening condition of sepsis. Thus, immunotherapies aimed at boosting host immune defenses are highly attractive strategies to ward off infection and protect patients. Recently there has been mounting evidence that activation of the innate immune system can confer long-term functional reprogramming whereby innate leukocytes mount more robust responses upon secondary exposure to a pathogen for more efficient clearance and host protection, termed trained immunity. Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists are a class of agents which have been shown to trigger the phenomenon of trained immunity through metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic modifications which drive profound augmentation of antimicrobial functions. Immunomodulatory TLR agonists are also highly beneficial as vaccine adjuvants. This review provides an overview on TLR signaling and our current understanding of TLR agonists which show promise as immunotherapeutic agents for combating infection. A brief discussion on our current understanding of underlying mechanisms is also provided. Although an evolving field, TLR agonists hold strong therapeutic potential as immunomodulators and merit further investigation for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Owen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Jessica B Fults
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Naeem K Patil
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Antonio Hernandez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Julia K Bohannon
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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8
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Gao W, Chang R, Sun Y, Xu T. MicroRNA-2187 Modulates the NF-κB and IRF3 Pathway in Teleost Fish by Targeting TRAF6. Front Immunol 2021; 12:647202. [PMID: 33659012 PMCID: PMC7917119 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.647202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune organs and cells detect the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms, which trigger the innate immune response. A proper immune response can protect the organisms from pathogen invasion. However, excessive immunity can destroy immune homeostasis, leading to uncontrolled inflammation or pathogen transmission. Evidence shows that the miRNA-mediated immune regulatory network in mammals has had a significant impact, but the antibacterial and antiviral responses involved in miRNAs need to be further studied in lower vertebrates. Here, we report that miR-2187 as a negative regulator playing a critical role in the antiviral and antibacterial response of miiuy croaker. We find that pathogens such as Vibrio anguillarum and Siniperca chuatsi rhabdovirus (SCRV) can up-regulate the expression of miR-2187. Elevated miR-2187 is capable of reducing the production of inflammatory factors and antiviral genes by targeting TRAF6, thereby avoiding excessive inflammatory response. Furthermore, we proved that miR-2187 modulates innate immunity through TRAF6-mediated NF-κB and IRF3 signaling pathways. The above results indicate that miR-2187 acts as an immune inhibitor involved in host antibacterial and antiviral responses, thus enriching the immune regulatory network of the interaction between host and pathogen in lower vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Gao
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renjie Chang
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuena Sun
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianjun Xu
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Ng CS, Stobart CC, Luo H. Innate immune evasion mediated by picornaviral 3C protease: Possible lessons for coronaviral 3C-like protease? Rev Med Virol 2021; 31:1-22. [PMID: 33624382 PMCID: PMC7883238 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 is the etiological agent of the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease-2019, a multi-organ disease that has triggered an unprecedented global health and economic crisis. The virally encoded 3C-like protease (3CLpro ), which is named after picornaviral 3C protease (3Cpro ) due to their similarities in substrate recognition and enzymatic activity, is essential for viral replication and has been considered as the primary drug target. However, information regarding the cellular substrates of 3CLpro and its interaction with the host remains scarce, though recent work has begun to shape our understanding more clearly. Here we summarized and compared the mechanisms by which picornaviruses and coronaviruses have evolved to evade innate immune surveillance, with a focus on the established role of 3Cpro in this process. Through this comparison, we hope to highlight the potential action and mechanisms that are conserved and shared between 3Cpro and 3CLpro . In this review, we also briefly discussed current advances in the development of broad-spectrum antivirals targeting both 3Cpro and 3CLpro .
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Seng Ng
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Honglin Luo
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Zhang L, Chu Q, Chang R, Xu T. Inducible MicroRNA-217 Inhibits NF-κB– and IRF3-Driven Immune Responses in Lower Vertebrates through Targeting TAK1. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:1620-1632. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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11
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Zou PF, Shen JJ, Li Y, Yan Q, Zou ZH, Zhang ZP, Wang YL. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of TRIF in large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 91:108-121. [PMID: 31091461 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As an adaptor in Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway, Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain containing adaptor inducing interferon-β (TRIF) mediates downstream signaling cascades and plays important roles in host innate immune responses. In the present study, a TRIF ortholog named Lc-TRIF was identified in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). Sequence comparison analysis revealed that Lc-TRIF has a conserved TIR domain but without TRAF6 binding motif. The genome structure of Lc-TRIF is conserved, with two exons and one intron. Syntenic comparison showed that the loci of fish TRIF was different from that in mammals or birds, and TRAM was absent in the genomes of fish, amphibians, and birds, but present in mammals and reptiles. Expression analysis revealed that Lc-TRIF was broadly expressed in examined organs/tissues, with the highest expression level in gill and weakest in brain, and could be up-regulated under poly I:C, LPS, PGN, and Pseudomonas plecoglossicida stimulation. Fluorescence microscopy results showed that Lc-TRIF exhibited a global localization throughout the entire cell including the nucleus in HEK 293T cells. Additionally, luciferase assays demonstrated that Lc-TRIF expression could significantly induce NF-κB, type I IFN, IRF3 as well as IRF7 promoter activation. These results collectively indicated that Lc-TRIF was function in host antiviral and antibacterial responses via NF-κB and IRF3/7 related signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Fei Zou
- College of Fisheries, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361021, China
| | - Juan Juan Shen
- College of Fisheries, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361021, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Estuarine Ecological Security and Environmental Health, Tan Kah Kee College, Xiamen University, Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, 363105, China
| | - Qingpi Yan
- College of Fisheries, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361021, China
| | - Zhi Hua Zou
- College of Fisheries, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361021, China
| | - Zi Ping Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350002, China
| | - Yi Lei Wang
- College of Fisheries, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361021, China.
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12
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Wei J, Zhang X, Zang S, Qin Q. Expression and functional characterization of TRIF in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 71:295-304. [PMID: 28964858 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Antiviral immune responses are triggered by the innate immune recognition of viral infection. Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain containing adapter inducing interferon-β (TRIF) is an adapter in responding to activation of Toll-like receptors, which provides early clearance of viral pathogens. Our study focuses on the functional characterization of grouper TRIF (EcTRIF) based on the comparison of its sequence and functional evolution from grouper fish to mammals. The results show that the open reading frame of EcTRIF encoded a protein of 580 amino acids. Real-time PCR analysis indicates that EcTRIF was constitutively expressed in all the analyzed tissues in healthy grouper. EcTRIF was significantly induced in spleen post-LPS and poly (I:C) stimulation. Fluorescence microscopy shows that EcTRIF is colocalized with a Golgi apparatus marker, implying its unique subcellular localization in the Golgi apparatus. Luciferase reporter assays confirmed that EcTRIF was able to activate the IFN and NF-κB promoter. Overexpression of EcTRIF in grouper brain cells inhibited the replication of red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV). These results indicate that EcTRIF plays an important role in modulating antiviral innate immune responses. Our results have applications in functional studies on TRIF in teleost fish and immune evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingguang Wei
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Shaoqing Zang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China
| | - Qiwei Qin
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266000, PR China.
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13
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Ruffalo M, Stojanov P, Pillutla VK, Varma R, Bar-Joseph Z. Reconstructing cancer drug response networks using multitask learning. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2017; 11:96. [PMID: 29017547 PMCID: PMC5635550 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-017-0471-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Translating in vitro results to clinical tests is a major challenge in systems biology. Here we present a new Multi-Task learning framework which integrates thousands of cell line expression experiments to reconstruct drug specific response networks in cancer. RESULTS The reconstructed networks correctly identify several shared key proteins and pathways while simultaneously highlighting many cell type specific proteins. We used top proteins from each drug network to predict survival for patients prescribed the drug. CONCLUSIONS Predictions based on proteins from the in-vitro derived networks significantly outperformed predictions based on known cancer genes indicating that Multi-Task learning can indeed identify accurate drug response networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Ruffalo
- Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Petar Stojanov
- Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Venkata Krishna Pillutla
- Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rohan Varma
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ziv Bar-Joseph
- Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Machine Learning Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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14
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Pirher N, Pohar J, Manček-Keber M, Benčina M, Jerala R. Activation of cell membrane-localized Toll-like receptor 3 by siRNA. Immunol Lett 2017; 189:55-63. [PMID: 28392198 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Small interfering RNA molecules (siRNA) are short dsRNAs that are used for different therapeutic applications. On the other hand, dsRNAs can bind to and activate cell RNA sensors and consequently trigger inflammatory response. Here we show that siRNA activates primary human endothelial cells and human lymphatic endothelial cells and that this response is inhibited by antibodies against TLR3. In contrast, the activation of human lymphatic endothelial cells by poly(I:C) was inhibited by bafilomycin but not by anti-TLR3 antibodies. Bafilomycin also inhibited poly(I:C) but not siRNA cell stimulation in TLR3-transfected HEK293. The response to siRNA required the expression of UNC93B1, which directs TLR3 to the surface of HEK293 cells. We propose that the engaged signaling pathway of TLR3 depends on the receptor localization and on the length of the dsRNA, where the activation of cell membrane TLR3 by short dsRNA leads to a predominantly proinflammatory response, whereas TLR3 activation in endosomal compartments by long dsRNA is characterized by the production of type I IFN. A molecular model suggests that the siRNA can bind to the binding sites of the TLR3 ectodomain and trigger receptor dimerization. These results contribute to understanding of the mechanism of side effects seen in the therapeutic application of naked, unmodified siRNA as a result of the activation of TLR3 localized at the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Pirher
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jelka Pohar
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mateja Manček-Keber
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Benčina
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Excellent NMR Future Innovation for Sustainable Technologies Centre of Excellence, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Roman Jerala
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Excellent NMR Future Innovation for Sustainable Technologies Centre of Excellence, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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15
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Choi JH, Park SH, Jung JK, Cho WJ, Ahn B, Yun CY, Choi YP, Yeo JH, Lee H, Hong JT, Han SB, Kim Y. Caffeic Acid Cyclohexylamide Rescues Lethal Inflammation in Septic Mice through Inhibition of IκB Kinase in Innate Immune Process. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41180. [PMID: 28145460 PMCID: PMC5286524 DOI: 10.1038/srep41180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD-2) or Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) with small molecule inhibitor rescues the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in sepsis due to infection with Gram-negative bacteria but not other microbes. Herein, we provided IκB kinase β (IKKβ) in innate immune process as a molecular target of caffeic acid cyclohexylamide (CGA-JK3) in the treatment of polymicrobial TLR agonists-induced lethal inflammation. CGA-JK3 ameliorated E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS, MD-2/TLR4 agonist)-induced endotoxic shock, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-challenged septic shock or LPS plus D-galactosamine (GalN)-induced acute liver failure (ALF) in C57BL/6J mice. As a molecular basis, CGA-JK3 inhibited IKKβ-catalyzed kinase activity in a competitive mechanism with respect to ATP, displaced fluorescent ATP probe from the complex with IKKβ, and docked at the ATP-binding active site on the crystal structure of human IKKβ. Furthermore, CGA-JK3 inhibited IKKβ-catalyzed IκB phosphorylation, which is an axis leading to IκB degradation in the activating pathway of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), in macrophages stimulated with TLR (1/2, 2/6, 4, 5, 7, 9) agonists from Gram-positive/negative bacteria and viruses. CGA-JK3 consequently interrupted IKKβ-inducible NF-κB activation and NF-κB-regulated expression of TNF-α, IL-1α or HMGB-1 gene, thereby improving TLRs-associated redundant inflammatory responses in endotoxemia, polymicrobial sepsis and ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hyeon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 362-763, Korea
| | - Sun Hong Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 362-763, Korea
| | - Jae-Kyung Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 362-763, Korea
| | - Won-Jea Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
| | - Byeongwoo Ahn
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 362-763, Korea
| | - Cheong-Yong Yun
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 362-763, Korea
| | - Yong Pyo Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 362-763, Korea
| | - Jong Hun Yeo
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 362-763, Korea
| | - Heesoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 362-763, Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 362-763, Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 362-763, Korea
| | - Youngsoo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 362-763, Korea
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16
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Westphal A, Cheng W, Yu J, Grassl G, Krautkrämer M, Holst O, Föger N, Lee KH. Lysosomal trafficking regulator Lyst links membrane trafficking to toll-like receptor-mediated inflammatory responses. J Exp Med 2016; 214:227-244. [PMID: 27881733 PMCID: PMC5206490 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20141461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Westphal et al. demonstrate a role of lysosomal trafficking regulator Lyst that couples the regulation of endolysosomal trafficking to inflammatory responses by the control of toll-like receptor–mediated endosomal TRIF signaling pathways. Subcellular compartmentalization of receptor signaling is an emerging principle in innate immunity. However, the functional integration of receptor signaling pathways into membrane trafficking routes and its physiological relevance for immune responses is still largely unclear. In this study, using Lyst-mutant beige mice, we show that lysosomal trafficking regulator Lyst links endolysosomal organization to the selective control of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)– and TLR4-mediated proinflammatory responses. Consequently, Lyst-mutant mice showed increased susceptibility to bacterial infection and were largely resistant to endotoxin-induced septic shock. Mechanistic analysis revealed that Lyst specifically controls TLR3- and TLR4-induced endosomal TRIF (TIR domain–containing adapter-inducing interferon β) signaling pathways. Loss of functional Lyst leads to dysregulated phagosomal maturation, resulting in a failure to form an activation-induced Rab7+ endosomal/phagosomal compartment. This specific Rab7+ compartment was further demonstrated to serve as a major site for active TRIF signaling events, thus linking phagosomal maturation to specific TLR signaling pathways. The immunoregulatory role of Lyst on TLR signaling pathways was confirmed in human cells by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene inactivation. As mutations in LYST cause human Chédiak-Higashi syndrome, a severe immunodeficiency, our findings also contribute to a better understanding of human disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Westphal
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inflammation Research Group, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Weijia Cheng
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inflammation Research Group, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jinbo Yu
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inflammation Research Group, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Guntram Grassl
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Martina Krautkrämer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inflammation Research Group, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Otto Holst
- Division of Structural Biochemistry, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Niko Föger
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inflammation Research Group, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Kyeong-Hee Lee
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inflammation Research Group, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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17
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Schulz KS, Mossman KL. Viral Evasion Strategies in Type I IFN Signaling - A Summary of Recent Developments. Front Immunol 2016; 7:498. [PMID: 27891131 PMCID: PMC5104748 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system protects the organism against infections and the damage associated with them. The first line of defense against pathogens is the innate immune response. In the case of a viral infection, it induces the interferon (IFN) signaling cascade and eventually the expression of type I IFN, which then causes an antiviral state in the cells. However, many viruses have developed strategies to counteract this mechanism and prevent the production of IFN. In order to modulate or inhibit the IFN signaling cascade in their favor, viruses have found ways to interfere at every single step of the cascade, for example, by inducing protein degradation or cleavage, or by mediate protein polyubiquitination. In this article, we will review examples of viruses that modulate the IFN response and describe the mechanisms they use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina S Schulz
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University , Hamilton, ON , Canada
| | - Karen L Mossman
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University , Hamilton, ON , Canada
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18
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Ullah MO, Sweet MJ, Mansell A, Kellie S, Kobe B. TRIF-dependent TLR signaling, its functions in host defense and inflammation, and its potential as a therapeutic target. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:27-45. [PMID: 27162325 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.2ri1115-531r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll/IL-1R domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFN-β (TRIF)-dependent signaling is required for TLR-mediated production of type-I IFN and several other proinflammatory mediators. Various pathogens target the signaling molecules and transcriptional regulators acting in the TRIF pathway, thus demonstrating the importance of this pathway in host defense. Indeed, the TRIF pathway contributes to control of both viral and bacterial pathogens through promotion of inflammatory mediators and activation of antimicrobial responses. TRIF signaling also has both protective and pathologic roles in several chronic inflammatory disease conditions, as well as an essential function in wound-repair processes. Here, we review our current understanding of the regulatory mechanisms that control TRIF-dependent TLR signaling, the role of the TRIF pathway in different infectious and noninfectious pathologic states, and the potential for manipulating TRIF-dependent TLR signaling for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Obayed Ullah
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Matthew J Sweet
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; and
| | - Ashley Mansell
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stuart Kellie
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bostjan Kobe
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
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19
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García Bueno B, Caso JR, Madrigal JLM, Leza JC. Innate immune receptor Toll-like receptor 4 signalling in neuropsychiatric diseases. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 64:134-47. [PMID: 26905767 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The innate immunity is a stereotyped first line of defense against pathogens and unspecified damage signals. One of main actors of innate immunity are the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and one of the better characterized members of this family is TLR-4, that it is mainly activated by Gram-negative bacteria lipopolysaccharide. In brain, TLR-4 organizes innate immune responses against infections or cellular damage, but also possesses other physiological functions. In the last years, some evidences suggest a role of TLR-4 in stress and stress-related neuropsychiatric diseases. Peripheral and brain TLR-4 activation triggers sickness behavior, and its expression is a risk factor of depression. Some elements of the TLR-4 signaling pathway are up-regulated in peripheral samples and brain post-mortem tissue from depressed and suicidal patients. The "leaky gut" hypothesis of neuropsychiatric diseases is based on the existence of an increase of the intestinal permeability which results in bacterial translocation able to activate TLR-4. Enhanced peripheral TLR-4 expression/activity has been described in subjects diagnosed with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and in autistic children. A role for TLR-4 in drugs abuse has been also proposed. The therapeutic potential of pharmacological/genetic modulation of TLRs signaling pathways in neuropsychiatry is promising, but a great preclinical/clinical scientific effort is still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B García Bueno
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Complutense University, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - J R Caso
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Complutense University, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - J L M Madrigal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Complutense University, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - J C Leza
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Complutense University, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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20
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Glycogen synthase kinase 3β ubiquitination by TRAF6 regulates TLR3-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6765. [PMID: 25828701 PMCID: PMC4396377 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TRAF6 is critical for the production of inflammatory cytokines in various TLR-mediated signalling pathways. However, it is poorly understood how TRAF6 regulates TLR3 responses. Here we demonstrate that GSK3β interacts with TRAF6 and positively regulates the TLR3-mediated signalling. Suppression of GSK3β expression or its kinase activity drastically reduces the production of inflammatory cytokines and the induction of c-Fos by decreasing ERK and p38 phosphorylation. GSK3β physically associates with TRAF6 in a TLR3 ligand poly I:C-dependent manner. TRAF6 is determined to be a direct E3 ligase for GSK3β, and TRAF6-mediated GSK3β ubiquitination is essential for poly I:C-dependent cytokine production by promoting the TLR3 adaptor protein TRIF-assembled signalling complex. GSK3β is a molecular hub implicated in regulation of cell metabolism, migration, proliferation and survival. Here the authors show that GSK3β regulates inflammatory cytokine production by promoting the assembly of a signalling platform downstream of TLR3, a sensor of viral infection.
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21
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Ferreira S, Queiroz JA, Oleastro M, Domingues FC. Insights in the pathogenesis and resistance of Arcobacter: A review. Crit Rev Microbiol 2015; 42:364-83. [PMID: 25806423 DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2014.954523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Arcobacter genus currently comprises 18 recognized species, among which Arcobacter butzleri, Arcobacter cryaerophilus and Arcobacter skirrowii have been associated with human and animal disease. Although these organisms, with special emphasis A. butzleri, are emerging as clinical pathogens, several aspects of their epidemiology and virulence are only starting to be clarified. In vitro human and animal cell culture assays have been used to show that several Arcobacter species can adhere to and invade eukaryotic cells, induce an immune response and produce toxins that damage host cells. In addition, data from genome sequencing highlighted several potential markers that may be helpful candidates for the study and understanding of these mechanisms; however, more work is necessary to clarify the molecular mechanisms involved in Arcobacter virulence. Arcobacter can be considered a relatively robust organism showing to be able to survive in adverse conditions, as the ones imposed by food processing and storage. Moreover, these bacteria have shown increased antibiotic resistance, along with high multidrug resistance. In this review, we seek to update the state-of-the-art concerning Arcobacter distribution, its interaction with the host, the trends of antibiotic resistance, its ability to survive, and finally the use of natural antimicrobials for control of Arcobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Ferreira
- a CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior , Covilhã , Portugal and
| | - João A Queiroz
- a CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior , Covilhã , Portugal and
| | - Mónica Oleastro
- b Department of Infectious Diseases , National Reference Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Infections, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge , Lisbon , Portugal
| | - Fernanda C Domingues
- a CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior , Covilhã , Portugal and
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22
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Park SH, Baek SI, Yun J, Lee S, Yoon DY, Jung JK, Jung SH, Hwang BY, Hong JT, Han SB, Kim Y. IRAK4 as a Molecular Target in the Amelioration of Innate Immunity–Related Endotoxic Shock and Acute Liver Injury by Chlorogenic Acid. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:1122-1130. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Mice lacking the IL-1R–associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) are completely resistant to LPS-induced endotoxic disorder or the TLR9 agonist CpG DNA plus d-galactosamine–induced acute liver injury (ALI), whereas wild-type strains succumb. However, translational drugs against sepsis or ALI remain elusive. Lonicerae flos extract is undergoing the clinical trial phase I in LPS-injected healthy human volunteers for sepsis treatment. In the current study, chlorogenic acid (CGA), a major anti-inflammatory constituent of lonicerae flos extract, rescued endotoxic mortality of LPS-intoxicated C57BL/6 mice, as well as ameliorated ALI of LPS/d-galactosamine–challenged C57BL/6 mice. As a mechanism, CGA inhibited various TLR agonist–, IL-1α–, or high-mobility group box-1–stimulated autophosphorylation (activation) of IRAK4 in peritoneal macrophages from C57BL/6 or C3H/HeJ mice via directly affecting the kinase activity of IRAK4, a proximal signal transducer in the MyD88-mediated innate immunity that enhances transcriptional activity of NF-κB or AP-1. CGA consequently attenuated protein or mRNA levels of NF-κB/AP-1 target genes encoding TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-6, and high-mobility group box-1 in vivo under endotoxemia or ALI. Finally, this study suggests IRAK4 as a molecular target of CGA in the treatment of innate immunity–related shock and organ dysfunction following insult of various TLR pathogens from bacteria and viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Hong Park
- *College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 362-763, Korea
| | - Seung-Il Baek
- *College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 362-763, Korea
| | - Jieun Yun
- †Bio-evaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang 363-883, Korea; and
| | - Seungmin Lee
- *College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 362-763, Korea
| | - Da Young Yoon
- *College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 362-763, Korea
| | - Jae-Kyung Jung
- *College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 362-763, Korea
| | - Sang-Hun Jung
- ‡College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Bang Yeon Hwang
- *College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 362-763, Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- *College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 362-763, Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- *College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 362-763, Korea
| | - Youngsoo Kim
- *College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 362-763, Korea
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23
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Jain S, Gitter A, Bar-Joseph Z. Multitask learning of signaling and regulatory networks with application to studying human response to flu. PLoS Comput Biol 2014; 10:e1003943. [PMID: 25522349 PMCID: PMC4270428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reconstructing regulatory and signaling response networks is one of the major goals of systems biology. While several successful methods have been suggested for this task, some integrating large and diverse datasets, these methods have so far been applied to reconstruct a single response network at a time, even when studying and modeling related conditions. To improve network reconstruction we developed MT-SDREM, a multi-task learning method which jointly models networks for several related conditions. In MT-SDREM, parameters are jointly constrained across the networks while still allowing for condition-specific pathways and regulation. We formulate the multi-task learning problem and discuss methods for optimizing the joint target function. We applied MT-SDREM to reconstruct dynamic human response networks for three flu strains: H1N1, H5N1 and H3N2. Our multi-task learning method was able to identify known and novel factors and genes, improving upon prior methods that model each condition independently. The MT-SDREM networks were also better at identifying proteins whose removal affects viral load indicating that joint learning can still lead to accurate, condition-specific, networks. Supporting website with MT-SDREM implementation: http://sb.cs.cmu.edu/mtsdrem To understand why some flu strains are more virulent than others, researchers attempt to profile and model the molecular human response to these strains and identify similarities and differences between the resulting models. So far, the modeling and analysis part has been done independently for each strain and the results contrasted in a post-processing step. Here we present a new method, termed MT-SDREM, that simultaneously models the response to all strains allowing us to identify both, the core response elements that are shared among the strains, and factors that are uniquely activated or repressed by individual strains. We applied this method to study the human response to three flu strains: H1N1, H3N2 and H5N1. As we show, the method was able to correctly identify several common and known factors regulating immune response to such strains and also identified unique factors for each of the strains. The models reconstructed by the simultaneous analysis method improved upon those generated by methods that model each strain response separately. Our joint models can be used to identify strain specific treatments as well as treatments that are likely to be effective against all three strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Jain
- Computer Science Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Anthony Gitter
- Microsoft Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ziv Bar-Joseph
- Lane Center for Computational Biology and Machine Learning Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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24
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Yang C, Li Q, Su J, Chen X, Wang Y, Peng L. Identification and functional characterizations of a novel TRIF gene from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 41:222-229. [PMID: 23732407 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain containing adapter inducing interferon-β (TRIF) is an adapter in responding to activation of some toll-like receptors (TLRs), which provides early clearance of viral and bacterial pathogens. Here we identified and characterized a full-length genomic sequence of TRIF gene from grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella (designated as CiTRIF). CiTRIF genomic sequence consists of 3534 base pairs (bp), containing 5' flank sequence (496 bp) and unique intron (815 bp). The full-length cDNA sequence is 2241 bp, including 5' untranslated region (UTR) of 352 bp, 3' UTR of 209 bp, and an open reading frame of 1680 bp encoding a polypeptide of 559 amino acids with an estimated molecular weight of 62.643 kDa and a predicted isoelectric point of 5.71. The deduced amino acid sequence just contains TIR domain, and is most similar to the zebrafish (Danio rerio) TRIF sequence with an identity of 64%. CiTRIF exhibits sequence divergence from its orthologs. Promoter region was predicted and promoter activity was verified. mRNA expression of CiTRIF gene is widespread in 15 tissues investigated, highly in foregut and skin physiological immune barrier. The transcripts of CiTRIF were significantly and rapidly induced in spleen and head kidney tissues at early stage post grass carp reovirus (GCRV) challenge. The modulations are significant but mild in CIK (C. idella kidney) cells post GCRV infection or poly(I:C) stimulation. The over-expression vector was constructed and transfected into CIK cell line to get stably expressing recombinant proteins. In CiTRIF transfected cells, mRNA expressions of CiTRIF, CiRIG-I, CiIRF7 and CiIFN-I were up-regulated. After GCRV infection, the transcripts of CiTRIF, CiRIG-I, CiIRF7 and CiIFN-I fell a little bit after a rapidly and strongly rise. In CiTRIF over-expression cells, virus load and titer were significantly lower than those in controls post GCRV challenge, and virus replication was inhibited obviously. The results indicate that the novel TRIF gene from grass carp plays important roles in modulating antiviral innate immune responses, and serve the further functional studies on TRIF gene in teleosts and immune evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunrong Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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