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Han W, Wei D, Sun Z, Qu D. Investigating the mechanism of rough phenotype in a naturally attenuated Brucella strain: insights from whole genome sequencing. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1363785. [PMID: 38711779 PMCID: PMC11073494 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1363785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Brucellosis, a significant zoonotic disease, not only impacts animal health but also profoundly influences the host immune responses through gut microbiome. Our research focuses on whole genome sequencing and comparative genomic analysis of these Brucella strains to understand the mechanisms of their virulence changes that may deepen our comprehension of the host immune dysregulation. Methods The Brucella melitensis strain CMCC55210 and its naturally attenuated variant CMCC55210a were used as models. Biochemical identification tests and in vivo experiments in mice verified the characteristics of the strain. To understand the mechanism of attenuation, we then performed de novo sequencing of these two strains. Results We discovered notable genomic differences between the two strains, with a key single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutation in the manB gene potentially altering lipopolysaccharide (LPS) structure and influencing host immunity to the pathogen. This mutation might contribute to the attenuated strain's altered impact on the host's macrophage immune response, overing insights into the mechanisms of immune dysregulation linked to intracellular survival. Furthermore, we explore that manipulating the Type I restriction-modification system in Brucella can significantly impact its genome stability with the DNA damage response, consequently affecting the host's immune system. Conclusion This study not only contributes to understanding the complex relationship between pathogens, and the immune system but also opens avenues for innovative therapeutic interventions in inflammatory diseases driven by microbial and immune dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendong Han
- BSL-3 Laboratory of Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Wei
- Division of Tuberculosis Vaccines and Allergen, National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiping Sun
- BSL-3 Laboratory of Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Qu
- BSL-3 Laboratory of Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Yang J, Wang Y, Hou Y, Sun M, Xia T, Wu X. Evasion of host defense by Brucella. CELL INSIGHT 2024; 3:100143. [PMID: 38250017 PMCID: PMC10797155 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellin.2023.100143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Brucella , an adept intracellular pathogen, causes brucellosis, a zoonotic disease leading to significant global impacts on animal welfare and the economy. Regrettably, there is currently no approved and effective vaccine for human use. The ability of Brucella to evade host defenses is essential for establishing chronic infection and ensuring stable intracellular growth. Brucella employs various mechanisms to evade and undermine the innate and adaptive immune responses of the host through modulating the activation of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), inflammatory responses, or the activation of immune cells like dendritic cells (DCs) to inhibit antigen presentation. Moreover, it regulates multiple cellular processes such as apoptosis, pyroptosis, and autophagy to establish persistent infection within host cells. This review summarizes the recently discovered mechanisms employed by Brucella to subvert host immune responses and research progress on vaccines, with the aim of advancing our understanding of brucellosis and facilitating the development of more effective vaccines and therapeutic approaches against Brucella .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinke Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yuanpan Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Mengyao Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Tian Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xin Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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De la Rosa-Ramos MA, Arellano-Reynoso B, Hernández-Badillo E, Guerra-Infante FM, Mancilla-Herrera I, Chaki SP, Ficht TA, Suárez-Güemes F. Evaluation of the goat cellular immune response to rBtuB-Hia-FlgK peptides from Brucella melitensis. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 94:101944. [PMID: 36638645 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.101944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a zoonosis caused by Brucella; B. melitensis is the most prevalent species in goats and humans. Previously, three B. melitensis peptides, rBtuB-Hia-FlgK showed antigen-specific immune responses in rodent models. The goal of this study was to evaluate the goat Th1/Th2 immune response to B. melitensis peptides. Twenty-eight animals were separated into four groups and were immunized with the rBtuB-Hia-FlgK peptides cocktail, adjuvant, PBS and Rev-1 vaccine, respectively. Peripheral blood samples were collected on days 0, 15, and 80 post-inoculation. The CD4+ and CD8+ T cells proliferation, and cytokine production of the Th-1 (IL-2, IL-12, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) and Th-2 profiles (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10) were evaluated. An increase of CD4+/CD8+ at 15 days post-vaccination was observed and continued until the 80th. In addition, the IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 mRNA expression were typically induced by the 15th day, but only IFN-γ levels were observed at day 80 post-immunization. Brucella pathogenesis is distinguished by the presence of a large amount of Th-1 cytokines. Although a reduced amount of IFN-γ in the culture supernatant was accurately detected compared with Rev-1 after 15 days, it could be influenced by the sampling schedule, as a higher cytokine production might be induced as early as the first-week post-vaccination. The results indicate that rBtuB-Hia-FlgK induced an immune response similar to the Rev-1 vaccine. The possible use of inert molecules with the unique ability to typically induce cellular response similar to attenuated vaccine represents an attractive option that should not be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A De la Rosa-Ramos
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - B Arellano-Reynoso
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - E Hernández-Badillo
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Fernando M Guerra-Infante
- Departamento de Infectología e Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes (INPerIER), Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico
| | - I Mancilla-Herrera
- Departamento de Infectología e Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes (INPerIER), Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico
| | - S P Chaki
- Texas A&M University, Veterinary Pathobiology, TAMUs 4467, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - T A Ficht
- Texas A&M University, Veterinary Pathobiology, TAMUs 4467, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - F Suárez-Güemes
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico.
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Heidary M, Dashtbin S, Ghanavati R, Mahdizade Ari M, Bostanghadiri N, Darbandi A, Navidifar T, Talebi M. Evaluation of Brucellosis Vaccines: A Comprehensive Review. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:925773. [PMID: 35923818 PMCID: PMC9339783 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.925773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a bacterial zoonosis caused by Brucella spp. which can lead to heavy economic losses and severe human diseases. Thus, controlling brucellosis is very important. Due to humans easily gaining brucellosis from animals, animal brucellosis control programs can help the eradication of human brucellosis. There are two popular vaccines against animal brucellosis. Live attenuated Brucella abortus strain 19 (S19 vaccine) is the first effective and most extensively used vaccine for the prevention of brucellosis in cattle. Live attenuated Brucella melitensis strain Rev.1 (Rev.1 vaccine) is the most effective vaccine against caprine and ovine brucellosis. Although these two vaccines provide good immunity for animals against brucellosis, the expense of persistent serological responses is one of the main problems of both vaccines. The advantages and limitations of Brucella vaccines, especially new vaccine candidates, have been less studied. In addition, there is an urgent need for new strategies to control and eradicate this disease. Therefore, this narrative review aims to present an updated overview of the available different types of brucellosis vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Heidary
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Shirin Dashtbin
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Ghanavati
- School of Paramedical Sciences, Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran
| | - Marzie Mahdizade Ari
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narjess Bostanghadiri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Darbandi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Malihe Talebi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Malihe Talebi
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Karthik K, Anbazhagan S, Thomas P, Ananda Chitra M, Senthilkumar TMA, Sridhar R, Dhinakar Raj G. Genome Sequencing and Comparative Genomics of Indian Isolates of Brucella melitensis. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:698069. [PMID: 34489888 PMCID: PMC8417702 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.698069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucella melitensis causes small ruminant brucellosis and a zoonotic pathogen prevalent worldwide. Whole genome phylogeny of all available B. melitensis genomes (n = 355) revealed that all Indian isolates (n = 16) clustered in the East Mediterranean lineage except the ADMAS-GI strain. Pangenome analysis indicated the presence of limited accessory genomes with few clades showing specific gene presence/absence pattern. A total of 43 virulence genes were predicted in all the Indian strains of B. melitensis except 2007BM-1 (ricA and wbkA are absent). Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis indicated all except one Indian strain (ADMAS-GI) falling into sequence type (ST 8). In comparison with MLST, core genome phylogeny indicated two major clusters (>70% bootstrap support values) among Indian strains. Clusters with <70% bootstrap support values represent strains with diverse evolutionary origins present among animal and human hosts. Genetic relatedness among animal (sheep and goats) and human strains with 100% bootstrap values shows its zoonotic transfer potentiality. SNP-based analysis indicated similar clustering to that of core genome phylogeny. Among the Indian strains, the highest number of unique SNPs (112 SNPs) were shared by a node that involved three strains from Tamil Nadu. The node SNPs involved several peptidase genes like U32, M16 inactive domain protein, clp protease family protein, and M23 family protein and mostly represented non-synonymous (NS) substitutions. Vaccination has been followed in several parts of the world to prevent small ruminant brucellosis but not in India. Comparison of Indian strains with vaccine strains showed that M5 is genetically closer to most of the Indian strains than Rev.1 strain. The presence of most of the virulence genes among all Indian strains and conserved core genome compositions suggest the use of any circulating strain/genotypes for the development of a vaccine candidate for small ruminant brucellosis in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Subbaiyan Anbazhagan
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Prasad Thomas
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Murugesan Ananda Chitra
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | | | - Ramaswamy Sridhar
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Gopal Dhinakar Raj
- Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
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Li B, Chen S, Wang C, Chen Q, Man C, An Q, Zhang Z, Liu Z, Du L, Wang F. Integrated mRNA-seq and miRNA-seq analysis of goat fibroblasts response to Brucella Melitensis strain M5-90. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11679. [PMID: 34249510 PMCID: PMC8253117 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a globally zoonotic bacterial disease of humans and various animals including goats, sheep, and cattle. Brucella melitensis M5-90, a live attenuated vaccine strain, has been widely used to prevent brucellosis in goats and sheep. However, the molecular mechanisms governing protective immunity response in non-professional phagocytes infected with B. melitensis M5-90 have not been fully investigated, especially in goats. In our research, goat fibroblasts were used as in vitro models to determine these mechanisms by transcriptome analysis. After incubating with B. melitensis M5-90 3 h, the infected goat fibroblasts were collected at 0 h, 4 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h for RNA-seq. The results indicated that there were totally 11,819 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 777 differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs found in experiment groups compared with the control groups (|log2(Foldchange)|≥1, FDR<0.05). GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that down-regulated genes were involved in the riboflavin metabolism and positive regulation of IL-8 secretion pathway. The up-regulated genes were mainly involved in adaptive immunity, including TNF signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway and JAK/STAT pathway. Additionally, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity and toll-like receptor signaling pathway, which associated with innate immunity pathways, were also induced. Based on the Pearson correlation coefficients and prediction results of TargetScan and miRanda, the miRNA-mRNA networks of NFKB1, IFNAR2 and IL10RB were constructed and verified in goat fibroblasts by qPCR, which demonstrated that goat fibroblasts displayed immunomodulatory properties. Our findings provide a deeper insight into the host miRNA-driven B. melitensis defense mechanism and reveal the transcriptome changes involved in the innate and adaptive immune response of the goats to B. melitensis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baobao Li
- Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Si Chen
- Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Chengqiang Wang
- Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Qiaoling Chen
- Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Churiga Man
- Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Qi An
- Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Zhenxing Zhang
- Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Li Du
- Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Fengyang Wang
- Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Haikou, Hainan, China
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Evaluation of DNA vaccine encoding BCSP 31 surface protein of Brucella abortus for protective immunity. Microb Pathog 2018; 125:514-520. [PMID: 30321591 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a highly contagious and zoonotic disease and has a considerable impact on animal health and economy of a country, principally in Pakistan, where rural income largely depends upon livestock farming and dairy products. The disease burden is more in underdeveloped/developing countries due to the low economy and limited access to the diagnostic facilities. In Pakistan, the prevalence of Brucella abortus is very high, so it is the need of the hour to control this disease through more advanced methods. This study was designed with the aim to construct the DNA based vaccine of gene encoding antigenic surface protein (BCSP31). For this purpose, the BCSP31 gene was amplified, purified and ligated in pTZ57 R/T (cloning vector). Dubbed BCSP31-pTZ57 R/T vector was transformed into competent cells (DH5α). After plasmid extraction, the plasmid and pET-28a vector was restricted with EcoRI and BamHI. Again, ligation was done and dubbed pET-28a-BCSP31 transformed into E. coli (BL21). After expression, the protein was purified and used for evaluation of immunogenic response. The protective and immunogenic efficacy of the vaccine was evaluated in rabbits (n = 20). The rabbits were divided into four equal groups. Groups A-C were given purified protein diluted in normal saline @ 750, 1500 and 3000 μg/0.2 mL, respectively through intraconjunctival route. Group D was given 0.2 mL normal saline through intraconjunctival route. Specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses were measured through indirect ELISA on a weekly basis. The titer of IgG against the antigen was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in vaccinated groups A-C as compared to group D (control group) in a dose dependent manner. Moreover, log units of protection produced by DNA based vaccine in the rabbits (3.02) also indicated the protective efficacy of the DNA vaccine against B. abortus challenge. The response of this vaccine in rabbit suggested its potential effectiveness against Brucella abortus in large animals.
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